BIEN CHUY^IV K1I\1I T^ CijA LtkNG »6J%G H Y ( B A C I^n^ll) Tif 1 9 8 6 »fiN 2 0 1 0
NGUYEN VAN D C N G * NGUVilN DiNH Lfi"
1. Mpt so' nfit ve k i n h ttf lfing D o n g Kx t h d i k y trUdc Doi m d i
Lfing Ddng Ky ed ten nfim lfi lfing Cdi (edn goi la Ke CM) (1). Ddng Ky lfi mgt trong 3 lfing thuge xa Ddng Quang (Til Sdn, Bfic Ninh). Trong suot chitfu dfii lieh sii, Ddng Ky dfi trai qua nhifi'u Ifin thay doi vtf dia danh hfinh ehinh. Qua doi chitfu so sanh gii2a cac thU tich co, Ddng Ky thdi Hiing VuOng thude bg Vu Ninh. Tft thdi thudc Han dtfn thdi Dudng, Ddng K^ thuge qugn Giao Chi; thdi Tifi'n Lfi, thudc ehfiu Co Phap; thdi Ly thudc phu Thien Dilc; thdi Trtfn, thuge chfiu Vu Ninh, Ig Bac Giang.
Thdi Hau Lfi, thuge huygn Dfing Ngfin, phii Til Sdn, Btfc Dao. Dtfu thdi nhfi Nguyin, Ddng Ky thuge tong Nghia Lgp, huygn Ddng Ngan, phii TiX Sdn, trfi'n Kinh Bfic...
Thdi Phfip thuge, Dong Ky vtfn thuge tong NghTa L 4 P , phu Til Sdn, tinh Bfic Ninh.
Sau Cach mang thang Tfim (1945), lfing Ddng Ky thfinh xa Dong Ky, thuge huygn Tii Sdn, tinh Bfic Ninh. Dtfn nfim 1949, Ddng Ky h0p nhfi't vdi Bfnh Ha vfi Trang Ligt thfinh xa Dong Quang, thuge huy$n
Til Sdn, tinh Btfc Ninh. TCt 9-2008 dtfn nay, Ddng Ky trd thfinh mfit phudng Dtfng Ky cua thi xa TCf Sdn (2), tinh B^c Ninh.
Ddng Ky nkm 6 vj trf sat dinh thtJf hai (Co Loa - Ddng Anh) cua tam giac chfiu thd sfing Hong (3), lfi ndi giap ranh chuyin titfp td vdng ddi gd trung du xutfng vdng dong bfing. Dong Quang cd dia hinh tUdng dtfi bAng ph4ng, dU0e hinh thfinh td cac ldp trSm tfch phd sa bdi cua ddng sdng Ngu Huygn Khfi vfi sdng Tifiu TUdng ctf (4).
Htfu htft dign tfch dfi't canh tac cua Ddng Ky thuge lo^i dfi't efi'y 1 vy, chi nhitog chfin rudng triing vfi g£in ao, chufim ehi ngu6n nudc mdi c&'y du<^ 2 vy trong nfim. Rugng dfi't d Ddng Ky chia Ifim 3 l o ^ lfi: l o ^ 1, lo^i 2 vfi lo^i 3 (5). Ttfng dign tfch cdng tU diln thtf cua Dtfng Ky lfi 476 m&u, 4 sfio, 3 thudc. Trong dd, td ditfn chitfm 85% ttfng di$n tfch dfi't canh ttfc, cdng ditfn ciu chitfm 5,82%. Trong ttfng stf dign Uch dfi't tu, c6 96,2% dign tfch dfi't lfi chfnh canh; 3,75%
difin tfch dfi't lfi ph\i canh (6).
Cac chu sd hdu rugng dfi't tU d Ddng Kj da stf cd quy md rfi't nhd. Theo d|a h^ Gia
' ThS. Khoa Ljch sii - Trudng Dai hoe Su ph^m Hfi Ngi 2
" PGS.TS. Khoa Ljch a\t - Trudng DH KHXH&NV-DHQG HN
Bjgn chuy&i hinh ttf cAa lAng Btfng K^- Long 4 (1805), ti lfi ehu sd hiiu til dudi 1 mfiu chitfm 6,72%; logi til 1-3 mSu chitfm 71,6%; loai td 3-5 m§u chitfm 10,19%; logi 5- 10 mSu chitfm 1,05%; loai trfin 10 mhi chitfm 0%. Ddng Ky cd so lU0ng dfin eU dfing, rugng dtft lai ft nfin tinh trang bi xfim eanh rtft ft, ehi efi 18 chu, sd hiJu 18 mSu, 6 sfio, 12 thude, 9 tfi'c (chifi'm 3,75% difin tfch dfi't tu). Trong khi dd, dfin Dong Ky xfim canh d cac lfing xfi xung quanh khfi nhitfu. Chi tfnh rifing dfi't Ikng Trang Lifit da cd 46 chu phu canh ngUdi Ddng Ky vdi tong so dign tfch dfi't canh tac lfi 129 mfiu, 9 sfio, 4 thudc, 5 ttfc (7).
Dfin lfing Dong Ky thitfu dfi't canh tac thudng xuyfin lfi m^t thi^c ttf. TrUde kia, hfi thtfng tudi tieu va dfi dieu chUa ttft nen vao mda mUa Id nUde td sdng Ngu Huyfin Khfi chay vao Ifim eho dong dfi't Ddng Ky ngfip lut thudng xuyfin, gfiy khd khfin ldn cho viec canh tac. Vdi ban tfnh ctfn mSn, chiu thUdng chiu khd, ngUdi dfin Ddng Ky da ra sde eai tao dong rugng Ifim tfing do phi nhifiu cua dfi't, san Itfp t h d n g dfi'u vfi mua rupng d cac lfing xa khac lan cfin tang dign tfch dtft eanh tac nhfim tfing thfim nguon lUdng thUc dap dng nhu ctfu cudc stfng. Mfic dd vfiy, ntfu chi d i ^ vfio ndng nghiep thi khdng t h i dfip dng dUdc nhu ctfu cuoc stfng eiia ngudi dfin.
Ddng Ky nkm d vj tri chuytfn titfp gifla vdng trung du vfi mitfn nui phfa Bfic, ed hg thtfng dudng giao thdng thiiy, bd thufin ldi cho giao Idu, phat t r i l n kinh ttf (8). Vdi ldi thtf vtf vi tri dia 1;^ vfi giao thfing nhd vfiy, cdng vdi su nhay bfin vtf tU duy kinh ttf thi trudng, nfin trUdc dfiy, dfin lfing Ddng Ky da cd nghtf budn ban trfin bd. Ngddi Ddng Ky da tiing vfio Nghfi An, Hfi "nnh, Thanh Hda, lfin Sdn La, Tuyfin Quang, Yfin Bai, Phd Tho, Thai Nguyfin... Dfin bufin Dtfng Ky eung ctfp trfiu bd Ifim sde kfio cho khfip vdng Thai Binh, Hung Yfin, Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, Hai DUdng,... mua t r a u bd vtf bfin d chd Gitfu
(Phd LUu) canh Ddng Ky, rdi td dfiy lai tda di khfip cac tinh ddng b^ng Bfic Bg (9).
Trddc 1945, Ddng Ky cd khoang 20 ngudi chu budn ban trfiu bd, mSi chuytfn hudn cd dtfn 50 eon trfiu bd. Trong nhdng nfim thdc dfin Phfip dd hg (1949-1954), Ddng Ky lfi lfing tfi\ nfin ngUdi dfin hi kilm sofit gfit gao dtf phdng Vigt Minh trfi trgn vfio Ifing, do dd vigc budn ban trau bd bi dinh trg. Sau khi hda binh lgp lai (1954), mien Bfic bude vfio thdi k^ khdi phuc kinh ttf, cai efieh rugng dfi't, kinh ttf nfing nghifip hg gia dinh cd dieu kifin phat triln, nhu ctfu vtf trfiu bd cfiy kfio ngfiy cfing nhieu.
Ngudi dfin nhitfu tinh ddng bfing sdng Hong lai tim ve ehd Gitfu mua trfiu, dan Dong Ky khoi phuc dUdc nghe bufin ban trudc kia.
Dtfn nam 1960, Nhfi nudc nghiem efi'm tU nhfin budn hfin, nen nghe budn trau d DSng Ky Cling chfi'm ddt (10).
Trong khi mgt bd phfin nhflng ngudi dfin dng di bufin bfin d bfin ngofii, thi nhflng ngudi phu nfl Dong Ky Ifim dong ang vfi dfit vai. NgUdi dan Dong Ky vfin Idu truyfin efiu ca dao:
"Trai thi budn bdn ngUcfc xudi (^i thi canh ciH, ehdn nudi, rugng dong"
TrUde nfim 1945, ca lfing cd tdi 400 dtfn 500 khung edi. Vai dUdc ngUdi dfin Dong Ky lam ra cdn cd tfin goi lfi vai Cdi, khtf nhd, de trfing hofic nhugm nfiu vda bfi'n vda min (11), thudng bfin d chd Ddng Ky, chd Gitfu vfi efie ehd lfin cfin.
Nghtf mge cung cd td rfi't sdm d lang Dong Ky, nhdng stf lUdng ngddi Ifim rtft it.
TrUde Cfich mang thfing Tfim nfim 1945, ca lfing chi cd khoang 20-30 ngddi Ifim nghtf mfic, chu ytfu lfi ddng cac do nhd: bfin ghtf, giddng tu, chan bat, Ifim nha thufi... Tuy nhifin, ngudn t h u nhfip td nghtf moc ching dddc lfi bao.
Nfim 1960, ca lang Ddng Ky xfiy dUng dd^c 5 hijp tfie xa nfing nghigp, nhdng quy
32 Rghlfln ethi Meh aJr. atf 7.2012 mfi rfi't nhd, vf d\i: H(^p tfic xfi xdm Gitfng ed
24 hfi; h(?p tac xfi xdm Btfng cd 35 hd (12).
Trong khi dd, ca lfing Ddng I ^ cd hdng nghin hg dan. Dfi'n nfim 1961, nhitfu hfi gia dinh da xin ra khdi h<^p tfic xa, thfim chf h0p tac xfi xdm Nghfi phai giai t h i do khdng edn xa vifin (13). Thdc tiSn cho thfi'y md hinh kinh ttf tgp t h i khdng mang lgi higu qua kinh ttf cao cho xa vifin, cang Ifim cho ngudi dfin Ddng Ky quytft tam tim kitfm nhflng hudng di mdi d l vddn lfin vd^t qua khd khfin vfi tdng bUdc Ifim gifiu.
Vfio nhdng thgp nifin 60 - 70 cua thtf ky XX, do difi'u kign kinh ttf khd khfin, mgt hfi phfin ngddi dfin Ddng Ky da chuyin sang mua ban dd go ctf, la loai hang hda cd gia ir\
kinh te cao dU0c cac hp dan kha gia Uu chugng. Khi hfing do gd co khan hitfm dfin, mgt stf ngudi dfin Ddng Ky da nghi each iam dd gia ctf de ban. Mgt stf gia dinh d Dong Ky cung mdi thd kham trai 6 Chuyfin My (Hfi Tay) vfi Ifim tai nha. Ngoai ra lang Ddng Ky cdn cd khoang 100 ngUdi chuyfin di lam thufi vtf nha cd, ban ghtf, giudng tu d efie dja phddng khac, cho thu nhfip gfi'p 4-5 ldn so vdi cae thd mpc trong cfic hqip tac xa (14).
Ngofii mpt stf gia dinh Ifim do go gia ctf, cung vfio nhiing nfim 60 - 70 cua thtf ky XX, Nhfi nudc cd ehii trUdng cho phfip khai thfic riing Itfy go ph\ic vy san xutft vfi phijc vi^ cdng nghigp, sinh hoat, mgt bg phfin lao dgng khde manh d Dong Ky da chuyin sang Ifim nghfi thi? xe. Tren 200 cfip thp xe lfing Ddng Ky cd mfit d khfip cfic lam trUdng mien Bfic de xe go thufi cho efie ddn vj kinh ttfnhfinddc(15).
Go rdng ngfiy cfing can kifit, nghtf thfl xd cung khong cdn thjnh dgt. Trong bdi ntfn kinh ttf ktf hoach hda tfip trung, bao ctfp, ddi song ngddi dan Ddng Ky cung nhU ca nddc gfip nhitfu khd khan. Dtfu nhflng nfim 70, phong trfio nudi tha vfi danh bfit ca phat triln, ngddi dan Dong Ky da n h a n h
chdng chuyin sang nghtf danh bfit cfi thufi (16) cho cfic ttf ehde nhfi nddc vfi dja phUdng. Thdi gian dd, ea lfing cd khoang 500-600 c$p thuytfn tdn rong rutfi di khip mpi ndi, mang lgi ngudn t h u nhfip dfing kl cho mgt bO phgn dfin cd (17).
Sau ngfiy mitfn Nam giai phdng (1976), dfi't nddc thtfng nhtft, mgt trang sii mdi cho dfin tgc da md ra. Ngudi dfin Ddng Ky cflng budc vfio mgt vtfn hgi mdi, khdng ngdng tim kitfm thj trddng d l tifiu thi^ san phtfm d l gd my nghg. Thj trudng Thfinh phtf Hd Chf Minh vfi sau dd lfi Campuchia ddfle ngddi dfin Ddng Ky titfp cfin kha nhanh sau ngfiy dfi't nddc hda blnh. Nhflng mdi hfing t n ^ titfp dupc thitft Ifip td Thfinh phtf Hd Chf Minh, Campuchia vdi Ddng Ky. San ph£m do gd dU0c vgn chuyin td Dong Ky dtfn cac thj trudng nfiy. Vfi ngdflc lgi, ngudn hang nguyfin ligu gd dutjtc chuyin td Campuchia v l Dong Ky d l cung ctfp cho cfic htf gia <finh san xufi't. Thj trddng dupc md rpng, hfing hda tifiu t h v ddflc nfin stf gia dinh Ifim nghi mpc dfi nhanh chdng tfing lfin. Nfim 1980, lfing Ddng Ky cd khoang 100 hg san xutft do gd gia ctf (18). Dtfn nfim 1985, lfing Ddng Ky cd khoang hdn 600 hp Ifim do mgc gia co (19). Tuy nhifin do tinh hinh chung cua ca nudc luc dd, nfin nghtf m^c d Dtfng Ky chi tdn tgi c^m chdng...
2. S d chuytfn bitfn vtf k i n h ttf cua lfing D o n g Ky tir k h i Doi m d i
Gifla nhflng nfim 80 cua thtf ky XX. tinb hinh kinh ttf - xa hgi cua dfi't nddc khiing hoang nghifim trpng. TrUde tinh hinh dd, Dgi hgi Dang tofin qudc Itfn thfl VI (12- 1986) da dtf r a nhflng quan d i l m dtfi mdi tofin di0n. Nghi quytft ciia Dgi hpi VI da tgo ra cd sd If lu^n cho sd dtfi mdi kinh ttf ndi chung vfi ndng nghifip, ndng thdn ndi rifing trong nhdng nfim titfp theo. Di giai phdng sde san xutft trong khu v i ^ kinh ttf nfing nghigp, nfing thfin, ngfiy 5-4-1988, Btf Chfnh
Bien ehuyin hinh ttf e^n long Bdng Ky.. 53 trj da ban hfinh Nghj quytft So 10-NQ/TW
Vtf doi mdi quan ly kinh ttf ndng nghifip (gpi tfit lfi Nghi quytft 10). Nghj quyet 10 ciia Bfi Chinh tri da mang lgi quytfn td chii kinh ttf cho ctfc hg gia dinh d ndng thdn.
Nghj quytft Hgi nghj Itfn thd 5 Ban Cha'p hfinh Trung ddng Dang (Khda VII) ngfiy 10 thang 6 nfim 1993 ve" Tiep tuc ddi mdi vd phdt trien kinh te- xa hgi ndng thdn da dda ra quan diem "dfit sU phat trifin nfing nghigp vfi kinh ttf nfing thdn theo hudng san xufi't hfing hda trong qua trinh cdng nghigp hda, hign dai hda dfi't nUdc, coi dd lfi nhigm vu chitfn lU0c cd ttfm quan trpng hfing dtfu" (20). Ve cd ctfu kinh ttf ndng thdn, Nghi quyet Hpi nghj Trung ddng l^n thd 5 (Khda VII) xac dinh phai doi mdi cd ctfu kinh te ndng nghifip, doi mdi cd ctfu kinh ttf ndng thon, pha vd the dpc canh cfiy Ida, pha vd ed ctfu thutfn nfing va "trfin cd sd xuc titfn cdng cupe cong nghiep hda ndi chung, cong nghifip hda ndng nghiep vfi ndng thfin ndi rieng ma thdc liign sU ehuyen dich cd ctfu kinh ttf ndng thdn theo hUdng phdt tridn mgnh, viJtng chAe. co hiiu qud cdng nghiep - dich vti d nong thdn; ttfng nhanh ty trpng nhflng ngfinh nfiy trong cd cfi'u cdng - ndng nghigp - dich vu" (21).
Nhflng chii trUdng diing dfin cua Dang vfi Nha nddc da thdc sd mang lai ditfu kign thugn ldi ldn cho Ddng Ky cdng ca nUdc cd difi'u kign phfit t r i l n kinh ttf - xa hgi.
Vtf kinh ttf ndng nghigp, td khi thdc hign Cd chtf Khoan 10 cua Bp Chinh tri cae ho gia dinh d Ddng I ^ da tfing cddng dtfu td ngudn luc cai tao dong rudng, xay ddng cac ha t i n g san xutft nong nghiep (22), nfing sutft cay trdng da tfing lfin dang ke. Nfing sufi't Ida chifim d Dong I ^ da cd bUdc nhay vot td 35,5 ta/ha/nam (23) tang len 43,6 ta/haynfim (24) nfim 1989. Nfing sutft lua binh quan trong cae nfim td 2000 dtfn 2005 lfi 51,9 ta/ha. Td nfim 2005 den 2009, nfing sutft Ida binh
qufin mpt nfim lfi 52,1 ta/ha (25). Cd cfi'u cay trong d Dong Ky chu ytfu lfi Ida, dUpc gieo cfi'y hai vy lfi: chifim xuan vfi vi;i mda. Ngofii ra khfing ed cfic logi cay hoa mtfu. NgUdi dan D6ng Ky sdm nhfin thdc dd(?c vdi so rugng da't ft 6i thi vigc iam gifiu td nfing nghifip lfi khfing t h i . Tuy nhifin, vdi quan nigm "di nfing vi ban", cae hfi dan d Ddng Ky vkn gid phtfn rupng dtft ddpc ehia. Hign nay d Ddng Ky, phfin Idn eae hg gia dinh dfi'u khfing trUc titfp lam rupng, ma hp thudng thue mddn ngddi dan Ung khae dtfn cay ctfy, thu hogch lfi'y thdc. Cung cd nhieu gia ^ n h cho thufi mddn rugng vdi mde phf rfi't thtfp (chi khoang 40-50 kg thdc/sao/nfim), muc dfeh ehfnh cua hp chi lfi d l gid rugng vi tfim h' chda an tfim khi "ly nfing"...
Do difi'u kifin dfi't dai han hep (26), nfin chfin nudi gia sue, gia cSm d Ddng Ky khdng phfit t r i l n theo quy mo trang trai mfi chii ytfu n h i m muc dich tfin dung san ph^m phu va sd dung lam sde kdo trong san xufi't ndng nghiep. Xu hddng chung trong nhdng nfim gin dfiy, nhieu hd gia dinh khong chfin nudi, dfic biet la nhdng hd gia dinh Ifim nghe thii cfing nghigp vfi dich vu. Theo thtfng ke vao thdi diem 1-10-2009, ca phddng Ddng Ky cd tong dfin trau: 8 con;
dan bd: 39 con; dfin Ipn; 780 con (27).
VI kinh ttf thu cong nghiep, vfio nda d^u nhdng nfim fiO eua thtf ky XX, thj trddng tifiu thi;i san ph^m dd go d khu vUe phfa nam (chu ytfu la Thanh phtf Ho Chf Minh) gfip nhieu khd khan do khung hoang kinh ttf, cfic thddng lai D6ng I ^ dfi chu dgng tim kitfm thj trudng mdi vfi hg da phfit hien ra cfic thudng lai ngddi Vifit g6c Hoa mua hfing vfi ban sang Campuchia. Vi vfiy, mfit stf thddng nhan Dong Ky da tim each mde nSi vdi mgt stf gia (finh Vigt kitfu de vfin chuyin t h i n g hfing td Dong Ky sang Campuchia tifiu t h u d thi trudng Lfio vfi Thai Lan.
Rghlfln cdu Ljch adr. stf 7.2018 Cung vao ddu th$p nifin 90 ciia thtf ky XX,
thi trddng tifiu thy dd gd trong nUdc tfing Ifin do cac cd quan mua sfim dd ditng cho cfic vfin phdng, cac gia (finh khfi gia cting Ua chufing san phtfm dd g6 gia ctf. Vi vfiy, ngudi dfin Ddng Ky da tieh ci^c khai thfic thj trddng trong nddc thfing qua vigc md dai I^ d cfic thfinh phtf, thj xa d l tifiu thi^ san phtfm.
Trong khoang 2 thgp ki vda qua, nhitfu thj trddng tifiu thy san phtfm dd gd m^
nghg trong vfi ngofii nudc dUpc md ra. Hfing nghin hg dfin d Ddng Ky t d gifla nhdng nfim 80 cua thtf ky XX da ehuyin hSn t d san xua't ndng nghigp sang iam nghtf san xufi't do go my nghg. Td nfim 1994 dtfn nfim 1999, stf hg gia dinh san xutft dd gd my nghg d lfing Ddng Ky da tang t d 300 hfi lfin tren 1000 hg. Den nam 2005, Dong Ky ed 2.239 hg gia (finh ehuyfin san xufi't vfi Ifim dich vy dd go, cd 160 cfing ty, xf nghigp vfi hdp tfic xa chuyfin san xufi't dd go my nghg.
De tgo difi'u kifin cho san xufi't thu cfing nghigp d Dong Ky phat triln, nfim 2002, Thu tudng Chfnh phii dfi phfi duygt dd an xfiy dung cym cfing nghigp lfing nghtf Ddng Quang vdi dign tich 12,6 ha di san xufi't tiiu thu cdng nghigp, do go my nghg (28) thu hut 238 ddi tUpng (gom 167 hg gia dinh vfi 71 doanh nghigp) thufi mfit btfng san xufi't vfi kinh doanh. Doanh thu t d san xufi't dd go nfim 1999 dgt 84,9 ti ddng. Dtfn nfim 2004, doanh thu t d do gd dgt 145 ti ddng.
San phfim hfing hda da dgng, phong phd nhU: ban, ghtf, giudng, tu, sgp, tdpng, ddng ho, Ip hoa,... dd(;Je san xufi't t d nhitfu logi gd nhdng chu ytfu lfi: lim, gy, trfic, mun,...
Ngofii cac san phtfm ddi?c chtf tac theo vfin hda truytfn thong Vigt Nam, Trung Qudc, cdn ed nhitfu mSu ma da dgng, ctfu ky do cac khach htfng d Dfii Loan, Thfii Lan, Malaixia, chfiu Au, ehfiu My dfit hfing.
Si^ phat' t r i l n cua nghtf san xufi't dd gd my nghfi da thu h u t hfing vgn lao dtfng tgi .
dja phddng vfi cfic tinh n h d Bfic Giang, Hfi Tfly, Nam Djnh, Hai Dddng, Thfii Nguyfin,... vdi radc thu nhgp binh qufin td 800 nghin dtfn 1,5 trigu ddng/ngddi/thfing, tdy theo tay nghtf. Khdng nhflng vfiy, si^
phfit t r i l n san xutft kinh doanh cua lfing Ding Ky cdn cd tfic dyng kfio theo sd phfit t r i l n cua nhitfu Ifing nghtf khac xung quanh nhd 4 Ifing d Phd Khfi, 6 Ifing d Huong Mgc, 3 lfing d Tam Sdn vfi lfing Thitft tJng (xfi Vfin Hfi, huygn Dfing Anh, Thfinh phtf Hfi Ngi).
Vtf kinh ttf thUdng nghigp, trong nhdng nfim gdn dfiy, khi ngudn eung san phtfm dd gd d cfic lfing lan cfin dtfi dfio vfi tfn dinh, n h i l u hg gia (finh d Dong Ky da chuyin td san xufi't dd gd my nghg sang Ifim djch vy cung cfi'p nguyfin Ugu vfi thu mua san phtfm dd gd d l ban cho cac thj trUdng trong vfi ngofii nude. Theo stf lifiu thtfng kfi ciia ca xa Ddng Quang (gom 3 lfing Ifi: Ding Ky, Trang Ligt vfi Bfnh Ha), thi stf cd sd kinh doanh thddng mgi, djeh vy ca t h i nfim 1999 cd 88 cd sd, dtfn nfim 2002 tfing len 480 cd sd vfi nfim 2004 da len tdi 653 cd sd (29), trong dd Dtfng Ky chitfm stf Idpng Idn (30). Dtfn nfim 2009, Ding Ky dfi cd tdi 718 cd sd kinh doanh thdcJng mgi, djch vy (31).
Khu phtf mdi Dtfng Ky dupc xfiy dyng khang trang, nhitfu ciia hfing gidi thifiu san phim dtf gd dMtjc md ra. Bdn cgnh dd, d khu viic ctfu Ding Ky, dddng (fi vfio khu vi^c ^ n h v&
chda Ddng Ky, nhitfu ciia hang cung ctfp nguyfin ligu gS dd^c md ra. Khach mua hfing ludn nhfin nhjp, gtfm ca ngddi Vifit Nam vii nddc ngofii (chu ytfu lfi thddng nhfin Tnmg Qudc). Hfing ngfiy, hfing hda ra vfio trong lfing ttfp nfip. C^n dddng chfnh cua lai^
thdc sy trd thfinh mgt khu phtf bufin b ^ dich vy stfm utft. Sy ehuyin dtfi sang Ifim thudng mai, djch vy thddng lfi nhflng hfi gi^
dinh cd vj trf l(;fi thtf lfi n^m sat dddng lfii>' ho$c dfi'u thtfu dd0c cac khu dtft trtfng cua
Bi6i ehuy&i hinh ttf cda Itog Btfng Ky.. 33 Ifing. Uu thtf trong phfit t r i l n kinh ttf ciia cfic
hd Ifim thddng mgi, djch vy lfi hdn h4n so vdi cfic hg trdc titfp san xufi't. Lfing Ding Ky trong nhflng nfim gtfn dfiy cd vai trd nhU mpt trung tfim chuyfin cung cfi'p nguyfin Hgu vfi thu gom cfic san phtfm do gd cho cac Ifing d U ^ coi lfi "vg tinh" xung quanh.
Dong Ky lfi mfit lfing ctf d d i n g b^ng sdng Hdng, cd mgt dtf dfin cd dfing ddc, binh qufin rudng dfi't canh tfic rfi't thfi'p, ndng nghigp chi mang lgi mgt phdn thu nhfip trong cudc stfng ciia ngddi dfin ndi dfiy. Tuy nhifin, vdi vi trf dia ly thufin ldi, ngddi dan Ddng Ky da sdm bitft phfit huy ldi thtf vfi dddc bitft den lfi mgt lfing da n g h i trong sutft chieu dfii lich sd.
Trong qua trinh thUc hign doi mdi, ngddi dfin D i n g Ky ludn nhanh nhay trong san xutft, kinh doanh. Ngddi Dong Ky rfi't nfing ddng, ludn hddng tdi vific Ifim gifiu, Ifim fin ldn. Rtft nhitfu ngddi da trd thfinh nhitfu doanh n h a n thfinh dat d <!tja phddng.
Ngddi Dong Ky dang chitfm gifl nghtf mde my nghfi stf mgt trong vdng vfi thj trddng eua hp dang phat t r i l n khfip khu vUc vfi nhitfu nddc trfin thtf gidi.
Nhfin dfin D i n g Ky da vfi dang phat huy lfing nghtf truytfn thtfng chuyen san xutft, kinh doanh do gd theo hddng cdng nghiSp hda hifin dai hda. Nguon t h u nhgp ldn td hoat ddng san xutft, kinh doanh da tgo nfin sd thay doi difin mgo ciia lfing. Ding I ^ ngfiy nay dd^c bitft dtfn lfi mpt trong nhdng CHU THICH
(1). Theo sach Tin ldng xd vd dia da cde tinh Bdc Ky ea& Ngg Vi LiSn thi Dong Ky c6 ten Ifi Dfing Ky (c6n goi Ifi C6i) [Ngg Vi Uln, 7?n ldng xd ud dia da cdc tinh Bdc ky, Nxb. Vfin h6a - Thong tin, Hfi Ngi, 1999, tr. 291. NhUng theo cbting tfii thi Ddng Ky c6 tgn nom lfi lfing Cdi tbi diing hdn vl
lfing gifiu ed nhtft cua mien Bdc, cac hg ddi, nghfio da khdng cdn. Nhiing gia tri van hda truyin thtfng cua lfing qufi vdng Kinh Bdc vdn edn dUpc gin gid vfi phat huy trong bfii canh hign dgi.
Dong Ky td mot lang qufi xd Kinh Bfic vdi dfic dilm rugng ft ngudi dfing da khfing ngdng vddn lfin mgnh mg, dign mgo dja phddng thay doi sfiu sfic. Td mgt Ifing que vtfn vdn phai dya vfio nfing nghigp Ifi chfnh, budc vao thdi ky doi mdi kinh ttf thu cdng nghigp phat t r i l n tgo nfin mgt lfing nghtf sdm ufi't vfi trong khoang mgt thgp nifin trd Igi dfiy. Ding Ky ed difin mgo nhU mpt dd thj cfing thUdng nghigp hign dai vdi nhflng khu cdng nghigp mdi hinh thfinh vfi cac cda hfing d l gd san sfit.
Xay dung ndng thdn mdi lfi mdt chii trUdng ldn cua Dang dUdc t h i hign trong Nghi quytft so 26-NQ/TW ngfiy 05 thfing 8 nfim 2008 cua Hpi nghi Ban Chfi'p hfinh Trung ddng Dang khda X v l nfing nghigp, nfing thon, nfing dan. Chu truong eua Dang da dUdc cy the hda bfing ChUdng trinh myc tifiu Qutfc gia ve xay dung ndng thdn mdi 2010-2020 theo Quytft djnh Stf 800/QD-TTg ngfiy 04 thfing 6 nfim 2010 cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu. Vdi nhflng ktft qua dat dupe ve phat t r i l n kinh ttf vfi vigc gin gifl nhflng gia tri vfin hfia truyen thtfng trong thdi gian qua, Dong Ky ed t h i lfi mgt hinh mdu trong vigc xfiy dUng mfi hinh ndng thdn mdi hifin dgi mfi Dang ta dfi vach.
ngUcfi d&n lfing nfiy diu xac nh^n nhU vgy vk tgn lfing C6i lfi rtft xa I?.
(2). Ngfty 24-9-2008, Cblnh Phii ra Nghi djnh So 01/ND-CP thknh lgp Tbi xi Tilt Sdn. Dong Ky trd thfinb mgt phudng ciia Thi xa Tu Sdn.
(3). Theo GS Trfin Quoc Vugng thi: "C5 Loa -
3S Rghifln c d u L | c h ad', atf 7.2012
Dgng Anh \k miSn gifip ranh t n m g du - ddng b&ng - dinh thd bai cda tam giAc chflu th^ sdng Hdng"
[Trdn Qu6c Vu^ng, Vi4t Nam cdi nhin dfa • vdn hda.
Nxb. Vfln hfia Dfln tgc, Hfl Ngi, 1998, tr. 101-102].
(4). Con e6ng nilty nay khfing cdn nQa.
(5). Theo djo b? Gia Long 4 (1806), Ddng Ky trong ttfng sfi* 444 miiu, 4 sflo, 7 thudc, 3 ttfc dtft rugng chl cb 40 mJiu, 4 sflo, 13 thudc, 3 UTc dift rugng logi 1 (khoing 9% dign Uch dfl't); logi 2 c6 182 mSu. 8 sflo, 10 thudc (chitfm 41,1%); lo^i 3 c6 219 m i u , 13 thudc (chi^m 49,2%). Nhu vfly, dfl't lofi t^t d Ddng Ky chitfm stf lUc^Qg n h i , trong khi d6 lofi dfl't xA'u (dfl't thjt) chitfm stf lu^ng ldn lfl mgt khd khfln trong vigc canh tflc ciiu ngucli dfln.
(6), (7). Dm bg Gia Long ndm tha 4 (1805), q2953, Trung tflm LUu trtt Qufic gia 1.
(8). Vd diidng thdy, nlim sflt bd plila Dfing ciia dfing sfing Ngu Huygn Khd, ntfu ngui^ ldn phia Dfing Bdc sd tdi song C&u. Td sdng Cdu ntfu xudi theo hudng Ddng Nam lfl dtfn Pha l ^ i (cdn g^i lfl Lyc Ddu Giang, ndi h ^ luu cua cac eon sdng nhU: sdng Cdu, sdng ThUdng, sdng Dutfng, sdng Kmh Thfly, sdng Lyc Nam vfl sdng Thai Blnh), ti» dd tda di nhidu hudng khac nhau nhu ngUi^ sdng TbUdng, sdng Lyc Nam len man Bflc Giang, Lang Sdn ho$c theo nhanh rhfnh eiJa sdng Thai Bluh ra biln; ndu ngiA^ len hudcg Tfiy Bdc se ldn viing Bdc Giang, Thiii Nguyen, Bflc Cgn.
Ve du&ng bd, Ddng Quang nAm sfit ductag Qufic Ig IA vfl dudng sdt Hfl Ngi - L ^ g Sdn, lfl nhdng huytft m^ch giao thdng quan tnjng ndi vdi cflc rinh vting Ddng Bdc vfl ciia t h d u T i n Thanh (L^ing Sdn); cd Dudng 295 ntfi td Qudc Ig IA ldn viing Higp Hda (Bdc Giang), noi vdi Di^ng 18 rS theo hudng Tfiy Nam ra nga ba Phil Ld, ndi kh6i dflu ciia d i ^ n g Qudc Ig 2 ldn cac dnh Hfl Giang, Tuydn Quang, U o CaL Td P h a Lfl ngU(?c h i ^ n g Bdc ldn cac tinh Thfli Nguyen, Bdc Cgn, Cao Bdng. Ddng Q u a i ^ ndm tren tryc tinh Ig 232 ntfi cac xa trong huygn n h u Phii Khd, HifiJng M^c, Ddng Quang, IMnh Bang, Phii Chdn, Tfln Hdng.
(9), (11), (15), (17). U Hdng LJ: Vdn hda truyin thing ldng Ddng Ky. Xb. Vign Nghien cflu vfln hda dan gian. H i Ngi, 1999, tr. 25, 25, 26, 26.
(10), (14), (18). Nguyfin Xufln Hoan: Qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt triin cda m^t ldng nghigS my ngh4 Ddng Ky. Ttfp chl Xoa vd Nay, stf 293, (2007), tr. 26-28.
(12), (13), (19), (28). Dflng iiy, Hgi ddng nhfin dfln, l)y ban Nhfln dfln xfl Ddng Quang: Lpch aQxa Bdng Quang, Nxb. VAn hda Dfln tgc, Hfl Ngi, 2006, tr.162-163, 1 5 7 , 2 0 4 , 2 4 4 .
(16). Theo cflc cy cao t u l i kd l^i, Iflng Ddng Ky ed nghd chfli ludi t d rfi't sdm, ttl trUdc Cflch m^ng thflng Tflm 1945.
(20), (21). Dflng Cgng san Vigt nam: Vdn kiin Ddng todn tdp. tflp 62, Nxb. Chfnh tr) Qudc gia, Hfl Ngi, 2007, tr. 701, 704.
(22). Trong 2 nflm 1996-1997, xfl Ddng Quang dfl diiu t u xfly dyng d Ddng Ky 9.200m' kenh mUdng.
Trong 2 nflm 1998-2000, Ddng Ky dfl hofln thign h$
thtfng thiiy ndng ngi ddng, dflo ddp d u ^ 14.502 m' dd didu, bd viing bd thiia. Nflm 2000, xa Ddng Quang dflu til 758 tiigu ddng Iddn ctf hda 1000m kdnh mUdng d Ddng Ky CTheo Bao cflo cong tflc cflc nflm til 1996 ddn 2000 ciia x i Ddng Quang).
(23). Bdo cdo cda Ban qudn ly cdc HTX ndng nghidp ui cdng tdc son xuit ndng nghiip nam 1986, Hd sd stf 716, Luu trii huygn Tien Du, dnh B^c Nuih.
(24). Bdo cdo cda Phbng NOng nghiip huyin Tiin Sdn ndm 1989, Hd sd stf 891, Luu trO huygn Tidn Du, tinh Bdc Ninh.
(26). (27), (31). Phdng Thtfng kg Thj xa Tit Sdn:
Niin gidm thing ktthtxdTa Son 2tX}5-2009, nflm 2010. tr. 20, 38-40, 56.
(26). Tfnh dtfn thdi d i l m n i m 1993, bhih qufln dign tfch dtft canh tflc/nhfin khdu b Ddng Ky chi cd khofing 250m*.
(29). l>y ban Nhfln dfln huygn TCt Sdn: JTiOc trgng kinh li-xdhdiTH San tQ 1999 • 2004, tfy bon nhfln dfln huygn Td Sdn xufl't ban, 2005, tr. 96.
(30). Chdng tdi khdng cd d u i ^ stf ligu cy t h i vd stf cd sd thudng moi, djeh vy cua Iflng £>diig K^.
Tuy nhidn, theo q u a n sflt ciia chiing tdi, hai Iflng Trang Ligt vfl Bdih Hg cd stf cd sd t h u d n g mqi, djch vy chitfm stf lu^ng ft hdn rtft nhidu so vdi Ddng I^-