KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHfi
AIVH HUblVG, LnVG P H d V A KET QUA PHIJC HOI SINH KE CLIA NGU DAM KHAI THAC THUY SAM GAM BO TiMH
THUA THIEM - HUE SAU 5 U CO MOI TRUOMG BIEM (FORIVIOSA] MAIVi 2 0 1 6
Nguydn Ngpc TniydnS Cao 1111 ThuydtS Nguydn Van Thinh', Lfi Thj Hdng Phuong^
T6MTAT
Nghien cuu nay danh gia tac dong, nang Iuc chdng chiu va kha nang phuc hdi sinh ke cCia ngu dan khai thac thuy san tnrdc anh hudng cua su co moi tnrdng bien Formosa nam 2016 ddi vdi nhom hp khai thac thiiy san (ICTTS) b tinh Thiia Thien - Hue. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, tinh ddn thai didm didu tra (nam 2018), trung binh thdi gian moi ho chiu anh hudng ctia sir cd khoang 23 thang, frong do nhom ho chuyen khai thac thiiy san chm anh hudng den 30 thang, gia tri thi&t hai cua hd l&n ddn 97,8% tdng thu nhap. Cac h6 bl anh hirdng da thiic hi^n cac giai phap irng pho. Trong do, giai phap giam chi tifiu ciia hg, ap dung cac thuc hanh mdi frong hoat dong sinh kd thuy san bi anh hudng duoc ho khai thac thCiy san sir dung nhidu va mang lai ket qua ddi voi qua trinh phuc hdi hoat dpng khai th^c thuy san va sinh ke ho. Muc dp phuc hdi tai thdi didm 30 thang (sau su cd) dat diroc 49,5% sd ho da phuc hdi hoan toan, frong dd nhom chuyen khai thac thiiy san chua phuc hoi v^ thu nhap. Cac giai phap ciiu trp khan cap, den bii thi^t hai va h5 tro xa hpi ciia Chinh phii dupc danh gia co hieu qua cho phuc hoi sinh kd ciia ho sau sir cd.
Tii khda: Formosa, danh ga tac dpng, giai phap ung pho, phuc hoi sinb kd, khai thac thuy san gan bo.
1 . GIOI THEU
Cdng ddng thtiy san d Viet Nam k h i ddng dao vdi khoang 8 trifiu ngu din II lao dgng khai thlc thtiy sin v l 12 trifiu ngudi cd ngudn thu hoac san pham tit nginh thuy san. Trong 10 nam qua nginh thiiy sin da cd muc tang trudng khi Idn kd cl sd lugng lao ddng, sd tau thuydn va san Itrpng khai thac thuy san (Bd Ndng nghifip va PTNT, 2015). Tuy nhien, tinh tiang ngheo ciia cac hd ngu dan, dac biet d vung bien bai ngang vln rat nghifim trpng. Sinh ke ngu dan ven bidn dua trfin cac ngudn Iuc con ngudi, vdn xa hpi (mang ludi xa hdi...), vdn thien nhien hay tai nguyen (rimg. mat nude nudi tidng thuy san, ngudn lpi bien, sdng ngdi, dat canh tic, da dang sinh hpc...), vdn vat chat nhi d, cdng cu san xuat, phuong tifin van chuyen, c a s d h a tang...), vdn tai chinh (tiet kifim, tin dung, hing hda luu chuydn...). Smh kd cua hd ludn bi tic ddng bdi cic ydu td gly ra tinh trang dfi bi ton thuong, cai dupe tao ra do cac bidn ddng vd cic ydu td tu nhifin kinh td xa hdi, mdi tnrdng chinh tri, hoac cic xu hudng bidn ddi cua dan sd, tai nguyfin, qudc td va trong nirde, khoa hpc ky thuat hoac cic ydu td bien ddi mang tinh mua vu nhir sin xuat, gia ca, sue khde, CO hgi viec lam. Mac du cac boat ddng sinh kd
chinh viing ven bien chu ydu II khai thac thuy san (KITS) va nudi ti-dng thuy sin (NTTS). Tuy nhifin cac boat ddng vd ndng nghifip, llm nghifip, nginh nghd, budn ban, dich vu ddng gdp khdng nhd vio su da dang sinh kd v l han che tinh bi tdn thuong cua hg gia dinh ven bien [12].
VIo thing 4 nam 2016 tai khu vuc 4 tinh mi^n Trung, Viet Nam (Ha l l n h , Quing Binh, Quing Tri, Thira Tiiifin - Hue) da xay ra mdt su c6 mdi tnrdng bidn (MTB) hdt sue nghifim tigng, gay nfin hifin tugng hai sin chdt h i n g loat v l dac bifit 11 cac loli ca sdng d tang dly. Nguyfin nhan gay nfin hien tugng nly dupc xac dinh la do ngudn thai cua Cdng ty Formosa Ha Tinh [2 ]. Su cd nly da tic dpng ldn ddn ddi sdng sinh boat va boat ddng san xuat ctia ngudi dan d 4 tinh mien Trung.
Trudc su cd mdi tnrdng difin ra bat ngd, khdng ludng trudc da tac ddng den cac boat ddng sinh kd cua hd KTTS, llm mat di ngudn thu tij KTTS ciia nhidu hd. Didu nay ddi hdi hg KTTS phii tSng cuong
"nang Iuc chdng chiu" vdi su cd mdi tnrdng da didn ra.
6 Vifit Nam cung chua cd nhieu nghifin cuu kha nang chdng chiu va phuc hdi vdi cac su cd moi tnrdng xiy ra do vific phit bien cdng nghifip. Tuy nhifin, ddi vdi elc a i sdc do mdi truong iir nhien gly Tnidng Dai hoc Nong Lam. D.u hpc Hue
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H £
ra cung da cd mdt sd nghifin cuu. Vi du: nghifin vd su phuc hdi vdi cic cu sdc tiiifin tai cua ngu din ven bien d Vifit Nam, Fiji, Ghana v l Sri Lanka chi ra ring, ngu dan ven bien da phuc hdi vdi cic cii sdc blng clch tham gia d cac nhdm hop tie mdi, gia tang nd Iuc danh bit cl, tiiay ddi chidn luge dinh bit, giam chi tieu, tim kidm ngudn hd tra, giam ngudn tieu thu tinic an,...[6].
Mac du da cd nhieu nghifin cuu vd elc cu sdc lifin quan ddn tham hoa tu nhien v l bien ddi khi ban tac dgng den sinh ke cua ngudi dan d cle virng. Tuy nhien nhimg nghifin cuu lifin quan ddn cii sdc d nhifim mdi trudng bidn den sinh ke cua cdng ddng ngu dan ven bidn chua dugc thuc hifin. Do vay, vific nghifin cuu cle cii sdc hfin quan den d nhifim mdi trudng bidn Inh hudng den sinh ke cua cdng ddng ngu dan cd y nghia rat quan tigng nhim giiip cac co quan chinh quyen dia phirong cung nhu cic ca quan chinh phu dua ra cle chinh slcb hd trg- kip thdi cho cgng ddng ngu din ven bien. Nghifin cuu nly nhim danh gia tic dgng sinh ke do su cd mdi trudng bidn Formosa gly ra ddi vdi cac nhdm dan cu sdng dua vao tai nguyen thtiy hli san; khao sat va dinh gia cle boat ddng thich ung va qui trinh phuc hdi sinh ke ciia cac nhdm hd KTTS chiu anh hirdng tren dia ban tinh Thua Thifin-Hue.
2. Cff Sff LY LUAN VA TONG QUAN TAI LEU
Hien nay, nghien cuu Hfin quan den cle van dd mdi trudng v l phuc hdi sinh kd da duoe thuc hien nhidu tifin thd gidi. Tai Viet Nam, nghifin cuu cic khia canh xa hdi ciia cac su cd cue doan cd hai mdi duge phat tiidn gin day v l kdt qua nghifin cun cung chi d budc diu. Da cd nhieu chuong trinh vl cdng tiinh nghien cuu ban chat cac su cd cue doan cung nhu tie dgng va ung phd vdi cic su co nay. Cd khi nhieu cdng trinh nghifin cuu tap trung vio (su cd) Ihien tai vl bidn ddi khi hau. Ket qua nghifin cuu cua Lfi Thi Ai Lifin (2018) ve sinh ke ngu dan sau su cd mdi trudng bidn d Quang tri chi ra rang hlu hdt cac ngu dan tai cac xa ven bien cd difin tich dat binh quln thap, dat san xuat ndng nghiep cd 34,44% sd hg duge phdng van 11 khdng cd. Dat san xuat ndng nghifip tiimg binh khoang 1.108,26 m2. Ngudn Iuc lao ddng cd su bidn ddi manh do su cd MTB, sd lao ddng khdng cd viec llm tang ti> 5 Ifin 107 lao ddng tifin dia bin nghifin cuu. Dac biet la 2 nhdm sinh kd:
dinh bit thuy sin va kinh doanh dich vu tiiuy san, ty lfi khdng cd vific llm tang cao. Ly do 11 cic hd nay sdng bam bien vl phii chiu Inh hudng gan nhu
100%. Do tac ddng ciia su c6 mdi trudng bidn, ca cau lao ddng ciia cac nginh cdng nghifip - xiy dung tang len so vdi trudc su cd mdi trudng bien. Thu nhap tir cic nhdm hd didu tia glim so vdi tnrdc su cd. Binh quan mdi hp nhan sd tien den bii ttr su cd MTB la 67,96 tiieu ddng. Vific su dung tien ddn bu cung xoay quanh 3 muc dich: Tidt kiem, dau tu tii sin xuat va tra ng. Da phin miic dich su dung tidn ddn bit cua cac hp chua hop ly. Su c6 MTB Inh hudng den sinh ke, thu nhap binh quan cua ngu hd sau 1 nam su cd giam tir 137,94 trifiu ddng nam 2015 xudng cdn 73,82 trifiu ddng nam 2016 va tang len 128,60 trieu ddng nam 2017. Ngoai ra, su cd MTB cung anh hudng nhidu ddn xa hdi, din tdi that nghidp vl nhieu van dd xa hgi xay ra. Vd mdi trudng, su cd MTB anh hudng rat ldn ddn he sinh thai ven bien, nhat la cic ran san hd, tham cd bidn, ngudn Ipi thuy sin bi anh hudng v l suy giam qui muc [8]. Tai Thua Thifin Hud, nghien ciiu cua Nguyfin Quang Phuc vl Lfi Anh Quy (2017) vd su cd mdi tnrdng bidn anh hudng ddn vific lam v l thu nhap cua lao dgng chi ra ring, tiudc su cd MTB cd 100% lao ddng duoe phdng van cd viec lam dn dinh, tuy nhien, su cd MTB xay ra chi cdn 5,3% lao ddng cd vific llm, 84% lao ddng duoe phdng van thidu vific llm va 10,7% lao ddng bi that nghifip. Tuy nhien, 88,0% lao ddng dupe hdi ddu khdng mong mudn chuyen ddi nghe nghiep ma tiep tuc duy tri chidn luoe sinh kd cu va chi cd 12,0% lao ddng mong mudn dupc chuyen ddi sinh ke. Nguyfin nhin chinh m l ngudi lao ddng ngai chuyen ddi sinh kd la do: (i) Ho da quen vdi cupc sdng bam bidn dii cho da cd cle chinh sich hd tip chuyen ddi nghe nghiep cua n h i nude; (ii) Phan Idn nhung lao ddng nly cd tudi ddi k h i cao, nhifiu ngirdi cho ring, do trinh dd hpc van thap nfin vific chuydn ddi nghd nghiep rit khd khan.
Vi vay, chinh slcb ho trp cho ngudi dan sdm phuc hdi sinh ke cu ma hg da llm la uu tifin hing diu [1].
3. NGUON SO UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIBU CUU 3.1. Chgn didm nghifin cuu
Nghien cuu da chgn 3 diem de thuc hifin thu thap thdng tin bag gdm xa Quang Cdng (Quang Didn), xa Phu Dien (Phii Vang) vl tiii ti-ln Lang Cd (Phii Ldc) cua tinh Thira Thien - Hue, la nhung xa cd hoat ddng KTTS chiu tic dpng true tidp tiJr su cd mdi trudng bien nam 2016.
3.2. Phuong phip thu thip sd lidu 3.2.1. So'hiu tiiu cap
143
KHOA HOC CONO N G H £
Sd Ufiu thli cap (da cdng bd) dupe thu thap ti>
cac thdng kfi thiet hai, cdng tie hd tip, bdi thudng, c i c chmh sich cua Chinh phu cd lien quan ddn su cd mdi trudng bidn nam 2016; h l o cao tinh hinh kinh td-xa hdi ciia dia phuong tii 201&-2018; bao clo cdng t i c ddn bu, hd tra cho ngudi dan tai cic viing nghifin cuu theo sd lieu thdng kfi cua UBND cac xa v l huyfin tii 2016-2018; bao cao nhung bd ti-g true tidp v l gian tidp cho ngudi dan chiu thifit hai tii sir cd mdi trudng.
3.2.2. Sdlieu saci'p
Sd lieu so cap dupe thu thap thdng qua phuong phip dinh gia ndng thdn cd su tham gia (PRA) vdi c i c cdng cu phdng vln ngudi am hidu va phdng van hd. Phdng van ngudi am hieu dugc tifin hanh tai cic xa nghifin cuu (n=10/mdi xa (thi tian)) bao gdm chu tich xa/thi tian, phd chu hch xa/thi tian, cic phdng ban chiic nang (can bd dia chinh ndng nghiep, tnrdng thdn) va ndng dan ndng cdt. Ndi dung phdng vln tip trung vio thu thap cac dii lifiu d cap do cdng ddng ve elc chi tieu thiet hai, cdng tic chi dao ting phd vdi su cd, elc giii phap hd tig va co chd giim sit, danh gia tic dpng cua sir co den ddi sdng cua ngudi dan. Phdng van hd duge tidn hinh vdi 210 hd b l n g bang hdi ban cau tnic. De dinh gia tac ddng, nang lire chdng chiu vl phuc hdi cua hp KITS trudc Inh hudng cua su cd mdi trudng bien Fomiosa nam 2016, phuong phip phan td (nhdm hd chuyen KTTS v l nhdm hg da dang sinh kd) da duge su dung. De llm rd tac ddng, nang Iuc chdng chiu v l phuc hdi giiia cic nhdm hd da su dung cac chi tifiu ve thdi gian anh hirdng, miic dd thifit hai ve thu nhap cua hd trudc v l sau su co, thdi gian ngimg KTTS hoac giam KTTS. Cac giai phip da duoe sii dung de tang cudng kha nang chdng chiu duge phan tiieo nhdm chiu dung, chuyen ddi va thich img. Cudi cung cle chi tifiu ve phuc hdi sinh ke dupe su dung dd danh g i l kha nang chdng chiu va muc phuc hdi smh kd ciia hd ddn hien tai.
Danh gil miic dp tac ddng cua su cd duge thuc hien dua tren quan didm cua ngudi dan thdng qua ly thuydt hanh vi. Cu the ngudi dan dupe dua ra 3 mue do danh gia tac ddng 11 it nghifim trong, nghiem tigng va rat nghifim tipng. Ca sd dd dua ra cac muc dd nly dupe dua tifin thang do Likert v l kdt q u i phdng vln ngudi am hieu tai cdng ddng nghien cihi.
Bfin canh dd dua ra 3 mirc do, nhdm nghifin ciiu cdn dua tren muc dd thifit hai d nhirng cau hdi phan diu
cua bang hdi. Kdt qua ngudi duoe phdng van xac dinh miic do tac ddng sfi duoc kifim tra cheo (crosscheck) vdi cle cau hdi trudc dd.
2.3. Phuong p h ^ phto tich sd lidu
Phan tich dinh tinh, dinh lugng: tiidng tin dinh tinh dugc tdng hpp, phan tich tiianh cic nhan dinh, so dd, bang bieu. Thdng tin dinh luong duge xu ly thdng ke md ta vfi tnmg binh, dp lech chuan, ty lfi 96 tien phin mdm Microsoft Excel. Cac bude tidn hinh xii Iy sd lieu dupe dua trfin muc tifiu va chi tifiu nghifin cuu dd nhdm sd Ueu. Sd Ufiu danh gil tac dpng duoe dua tifin sd Ueu thu thap cap hg v l thdng kfi md ta theo chl sd trung binh v l dp lech chuan ve mue thu nhap, sd thing bi anh hudng. CIc thdng tin vd giai phap ung phd dupe ma hda va nhdm theo 3 nhdm giai phap, dugc danh sd thu tu dd tinh gia tri phan tram elc hd da ap dung. Kdt q u i phuc hdi sinh kd dugc phin tich dua tifin thu thap v l thdi gian phiic hdi so sinh tnrde v l sau khi sir cd xiy ra.
4.KErQUANGHe\ICUU
4.1. I h i ^ trgng dan sd va lao dOng ciia d c didm nghifin cuu
Dan sd va lao dpng the hien dac diem dan cu ctia mpt vung. Dd chinh II ngudn nhan Iuc anh hirdng den elc loai hinh sinh kd v l hifiu q u i cua cic lo^ii hinh smh kd dd. Trong nghifin ciiu nay da xem xet su tham gia vio cle boat dgng san xuat ctia ndng hg va mdt sd chi tieu binh quan. Kdt qua didu tra dupc the hifin qua blng 1.
Bang 1. Tinh hinh dan sd v l lao dpng ciia cic didm nghifin cuu
^""~~~--Xajighien cuu Chi tieu ~-~~~.^
Tong so ho (ho) So khau (nguoi) Ty le ho ngheo (%) Ty le nguoi trong dp tu6i lao dong (%) Ty le lao dpng qua dao tao(%)
Tyle ho KTTS gan ba bi anh huong (%) Ty le lao dpng thuy san gan b ^ bi tac dpng (%)
Thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi/nam (trieu ddng) cua hp KTTS
Quang Cpng 1.534 6.433 3,68 62,58 45,0 24,90 22,98
Phii Dien 2.490 11.420 11,7 49,53 53,0 19,00 17,40
26,1 :;(;,s Lang
ca
2.825 12.486 3,61 70,16 49,1 19,4 52,4
37,3
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHi
Ngudn: Sd hiu thdng ke cac xa, thi tran nam 2018
Kdt qua khao sit chi ra ring, ty lfi nguoi tiong do tudi lao dgng v l lao dpng da qua dio tao cac diem nghien ciiu kha cao (>49%). Didu nay cd the giai thich dupe rang chat Iuong lao ddng tuong ddi tdt v l CO tidm nang phat hien kmh td cung nhu da dang cac hoat ddng sinh kd. Ti la cic xa/thi tiln ven bien nfin t^ le hd cd smh kd phu thugc vao khai thac thuy san dac bifit la khai thac gan bd kha cao va sd hd bi anh hudng bdi su cd Formosa ciing tuong dot (>19% tdng sd hp khai thlc thuy san gan bd bi anh hudng). Tinh ddn tiidi didm didu tia (nam 2018), thu nhap cua cac hp KITS tii 26,1 den 37,3 trifiu ddng/ngudi/nam.
Theo danh gil ciia can bd cdt can ciia cic xa/thi tian cung nhu ngudi dan tham gia khao sat, thu nhap nhu vay 11 tirong ddi dn dinh sau khi su cd Formosa xay ra.
4.2. Tic ddng cua su cd ddn hp KTTS bidn g i n bd tinh Thira Thifin - Hud
4.2.1. Tacddngddn thai 0an khai thac thuy sin Thdi gian anh hudng cua su cd ddn thdi gian khai thlc dupe xac dinh la thdi gian hp ngimg hoac giam cudng dd khai thac. Ket qua khao sat cho thay 100% cic hp phai ngimg hoan toln cac boat ddng khai thac thuy san gan bd cung nhu cac hoat ddng lien quan ddn dich vu va tiao ddi cic mat hang thuy san. Thdi gian ngimg khai thlc hoan toan v l thdi gian giam khai thlc thuy san gin bd a cac diem nghifin ciiu dupc thd hifin d bang 2. Trung binh thdi gian Inh huong ciia su cd den cac hg khai thac thiiy san gan bd la 23,6 thing trong dd thdi gian phai ngimg khai tiiac ddn 8,5 thang v l thdi gian giam khai title 1115,1 thing (Bang 2).
Blng 2. Thdi gian anh hudng cua sir cd ddn hg KTTS g i n bd d cic didm nghifin cuu (thing)
Chi tiSu Thoi gian ngimg khai thac Thoi gian giam khai thac
Tdng thoi gian anh huong
Trung binh 8,5 ± 3,7 15,1 +
7,6 23,6 ±
6,2 Ho ngu da
dang 8,8 ± 3,05 14,9 +
6,2 23,7±
5,59 Ho chuyen
KTTS 7,8 ± 3,1 15,6 +
5.2 23.4 ±
4,3
khoang 1 thing, tiong didu kifin sinh kd chinh cua hd phu thugc vao hoat ddng khai thac thuy san, nen sau khi mdi trudng tuong ddi dn dinh hp cd xu hudng khai thlc thuy san sdm hon so vdi nhdm hd da dang smh ke. Trong khi do thdi gian giam khai thac d nhdm hp khdng da dang sinh kd cd thdi gian giam khai thac dat hon. Ket qua nay cung phii hpp vdi muc tieu thu san pham tii thuy san, g i l ca thi trudng v l san lugng khai thac chua phuc hdi nen hd vln khai thac d mtic do ban che. Tdng thdi gian KITS hi anh hudng cua nhdm hp da dang sinh ke cao hon nhdm hd khdng da dang sinh kd. Dieu nay cho thay, nhdm hg da dang cd nhidu ngudn thu hon nen hg vln chua tap trung vao hoat dgng ICTTS. Nhdm hd da dang cac hoat dpng smh kd khac nhu che bien, nganh nghd khac nfin da sd hd khai thac thiiy sin gan bd hi anh hudng chuyen sang cac boat dgng sinh kd khac nhu lam thufi, llm ndng nghifip hay khai thlc dam pha, nfin thdi gian quay trd lai khai thlc bidn lau ban vdi cac diem nghien oiu cdn lai.
4.2.2. Thiit hai va tic dpng sinh kecua ho ICTTS bien gan bd
Bang 3. Muc dg Inh hudng v l t i c dOng smh kd cua hg KTTS bidn gan bd
Chi tieu So HBSK hianh huong/so HDSK Mat chl phi san xuat
& san pham bi 6 nhilm (trieu dong/
ho)
Giam thu nhap do ngimg KTTS sau su CO (trieu dong/ho) Tdng thiet hai (trieu dOng/ho) Thiet hai so voi tong thu nhap hang nam truoc su cd (%) Thiet hai so voi tdng gia tri tai san cua hp
(%)
Trung binh 1,7/3,0
101,1
125,6
231,3
97,8
36,6 Hpngu da dang 1,7/3,3
105,2
119,8
230,1
95,9
38,7 Ho chuyen
KTTS 1,0/1,0
68,4
172,1
240,5
112.6
19,0
Ngudn: Sdheu dieu tia, 2018 Nhdm hg khdng da dang sinh kd cd thdi gian ngimg khai thac ngln hon so voi nhdm da dang
Ngudn: Sdlieu dieu tira, 2018 Su cd mdi trudng bien da gay ra nhiing he luy ddi vdi tai nguyen, mdi tnrdng bidn v l tac ddng true tiep ddn ddi sdng cua hd. Trong dd, boat ddng sinh
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE kd cua hd hi anh hudng v l thiet hai (blng tidn) II hai
chi tifiu quan tigng, phin Inh tac ddng ciia su c6 ddn ddi sdng cua hd. Kdt qua khao sit hp vd tac ddng cua su cd ddn hoat ddng sinh ke (HDSK) va tiuet hai cua ho dugc tdng hgp d blng 3.
Kdt qua nghifin cuu cho thay, tnmg binh mdi hp lao ddng dugc khio sit tai 4 tinh bi su cd se cd khoang 3 hogt ddng sinh kd/hd, thudng 11 kdt hop gitia nghe KITS v l cac nghd nhu che bifi'n hoac lam thufi. Trong sd cac tinh dugc khao sit Thira Thien - Hud la tinh cac hd chi cd bmh quan 2 hoat ddng sinh kd/hd do dac thii vd kinh td cua dia phirong, tai Thira Thien - Hud thdng thudng cac hg thtiy sin se chi llm chuyfin ICTTS vl chd bien.
Tic ddng cua su cd mdi trudng bidn den kinh td hd chil ydu 11 cac thifit hai vd thu nhap, true bep ddi vdi hoat ddng KITS va gian tiep thdng qua thifit hat ddi vdi cac boat ddng tao thu nhap cd lien quan ddn san phim khai thac thuy sin va elc hoat ddng dich vv, nghe nghifip lifin quan. Dd danh gia thifit hai vat chat (tidn) ciia hd, nhdm nghifin cuu da tidn hinh khio sit thifit hai thdng qua elc giai doan thifit hai do ngimg KTTS, giam cudng dd khai thlc v l tdng thifit h^i cua ca 2 giai doan.
Sau khi su cd mdi trudng bien xay ra, mdt sd dia phuong cd su sut giam ngay thdi diem xiy ra sir cd do phii dimg hoat ddng khai thlc hoan toln v l mpt phan. Trfin toln miu didu tia, miic do thiet hai cung tuong ddi Idn so vdi thu nhap binh quan cua hp (231,3 tiieu ddng). Ddi vdi nhdm hp chuyfin KTTS cd miic thu n h | p sau su cd chi blng 70% so vdi tnrdc su cd, rifing ddi vdi nhdm da dang smh kd thi miic thu nhap khdng sut giim nhidu, chu ydu do cic hd chuyfin KTTS k h i nang chuyen ddi nghd ban chd hon so vdi cic hd da dang smh ke, khi cd su cd thi cle hd da dang sinh kd se dfi dang chuydn qua cic cdng vific khac nhung vln dam bao thu nhap.
Ddi vdi nhung hd chuyfin KTTS khi su cd xay ra hg hi sut gilm thu nhap mdt clch nghifim tigng, cic hp nay bi giam den ban 172 trifiu ddng/hd do gilm ho^t ddng khai thlc thuy sin, ddi vdi elc hd cd thu nhap da dang, thi miic do giam thu thap hon vao khoang 120 tiieu ddng/hd. Cd mdt thue td 11 nhung hd chuyen KTTS chi co mdt ngudn thu ddn tir thuy sin thi thu nhap cua hp se bi giam manh khi bi sut giam ngudn lgi thiiy san.
Tdng tiiiet hai bmh quan chung ciia cac nhom hd khao sat la hon 231 bidu ddng/hd. Mm: tiuet hai nly gan ngang blng so vdi miic thu nhap mdt nSm ciia hd (bang 97,8% so vdi tiiu nhap/niim). so vdi tdng gil tri tai sin ctia hd thi nd tuong duong 36,6%, didu nay cho thay ring ndu tinh tren quy md sd hp bi thifit hai ti-fin 4 tinh ven bien mien Trung tiii con sd nly 11 cue ky ldn, chimg td tac hai ldn ciia su cd mdi trudng ddi vdi nhung hd chuyfin llm nghd KTTS.
Dot vdi cac ho chuyfin KITS, muc dp thifit hai ndu quy ra blng tidn dupe ngudi ta udc tinh roi vao 112% tdng thu nhap/nam cila hd va tuong dirong vdi 19% tdng thu n h | p ndng hd. Theo sd Ueu cua Tdng cue Thdng kfi, thu nhap bmh quan dau ngudi Vifit Nam 1158,5 bieu ddng/hd, rd ring ring vdi muc thifit hai len ddn gan 240 trifiu/hd/nam 11 con sd khdng hfi nhd vl din ddn hfi qua la nhidu hd khd cd the phtic hdi sau su cd. Kdt q u i nly cung tuong ddng vdi kdt qua cua Nguyfin Quang Phuc vl cdng su (2017) trong nghifin ciiu vfi "Su cdmoi trudng bidn mien Tmng ra tic ddng cua no den viec lam vi thu nhip cua lao dpng". Trong ngbien cuu nly tic gia da xac dinh ring so vdi trudc su cd mdi trudng bien, thu nhap bmh quan cua mpt lao ddng tai xa Vinh Hai, huy^n Phu Lgc, tinh TTiira Thifin - Hud gilm rat manh, tir 44,95 bifiu ddng/nam xudng cdn 10,95 trifiu ddng/nSm (gilm tuong ling 75,6% thu nhap) [1].
4.2.3. Y kien cua hp danh gii muc dp tac dong cua sued
De danh gil miic do tic ddng cua su cd ddi vdi ngu hd vl cdng ddng KTTS ven bidn, nhdm nghifin cuu da chia ra 3 muc do dd khao sit nh|n dinh cua ngu din (it nghifim trgng, nghifim trgng vl rit nghifim tigng). Kdt qua su lua chpn cua ngudi dan sfi phan Inh dupe mtic dp nghifim trpng cua su cd ddn ddi sdng cua ho v l cdng ddng noi hg sinh sdng.
Trong bang 4 chi the hifin hai miic dd nghifim tipng v l rat nghiem trgng ciia ngu hd khi dinh gil miic dp tic ddng ciia su cd.
Dai da sd nhdm hd khao sat ddu dinh gil ring su cd moi trudng bidn tic ddng nghiem trpng vl rat nghifim trong ddn boat ddng sinh kd, lam Inh huong ddn thu nhap, ddi sdng cua hd va cdng ddng dia phuang. Ndu trong Urmig lai cd mdt su cd tuong ti;
xiy ra thi nhdm hd khao sat danh gia nd sfi tac ddng den hd cting nhu cpng ddng la nghifim b-png vl rat nghifim trpng va k h i nang phuc hdi cua ngirdi din sfi rit khd (Blng 4).
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
BSng4.Yki&hC
^^---.,.,^ Miicdd Chiti6u ^~'^^^,_^^^
Tac dong ddi voi hoat dpng SK hO Tac d6ng ddi voi thu nhap ciia h6 Tac dpng doi vcri doi song ctia hp Tac dpng doi voi cpng dpng
ddnh gi^ miic dd t ^ Trung binh Nghiem
trong 47,0 52,0 61,0 74,5
Rat ngiiifim
trpng 51,5 46,5 37,0 25,0
dOng cua su cd (DVT: 96 hO) Ho ngu da dang Nghiem
trpng 44,4 50,6 59,6 75,3
Rat nghiem
trpng 53,9 47,8 38,8 24,2
Ho chuyen KTTS Nghidm
trpng 68,2 63,6 72,7 68,2
Rit nghidm
trong 31,8 36,4 22,7 31,8 Ghi chu: Tylihp tia ldi "Itnghiem trpng"ratnhd
Trong hai nhdm hp khao sat, nhdm hd chuyfin KITS cho ring khi su cd mdi trudng bidn xay ra tic dong cua nd ddn boat ddng sinh kd cua hd la nghifim trong (68,2%), trong khi hd da dang sinh ke Iai cd nh|n duih nghifing vd rat nghifim trpng vdi 53,9% hp.
Ddi vdi thu nhap cua hd, ca hai nhdm hd KITS v l hg ngu da dang ddu nhan dinh su cd gay anh hudng a muc nghifim tipng vdi 63,6% hp chuyfin KTTS vl 50,6% hp ngu da dang sinh kd. Khao sit cac hp chuyfin KTTS vd miic dd tic ddng ciia su cd ddi vdi ddi sdng cua hp, 72,7% cac hd elm thiy su cd gay ra anb budng nghiem tigng ddn ddi sdng cua hd, 22,7%
cho rang rat nghifim tipng. Rd rang II su cd d nhifim mdi trudng bien da tic ddng kha ldn ddn ddi sdng cua hd, quan sit tham van thuc te mdt sd bg da md ta ring khi su cd xay ra nhidu gia dinh da di cu lao ddng den mpt sd tinh thanh phia Nam 6A kidm sdng, dan ddn su xlo tidn trong ddi sdng cua hd cung nhu cua cdng ddng (68,2% nghiem trpng va 31,8% rat nghiem tigng). Khi xay ra su cd, cle hp cd da dang sinh kd deu bi Inh hirdng ldn v l hlu hdt khi khao sit tic ddng ddu nhan dinh la su cd cd anh hirdng rat nghifim tipng ddn ddi sdng cua hd vdi 38,8% v l ddi vdi cpng ddng II 24,2%.
4.3. trng phd cua hd KTTS
Tnrde tic ddng ciia su cd mdi tnrdng, hd KITS da thuc hifin elc giai phap img phd, phiic hdi sinh ke va ddi sdng cua hp. Trong nghifin ciiu nay, giai phap ling phd sir cd cua hp kha da dang nhung dirge chia thinh ba Ioai ling phd: (1) Ddi phd la cic giai phip llm tang miie boat ddng tam thdi tiong thdi gian bi anh hirdng bdi su cd; (2) Thich img 11 elc giai phap dupe lua chgn dd tiiay ddi vl tidp tiic cle boat dpng tao thu nhap "hi anh hudng" (3) Chuydn ddi 11 cic giai phap duge Ip dung vl vln cdn hgat ddng tao ra
Ngudn: Phong van hp, 2018 (<3%)
ngudn thu nhap mdi, khdng bi anh hudng true tidp bdi su cd.
Bang 5. CIc phuong thtic ting phd cua d c nhdm h0 s a u s u cd Formosa nam 2016 Phuong thtrc ijmg pho
1. Chiu dtmg ho^ ddi phd - Cat giam chi tieu - Ban tai san - Vay von tin dung - Tim kiem su h6 tra tu ba con - IVIo rpng cac mdi quan he xa hpi khac de tim kidm sir giiip do/hop tac
- Tham gia cac HDSK mdi de tao them thu nhap 2. Thich ting
- Ap dung cac thtrc hanh mdi trong HDSK thtiy san bi anh hirdng
- Dieu chinh, thay ddi trong hoat dpng sinh ke thiiy siin bi anh hudng
3. Chuydn ddi sinh kd - Mij rpng cac HDSK phu de thay thd
- Tir bd HDSK bi tac ddng 4. Tiip dn hi trv vd bdi thtrdng thidt hai
- Bdi thudng bang tidn mat (trieu ddng/ho)
- Ty le bdi thudng so vdi tdng thiet hai (%)
Sd ho 124 24 58 4 8 54
130
37
20 4
210 210
Ty Id hd ap dung (%)
59,1 11,4 27,6 1,9 3,8 25,7
61,9
17,6
9,5 1,9
89,7 65,3 (Ngudn: Tdng hop sdlieu didu tia, 2018) Trong sd cle giai phip ung phd, vific Ip dung cac phuang thuc chdng chiu nhir cat giam chi tieu.
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £ vay mugn, tim kidm su hd trg tu bfin ngoai, tham gia
vao cac hoat ddng stnh ke mdi,... kha phd bidn d h p KTTS. Giai phip cit giam chi tieu dupe hg su dung nhidu nhat (59,1%), tidp ddn la giii phap vay vdn (27,6%). Day II nhung giii phip ung phd dugc da sd cac hd dinh g i l cd tic dgng tich ciic Ifin q u i tiinh phuc hdi suih kd cua hd. Trong dd, cit gilm chi tifiu da giup bd vuot qua duoe giai doan khd khan do m i t ngudn thu v l vay vdn tin dung giiip hd tii diu tu sau khi tac ddng cua su cd giam din.
Ddi vdi nhdm giii phap ung phd bang hinh Ihiie thich ling, cd 2 hinh thuc thich ling dugc cac hd I p dung, gdm: Ip dung cac thuc h i n h mdi va thuc hifin thay ddi, didu chinh tiong chinh hoat ddng sinh kd bi Inh hirdng. Giai phap ap dung cic thuc h i n h mdi tiong HDSK thuy sin hi anh hudng d hp KTTS chidm 61,9% sd hd. De ung phd thay vi chiu dung thi phan Idn ngu dan cdn lai chgn phuong thiic thich ling la lam mdi, thay ddi v l tidp tuc thuc hifin hoat ddng tao thu nhap dd kidm sdng, thay ddi nhu thay vi trudc dly danh ca tang dly gid chuydn sang khai thlc ca tang mat- day cung 11 giai phap dupe phin ddng sd hd lira chpn hoac dau tu manh hon cho NTTS thay vi tnrde day chi chu trong vao KITS, hoac llm thfim cac nghd dich vu hau can nghd ca, thay vi chi chuyfin lam khai thlc nhu hifin tai, chuyen tir KITS gin bd sang KTTS xa bd.
Ben canh nhung hd ling phd blng chdng chiu hoac thich ting thi cung tdn tai mdt ty lfi ding kd cac hp ling phd bang each chuyen ddi sinh ke. Trong do, cd khoing 10,0% cic hd dupe khao sit thuc hifin chuyen ddi dudi dang md rdng cac HDSK phu nhu chan nudi, trdng trgt de thay thd hoat ddng lien quan den thiiy sin. Cung vdi do, khoang 2,0% tu bd d c HDSK chinh Ufin quan ddn thuy- hai sin de chuydn sang cac nginh nghe khlc. Mac dii ty le hg md rdng cic HDSK phu hrong ddi thap. Tuy nhien, tbeo elc hg vific md rdng nly da phit huy hifiu qua phin nIo khi hg da cd thfim ngudn thu h i n g ngay hoac cac ngudn tiiu bd sung tiong giai doan khd khan. Ddi vdi hd KTTS, viec chuyen ddi nghd cho ddi tupng nly cue ky khd hay ndi dung ra 11 khdng the do mot sd nguyen nhan: tudi cao, trinh dp thap, ngai thay ddi va khdng quen vdi cle loai hinh ndng nghifip khlc.
Bfin canh cle phuong thuc ling phd m l hd KTTS da Ip dung dd llm giam tic dpng va tiuet hai tii su cd mdi tiwng thi Chinh phu vl chinh quyen dia phuang ddng vai trd hd ti-g chung, giiip ngudi dan dn dinh tlm ly, ddi sdng smh hoat v l boat ddng san xuat cua
hd. Su hd tra nly da giiip hd sdm dn dinh san xuat va ddi sdng. CIc hinh tiiuc ho tra bao gdni: (1) Ho tig gao, (2) Hd ti-o blng tidn v l (3) Hd tro cdng tac xa hpi tiieo Quydt duih sd 772/QD-Trg v l Quyfit dinh sd 1138/QD-TTg ciia Thu tirdng Chinh phu nhu hd b-g khan cap 15 kg gao dinh bdng/ngudi/tiiing b-ong tiidi gian 6 tiiang hoac tien mat dd giai quydt cic san pham tiiuy sin hi d nhidm; 100% hd cung nhan duge tidn mat nhu mdt phan bdi tiiudng cho cac sin pham v l tiiu nhap hi m a t Nhiing hd tig k}p tiidi v l nhanh chdng cua Chinh phu v l chinh quydn dia phuang da gdp phan vio vific dn duih ddi sdng, hoat ddng san xuat ciia bd v l q u i tiinh phuc hdi sinh kd ciia hd KTTS.
Nhin chung, elc hd h-g cua Chinh phu v l chi tii ddn bu cung da kip thdi, diing ddi tugng, tao dugc nidm tin cho cdng ddng KTTS, thuc day ngirdi dan vuan khai b i m bien sau su cd. Tuy nhien, muc dd den bii vln cdn chua thuc su tuong xiing v l hgp ly din ddn kha nang phuc hdi sau su cd cua mdt so nhdm hp vln cdn thap, dac bifit nhdm hp nghfio hoac chuyen KITS.
4.4. Kdt qua phuc hdi smh kd ciia hd KITS Tdng thdi gian khi su cd mdi trudng bidn xay ra (4/2016) ddn tiidi gian thuc hi^n khao sit II 30 thing. Hd KTTS da I p dung cic giai phip de h ^ chd thiet hai, tang cudng k h i nang chdng chiu va phuc hdi lai boat ddng KTTS, dam bao ngudn thu nhip vl dn dinh cudc sdng. Ciing vdi vific hd KITS Ip dyng cle giai phap ting phd la su hd trg chung cua Chinh phu v l chinh quyen dia phuong da giup hd KITS sdm dn dinh cudc sdng va tiep tuc thuc Iii§n ho^t ddng KITS. Mirc dp phuc hdi thu nhap duge tdng hpp d bang 6.
Bang 6. Muc dO phuc hdi ihu n h | p aJa ngu hd sau sv cd(%sdhO)
chi tieiu Dudi 75% thu nhap 76-100% thu nhap Tren 100% thu nhap
Tdng the 15,5 35,0 49,5
Hd ngu da dang 9,0 35,4 55,6
Chuydn KITS
68,2 31,8
Ngudn: Sdlieu didu tra, 2018 Kdt qua nghien cuu cho thay, den thdi didm didu tra (nam 2018) qua khao sat chi gan 50* sd hd dupc xem nhu phuc hdi hoan tpan vd thu nhap, Didu nay chiing td la anh hudng su cd la cue ky nghiem trpng va lau dai ddi vdi nhdm ho KTTS. Myt diem dang Imi
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
y, ddi vdi nhdm hd chuyfin khai thlc chua cd hd nIo dat dupe miic dp phuc hdi 100% thu nhap, trong khi dd ddi vdi nhdm da dang sinh kd da cd mdt sd hd tuang ddi Idn (49,5%) da phuc hdi vd thu nhap. Nhu v|y, cd thd tiiay da dang hoi ngudn thu cua hd la giai phip quan tipng tiong phuc hot thu nhap cua hp hi anh hirdng bi su c6.
Su CO mdi trudng bien nam 2016 la mdt su cd moi tnrdng ngoli y mudn. Tuy nhien, tiong bdi canh thuc day phat tridn kmh td qudc gia, kinh td vung mien, chiing ta khdng the ludng trudc duge cle su cd tiong tuong lai. Dd cd luan cii phuc vu cho viec xay dung cac gilt phip irng phd cua cdng ddng/ngu ho trong tuong Iai ddi vod nhung sir cd tuong tu cd thd xay ra II rat quan trpng. Kdt qua nay cung da phan anh dupe nhirng bli hgc ling phd bi nhiing su cd mdi trudng bat thudng cua hp thdng qua nhirng bli hgc kinh nghifim tii su cd da xiy ra, cung nhu hifiu qua vd nang cao nhin thuc cua ngudi dan thdng qua cic hoat dgng nang cao nang lire sau su cd mdi tnrdng.
5. KET LUAN
Nghifin ciiu nly da chi ra ring su cd da gay ra nhidu tic ddng tifiu cue ddn ddi sdng, sinh ke cua nhdm hp khao sat. Tinh ddn thdi diem dieu tra (nam 2018) trung binh thdi gian mdi hg chiu anb hudng cua su cd khoing 23 thang, trong do nhdm hp chuyfin KITS chiu anh hudng ddn 30 thing, binh quan tdng thifit hai cua hd phai chiu 11 hon 231 tnfiu ddng/hd. Su cd mdi trudng bidn da tie dpng ldn ddn sinh kd ciia hp KITS, cd 51,5% sd hd duoe hdi cho ring tic ddng 11 rat nghiem tiong, 47,0% sd hd cho ring nghifim tipng.
Hd da dua ra v l thuc hien nhidu giai phip ting phd, trong dd giai phip gilm chi tifiu cua hd dugc sd hp ap dung nhidu nhat. Giai phap ap dung cic thuc hanh mdi tiong hoat dpng sinh kd thiiy san anh hudng (boat ddng KTTS) duoe hd sir dung dd tang cudng nang Iuc KTTS cua hd, tang cmmg kha nang tiiich ung tiong khai tiiac cua hd. Tuy nhien cac giai phip dugc dua ra chu ydu II elc nhdm giai phap chm dung nhim gilm nhe tic hai han la phan khlng lai vdi thifit hai tii su cd. Mdt sd hd da chit ddng thuc hien elc giai phip chuyen ddi sinh kd nhu chuyen ddi nghd nghifip hoac chuydn h i n sang NTTS, cung nhu cac nginh nghd khlc nhtmg cung chua dem lai hidu qua cao. Muc dd phuc hdi tai thdi didm 30 thing (sau sir cd') cd 49,5% sd hd da phuc hdi hoan toln, tiong dd nhdm chuyen KTTS chua cd hd nIo dat ty
lfi nly. Didu nly cho thay ring su cd mdi trudng bien gay ra he qua lau dii, can thidt phai cd nhirng bifin phap hifiu qui ban tiong vific img phd ndu su cd cdn difin ra tirong tu.
Sau su cd mdi trudng bidn, vdi su hd tig cua Chinh phu, su ting phd cua ngirdi din thi vific phuc hdi lai thu nhap cung nhu dn dinh ddi sdng cua ngudi dan budc diu cung da mang lai mpt sd ket qui kha quan.
TAI LIBI THAM KHAO
1. Nguyfin Quang Pbuc vl Lfi Anh Qiiy, 2017. Su CO moi trudng bien mien Tmng va tac dpng cua no den viic lim va thu nhip cua lao dpng: Nghiin cuu tmdng hpp tai xi Vmh Hai, huyin Phu Ldc, tinh Thita Thiin -Hue.
2. Vifin Han lam Khoa hgc vl Cdng nghfi Vifit Nam, 2018. Bao cao tham luan Xlc dinh nguyfin nhan gay ra sir cd mdi trudng bien tai 4 tinh mien Trung.
3. Adger, W Neil, et al., 2005. Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science no. 309 (5737):1036-1039.
4. Bene, Cbristophe, et dl., 2014. Resilience, poverty and development Joumal of Intemational Development no. 26 (5):598-623.
5. Constas, M, et al, 2014. A common analytical model for resihence measurement causal h-amework and methodological options. Food Security Information Network Resilience Measurement Technical Working Group.
6. Bene, Cbristophe, et al., 2016. Is resilience socially constructed.^ Empirical evidence h-om Fiji.
Ghana, Sn Lanka, and Vietnam. Global environmental change no. 38:153-170.
7. Klein, Richard JT, et al., 2003. Resihence to natural hazards: How useful is this concept.^ Global environmental change part B: environmental hazards no. 5(l):35-45.
8. Le Thi Al Lifin, 2018. Smh kdcua ngu dan sau su cd mdi trudng bien tai cic xi ven bien huyin Tneu Phong, tinh Quing Tri. Trudng Dai hpc Kmh te. Dai hpc Hue.
9. Regnier, Philippe, 2007. From post-tsunami emergency assistance to livelihood recovery in South India. Intemational Federation Terre des hommes.
KHOA HOC C6NG NGH|
10. Rosa, Josianne Claudia Sales and Luis E 12. Tran Tho Dat va Vu Thi Hoai Thu. 2011. Su Sanchez, 2015. Is the ecosystem service concept thich ung cua sinh ke ven bien truoc 1^'' '^""^ ™^
improving impact assessment? Evidence tom bidn ddi khi hau: Nghien cuu dien hinh t^ huyen recent international practice. Environmental Impact Giao Thuy, tinh Nam Dinh. Tap chi Kmh te va Phat Assessment Review no. 50:134-142. trien. No. 171.
11. Thorburn, Craig, 2009. Livelihood recovery 13. Vaitla, Bapu, et al.. 2012. Resilience and in the wake of the tsunami w Aceh. Bulletin of livehhoods change in Tigray, Ethiopia. Somerville, Indonesian economic studies no. 45 (1):85-105. MA: Tufts University, Feinstein InteraaBonal
Center.
IMPACTS, RESPONSE SOLUTIONS AND RECOVERY RESULTS OF FISHERIES EXPLOITING SEAFOOD FROM THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE AFTER THE MARINE ENVIRONMENTAO INCIDENT
(FORMOS/mN2016
Nguyen Ngoc Truyen, Cao Thi Thuyet, Nguyen Van Thanh, Le Thi Hoog Phuong Summary
This study evaluated tlie impact, resistance and livelihood abibties of fishing households before the impact of environmental mcidents sea Formosa m 2016 for fishing households in Thua Thien - Hue province. The results show the average lime of each household affected by the incident was about 23 months in which the group of households specializing in the affected area was 30 months, the value of damage of the household up to 97.8% of touil income. The affected households have implemented coping soludons. In particular, the solution to reduce household expenditure, apply new practices in the livelihood activities is used by the fishing households and results m the rehabilitation process. Level of recovery at 30 months (after the incident) achieved 49.5% of households had recovered completely, which households specialize in lishing has not rebound in eammgs. The government's emergency relief, damage compensation, and social assistance solutions are evaluated to be effective for restoring households' Hvelihoods after the incident.
Keywords: Formorsa, impact assessment, adaptation, resilience livelihoods, near-shore fishing.
NguM phan bi$n: GS.TS. NguySn Van Song Ngiy nhjn bSi: 20/^/201X1
Ngiy th6ng qua phin bi^n: 20/3/2020 Ngiy duyet ding: 27/3/2020
DINH CHlNH
Trong Tap chi so Chuyen de Gidng cay trOng, vat nuoi, xuat ban thing 12 nim 2019, trang 101 - 109 CO dang bai: " NCHiM Cl/U DINH LOAI T6M HUM O VI$TNAM BANG MA VACH AND', tic gia: NguySn Anh Hieu, Nguyin NguySn Thanh Nhon, Dang Thiiy Binh, Duong Vin Sang, Pham Thi Hanh.
Do so xuat trong qui trinh bien soan bai bao da ghi thieu tSn tic gii, nay xin duoc bd sung nhu sau: NguySn Anh HiSu', NguySn NguySn Thanh Nhon^ Dang Thiiy Binh', Duong Vin S a n r , Tnrong Thi Oanh^ Pham Thi Hanh' (' Bd Khoa hoc vi Cong nghe; ^ Vien NghiSn ciiu Nudi trdng thuy san 3; 'ViSn Cdng nghe sinh hpc va Mdi trudng, Trudng Dai hgc Nha Trang, ' Vien Nudi trdng Thuy san, Trudng Dai hoc Nha Trang).
Thanh that xin ldi quy ddc gii!
Nhdm tic gii bii bio
