KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NGHl
AIMH HUOIMG CUA PHAIM BQIM V A M A T DO TRdl\IG
D £ I \ I IMAIMG S U A T , C H A T LLTOIMG M O T 5 d GidlVG CO I V H A P IMOI T A I TilVH LAI C H A U
NguySn Dilc DOng", Ng6 Diic Minh', NguySn Duy Phuong', NguySn Vin Quang^
T6MTAT
Trong nam 2010, khao nghidm tuy^n chpn cic gi6ng c6 duoc tciin khai t^ii huySn Than Uy6n tinh Lai Chau, trong sd 12 gidng c6 3 gidng Ghine Mombasa, Mulator II va Stylos Ubon phii hop vdi dac 6iim khi hau vi dat dai t^ vimg mii phia Bic, cd ti^m nang cho nang su^t cao, ch^t luong tdt va phii hop vdi tap quan canh tic cua ngudi dan d|a phuong. Vdi muc ti^u phit huy dupe ti^m nang nang suit cia cic gidng duoc tuy^n chpn. trong nam 2011 Uii nghidm vd inh hudng cua phan bdn vi m§t dp ddi vdi 3 gidng cd dupe tuy^n chpn dupe tidp tue thyc hi^n, vdi 4 miic phin bdn va 3 mit dd khic nhau; thi nghidm dupe bd tri Uieo khdi ngiu nhidn hoin chinh (Completed Split-Split Design) vdi 2 nhan td: phan bdn va mit dd. Nang suit sinh khdi chit xanh, nang suit chit khd, protein, cic chi tieu chit lupng cua timg gidng tren cic mdc phan bdn vi mat dp khdc nhau dupe tiieo ddi, ddnh gii. Kdt qui nghidn cdu cho thiy: tang m^t dd gieo trdng da lam tang ham lupng chit thd xo, NDF, ADF trong cd, nhung inh hudng khdng r6 rdt tdi nang suit sinh khdi chit xanh, vi ham lupng protein trong cd do cd xu hudng giim khi tang mit dd trdng; tang lupng phin tidn cho cd inh hudng khdng rO rdt ddn chit lupng trdn ci 3 gidng khio nghidm; mik phin bdn vd mat dd cho nang suit cao nhit li 200 N 1100 P A + 100 KjO kg/ha vdi mit dp 66.660 khdm/ha ddi vdi gidng Ghine Mombasa. Mulator II vi 70 N + 100 PjOs + 100 li,0 kg/ha vdi mit dd 66.660 khdm/ha ddi vdi gidng Stylos Ubon. Ngoai ra, kdt qui cua dd tai da gdp phin tich cyc ddn v i ^ chuydn dich cor ciu sin xuit ndng nghidp ciia dia phuong, tang ngudn cung cip dinh duOng chit xanh tai chd vi chu ddng dupe ngudn thiic an trong mua dong cho chan nuoi gia sue tai huyen Than Uydn. tinh Lii Chau.
Til khda: Gidng cd, mucphin bdn, mitd^ trdng, ning suiit sinti khdi, ciii'tluong.
Bi dam bao sy phit tri^n chin nu6i duoe bSn viing thi can dam bao dugc ngu6n cung cip thiie i n , dd vd sd lupng va chit lupng. Thuc ti cho thiy luong Jhiic i n tho xanh (bao gom phut pham quy ddi) moi
chi dip ling dupe 53,47% tdng nhu ciu thiie i n fli6 xanh ciia d i n gia siic i n co. Theo thdng kd (nim 2005) cua Cue Chin nuoi (Bd Nong nghidp v i J T M ) , sd gia siic i n eo bi thidu nude v i thiic i n or
*:ac tinh duydn hai itaixt Trung l i 458.214 con bd, S54.713 con ti-au va 14.240 con dd, cim [2]. Theo
%dng kd eiia So Ndng nghidp v i PTNT tinh Lai ' t h i u , dpt ret dim, ret hai keo d i i 38 ngiy Udn tiJC jlau nim 2008 d i l i m chdt 9.857 con triu, bd ciia ,(idng din trong tinh m i nguydn nhin chinh chdt do
^61 nhidu hon l i chdt ret... [5].
Didu kidn smh thii d i e tiimg, midn mil phia Bic :6 nhidu tidm ning cho p h i t tiidn chin nudi, die bidt
l i triu (viing Tiy Bic), bd tiiit (vung Ddng Bic).
Nam 2010, Vidn Chin nudi Qudc gia cung kdt hpp vdi Vidn Thd nhudng Ndng hda tidn hanh khao nghidm v i tuydn chpn mdt sd gidng cd nhip ndi phit hpp vdi didu kidn ty nhidn cua vimg mil phia Bic, cd tidm ning cho ning suit cao, dip iing dupe nhu eiu thiic Sn gia siic t ^ eho, dam bio ngudn Ihiic i n du trir ti-ong miia ddng, gdp phin thay ddi din tip quin chin t h i tu nhidn ciia ngudi d i n dia phuong. Trong dd, c i c gidng nhu Ghine Mombasa (Panicum maidmum cv. Mombasa), Mulacto n {Brachiaria ruziziensis xB. decumitens xB. brizantha) (hp hda thio) v i gidng Stylos Ubon (Stylosanthes ubon) (hp diu) l i r i t k h i thi. Dd phit huy ning suit tidm ning cie gidng cd niy, nim 2011 nghidn cim inh hudng eua phin bdn v i mit dp ddn ning suit, chit lu<?ng 3 gidng cd nhip ndi d i ^"^e tridn khai trong didu kidn smh Ihii cda huydn Than Uydn, tinh Lai Chiu.
1. NOI Dim Vi piiiiONG n w NGHfiii niu
1. Cic ndi dung thuc hidn
- Cic mile phin bdn sir dung trong flu nghidm;
Vien Thd nhudng Ndng hda - Vidn KHNN Vidt Nam Vidn Chan nudi Qudc gia
.JONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - Kt 2 - THANG 10/2012
65
KHOA HOC CdNGNGHl
Cdng thiic CTl CT2 CT3 CT4
Cho gidng Ghine Mombasa, Mulacto 11 (kir/ha)
N 120 160 200 240
P , 0 , 60 80 100 120
K,0 60 80 100 120
Cho gidng 1 Stylos Ubon (kg/ha)
N 30 50 70 90
P^O, 60 80 100 120
K,0 ' 60 80 100 120 - Cac mat dd ti-ong thi nghidm (khoang cich
giua hing - khdm cm): MD 1: 50 - 20 cm (100.000 khdm/ha); MD 2: 50 - 30 cm (66.660 khdm/ha); MD 3: 50 - 40 cm (50.000 khdm/ha).
Gidng h-ong thi nghidm: Ghine Mombasa, Mulacto II (hp hda tiiio), Stylos Ubon (hp diu) (li dupe hiydn chpn tir till nghidm vd gidng nim 2010.
2. Phuong phip nghidn cOm a. Phuong phip bd tri thi nghidm
Thi nghidm dupe bd tii theo khdi ngiu nhidn hoin chinh (Completed Split-Split Design) vdi 2 nhin td phan bdn v i mit dd. Didn tich cho mdt didm tiii nghidm vi dai bao vd li 1.500 m^. Thdi vu gieo tidng tu tiling 4 kdt tiiiic tiling 12 nim 2011. Thi nghidm duoc bo tii tai xa Mudng Kun, huydn Than Uydn, tinh Lai Chau.
* Cac chi tidu theo ddi:
- Tinh chat ly hda hpc cua dit d diem thi nghidm.
- Sd lira cit tiong nSm Oiia/nim): Tdng sd liia cd thu/cit dupe tiong mdt ndm ciia mdi gidng tiong thi nghiem.
- Nang suit xanh (tin/ha/nim): tdng khdi lupng chat xanh ciia cic liia thu c i t tiong 1 nim tidn didn tich d thu hoach, quy ra hecta (Khi khao sit, cat bd phan ciy ngoai Id (0,5 m) d 4 phia cua d thi nghidm).
- Nang suit chat khd (tin/ha/nam): dupe tinh dua tidn ndng suit chat xanh va phan tram VCK theo cdng tiiiic NSCK (%) - NSCX x 91 VCK.
Bing 1: Mpt sd tinh chit dit tiTtdc thi nghidm
- Ning suit protein (tin/ha/nim) - X proteins NSCK.
- Thinh phin hda hoe ciia cd: Miu c6 dugc thu cit tiong miia mua, d 35 ngiy tudi vdi gidng hda ftio vi 45 ngiy hidi vdi gidng hp diu.
b. Phuang phip phin tich
Miu dit: chi tidu phin tich bao gdm thinh ph^
CO gidi, pH, OC, N, PjOs, K2O tdng sd va il Bh, Ca'*, Mg'*, CEC v i dupe phin tich ttieo cac Tifti chuin nginh (TCN) tai Bd mdn Sir dyng dit, Vijn Thd nhudng Ndng hda.
Miu cd: c i e chi tidu protein tiid, xo thd dupe phin Uch flieo phuong phip eiia AOAC (AssodaUon of Official Analytical Chemists, 1995) [1] vi TCVN tuong ling. Chi tidu ADF xic dinh theo phuong phap ciia Goering and Van Soest (1970) v i NDF xac dinli flieo phuong phip Van Soest v i cdng su (1991) [31,[6]. Phan tich fliinh phin h o i hpc cua co duK tidn hinh tai Phdng Phin tich Thiie an vi San pham Chan nudi ciia Vidn Chin nudi Qudc gia.
c. Phirong phip xulysdU^u
Sd Udu dupe tdng hpp v i xii ly ttidng kd tren chuong timh Excel v i SPSS.
a. KfT QUA NGHfN CUU Vii nUO LIMN 1. D$c didm e i e tinh c h i t d i t dia vimg nghUn eiiu
Ky hidu man Mudng Kim 1 Mudng Kim 2 Mudng Kim 3 Trung binh Dd Idch chuan
pH KCl 4,35 4,28 4,43 4,35 0,075
Hfi 5,63 5,86 5,78 5,76 0,117
Tdng sd (%) OC
2,26 2,23 2,45 2,31 0,119
N 0,167 0,189 0,176 0,18 0,011
Pfis 0,142 0,130 0,128 0.13 0,008
K^
0,556 0,668 0,578 0,60 0,059
DS tidu (mg/l_M_
Pfi.t 6,45 8,18 7,89 7,51 0,927
Kfi
17,89 19,86 16,98 18,24 1,472 Kdt qua phin tich dit ting 0 - 20 em tai ban Ludt k h i (OC tii 2,23 - 2,45%), dam tdng sd * miic trang - xa Mudng Kim - Than Uydn cho thiy: dit ttiit pha binh (N tii 0,167 - 0,189%), lin tdng sd v i lin dSM"' set, chua den r i t chua (pHjci tii 4,28 - 4,43; pH„jo tii muc trung binh; kaU tong sd v i dS tidu d mii^l 5,63 - 5,86), h i m lupng cic bon him co tdng sd d miie
66
NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY- 2 - THANG lO/aMJKHOA HQC C O N O NGHt
nh; Ca'* v i Mg'* d miic trung binh ddn cao. Kha ndng tiao ddi cation (CEC) d miic thip.
B i n g 2: Mdt sd tinh chit dit tiiide tiii nghidm (tidp) Ky hidu miu
MudfngKiml Mudng Kim 2 Mudng Kim 3 Trung binh Dd l^h chuan
meq/lOOg Ca-' 3,76 3,38 3,45 3,53 0,202
Mg' 2,08 2,17 2,16 2,14 0,049
CEC 9,68 10,52 9,98 10,06 0,426
Thinh phin cip hat (%
Sit
<0,002mm 32,0 35,3 34,6 33,97 1,739
limon 0,002-0,02 nun
27,5 28,4 30,2 28,70 1,375
Cit 0,02-2nmt
40,5 36,3 35,2 37,33 2,797 Bing 3: Anh hudng ciia phin bdn vi mit dd ddn ndng suit chit xanh (tin/ha/nim) ciia cic gidng cd
khio nghidm 2. Anh hudng ciia m i l dd v i phin bdn tdi ning
uitcd
Theo ddi ndng suit chit xanh qua cic liia thu lo^ch trong nim cda eie gidng co trdn cic miie phin )dn v i mdt dp khic nhau duge thd hidn tidn bing 3.
Vdi gidng cd Ghine Mombasa, m i t dd inh ludng ddn nang suit sinh khdi rd rdt tidn tit c i cic niic phin bdn, ndng suit eao nhit trdn MD2 (66.660 didm/ha), tiep ddn MDI (100.000 khdm/ha) v i tiiip ihit tidn MD3 (50.000 khdm/ha). Khi so sinh tidn :ung cic mat dd ve sy t i e ddng eua cic miic phin ldn khic nhau cho tiiay: d mdt dd 1 (MDI) miie ihin bdn eho ning suit cd Ghine Mombasa cao nhit 'k CT4 (240 N + 120 PjOs + 120 KjO kg/ha), tiong ihi dd miic phin bdn d cac cdng thiie CTl, CT2, CT3 V khic nhau vd nang suit khdng cd y nghla. O mat Id 2 (MD2), ning suit chat xanh ti-dn c i c miic phin ldn khic nhau cd su khic bidt rO rdt, cao nhat tidn
«rr3, tidp ddn la CT2 v i fliip hon d CTl va CT4. O nit dp 3 (MD3), cac miie phin bdn khie nhau cho lang suit khic nhau, cao nhat trdn CT4 va giam dan heo lupng phin bdn (CT3, CT2, CTl).
Vdi gidng eo Mulah) II, m i t dp i n h hudng ddn ing suit chat xanh rO rdt tidn tat c i cic miie phin Jon, MD2 (66.660 khdm/ha) eho ning suit eao nhit,
*|dp ddn la MDI v i fliap n h i t ti-dn MD3. Khi so sanh 'Sng suit tidn cimg mat dp, d mit dd 1 ning suit d ' J c miie phan bdn khic nhau cho ning suit khic -jlau, cao nhit d CT4 (78,3 t i n chat xanh/ha) v i ''ftig suit chat xanh cd xu hudng giim dan khi giim rpng phan bon (CT3, CT2, CTl). O MD2, nang suat -'10 nhat tren CT3 (98,0 tin chit xanh/ha), hep den
CT4 va CT2, thip nhat d CTl. 6 IV1D3, nSng suat 10 nhat tien CT4 va nang suit cd xu huong giam in theo viec giam luong phan bdn (CT3, CT2, CTl).
,,;6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON • KY 2 - THANG 10/2012 Gidng/Mat
dp
Muc phan bdn
CTl CT2 1 CT3 CT4
Gidng Ghine Mombasa MDI MD2 MD3 CV(%)
53.0b 76,3c 41,7a
56,3b 82,0c 48,3a
59,0b 90,7c 54,8a
70,3b 79,0c 67,3a 2,748
3.019 Gidng Mulato II
MDI MD2 MS3 CViJl)
60,0b 75,3c 48,0a
66,3c 80,7b 56,7a
70,7a 98,0b 70,0a
78,3a 87,7b 78,7a 2.441
2,998 Gidng Stylos Ubon
MDI MD2 MD3 CV(%) Lsd„«i
48,7a 66,3c 56,0b
54,0a 77,3c 60,0b
60,7a 87,7c 67,7b
67,3a 74,3b 69,7a 2,487
2.772
Ghi chu: Ap difng so sinh Duncan khi so sinh ning suat chat xanh giua cic mit do tren cung muc phin bdn
Vdi gidng co hp d i u Stylos Ubon, tidn cic miie phin bdn, mjt dd inh hudng rd rdt tdi ndng suit chit xanh, cao nhat tidn MD2, tidp den l i MD3 v i fliap nhit tidn MDI. Khi so sinh su tic ddng cua cic muc phan bdn khic nhau tidn cimg cie mat dd cho tiiiy, MDI cho ning suit eao nhat it miic phin bdn CT4 v i giam din ciing vdi lupng phin bdn ( C n , CT2, CTl).
6 MD2, ndng suit cao nhit tidn CT3, tidp den l i CT2 vi CT4 va tiiip nhit tien CTl. O MD3, ning suit cao nhit tidn CT4 v i cd xu hudng giam din vdi miie phin bdn (CT3, CT2 v i CTl).
Kdt q u i dinh g i i vd t i c ddng cua phin bdn v i m4t dp ddn ning suit chit xanh cda cic gidng cd khio nghidm tai huydn Than Uydn, tinh Lai Chiu
67
KHOA HQC C 6 M 0 M 0 H (
cho tiliy miie phin bdn vi mit dd phd hpp nhit vdi
gidng Ghine Mombasa vi Mulati) II (hp hda Ulio) li tidng d MD2 (66.670 khdm/ha) vi miic bdn li CT3 (200 N + 100 PjOs + 100 KjO kg/ha). Vdi gidng hp diu Styps Ubon miic phin bdn vi mit dd phii hpp, cho ndng suit eao nhit li CT3 (70 N + 100 PjOs + 100
KjO kg/ha) vi mit dd 2 (66.660 khdm/ha).
3. Anh hudng ciia m4t dd vi phin bdn ddocU lugng gidng Ghine Mombasa vi Mulato n ^
Cic chi tidu vd chit lupng ciia gidng Ghm Mombasa vi Mulato II dugc phin tich (Bing J cho thiy:
Gidng v&
c^c muc ph&n btin
B&nK 4: Anh hirdnc cua phSn b6n vi.
Xothfi(KTLkh*) MDI ^D2 MD3 TB
NDF(5erLkhA) MDI MD2 bk1D3 r B
GU CTl
CT2 CT3 CT4 CV06) Lsd 0.05
39,48 37,05 39,39 38,09
41,34 39,39 42,32 41,88
52,85 48,93 50,51 50,18
44,56 41,79 44.07 43,38 1,87 1,62
71.84 70,69 70,61 69,93
73,07 71,93 72,76 71,22
82,98 79,56 75,84 76,39
75,9«
74,0«
73,07 72,5
2,33 3,43
m$t d4 d^n ch^t lugng m^t a6 gidng
A D F W ' a k W ' MDI MD2 MD3 TB
VCK(KTLkh6 MDI MD2 MD3 TB
c6
ProleinthOflt'n.H.Ai MDI MD2 Mfi3 7B
RK Ghtne Mombana 41,2C 40,8f 39,3E 39.83
43.12 42,02 40,32 41,74
47,25 47,21 46,86 45,37
43,86 43,37 42,19 42,31 1,53 1,31
15,41 13,96 14,15 15,12
18,68 17,88 19,36 18,36
2 1 ^ 18,48 20, K 22,98 22.79
17,31 18,83 18,76 4,26 1,56
10,90 10,88 10,60 10,39
9,83 9,68 10,85 11,83
e,(B 6 ^ 9,91 12,4!i
n n
10,<l
m m
Jj al6ne Mulato II
CTl CT2 CT3 CT4 CV(96) Lsd 0.05
34.44 30,78 28,98 30,84
30,36 34,38 29,64 34,50
46,14 43,78 38,76 45,46
36.98 36,31 32,46 36,93 5,94 4,24
66,68 64,89 63,82 64.76
70,73 67,48 68,06 69,85
79,96 76,26 73,70 71,98
1
72,4r 69,54 68,53 68,8fi 2,5 3,E
33,73 33,38 31,65 32,34
37,22 37,52 36,42 35,17
42,45 41,89 39,00 40,25
37,80 37,60 35,69 35,92 1,78 1,35
16,04 14.72 16,49 15,67
16,10 15,10 16.92 17,09
19,48 17.21 18,98 16,27 19,58 17,66 21,45 18.07 4,.39 1,51
13,94 13,28 13,72 13,92
13,95 14,09 15,12 14,54
634 9.29 Wi Mn 12iC m 12.S3 M
iVff i,iG
Gii tii ADF vi NDFli chisddo lupng ch^txacua cd. Cic gii trj niy rit quan trpng vilidn quan d^kba ning tidu hda thuc in thd xanh cua vit nudi NDF (Neutral Detergent Fibre - xa tnmg tinh): li t^ng lupng sa cua thtic Sn thd xanh, bao gdm hemixenluld (phin di tieu hda nhit), xenluld vi linhin (phin ihd tUu nliit).
Gii tii NDF ludn ldn hon him Itrpngxa thd Irong cung mdt miu thuc in. Gii trj xa trung tinh rit quan ifqr tiong xiy dung khiu phan in cho vit nudi bdi vigii tri niy phin inh lugng thuc in ddng vitcdth^tHatli!
duoc (Goering vi Van Soest, 1970) [31. ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber-xa axit): gii triniydicipd&dc^
vach tdbio cua thuc in thd xanh dupe tao thinh tir xenluld vi linhin. M$c du ddng vit nhai 1^ nha Iran bdco dii tidu hda dupe chit xa nhd VSV trong da diy nhung xenluld vi linhin vin Ii nhung can trddii vdi VSVdi cd. Do viy, xa axit dupe coi Ii thinh phin khd tidu ddi vdi ddng v$t nhai 1^. Khi ADF cao thi ^ li lUaiA thuc Sn thd xanh cua vit nudi thudng giim (Van Soest vi cdng sir, 1991) [61.
Ty Id chit xa Ihd: li tiiinh phin quan tipng " '* * ^ ™ hudng chung li mit dd cing cao, luTO tiong vide dinh gii chit lupng cua cd do Udn quan P^i" bdn thip lim ting ty Id chat xo thd tinng c ^ ddn tiiinh phan khd tidu ddi vdi vit nudi. Vdi gidng NDF (Neutial Detergent Fibre - xa tiong dai):
Ghine Mombasa, ty Id chit xo thd cd xu hudng ting Vdi gidng Ghine Mombasa, tidn cimg cic lidu luM vdi vide tdng mit dd ti^ng vi ddu cd sy khic bidt cd y
nghla vd tiidng kd trdn tat ci cic miie phin bdn. Khi so sinh ty Id chit flid xo tidn eie miic phin bdn khic nhau cho thiy, thip nhit tidn 012 - MDI vi eao nhit d C n - MD3. Vdi gidng Mulato II, mit dd khie nhau ciing inh hudng ddn him lupng chit xtt ttid tiong cd va ed xu hudng ting khi ting mit dd (cao nhit 6 MD3 vi thip nhit * MDI); khi so sinh tidn cic miic phin bdn khic nhau lugng chit xo thd thip nhit d CT3 - MDI, cao nhit a CTl - MD3. So sinh giOa 2 gidng cho thiy, 1^ Id chit xo thd tiling binh tidn gidng Ghine Mombasa cao hon so vdi'gidng Mulato
phin bdn, ting mit dd lim ting him lupng NDF tiong ed (cao nhit dt MD3 vi thip nhit d MDI); so sinh chi sd NDF tidn cimg eie mit dd cho ttiiy, * mile phin bdn khic nhau khdng inh hudng rd r{t"
him lupng NDF cua gidng Ghme Mombasa. VS gidng Mulacto II, cOng cd xu hudng hiong if iib»
gidng Ghine Mombasa, mit dd cang cao ham litpn^
NDF cing cao, hiy nhidn cie mtic phin bdn kl*
nhau inh hudng khdng rd rdt ddn him lupng NDF tiong gidng Mulacto U.
ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber - xa axiO: Vdi gi^"8 Ghine Mombasa, ting mit dd lim ting 1^ 1$
68
N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRI^N N 6 N G T H 6 N - Kt 2 - T H A N G 10/fSKHOA H9C C 6 N 0 N 0 H |
ong CO tr6n tit ca cdc miic phan b6n, so sAnh chi s6 DF trdn cdc mtic phSn bdn cho thfiy. lining phSn 5n cing cao gia tq ADF trong c6 Ghine Mombasa ing giam (cao nhat b CTl - MD3, th^p nh^t b CT4 - IDI). V6i gidng Mulato II, cang c6 xu hu6ng tuong r, chi s6 ADF tang v6i v i ^ tang mat dd tr6ng vk vi^c ing lm?ng phSn b6n c6 xu hir6ng ldm giam hdm pyng ADF trong co. So sdnh chi s6 ADF giua 2 iong cho thdy chi s6 ADF tr6n gidng Ghine lombasa cao hon so v6i gidng Mulato II vd trSn 2 long d^u c6 xu hudng chung Id: ADF gidm khi
•ong thua vd khi tdng miic phdn b6n.
VCK Wbi giong Ghine Mombasa tdng mdt dO eu lam tdng chi sd VCK trong cd, tuy nhifin giua cdc luc phdn bdn khdc nhau chi sd VCK khdc nhau h6ng cd y nghia v4 mdt thdng ke. Vdi gidng Mulato [, m§t dd anh hudng rd r§t ddn chi sd VCK trong cd a theo xu hudng tdng khi tdng mdt dd; cdc miic han bdn khdc nhau khdng dnh hudng ddn su thay toi v^ chi sd VCK d gidng Mulato n . So sdnh giua 2 long (Ghine Mombasa vd Mulato II) cho thdy iiong cd su ch^nh Idch nhi^u v^ ty Id VCK trong co.
Protein thd: Vdi gidng Ghine Mombasa, v i ^ ang mdt do ldm giam ham lupng protein thd trong 6, tuy nhien khdc bidt rd nhat giua mat dp MDI 100.000 k h d m / h ^ vd MD3 (50.000 khdm/ha). v i ^
^ lupng phdn bdn cd xu huong ldm tdng ham iipng protein thd trong cd Ghine Mombasa. Vdi [idng Mulato II, khi so sdnh giua cac mat dd hdm jpng protein cao nh^t d MD2 vd t h l ^ nhat d MD3;
:iua cac miic phan bdn khdc nhau khdng cd su khdc 'i?t vi ham lupng protein. So sanh protein giua 2 [idng cho thay, gidng Mulato II cd hdm lupng cao ion so vdi gidng Ghine Mombasa.
4. Anh huong ciia phdn bdn ddn mdi quan h$
[itondng sudt vd chdt lupng cd
Ddnh gid mdi quan h$ giiia ndng sudt sinh khdi chdt xanh, cdc chi tidu chdt lupng cua gidng Ghine Mombasa vd Mulacto II dupe th^ hi§n trdn bang 5 vd bidu dd 1 cho thdy:
Vdi gidng Ghine Mombasa, ndng suit sinh khdi chdt xanh tuong quan thudn vdi chi sd VCK vd protein (hd sd tuong quan tuong iing r^ = 0,45 vd 0,95) vd tuong quan nghjch vdi hdm lupng xo thd, NDF vd ADF (r^ - - 0,11, - 0.97, - 0,95). Vdi gidng Mulato II. cd xu hudng tuong tu vd quan hd giua ndng sudt vd cdc chi sd chdt lupng nhu gidng Ghine Mombasa; ndng sudt sinh khdi chdt xanh tuong quan thudn vdi hdm lupng VCK, protein (hd sd tuong quan r^ tuong ung: H - 0,68, 0,94) vd tuong quan nghjch vdi ham lupng x o thd, NDF vd ADF (hd sd tuong quan r= tuong iing - 0,46. - 0,89 vd - 0.96).
Didu ndy cho thdy vide tdng miic bdn phdn cho gidng Ghine Mombasa vd gidng Mulato II ldm tdng ndng suit, tdng hdm lupng VCK, protein vd lam giam hdm lupng NDF vd ADF.
Bdng 5: Mdi quan hd gifia ndng suit vd chit lupng cd Ghine Mombasa vd Mulato II Nsng
suit Xa
Old NDF ADF VCK Protein GidnR Giiine Mombasa
N ^ R su^t Xotho NDF ADF VCK Protein
1.00 -0,11 -0,97 -0,95 0,45 0,95
1,00 0.29 -0,04 0,84 0,15
1,00 0.93 -0.27 -0,85
1,00 -0,55 -0,89
1,00 0,66 1,00 Gidne Mulato 11
Ndng sudt Xotho NDF ADF VCK Protein
1,00 -0,46 .0,89
^),96 0,68 0,94
1,00 0,54 0,60 -0^0 -0,60
1,00 0,80
•0^8 -0.74
1,00 -0,78 -1,00
1,00 0,82 1 1,00
Bidu dd 1: Anh hudng ciia phin bdn v i m | t dd ddn ning suit vi chit humg cic gidng Ghine Mombasa va MulatD n
I 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIIN N 6 N G T H 6 N - Kt 2 - THANG 10/2012 69
KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NOHt
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Anh hudng cua phin bdn, mit dd ddn ndng suit sinh khdi chit xanh cua cic gidng cd duge tuydn chgn nhu sau: vdi gidng Ghine Mombasa, Mulato II (hp hda Alio) mue phin bdn v i mit dd cho ning suit cao nhat la 200 N + 100 PiOs t 100 KjO (kg/ha) va MD 2 (mil dd 66.660 khdm/ha). Vdi gidng Stylos Ubon (ho dau), miic phin bdn vi mit dd phii hop cho ning suit cao nhit li 70 N + 100 P2O5 + 100 Kfi (kg/ha) vi MD2 (66.660 khdm/ha).
Mat dp cd miic dp inh huiing khic nhau ddn chit luong cic gidng cd; cic chi sd chit thd xo, NDF vi ADF cd xu hudng ting khi tang mit dd tidng. Tuy nhien, lupng protein tiong ed cd xu hudng ngupe \!/i tiic la giam khi ting mat dd tidng. Phin bdn khdng anh hudng rd rdt tdi cic chi sd chit lupng cua cic gidng cd khao nghidm.
TAlUdinUMKHAO ' 1. AOAC, 1990. Association of Analytical
Chemists, 15th ed. Official Methods of Anaylysis.
Washington, DC.
2. Cyc Chin nudi - Bd Ndng nghidp vi PIW.
Bio cio thdng kd nim 2005.
3. Goering, H. K. and Van Soest, P. J., 1970.
Forage fiber analyses (apparahis, regents, procedures and some applications). ARS Agrie. ed.
H. 397, Washington, DC.
4. Nidn giim Thdng kd 2009. Tdng c«c Thdng kd, 2009.
5. Sd Ndng nghidp & PTNT Lai Chiu, 2008. Bio cio kdt q u i s i n xuit ndng lim nghidp nam 2008.
Tridn khai sin xuit vu ddng xuin 2008 - 2009. Thing 11/2008.
6. Van Soest P. J, Robertson J. B. and Lewis B.
A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583-3593.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER RATES AND PLANT DENSITIES ON YIELD AND QUALITIES OF SOME IMPROVED PASTURES IN LAI CHAU
Nguyen Due Dung, Ngo Due Minh, Nguyen Duy Phuong, Nguyen Van Quang Summary
A field experiment was conducted dunng 2011 Than Uyen district, Lai Chau province to determine the effects of different fertilizer levels and plant densities on yield and qualities of three improved pastures:
Ghine Mombasa, Mulator II and Stylos Ubon that were selected as field experiment have potential yield and adapt to acid, infertile soil in Northem mountainous of Vietnam. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 fertilizer rates and 3 plant densities and as split-split plot treatments. Results showed that among all combination treatments, fertilizer rate and density interaction was optimal is 200 N t 100 Pfl, + 100 K,0 kg ha' with 66,660 plants ha' for Ghine Mombasa, Mulator II;
and 70 N + 100 P,Os + 100 KjO kg ha' with 66.660 plants ha' for Stylos Ubon. bicreasing planting densily increased fiber, NDF, ADF content but had no significant effect on biomass yields. The plant densities also significantly affected protein content of pastures: protein content decreased by increasing in plant density.
No further improvement in quaLty was obtained by increasing fertilizer. Three improved pastures were introduced for producing high quaLty feeds have had good impacts on increasing feed resources for ruminants, contributing to increase of number of animals raising in farms and indirect effect on household incomes of farmers in Than Uyen districts, Lai Chau province.
Keywords: Pasture, fertilizer rate, plant density, biomass yield, quaLty, feed.
Ngudi phin bidn: TS. Bii Huy Hidn Ngiy nhin b i t 5/6/2012 Ngiy thdng qua phin bidn: 2/10/2012 Ngiy duydt ding: 8/10/2012
70 NONG NGHllP VA PHAT T R I I N N 6 N G THON - Kt 2 - T H A N G 10/2012