MOTMHiHUWUIYailtTHJlO -Stf 2/2019
THIfC TRANG CHIANG TRJNH DAY BlTl BAN OAU CHO THE EM 7 - 8 TUOi CAC TJNH, THANH PHO MiEN BAC
Le Du'c L o n g * Tom tat:
Vipc tim hiiu cac chuong trinh day boi ban diiu cho tre em 7 - 8 tuoi d cac tinh, thanh ph6 Mi4n Bac ve cac npi dung nhu: Loai chuong trinh; mgc dich, muc tieu, yeu cau; phan phoi vd hinh thi>c, phuong phap d^y hpc cd vai trd quan trpng. TCr do cd t h i ddnh gid dung thu-c trang cdc chuang trinh dang su dgng, gdp phIn x3y dung chuong trinh d^y boi ban dau phO hgp vd cd hi^u qua.
TCP khoa: Thy^ trang. chuong trinh dgy boi ban 6ku, tre em 7 - 8 bj6i, cdc ttnh, thdnh pho Mi4n Bdc...
Status of initiai teaching swimming program for children 7-8 years old in Northen provinces and cities
Summary:
The study of initial teaching swimming programs for children 7-8 years in Northen provinces and cities on the content such as: Type of program; goals, objectives, requirements; Distribution and fomi, teaching methods play an important role. From there, it is possible to properly assess the situation of the programs being used, contributing to building an effective initial teaching swimming program.
Keywords: Current situation, Initial swimming program, children 7 - 8 years old, Northern provinces , ^ ^ | • - ^
OAT VAN OE
Tb\rc tien the tbao thanh tich cao eua cdc nude cd phong trao boi manh da chung td, d^y boi bai ban cho tre em ngay tir 7 - 8 tudi se tao dugc tien de tdt de cd dugc thanh tich cao sau nay. Vi vay, ngdy cdng cd nhieu nude coi trong viec day boi ban ddu d nhdm tudi ndy.
De cd the xdy dung chuong trinh day boi ban ddu phu hgp vd ed hieu qua vdi tre em 7 - 8 tudi d cde tinh, thanh phd Mien Bac, tbi viec danh gia thue tiang cdc chuong trinh dang sii dung cd y nghia quan tiong. Tir dd cd the xay dung dugc chuong trinh day boi ban ddu tre em 7 - 8 tudi hgp ly, cd tinh khoa hgc, cd tinh kha thi, gdp phdn nang cao chat lugng hgc boi vd thdnh tich boi cho ddi tugng nay.
PHlTtiNG PHAP N G H I E N CUfU
Trong qua trinh nghien ciiu chiing tdi sii dung cae phuong phdp nghien ciiu sau:
Phuong phap phan tich vd tdng hgp tai lieu;
phucmg phdp phdng vdn tpa dam; phuong phdp
,,mmmmmmmmmtmmmmiMki^
quan sat su pham; phuong phap chuyen gia;
phuong phap kiem tra su pham; phuong phap thue nghiem su pham vd phuong phdp todn hpc thdng ke.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUfO VA BAN LUAN 1. ThiFC trang sir dung cac c h y a n g trinh day bo'i ban dau cho tre em 7 - 8 tuoi v cac CLB, Trung tam bo'i cac tinh, thanh pho IVIien Bac
Thue trang cac chuong tiinh day boi ban dau cho tre em 7 - 8 tudi d Mien Bac ndi rieng va ca nude ndi chung, hien dang phd bien ap dung 3 loai chuong trinh gdm: Chuong trinh 60 tiet day 2 kieu boi (Boi ech va trudn sap); Chuong trinh 90 tiet day 2 kieu boi (Boi Ech va Trudn sdp); Chuong tiinh 120 tiet day 3 kieu boi (Boi Ech va Trudn sap, Trudn ngira). Can ndi them rang mdi budi hpc tuong iing vdi 2 tiet hpc, mdi tiet hpc khoang 30 - 45 phiit.
Tien hanh khao sat thdng qua phieu hdi cde chuyen gia, cdc nhd qudn ly mdn boi, GV, HLV
"ThS, Trudng Bgi hpc TDTT Bac Ninh; Email: [email protected]
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
tai 13 CLB va Trang tam the thao co dao t^o Hoa...vdi npi dung vi cac chuong trinh dang sii mon bai thupc cac tinh, thanh phd Miin BSc dying trong dao tao ngu6n tuySn chon cho giai gom: Ha Npi, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, Hai doan huan luyen ban dau cua don vi minh.
Ducfng, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Phii Tho, Thanh Ket qua duoc trinh bay a bang 1.
Bang 1. ThvFC trying su' dung chu'ong trinh d^y bci ban dau o* cac CLB, Trung tam bai cdc tinh, thanh pho Mi^n Bac (n=13) Lo^i hinh chiroug trinh
Chuong trinh 60 tiet Day 2 Ideu boi (E, TS)
Chuong trinh 90 ti6t Day 2 Id^u boi (fi, TS)
Chuang trinh 120 tijt Day 3 IciSu bai (E, TS, N)
Mirc dd sir di^ng Thudng xuySn
mi
4 7 2
T y l | % 30.77 53.85 15.38
It sv dung
mi
2 4 2
Tylf%
15.38 30.77 15.38
KhSng sir dyng
nii
7 2 9
Tylf%
53.85 15.38 69.24 Qua bang 1 ebo thdy: Cdc CLB, Tmng tam boi
cdc tinh, thanh phd mien Bae chua cd su thdng nhat tiong viec sii dung ehuong trinh dao tao day boi ban ddu eho ti-e em 7 -8 hidi. Cd 4/13 CLB (chiim ty le 30,77%) sii dimg ehuong trinh 60 tiet day 2 kieu boi, cd 7/13 CLB (chiSm ty le 53,85%) sir dung chuong trinh day boi 90 tiSt day 2 kieu boi (Boi ech va trudn sdp). Ngodi ra, cd 2 CLB (chiem ty le 15,38%) sir diong chuong trinh 120 tiet day 3 kieu boi mpt each thudng xuyen.
Tir ket qud nay, da ndi len tinh tdn man tiong viec sii dung chuong trinh day boi ban ddu. Dac biet Id ehuong tiinh 120 tiet day 3 kieu boi (Boi Ech va Trudn sap, Trudn ngua) cd den 9 CLB, Trung tdm chiem ty le 69,24% khdng su dung.
2. ThLFC trang viec xac djnh muc dtch, muc tieu va yeu cau trong cac chu'O'ng trinh day bci ban dau o* cac CLB, Trung tam bo'i cac tinh, thanh pho IVIien Bac
Ddnh gid thue trang muc dich, muc tieu vd yeu cdu ciia cdc chuong tiinh day boi ban ddu ciia 13 CLB, Trung tam boi cac tinh, thanh phd Mien Bae. Ket qud dugc tiinh bay d bdng 2.
Tir kk qua khao sdt timh bay d bdng 2 cho thdy:
Ve viec xac dinh muc dich: Ca ba chuong trinh cd cimg muc dich. Digu nay phu hgp vdi yeu cau chung cua ehuong trinh Id tao moi trudng de tre hoc Id tai nang the thao phuc vu cho cdng tdc tuyen chgn vdo dao tao giai doan huan luyen ban ddu.
v l muc tieu dao tao: Cd thi thdy rd su khdc
biet ciia loai chuong trinh 60 tiet va 90 tiet vdi chuong trinh 120 tiet. Su khac biet the hipn chu yeu d so lugng kieu boi dugc day khac nhau:
Chuong trinh 60 tilt vd 90 tiet chi day 2 kiSu boi (boi ech vd boi trudn sdp, trong khi dd chuong trinh 120 tiet day 3 kieu boi (Them boi ngua).
Ve yeu cau ddo tao: Cu ly boi eua cd 3 loai chuong trinh cung cd su khdc biet. Chuong tiinh 60 tiet boi dugc ey ly 25m; Chuong trinh 90 tiit boi dugc eu ly 35m; Chuong trinh 120 tiet boi dugc cu ly 50m. Tir do ciing cd sir khdc biet vi chi tieu thanh tich. Nhu vay, ySu cdu cd su khdc nhau rd ret, chua thong nhat vd chua phu hgp di tiep cdn vdi yeu cau ndng luc chuyen mdn eua VDV d giai doan tuyen ehpn ban ddu. Rieng chuong trinh 120 tiet vdi cdc mue tieu, yeu cdu de ra deu ed the tiep cdn tdt hon dugc vdi cdc chi tieu tuyen chgn boi ban dau hien nay d nude ta.
3. Thirc trang noi dung vd phan phoi thd'i gian giang d^y cua cac chu'O'ng trinh d^y bo'i ban dau cho tre em 7 - 8 tuoi a cac CLB, Trung tam bai cac tinh, thanh pho Mien Bac Danh gia thue trang phan phoi thdi gian giang day cdc Ideu boi ti-ong chuong trinh d^y boi ban ddu trong cac CLB, Trung tdm boi cac tinh, thanh phd Mien Bac. Ket qua duge trinh bay tai bang 3.
Qua bdng 3 cho thdy:
Ba loai chuong trinh dang dugc cac CLB, Trung tdm bgi d Miin Bdc sii dung di day boi ban ddu ebo tre em 7 - 8 tudi ed su khdc biet ro
BATTAOVS HUM! UIYBUIIE THAO - 5 0 2 / 2 0 1 9 Bang 2. Thire trang vi§c xac djnh muc dich, muc tieu va yeu cau cac chu'O'ng trinh day
bo'i ban dau cua cac CLB, Trung tam bo'i cac tinh, thanh pho IMien Bac
Noi dung^
khao sat Chu'O'ng
trinh ChiK^ng trinh 60 tilt (Day 2 kieu bai)
Chu-cng trinh 90 tiet {Day d^y 2 kieu boi)
Chu'O'ng trinh 120 tiet (Day day 3 kieu bo'i)
MLIC iJfch cOa chuang trinh
Tgo moi truang 6e tre boc 10 tai nang the thao phyc vy cho cong tac tuyen chqn vao dao tao giai (Joan ML ban 6ku VDV Bai
Tao moi tru'O'ng de tre b6c \d tai nang the thao phuc vu cho c6ng tac tuyen chon vao dao tao giai doan HL ban 6ku VDV Bai
Tao moi tripong de tre bQc 16 tai nang the thao phyc vu cho cong tac tuyen chon vao dao tao giai doan HL ban dau VDV Bai
Muc dich cua 3 chyang trinh
ia giong nhau
1. Trang bj cho cac em nam vOng ky thu#t bai 2 kieu bai tru'an sap, bai ech va xuat phat tren bye
1. Trang bj cho cac em nIm v&ng ky thugt bai 2 kieu bai tni'o'n sap, bai ech va xuat phat tren buc
1. Trang bj cho cac em nam vOng ky thuat bai 3 kieu bat tru'an sap, bai ech, bai ngija va xuat phat tren buc, quay vong vung tay
l\/1uc tieu dao tao
2. Bu-ac dau tgo dyng sy ham thich tap luyen mon bai
3. Bade dau n§ng cao cac to chat the iu'c chung
2. Tao du'ng sy manh dan va sy ham me tap luyen mon bai 3. Bu'ac dau phat then cac to chat the iyc chung
2. Tac dyng sy manh dan va sy ham me tap luy§n m6n bai 3. Bu'ac dau phat then cac to chat the iyc chung
Chya CO chu'ang trinh
day bai dat ra muc ti§u cao, tiep can
vai yeu cau VDV bai cac nu'ac CO nen
bai phat triln
1. Ve ky thuat. Nim vDng ky thuat ca ban 2 kieu bai ech va tru'an sap
1. Ve ky thuat: Nam vO-ng ky thu$t ca ban 2 kieu bai ech va tru'an s l p
1. Ve ky thuat: Nam vijng ky thuat ca ban 3 kilu bai Ich, tru'an sap va bai ngfra
2. Ve cy iy. Bai du'O'c cy ly toi thilu 25m 2 kilu bai ech va tru'an sap
2. V l cy ly: Bai du'O'c cy ly toi thieu 35m 2 kieu bai ech va tru'an sap
2 Ve cy ly: Bai daac cy ly toi thilu 50m 3 kilu bai ech, bai traan sap va tru'an ngi>a
Yeu cau dao tao 3. Thanh tich bai
* Nam
• Bai 25 m ech dat 60s tra len
- Bai 25m tru'an sap dat 50s trd- \&n - Xuat phat tren buc xa 6m - 25m tru-dn sap dat 1' tra len
- Bai 25 m Ich dat r05s tra l&n
- Xuat phat tren buc xa 5m
3. Thanh tich bai
* Warn
- Bai 35 m Ich d?t 60s tra len - Bai 35m tru'an sap dat 50s tra len - Xuat phat tren buc xa 6m
*Nu-
- Bai 35 m ech dat 1 '05s tra len - 35m traan sap dat 1' tra len
- Xuat phat tren buc xa 5m
3, Thanh tich bai
* Nam
- Bai 50 m Ich dat 1 '30"
tra len
- Bai 50m trao'n s l p dat 1'30"tra!§n - Bai 50 m ngOa dat 1'30"tralen - Xuat phat tren bye xa 6m
'NiP
- Bai 50 m ech dat 1' 35 tra len
- Bai 50m tru'an sap dat 1'35"tralen - Bai 50 m ngu'a dat 1 '35 tra len
- Xuat phat tren buc xa Chi CO chaang trinh
dgy bai 120 tilt mo'i tilp can du'O'c n6i dung v§
yeu cau trong tuyin chon dao tao
tieu chuan tuyen chon cac nu'ac co nen bai tien
tiin
B & I B A O KHOA HOC
Bang 3. Npi dung va phan phoi thoi gian ciJa cac chirong trinh d^y bvi ban dau cho tri em 7 - 8 tuoi p cac CLB, Trung tam bci cac tinh, thanh ph6 Mien Bac
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
^~~^^^ Phan ph6i gifr Npi dung ^^^-~,^
Lam quen nuac Dpng tac chan Dong tac chan ket hop thcf Dong tac tay
Tay phoi hgp voi tho Tay phoi hop voi chan Phoi hgp toan bo Hoan thien ky thuat Ky thuat xuat phat Kiem tra
T6ng
Chircmg trinh 60 tiet Bffi ech 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 30
TriroD s4p
0 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 2 2 30
ChiroBg trinh 90 tiit Bod Ich 6 6 2 4 4 2 8 8 2 2 45
Tririm sap
0 4 2 6 6 2 8 12 4 2 45
Chinmg trinh 120 tiit Boi
ech 6 6 2 4 4 2 6 10 2 2 45
TriroTO sdp
0 4 2 6 6 2 6 14 4 2 45
Tru*n ngira 0 4 0 8 0 2 2 10 2 2 30 ret ve npi dung dao tao cua ba chucmg trinh. Npi
dung chucmg trinh 60 tiet va 90 tiet chi gioi ban giang day cac ky thuat lam quen nuac va cac dong tac cCT ban va dpng tac phoi hpp, ngoai ra con trang bi ky thuat xuat phat tren buc cho cua 2 kieu boi. Doi voi chuong trinh day bai 120 tiet, thi ngoai npi dung giong vai chuong trinh day 60 va 90 tiet, thi con co npi dung day thSm kieu boi ngua va xuat phat boi ngua.
Thai lupng day ky thuat phoi hop toan bp va thoi lugng hoan thien ky thuat cua chuang trinh 120 tiet deu cao hon. Vi vay phu hpp ban hon cac chuang trinh 60 tiet va 90 tiet, boi co the giup hpc sinh hoan thien va nang cao ky thuat, cung nhu the luc tot ban. Tu do cung giup them cho viec nang cao dp chinb xac trong danh gia tiem nang
the thao cua cac em qua qua trinh hpc bai.
4. ThiPC trang su- d^ng cac hinh thiPC dao tao trong chu'O'ng trinh day bo'i ban d4u cho tr6 em 7 - 8 tuoi a cac CLB, Trung tam bai cac tinh, thanh pho IVIien Bac
Danh gia thue trang su dung cac binh thiic dao tao trong chuang trinh day bai ban dau cho tre em 7 - 8 tuoi 6 cac CLB, Trung tam bai cac tinh, thanh pho Mien Bac. Ket qua duoc trinh bay a bang 4.
Qua bang 4 cho th^y: Ca 13 CLB, Trung tSm boi cac tinh, thanh pho Mien Bac sii dung 3 chuang binh day bai deu thuang xuyen su d^ng hinh thiic dao tao day hpc tren lop (100%). Con CO ty le tuong doi cao (46,15%) khong sii dung cac hinh thiic len lop ket hgp tu tap. Co 53,84%
Bdng 4. Thirc trying slf dung cac hinh thirc dao tao trong chirang trinh d^y bci cua cac CLB, Trung tam bai cac tinh, thanh pho Mien Bac (n=13)
Hinh thirc dao t^o
I. Hinh thirc day hoc tren lop 2. Hinh thue len lop ket hgp tu tap 3. Hinh thirc tham gia tap luyen kk hgp thi dau
Mirc do sir dung Thirong xuyen
mi 13
2
Ty 16 % 100
15.36
It sir dung m.
7 4
Ty le %
53.84 30.76
Khdng sir d^ng mi
6 7
Tylf %
46.15 53.84
BAo'TlliivAHaANUIVPiIIETIUO -SD'2/2019 Bang 5. Thyc trang siy dvng cac phu^cng phap day hoc trong thirc hien chu'O'ng trinh djiy
bo'i ban d i u cho trd em 7 - 8 tuoi 6' cac CLB, Trung tam bcri cac tinh, thanh pho iVIien Bac
^~~~^^^ Mirc d8
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ sir dung Cac phuffng pliip"--..,..^^^
d^y bffi ^"^^^.^.^^
Phuong phap giang giai loi noi Phuong phap true quan Phuong phap bai tap Phuong phap tro choi Phuong phap thi ddu
Thuong xuyen
m i
13 13 13 8 0
Tylf % 100 100 100 61.53
0
It sir dung m,
0 0 0 5 4
Ty 1« % 0 0 0 38.46 30.76
Khong sir dung
m i
0 0 0 0 9
Ty le % 0 0 0 0 69.23 SO CLB va Trung tam bai khong tien hanh hinh
thiic to chiic cho cac em tham qua tap luyen ket hpp thi dSu.
5. Thu'c trang sir d^ng cac phirang phap day hoc trong qua trinh thu'c hien chirang trinh d^y bai ban dau cho tre 7 - 8 tu6i a cac CLB, Trung tam bai c^c tinh, thanh pho Mien Bac
De danh gia thirc trgng viec sii dung cac phuang phap day hpc trong qua trinh thue hien chuong trinh, chiing toi tiep tuc tien hanh khao sat qua phieu hoi ve thue trang su dung cac phuong phap day boi trong qua trinh thirc hien chuong trinh day boi ban dau cua ca 13 CLB, Tnmg tam boi cac tinh, thanh ph6 Mien Bac.
Ket qua dupe trinh bay o bang 5.
Qua bang 5 cho thay: Cac phuong phap ma GV, HLV sii dimg trong day boi vin chii yeu la cac phuang phap giang day va hu&n luyen the thao van su dung.
Trong do co 3 phuang phap dupe 100% so dan vi day bai cho tre su dung la: Phuong phap dung loi noi; Phuang phap true quan; Phuang phap bai tap (tap luyen). Trong khi do, phuang phap tro chai chua dup'c sii dung thuang xuyen (61,53%) va phuang phap thi dau co so cac CLB, Trung tam bai khong su dung rat nhieu (69,23%).
Tii do, CO the lam cho cong tac day bai cua cac chuang trinh co the bi kho ciing, khong co tinh da dang, hap dan, mat di tinh ganh dua va danh gia nang luc cua ban than.
KETLUAN
1. Cac CLB, Tnmg tam bai cac tinh, thanh ph6 MiSn Bac dang sii dung cac chuang trinh
day boi ban dau cho tre em 7 - 8 tuoi vai npi dung va phan phoi thoi gian la giang day 2 kieu hoac 3 kiSu bai voi s6 tiSt la tu 60 - 120 tiet.
Chua CO chuong trinh day boi ban dau 4 kieu boi the thao (ThiSu ki8u boi buom) de co the tao ngudn tuy€n chon VDV boi chat lupng va hieu qua hon cho giai doan huan luyen ban dau.
2. Muc dich, muc tieu va yeu cau cua cac chuang trinh chua co s\i thong nhat va chua phu hcrp nham tiep can voi yeu cau nang luc chuyen mon de c6 the tiep can tot ban dupe voi cac chi ti8u tuyen chon VDV bai giai doan huan luyen ban dau hien nay o nuac ta.
3. Hinh thiic, phuong phap day hpc tuang doi hop ly, cac phuang phap nhu: Tro chai va phuong phap thi dau chua duac sii dung nhieu.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Van Trach (1997), Chuang trinh mon hge Bai loi, Nxb TDTT Ha Npi.
2. Nguyen Van Trach (2002), Nhimg tri thue ca bdn trong ddo tgo van dgng viin bai tre, Nxb TDTT Ha Npi.
3. Nguyen Van Trach (1998), Dgy bai cho tre tha, Nxb TDTT Ha Npi.
4. Nguyen Van Trpng (2008), Tuyen chgn vd ddo tgo tdi ndng boi tre, Nxb TDTT Ha Npi.
5. Nguyin Xuan Sinb (1999), Gido trinh phuang phdp nghien cuu khoa hgc TDTT, Nxb TDTT, Ha Npi.
(Bdi ndp ngay 3/4/2019, Phan bien ngay 12/4/2019, duyet In ngdy 26/4/2019)
