V.I.LENIN BAO VE, PHAT TRIEN LY LUAN CUA C M C VA PH.ANGGHEN VE QUAN DOI CACH MANG
-k Trung ta, TS NGUYEN THANH HAI Hoc vien Chinh tri. Bo Qudcphdng
9T6m tdt: Trong cugc ddi hogt dgng cdch mgng ciia minh, V.LLenin da nhieu ldn khang diiih gid tri khoa hgc, bdn chdt cdch mgng dong thdi bo sung phdt trien sdng tgo, todn dien ly ludn cita CMdc vd Ph.Angghen ve qudn dgi, ldm cho LLgc thuyet Mdc-Lenin ve qudn ddi hodn bi hdn vd mangy nghia thdi dgi sdu sdc. Nhiing ngi dung V.LLenin bdo ve, phdt triln l^ ludn cita CMdc vd Ph.Angghen vequdn dgi Id kim chi nam cho Bdng Nhd ntidc ta tiep tuc hodn thien Chien liidc bdo ve To quoc phit hdp vdi tinh hinh mdi, ndng cao siic mgnh chien ddu ciia Qudn dgi, xdy dting nen qudc phdng todn ddn viing mgnh, hdo ve vUng chdc To quoc Viet Nam XHCN. Bong thdi, ddu tranhphdn bdc cdc quan diem sai trdi, thii dich ddi "phi chinh tri hda" qudn dgi.
• Tii khda: V.LLenin, ly ludn cita CMdc vd Ph.Angghen ve qudn dgi.
C
udi thd k^ XK d^u the ky XX, chti nghia tu ban phat trien sang giai doan chti nghia dd qudc; phong trao cdng san va cdng nhan qudc td phat tridn nhanh chdng. Vdi nudc Nga, tinh hinh kinh td, chinh hi, xa hdi didn bidn mau le; dd qudc Nga trd thanh khau ydu nhat trong stri day chuyen ctia chii nghia dd qudc. Nudc Nga tap trung mpi mau thuan ca ban, trd thanh trung tam cila phong trao each mang the gidi va btrdc vao "dem truoc ctia each mang v6 san".Sir bimg nd Cuoc chidn ttanh thd gidi thii I va chien ttanh bao vd Td qudc XHCN chong lai su can thiep cua "thu ttong, giac ngoai" nhSm thu tieu nudc Cong hdaXovidt non tte da dat ra viec
td chtic, xay dung quan ddi, ddu tranh vd ttang, gianh chinh quyen bSng bao luc each mang la van de true tidp, cap bach cho giai cap vd san.
De dap ling yeu cau do can cd ly luan khoa hgc din dudng, va V.I.Lenin da dap iing kip thdi ddi hdi nay.
Bang thd gidi quan, phuong phap luan ciia chu nghta duy vat bidn chting, vdi tti tue uydn bac, Idng nhidt thanh each mang, kinh nghiem thuc ttdn phong phti, VI.Lenin da kien tti bao ve, phat ttien toan dien, sau sac Iy luan C.Mac va Ph Aigghen ve quSn ddi phil hop vdi thuc hdn each mang cda nudc Nga.
1. V.LLeniii bao ve, phat triln cac quan diem cia CMac va Ph.Anggheii vl quan 4oi
LVLUAN CHINHTR!-Soi 4/2020
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KY NIEM 150 N A M N G A Y SINH V.I.LlNINVI.Lenin vd nhimg nguai iinh Hong qudn tren dudng den Ba Lan _ Tranh ve: Isaak Brodsky Thunhat, ve ngudn gdcra ddi cua quan ddi.
Xudt phdt tu cac quan he kinh tg-xd hpi hien thtic, tu van de ve giai cap, ddu tranh giai cap, vg nha nudc, V.I.Lgnin da luan giai sdu sdc ly ludn cua C.Mdc vd Ph.Angghen vg ngudn gdc ra ddi eua quan dpi khi khdng dinh qudn dpi ra ddi gdn hen vdi su ra ddi ctia nha nudc; quan dpi la mdt td chdc dde biet eua nhd nudc. Ngudn gdc sdu xa dan den su ra ddi ctia qudn dpi la tu su ra ddi chg dp chiem huu tu nhan ve tu lieu san xuat. Ngudn gdc true tiep ddn dgn su xudt hien va tdn tai eua quan dpi la su phdn chia giai cdp va ddi khang giai cap ttong xa hdi cd giai cap.
Khi xa hdi xudt hien ehe dd tu hdu vd ddi khang giai cdp Id ngudn gdc khach quan dan dgn su xuat hien nha nudc. Tu dd, V.I.Lenm chi ra: Nhd nudc hinh thdnh mdt lire lupng dac biet, tuc la nhtmg dpi vu trang dac biet dupe tao ra de bao
ve lpi ich cua minh, dan dp quan chiing nhan dan lao dpng.
V.I.Lenin dd phan tich rat sau sdc vg su ra ddi cua quan dpi vd sii quan tdm cua cae nha nudc tdi vigc xay dimg, cung cd qudn ddi. Ngudi da khdi qudt su ra ddi va xdy dung, cung cd qudn dpi ttong lich sti de chiing mmh van de nay. Trong xa hpi chiem huu nd Ig, cac linh virc cua ddi sdng xd hdi nhu kmh te, chfnh tii, ddi sdng tinh than da phai tinch ung vdi cae nhu eau cua td chuc qudn sulam nhiem vu bao ve lpi ieh cda giai cap thdng tii bdc lot va ddi sdng chinh tri - xd hdi cd xu hudng ngay cang hi quan sir hoa. Qua trinh dd dupe phat tngn hon nua ttong che dp phong kign va dat tdi dinh cao ttong giai doan de qudc chu nghIa cua chu nghia tu ban. V.I.Lenm chi rd:
"ehu nghia qudn phiet hidn dai do nhung quan he xd hdi tu ban quy dinh, la "bieu hien sinh
LYLUAN CHINH TRj-Sd4/2020
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ddng" cua chu nghia tu ban: La lire lugng qudn su ma cac nudc tu ban chu nghia dung ttong nhdng cupc xung ddt cua chung vdi nudc ngoai... va la vu khi ma cdc giai cdp thdng tti ndm Idy dg dan dp mpi phong ttao (kmh te va chinh tri) eua giai cdp vd san"'".
Thuhai, viban chat cua quin ddi. V.I.Lgnin tidp tuc khang dinh, ban chdt cua quan dpi gdn Ugn vdi ban chdt giai cap, nhd nude td chuc ra qudn dpi va ludn giai sdu hon: "Khdng phai chi dudi chmh thg qudn chu, quan dpi mdi la cdng cu dan dp. Nd vdn la cdng cii dan dp ttong tat ca cdc chinh the cdng hda tu san, kd ca nhung chinh thg cdng hda dan chu nhat"'^'. Ban chdt cda quan dpi la cdng cu bao luc vd ttang eua mdt giai cdp, nhd nudc nhdt dinh nhdm bao vd lpi ich can ban cua giai cap, nha nudc ay; ttong lich sd chua cd mdt quan ddi ndo chidn dau vi lpi ieh chung eua tat ca cac giai cap. Ban chdt giai cdp cda qudn ddi phu thudc vao ban chat cua giai cap, nha nudc td chuc, nudi dudng va su dung qudn ddi. V.I.Lenm khang dinh, quan ddi tiiudng true va canh sat Id nhiing cdng cu vu luc chu ygu cda quyen luc nha nudc. Ngudi cung vach ttdn tinh chdt phdn ddng, phdn khoa hpc cua cde quan diem tu san vg ban chat cua qudn dpi vd khang dinh: Hien nay cung nhu trade Ida va sau nay qudn dpi se khdng bao gid cd the trung ldp dupe; nghia la, khdng cd qudn dpi ndo ra ddi vd tdn tai lai thoat ly khdi cdc quan hg chinh tii, giai cdp hien thue cua nd.
Thuba, vi cac Miu quin ddi.V.l.l^mid.ilam sau sde hon lyludn cua CMdc va Ph.Angghen ve cac kidu quan ddi. Ngudi ludn giai, khi chti nghia tuban ra ddi dua tdd sir xudt hidn va tdn tai quan dpi tir san ttong lich su. Day Id cdng cti bao liic vu ttang cda nha nudc tu san dg duy tri cac quan he bdc lot, thuc hien dudng ldi chinh tri cua giai cap tu san, thuc hien chinh sach thuc ddn cu va
mdi ctia chu nghia de qudc, bilu hien d viec dan dp eac phong tiao cdeh mang cua giai cdp vd san va quan chung r±an ddn lao ddng, xam chiem Idnh thd cac nudc khde, cung cd chg dp bdc lot tu ban chu nghia. V.LLenin nhdn manh, quan dpi ciia nhd nudc tu ban la cdng cti vimg chdc nhdt de duy tti va bao ve chg dd eu, la phuong tien quan tipng dg r±a nudc tu ban dat dupe cac muc tigu ehinh tri phi nghia. Vdi sir ra ddi cua rtiia nudc XHCN tat ygu dua tdi su ra ddi mdt qudn dpi kieu mdi - quan dpi XHCN.
Thd tu, vi quan ddi kiiu mdi va nhdng nguyen tac chu yiu xiy dung quan ddi kiiu mdi cda giai cap vd san. Day la edng hien to ldn cda V.I.Lenin trong viec bd sung, phat trign ly ludn ctia C.Mac va Ph Angghen vg qudn dpi kbi trinh bay sir ra ddi, ban chdt, chuc nang cua quan dpi XHCN. Ngudi khang dinh, quan dpi XHCN Id quan ddi kigu mdi; qudn dpi cua giai cdp vd san ra ddi gan vdd phong ttao each mang cua giai cap vd san vd su ra ddi cda nhd nudc vd san, thtic hien viec bao ve Ipd Ich ctia quang dai qudn chiing nhdn dan lao ddngva giai cap vd san; giai cap vd san mudn la giai cdp thdng tri va gianh thang lpi trong cudc dau tranh chdng lai chu nghia dg qudc, chdng lai su dp hue, bdc Id, nd dich cua giai cdp tu san, thi phai td chuc ra quan ddi cua mmh va xay dtmg luc luong dd dd manh dd chign thang chd nghia de qudc, xay dung chg dp xahdi mdi-XHCN.
Ttr yeu cau tat ygu phai bao ve thanh qua each mang bdng stic manh bao lire vu trang va xdy dung chinh quyen Xdviet, V.I.Lgnin chi ro, phai td chuc, cung cd quan ddi (Hdng qudn) vung manh. Nhat thidt: "Can cd qudn dpi each mang de ddu tranh bdng quan su va lanh dao qudn chung ve mat qudn su chdng lai nhung tan du cda Itie lupng qudn su cua che dp chuyen ehg. Can cd qudn dpi each mang vi
LV LUAN CHINHTR!-So 4/2020
^ 1 K^ NIEM 150 N A M N G A Y SINH V.I.LENIN
nhting vdn dg ljch sii vi dai chi cd the dupe giai quyet bSng vu luc, ma trong cudc dau tranh hien dai, thi td chuc vu luc cd nghia la td chtic quan su"'^'.
V.I.LenIn bd sung, phat trien ly luan ve td chtic, xay dtmg qudn dpi kieu mdi rat sdu sac, todn dien. Sau Cach mang Thdng Mudi, ddu nam 1918, Ngudi da ky sac lenh thanh lap Hdng qudn va Hdi qudn cdng-ndng. V.I.Lenin ttinh bay ro tinh chat, chue ndng, nhiem vti, nhung nguygn tdc ea ban ttong td chtic vd xdy dimg qudn dpi kieu mdi. Theo Ngudi, quan dpi XHCN la cdng cu bao luc vu ttang dg thuc hien dudng ldi chinh tri cua giai cap cdng nhan va r±a nude XHCN. Ban chat giai cap cdng nhdn cua qudn dpi xd hdi chu nghia do ban chat cua che dp xa hdi mdi quy dinh, dupe bieu hidn d cdc ddc trung ve chinh tri, xa hdi va khac biet ve chat so vdi cac qudn ddi ttong lich su. Giai cdp cdng nhdn va nhd nude xd hdi chu nghia quygt dinh mue tigu, ly tiidng chign dau va nguygn tdc td chuc, co che Idnh dao ddi vdi quan dpi. He tu tiidng cua giai cap cdng nhan giir vi tri thdng tri ddi vdi quan dpi XHCN, la CO sd eua sue manh chinh tri va chi phdi den ddi sdng tinh than cua quan nhdn ttong quan ddi.
V.I.Lenin da chi ra dac tnmg quan ttpng rtiiat va cdi ngudn chu ygu cua sue manh qudn dpi XHCN Id sir lanh dao cua dang cdng san ddi vdd qudn dpi. Suldnh dao do the hien loan dien nhu:
Xae dinh muc tigu, ly tudng, nhiem vu cho quan dpi, phuong hudng, bien phap de eung ed va tang cudng sue manh chien ddu cho quan dpi.
Cdc td chuc dang, dodn... dpi ngu can bp ttong quan dpi cd nhiem vti qudn triet vd thtie Men dudng ldi chinh tri, chlnh sach cua dang. Ngudi chi rd: "d dau ma chinh sdch cua dang dupe thi hartii nghiem chinh nhat,... d ddy thu dupe nhigu thdng lpi hon"'*'.
Trong digu kign mdi, V.I.Lemn chi ro, ngay tu khi ra ddi, quan dpi XHCN mang tinh nhdn dan sau sdc. Va chi cd qudn dpi XHCN mdi thnc su Id qudn dpi phuc vti nhan ddn va bao ve Ipd ich quan chung lao dpng. Tmh nhan dan cua quan dpi XHCN ti^oc het la do nhiem vti va chiic ndng ma quan dpi thuc hien; do mdi hen he bgn chat giua quan dpi vdi nhdn dan lao ddng. V.LLenin phan tich, vdi qudn dpiXHCN, ban ehdt giai cap, tinh nhdn dan vd tinh ddn tdc cd su thdng nhdt chat che vdi nhau. Day la nguyen tdc quan ttpng nhat ttong xdy dung quan dpi XHCN. Sti thdng nhdt dy bdt ngudn tu thdng nhdt vi lpi Ich cda giai cap edng nhan vdi lpi ich cua dan tpc. Quan he gida cac qudn nhdn thudc ede ddn tpc khac nhau dupe xdy dung ttgn ldp trudng cua giai cdp cdng nhan, thuc su binh ddng, than ai, tdn tipng va tin tudng lan nhau. Tiep dd, qudn dpi XHC- Ncdn mang tinh qudc td sdu sdc. Ngodi viec thuc hien cac nhiem vu ddi vdi su nghiep each mang ttong nudc, qudn dpi XHCN edn phai thuc hien cdc nghia vu qudc te cao ca.
Thunim, ve siic manh chiin dau cua quan ddi vd san. V.LLenin phdn tich, sau khi giai cap vd san gidnh dupe chirtii quyen va bdt tay vdo xay dung xd hdi mdi, tdn tich cua xa hdi eu vdn cdn; chu nghia dg qudc, cac the luc thu dich trong vd ngoai nudc tiep tue chdng pha cdng cudc xdy dtmg XHCN. Vi vdy, xay dung, cung cd qudn dpi, tang eudng stic manh qudc phdng vTJng chae la yeu cau khach quan ttong su nghigp cdch mang XHCN. Ngudd khdng dinh:
"Su bgn viing cua nudc cdng hoa ttong chign dau chdng dg qude, thdng Ipd cua chu nghia xa hdi d Nga vd tten todn the gidi deu tuy tirudc vao su tdng cudng qudn ddi"'^'. Theo do, giai cap vd san phai tang cudng sue manh chien dau ctia qudn ddi, bao dam giu vung moi truong hda bmh dg thuc hien tiidng lpi nhiem vu xay dung
LfLUAN CHiNH TRhSd 4/2020
CNXH tten th^ gidi va d mdi mrdc. Va: "Trong mdi budc di den hda binh, ehung ta deu phai ddc todn luc ra dg hoan todn san sang chien dau, tuygt ddi khdng dupe giai gidp quan ddi ehdng ta. Quan ddi cua chung ta la mdt bao dam thue su khign cho cac cudng qudc dd qudc chu nghia khdng dam cd ehdt mim toan hanh ddng gi, muu toan xdm pham g^ ddi vdi chiing ta dupc"'^'.
V.I.Lenin da bd sung, phdt trign ly ludn cua C.Mac va PhAngghen khi ddc biet nhan manh yeu td chlnh tri, tinh than, ky luat, vd khi, ttang bi ky tiiuat vd khoa hpc ttong sue manh chien dau cua qudn dpi vd san, ttong dd chinh tri-tinh thdn va ky luat la yeu td cd y nghia quyet dinh nhdt. Ngudi nhdn manh: "Trong mpi cudc ehign ttanh, rdt cudc thdng lgi deu tuy thude vao tinh tiidn cua qudn chting dang dd mdu ttgn chien tradng"'^. Tinh than cua quan dpi phii thudc rdt ldn vao chg dd kirtii tg, vai ttd Idnh dao cua giai cap cam quyen va muc dich chinh tri cua chidn ttanh. V.LLgnin ludn giai: "Ldng tin vao cudc chign ttanh chinh nghia, su gidc ngd rdng, edn phdi hy smh ddi minh cho hanh phuc cua nhung ngudi anh em la ygu td ndng cao tinh than eua binh sy vd ldm eho hp chiu dung dupe nhung khd khdn chua tdng thdy""''. Ngudi phan tich, ygu td tinh thdn eua quan dpi XHCN cdn phti thupc vdo boat dpng cdng tac dang, cdng tdc chinh tn ttong quan dpi: "d dau ma cdng tac chinh tri ttong quan dpi, cdng tdc etia eac chinh uy lam dupe chu dao nhdt, thi d ddy... tmh than cua hp cdng cao hon"'^'.
Tigp dd, V.I.Lenin da phan tich vai ttd to ldn ciia k^ ludt quan ddi. Ngudi yeu cau quan dpi phdi cd k^ luat chat ehe, nghigm minh, thdng nhdt cao vg y ehi va hanh ddng dd tao nen siic manh. Bdd vi, "6 ddu ma k^ luat giu dupe vung nhat... 6 day khdng hg cd tinh ttang long leo ttong qudn dpi, quan dpi giu ^ dupe ttat tu tdt
hon"""', se gianh dupe nhigu tiidng lpi. V.I.Lgnm luan gidi sau sdc hon mdi quan he giua con ngirdi va vu khi, ttang bi ky tiiuat. Theo Ngudi, trong chidn tranh, con ngudd la ygu td quyet dinh tiidng lpi. Song, yeu td con ngudd phdi gan vdd vd khi, trang bi ky tiiuat. Ygu td tinh than ehi cd thg phat huy dupe tdc dung khi dira tren mot CO sd vdt chdt nhat dinh. Tmh than cua qudn dpi dii cao den ddu cung khdng thg la yeu td duy nhdt dam bao thdng lpi ttgn chien trudng.
V.I.Lenin cho rang: "Mdt dpi qudn gidi nhat, nhiing ngudi trung thdnh nhdt vdd sir nghiep each mang cung deu se lap tiie hi ke thu tieu diet, neu hp khdng dupe vu trang, tiep te luong thirc va huan luyen ddy du"'^". Ngudi cdn chi ra van dg cd tinh quy ludt ndi len la ygu td khoa hgc quy dinh rdt ldn den sir van ddng, phdt trien siic martii chign dau cua qudn dpi. "Khdng ed khoa hoe thi khdng the xay dimg dupe mdt quan dpi hidn dai"''^' va khoa hpc tdc ddng rdt ldn tdi cae yeu td eau thanh cua sue manh chien dau eua qudn dpi.
Thiisau, vehoc thuyit bao vi Td qudc xahdi chu nghia. Trung thdnh vdd tu tudng vu ttang quan chung bao ve thdnh qua each mang XHCN ctia C.Mac va Ph.Angghen; tir thuc ti§n ddu tranh bao ve nha nudc xa hdi chd nghia ddu tign tren thd gidi va chinh quyen Xdvigt non tte; V.I.Lgnin da xay dung ngn hpc thuydt bao ve Td qudc XHCN vdd rtiiung van dg co ban, ed tinh nguyen tde. Khdng dinh tinh tdt ygu khdch quan cua viee bao ve Td qudc XHCN, V.I.Lenin tuyen1)d; "Ke tu ngdy 25-10-1917, chdng ta la nhting ngudd chu truong bao ve td qude. Chung ta tan thanh "bao ve td qudc", nhiing cupc ehien ttanh giu nudc ma chung ta dang di tdi. Id mdt cupc chien ttanh bao ve td qude xd hdi chu nghia, bao ve chu nghia xd hdi vdi ti'nh each la td qudc, bao ve nudc Cpng hda
LfLUAN CHfNHTR!-So 4/2020
^ 1 K^ NIEM 150 N A M N G A Y SINH V.I.LENIN
Xd-vigt vdd tinh each la mdt don vi ttong dao qudn the gidd cua ehii nghia xa hpi"'^^'.
V.I.Lenin xac dinh muc tieu, nhidm vu bao ve Td qudc XHCN la bdo ve CNXH vdd tmh each la td qudc, bao ve Nha nudc Xdviet non tte, bao ve thdnh qua each mang. Trong edng cudc bao vg Td qudc XHCN phai chdng lal su tan cdng bdng vu trang cua chu nghia dg qude vd cac thd luc phan ddng muu toan ldt dd nhd nudc XHCN, tlu phuong thuc ddu traiih la phai tien hdnh mdt cudc chien tranh vu ttang dg bao ve Td qudc. Ve Itic lupng bao ve Td qudc XHCN, V.I.Lenm nhan manh dgn qudn chimg lao ddng, cdng - ndng - binh dudi sir Idnh dao cua dang cdng san, str td chiic, quan ly ciia chinh quyenXdviet. Ngudi chi ra sue maitii bao ve Td quoc XHCN la siic manh tdng hpp, ca stic manh vat chat va stie manh tinh thdn; ttong dd cdn ddc biet chu ttpng xay dung va phat huy siic manh tinh than trong ehien ttanh bao ve Td qudc, phat huy vai ttd lanh dao ctia dang cdng sdn va vai ttd td chuc, quan ly eua Nha nudc Xdvigt.
V.I.Lenin dd bd sung van dg xdy dtmg va eung ed qude phdng: "Chinh vi chung ta chu ttuong bao ve To qudc, ndn chung ta ddi hdi phai cd mdt thai dp nghigm tiic ddi vdi vdn de kha ndng qude phdng va ddi vdd van de ehuan bi chign ddu cua nude nhd"'^*', va nghia vu tuyet ddi eua todn the quan chung lao ddng la dem hgt siic minh ra de khdi phuc va tang cudng kha ndng qude phdng ctia dat nudc. Ngudi dat nhiem vu bao ve Td qudc di ddi vdd nhidm vti xdy dung CNXH. V.I.Lenin khdng dinh: Khi chung ta bdt tay vdo edng cuoc hda binh kien thigt cua chting ta, thi ehung ta se dem het siic minh dg tien hanh edng cudc do khdng ngimg;
ddng thdi, edn cham lo dgn kha ndng qude phdng va Hdng qudn nhu chdm lo eon nguod cua mat mhih.
2. Y nghia thu-c tiln cua ly lu?" ^^^ "
Lenin ve quSn dpi trong boi canh hien nay Tren tiiuc tg, ndi dung V.I.Lenin bao ve, phdt tiien ly luan eua C.Mac va Ph Angghen vg quan dpi da tao nen tang rdt quan trpng dg xay dung quan dpi vo san, tiiuc ddy each mang vd sdn the gidi vd each mang nudc Nga phat trien; giup cac dang cdng san lanh dao, chi dao viec xay d^ng quan dpi dg ehien dau chdng lai chd nghia dg qude. Vdd viec xay dtmg Hdng qudn LidnXd, Hdi quan Xd-viet vd quan dpi vd san cua nhigu nudc ttgn thg gidd cd siic manh chien ddu cao, td chtic chat che, k^ luat nghiem minh, ky chign thudt, trang bi tdt, chien thdng su xdm lupc, bao vdy, tign edng cua cae nudc di qudc va su can thigp cua cdc the lue thu dich ddi vdi nudc Nga cung nhu nhidu nudc khac la minh ehdng sdu sdc vg gia tti va sue sdng ndi dung V.LLenin bao ve, phdt ttign ly luan cua C.Mac va Ph.Angghen vg quan dpi.
Van dtmg sang tao ndi dung V.LLenin bdo vg, phdt trign ly ludn cua C.Mac va PhAngghen ve quan dpi vdo thuc tiln each mang nudc ta, Dang Cdng san Viet Nam vd Chu tich Hd Chi Mmh rdt coi ttpng xay dung qudn dpi, nang cao sue manh chien ddu du stic danh bai cdc cupe chidn ttanh xam lupc cua thuc ddn Phdp va de qudc My.
Dang va Chu tich Hd Chl Minh dac biet quan tam xay dung quan dpi ta la qudn dpi kigu mdi, mang ban chdt cua giai cap cdng nhan, ddng thdi mang tinh nhan dan, tinh dan tdc sdu sdc va tinh than qudc te cao ca. Dang vd Chu tich Hd Chl Mmh thudng xuyen chu trpng viec ndng cao chat lupng tdng hpp va stic manh chien ddu ctia qudn ddi; eoi kf luat la sinh mgnh cua quan dpi va: "Kf ludt la ddng luc giu sue manh cua bd dpi""^'. Ra sue eung cd va day manh cong tdc chinh tti ttong qudn dpi, tao moi trudng dan chu, dodn ket cho bd dpi; cham lo bdi duong
LVLUANCHI'NHTR!-So4/2020
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nhdn td con ngudi ttong quan ddi tiiuc sir tinh, cd pham chat, nang luc toan dien, cd dao due cdch mang, tti thuc quan sti, sue khde va ttmh dd vdn hda, nhdt la dpi ngu can bd; ehu ttpng xdy dimg qudn dpi ve td chuc, dam bao su lanh dao tuyet ddi, true tigp cua Dang...
Hien nay, tinh hinh chinh tn, an nmh the gidd dign bign rat phiic tap; ttanh chdp Idnh thd, tdi nguygn, xdm pham chu quygn quoe gia, bien dao, xung dot sdc tdc, tdn giao, ean thigp ldt do, Ididng bd, chign ttanh etie bd,... dign ra gay gdt dnhigu khu vuc. Cdc nudc ldn dieu chinh chidn luge, viiahpp tdc, thda hiep, vua canh ttanh, dau ttanh, kigm che lan nhau. Nhung bieu hien cua chii nghia dan tdc cue doan, cudng quygn dp dat, chti nghia thuc dung ngay cang ndi len ttong quan he qudc ti. Van de an ninh phi ttuygn thdng tigp ttic di§n bign phuc tap, nhat la an mnh mang. Sir xudt hien nhieu nhan td mdi tdc ddng dgn quan dpi, dd dan ddn lam ttrdng ve ban chat giai edp eua quan dpi. Cung vdd dd, nudc ta hpi nhap qudc te ngdy cdng sdu rdng, toan dien, dang dat ra cho su nghiep xay dtmg va bao vd Td qudc, rihiem vii xay dung qudn dpi, eung cd qudc phdng nhiing ygu cau mdd ca ve lupng vd chat. Cupc dau tranh tren Hnh vuc tu tudng ly luan diln bign rat phtie tap. Cde thdluc thu dich ra stic xuyen tac, chdng pha chti nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh, ddi "phi chinh tii hda" quan dpi.
Trong bdi canh dd, ndi dung V.I.Lenin bao vg, phat ttign ly ludn cda C.Mac va Ph.Angghen ve qudn dpi ludn la kim chi nam dinh hudng ttong viec tiep can, nghign ctiu, ddnh gid khdch quan, todn dien tinh hinh thg gidd, khu vuc, ttong nudc, tuong quan so sdnh luc lupng;
nghign ciru vdn dg qudn ddi cdc nudc trdn thg gidi ttong thdi dai ngay nay (ve ngudn gde, ban chat cda quan dpi, siic manh chign ddu cua
quan dpi...). Trgn co sd dd de Dang va Nha nudc ta tigp tuc hoan thien chien lupc bao ve Td qude phu hgp tinh hinh mdi, hoach dinh dudng IdL chti truong dung ddn de ndng cao chat lugng tong hgp, sue manh chign dau cua quan dpL tang cudng cac tigm liic stie manh quan su qudc gia, cung cd nen quoc phdng toan ddn, chign tranh nhdn ddn vung chac;
phat huy stic manh, tri tue, truyen thdng ygu nudc cua ddn tdc Viet Nam, tao ra im thg mdd de bao ve vung chdc Td qudc Viet Nam XHCN.
Ddng thdi, dau ttanh, phan bdc cd higu qua cac quan digm sai trdi, thu dieh, nhung tu tudng dao ddng, thai dp uon hen, hoang sp trude cac tigm luc kinh tg, quan su, khoa hpc cdng nghg cua cdc "sieu cudng" D
(1) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, 1.17, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNpi, 2006, tt.227.
(2), (5) V.I,Lenin: Toan tap, t.37, Nxb Chlnh tti qudc gia, HaNpi, 2006, tr.610,114.
(3) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.lO, Nxb Chinh triqudc gia, HaNdi,2005,tt.376.
(4) V.LLenm; Toan tap, t.39, Nxb Chlnh tti qudc gia, HaNdi,2006,tt.65-66.
(6), (12) VLLenin; Toan tap, t.40, Nxb Chinh til qudc gia.HaNdi,2006,tt,288,210.
(7), (8) V.I.Lgnin: Toan tap. t.4I, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2006, tr.l47,147.
(9), (10} V.I.Lgnin: Toan tap, t.39, Nxb Chlnh tri qudc gia. Ha Noi, 2006, tr.66,66.
(II), (14) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.35, Nxb Chlnh tti qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2006, tt.497,480-481.
(13) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.36, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNdi,2006,tt.l02.
(15) Hd Chl Minh: Toan tap, t.4, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNpi,2011,tt.461.
LYLUAN CHINHTR!-So4/2020
