BAN CUA NGU^Ofl HMONG 6 TINH SON LA

Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd3-20I9

BAN CUA NGU^Ofl HMONG 6 TINH SON LA

P G S . T S . N g u y i n N g o c T h a n h V i e n D a n toe hoc

Tom tdi: Bdi viet neu len nhirng ddc diem noi bat vi bdn cua ngudi Hmdng a tinh San La nhu. it xen ke vai toe ngudi khdc; cdc thdnh vien trong bdn gan bd vdi nhau bang y thuc ddng ho vd quan he lang gieng; bo mdy tu qudn (gid bdn, truang bdn, truang hg, thay cung...) cd tieng noi quyet dinh trong to chuc doi song xa hoi vd phdt triin kinh ti a dia phuang; mdi bdn cd qui uac neng, ngi dung gdn bd thiet thuc vdi cdc lgi ich cua nguai ddn trong bdn, trong do tap trung vdo sic dung ddt dai bdo ve ngudn nudc, rimg, miia mdng, chdn nuoi, bdo ve an ninh trgt tu.

Tie khoa: Bdn, tu qudn, quy uac, ngudi Hmdng, Scm La.

Ngdy nhgn bdi- 3/5/2019; ngdy gui phdn bien; 6/5/2019; ngdy duyet ddng; 9/6/2019

Mffdau

Ngudi Hmdng d San La cd 157.253 ngudi (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2009), sinh sdng tai tat ca cae huyen, thanh phd trong tinh, nhung tap tmng nhieu nhat d cac huyen: Bac Yen, Sdng Ma, Thuan Chau, Mudng La, Mai San, Van Ho, Mdc Chau, Yen Chau, Sdp Cdp, ..

Mac dii cu tru d nhung vung canh quan khac nbau, nhung ban ciia ngudi Hmdng d Son La deu cd chung mdt sd dac didm mang ban sac van hda tdc ngudi.

1. Ten ban va hinh thiic cir trii

Ban (jao, dd) la dan vj xa hdi co ban va duy nhat cua ngudi Hmdng. Tai tinh Son La, phan ldn cac ban cua ddng bao phan bd d dp cao tir 600 den 1.500m. Tdn ban thudng do tmdng hp hay gia lang dat. Nhieu ban c6 tgn tir tieng Thai, nhu Co Mg, Long Ludng, Nam Gidt, Hudi Pa, Huoi Men, Nam Lgnh... do nhiing diem cu tni nay la vimg dat ngudi Thai khai pha, ngudi Hmdng ddn d sau. Thdng kd tdn 100 ban tai 9 xa, thudc ba huyen Sdp Cdp, Sdng Ma, Bac Yen cho thiy c6 31 ban dat ten theo tidng Thai (Ban Dan tdc tinh San La, 2010).

Ngudi dan ciing cd nhiing each giai thich khac nhau ve nhiing ban ten gpi dupc dat theo tieng Hmdng, chang ban d xa Phdng Lai, huyen Thuan Chau, ban Md Cdng dugc giai thich la "bai nudc ngam", ban Tao Hua Chang nghia la "rimg hoa ban" (Hd Ly Giang, 2013, tr.61).

Ban ciia ngudi Hmdng thucmg dugc dung nai gan ngudn nudc, dat tdt dd san xuat va phai cd niii bao quanh ban. Tiiy timg dja hinh ma nha cua cd thg bd tri theo cac chidu hudng

Nguyin Nggc Thanh khac nhau, nhung phd bien la mat cac ngdi nha thudng hudng vg phia thung liing, Iirng tya vao sucm niii, tao thanii mdt thg viing chac. Theo rapt sd bac cao nien, each chpn dat lam nha tdt nhat la hai ben dau nha hudng vd hai qua niii, cira chinh eita nha tuydt ddi tranb cac hang hdc hay nhiing mom niii nhd len.

Ngoai kliu vuc cu tru, ban cdn cd dat dai de canh tac, khai thac va sii' dung rieng nhu nghia dja, rimg cim, nguon nudc, bai cban tha. Tat ca tao nen mpt khdng gian sinh tdn chung eua ca cdng ddng ban. Khdng gian ay dugc xac dinh ranh gidi qua su thda thuan raieng giua nhiing ngudi trong ban va giiia ngudi ban nay vdi ngudi ban khac. Viec phan dinh dat dai ciing chi la uoc Id ma moc gidi thudng la nhirng hdc cay, bdn da, khe sudi, hem niii, con lach, nga ba ducmg,... Viec xac dinh mde ranh gidi thudng do gia lang giiia cac lang cd lien quan thdng nhit vdi nhau. Ranh gidi dd khdng ghi trong van ban, chi dugc tmyen kliau cho nhau va dugc nhd trong ky ire ciia ngudi dan tir ddi nay qua ddi khac. Trir mpt sd it xa, chang ban d xa Ta Xiia, huyen Bac Yen, cac ban c6 mdt ddng hp cu tni; cdn d nhung nai khac, mdi ban thudng cd tir 2 den 4 ddng hp cu tni xen ke vdi nhau. Trong pham vi ban, cac gia dinh c6 quan he hp hang thudng eu trit gan nhau. Trong xa hdi tmydn thdng eiia ngudi Hmdng, ddng hp cd vai trd to Idn. Quan he cdng ddng ddng hp tac ddng, chi phdi mpi mat trong ddi sdng cua timg gia dinh, timg thanh vien va ciing la ndn tang xay dung nen he thdng td chirc xa hdi d ban, d viing (Nguyen Ngpc Thanh, 2008, tr.43). Tir lau ddi, ngudi Hmdng quan tu theo ddng hp da trd thanh tam Iy va tap quan. Trong mdt ban, dii sdng xen ke vdi cac ddng hp khac, nhirng gia dinh cimg ddng hp van d quan tu gan nhau, kbdng sdng rai rac d khu •vuc khac nhau. Viec quan tit nhiing ngirdi cimg ddng hp la nhu cau can thidt, la dieu kien tao tao nen siic manh tap the dd giiip da, bao ve nhau khi gap hoan nan, khd khan (Vuang Duy Quang, 1987, tr. 73).

Sd lieu thdng kg thye trang cu tni ciia ddng hp Hmdng d rapt sd xa nhu sau:

Bang 1: Cvt trii cac dong hp trong tirng ban thupc xa Mudng Lan, huyen Sop Cop

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ten ban Nong Phu Huai Pa Nam Lan Co Muong Pa Kach P u H a o Huoi Men

So dong ho 2 3 2 2 3 4 3

So gia dinh 54 83 27 33 48 75 32

Ten cac dong ho Hang, Gang Hang, Song, Giang Giang, Song Giang, Song Giang, Song, Tliao Giang, Tliao, Song, Ly Vang, Giang, Vir

Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc so 3 - 2019 45

8 9

Hu6i Khi Co Ha

2 I

16 15

Song, Giang Hang Nguon: Ban Dan tpc tinh Son La, 2010.

Bang 2: Cu trii cua cac dong ho trong timg ban thupc xa Dua Mon, huyen Sdng Ma

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Ten biin Tang Son Ngc Coc 2 Huoi Lecli I Npc Coc 1 Fling Bang Ngam Trang Huoi Lecti II Hua Tiiong

Na TSu II Huoi Phang Huoi Niia

So dong ho 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 1

So gia dinh 56 51 65 29 20 28 12 41 26 15 11

Ten cac dong ho Sling, Vang, Giang Sling, Thao, Trang, Giang Ly, Sling, Giang Sling, Thao Vang, Vii Vang, Sung Ly,Giang Ly, Vang, Vu

Giang, Thao, Trang,Siing, IMiia Sling, Thao, Vu, Vang, Lau Giang

Nguon: Ban Dan tdc tinh Son La, 2010.

Bang 3: Cu trii cua cac dong ho trong tiing ban thupc xa Ta Xua, huyen Bac Yen

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6

Ten biin Ta Xiia A

Hang Dong B Lang Sang Tro A

Ta Xua C Khe Cai

So dong ho 2 2 3 2 1 1

So gia dinh 56 64 64 91 40 17

Ten cac dong ho Mua, Thao Mua, H a Miia, Hang, Lu Thao, Miia Lli Mtia

Nguyen NgocThanh

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Mong Vang Chung Trinh Be T r o B

Hang Bia Chong Tra Hang Dong A Hang Dong C

1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2

13 21 35 37 16 40 34 29

Miia Miia Thao Mua, Thao Miia Miia Mua, Lli Mua, Hang Ngudn: Ban Dan tdc tinh San La, 2010.

Bang 4: Cu trii cua cac dong hp trong timg ban thuoc xa Phdng Lai, huyen ThuSn Chau

STT

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

T§n ban

Mo Cong

Nam Giat M6 Nuoc Pa Chap Phieng Luong Pha Lao Huoi Gieng Na Ngua

So dong ho

6

5 3 4 4 4 5 3

So gia dinh

60

86 34 32 29 32 28 4

Ten cac dong ho

Thao, Sung, Vu, Lau, Miia, Giang Thao, Sung, Ly, Vir, Lau

Simg, Ly, Vir Simg, Vir, Va, Mua Simg, Lau, Miia, Va Thao, Vir, Lau, Sung Lau, Simg, Mua, Vir, Ly Sling, Mua, Ha Ngudn: HdLy Giang (2013). Ddng hg ngicdi Hmdng Trdng tinh San La,

Luan an tien sT ehuyen nganh Nhan hpc, tr. 26.

Tm'dc nam 1986, cac ban cua ngudi Hmdng d San La thudng cd quy md nhd, khoang tir 10 ddn 15 gia dinh, tham chi vai ba gia dinh. Den nay, quy md dan sd ciia mdt ban da tang len, nhieu ban ed tir 80 den 90 gia dinh.

Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc so 3 - 2019

Bang 5: Quy mo ban 6* mdt sd huyen, nam 2010

Huyen

Bac Yen Thuan Chau Sdp Cop Sdng Ma

So ban co til- 50 den 90 gia dinh

12 18 9 7

So ban co til' 10 den 49 gia dinh

27 92 17 37 Nguon: Ban Dan tdc tinh San La, 2010

Do sdng d nhirng viing canh quan khac nhau nen hinh thiic cir tni ciia ngudi Hradng d San La cung khac nhau. Ndi bat la cac hinh thiic cu tni sau:

- Cu trit mat tap d vitng thap, trong thung liing, thay nhieu d cac huyen Thuan Chau, Mdc Chau, Van Ho. Ban nhiing khu vyc nay dat dai mau ma, cay cdi tdt tuoi thuan Ipi cho san xuat ndng nghiep, nhat la canh tac lira nudc.

- Cu hii trgn sucm ddi, niii d cac huyen Sdp Cdp, Sdng Ma, Bic Yen, Mai Son. Phan ldn ban quy md nhd, ngudi dan chii ydu canh tac nuong ray va phat tridn ehan nudi.

- Cac digm dan cu mdi la cac ndng, lam tmdng, cac khu tai dinh cu d Van Hd, Mdc Chau,... Ban d day dupc quy hoach mat bang san xuat, sinh hoat vdi co cau ha tang dn dinh, ddi sdng cua ngirdi dan dugc nang cao.

3. Bo may tu quan ciia ban

Bd may ty quan ciia ban gom tmcmg ban, tmdng ddng hp, gia lang, thay eiing, ba cd, dng cau, cac bac cha chii, la nhimg ngudi cd uy tin dupc dan ban suy tdn va nd trpng. Nhiing nhan vat nay, ddng vai trd tich cyc trong viec td chiic, van ddng dan ban thuc hien tdt chii truong, duong Idi, chinh sach, phap Iuat cua Dang va Nha nudc va kd hoach phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi cua dja phuong. 6 day chi tap trung trinh bay bdn thanh phan: tmdng ban, tmdng ddng hp, gia lang, thay ciing.

- Truang bdn: Trong xa hpi tmydn thdng, tmdng ban [chujao) cd vai trd rat ldn, vdi tu each la ngudi dimg diu ban, mpi cdng vide cua ban ddu phai dupe van hanh mpt each trdi chay, cimg vdi diic tinh vd tu, cdng bing nen vj tri ciia tm'dng ban thudng dugc bdn lau, chi khi nao dng ta gia ydu, khdng Iam viec dupc nua, lite do ngudi ta nidi tien cir va bau ngudi khac thay thd (Nguyen Ngpc Thanh, 2001, tr. 27 - 32). Tm'dng ban phai dat dupc mdt sd tidu chuin sau: am hidu phong tyc tap quan, cd nhidu kinli nhiem san xuat; cd dao dire va uy tin,

J^guyinJ^gg^Thanh_

san sang ddc siic vi cdng viec chung, bigt each irng xir va giao thiep rdng rai; trung tbyc, cong tam khi xir Iy ngudi vi pham quy udc.

Ngay nay, mdi ban cd 01 tmdng ban, 1 hoac 2 phd ttn'dng ban. Tm'dng ban do ngudi dan tryc tidp biu, UBND xa ra quydt djnh cdng nhan. Tmdng ban la ngudi dai dien cho nhan dan va chinh quygn xa de thye hien mdt sd nhiem vu tai ban.

Trudng ban la ngudi phai dii 21 tudi trd len, cd sue khde, trinh dp van hoa, nhiet tinh, trach nhidm cao, dao due tu each tdt, cd uy tin, dugc dan ban tin nhiem, cd nang lyc van ddng, td chiic thye hien tot cdng viec ciia ban.

Nhiem vu ciia tmdng ban la trieu tap va chit tri hdi nghj ban; td chiic thye hien cac quydt djnh eita ban va quy chd dan chii d ca sd; van ddng dan ban thuc hien tdt quy uac, ddng thdi td chiic quan Iy, giii gin trat tu tri an d ban; tap hgp, phan anh, de nghi chinh quygn xa giai quydt cac nguyen vpng chinh dang ciia nhan dan.

Trudng ban con la ngucri hieu biet rd vd ngudn gdc cua tiing ddng hp, ve cac raoi quan he hdn nhan, nam chac cac phong tue tap quan, chiu trach nhiem chinh trong cac vu xu phat ngucri vi pham luat tyc, nhiing tmdng hgp vupt qua kha nang cho phep nhu chira chap ngudi pham tpi, trudng ban chuyen Ien cho chinh quyen xa xir Iy theo phap Iuat ciia Nha nudc.

- Gid bdn: Gia ban la Idp ngudi cd vai tro quan trpng trong cdng ddng ban, cd nhieu kinh nghiera trong san xuat, rat am hieu phong tuc tap quan, nam viing "cai ly" cua ngudi Hradng, thdng thao vg cac nghi thuc ma chay ciing nhu quy udc chung ciia lang va cac ddng hp. Cdng viec chung ciia ban ludn dupc gia ban ddng gdp. Y kien ciia bp thudng phan anh nguyen vpng cua dan ban cung nhu ciia cac ddng hp, nen nhidu klii gia ban da cd y kien thi chinh quydn xa phai lang nghe va lya dd xir ly cho phii hgp vai y kign eita hp. Do vi tri eita gia ban nhu vay nen trong vide trign khai cac dy an d dia phuang can xay dung va tim d gia ban tidng ndi ddng thuan.

- Trudng ho' Ngucri Hmdng quan niem trudng hp la ngudi "nam tay dan d, md tay dan di", nen phai am hieu cac quy djnh, cac bai citng ciia ddng hp minh, hidu bigt thanh thao cac phong tyc tap quan, biet ly Ie va cd tai irng xir, cd nhidu kinh nghiem va gidi td chii'c cac boat dpng san xuat va ludn tan tinh giiip da ngudi trong hp, dugc rapi ngudi trong ddng hp ygu men, ngudi khac hp kinh trpng.

Nhiem vu ciia tmong hp la duy tri mpi sinh boat, nghi le ciia ddng hp minh. Khi mdt gia dinh trong ddng hp dyng vg ga chdng cho con cai, tmdng ho phai cd mat dd lara le kinh bao td tien. Thanh vien ddng hp qua ddi, trudng hp trieu tap cac chii gia dinh trong hp ban bac viec chdn cat. Trudng hp con dimg ra giai quyet tranh chap dat dai, tai san, vi pham luat le cua ddng hp; van dpng cac thanh vien trong ddng hp giiip do nhau khi gap klid khan, thidu thdn. Tru'dng hp cung chju trach nhiem trao tmyen Iai nhihig phong tue, tap quan, kinh

Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd3 - 2019

nghigm san xuat cho cac thanh vien trang hp. Nhd cd uy tin va sy higu bigt nen y kidn cua tmdng hp dugc mpi ngudi trong ddng hp noi theo va trong nhidu tmcmg hpp, tidng ndi cua tmdng hp c6 vai tro rit quan trpng, tham ehi la quygt dinh. Vi tmdng hp la ngudi dugc cac thanh vien tin cay, chia se y kidn, nghe lai va lam theo cho ngn cin nghidn ciiu sir dung va phat huy vai hd ciia dng ta de gdp phan vao quan Iy va giai quydt nhiing vin dd dang dat ra vdi ngudi Hmdng (Pham Quang Hoan va cdng su, 1995, h. 273)

Tom Iai, trong ddi sdng ciia ngudi Hmong, tmdng hp la nhan vat cd tira anh hucmg quan trpng nhat. Dac biet, ndu hp la nhung ngudi cd tinh each, dao diic tdt, hang say lao ddng san xuit, cong tam, dam nghT dam Iam, dam tien phong trong viec xay dyng ddi sdng ndng thdn mdi... thi se la nhiing tac nhan tao nen ddng lyc quan trpng dd phat trign ddi sdng kinh td - xa hdi cua ngudi Hmdng d cac lang ban, vira giii gin dupc truydn thdng van hda tdc ngudi, vira dam bao thuc hien nep sdng van hda mdi d co sd (Hd Ly Giang, 2013, tr. 54).

Trong chimg myc nao do, tm'dng hp giii' vj tri then chdt hon ca nhiing ngudi Iam nhiem vy trong bd may chinh quydn.

Ngudi Hmdng quan niem, da la cdng vide ciia npi bd ddng hp thi tmdng ban khdng dupe can thiep, "viec ciia dong hp phai giai quydt bing Iy eita ddng hp". Ngugc lai ddi vdi nhiing cdng vide chung cua ban nhu sua dudng hoac trong ban xay ra "sy cd" nao do, trudng ban chi can bao cho tmdng hp la mpi vide se dupe giai quygt dn thoa. Tmdng hp khdng chi cd vai trd trong ITnh -vuc tinh than (tin ngudng cudi xin, raa chay, thd ciing), ma cdn chi phdi trong nhidu ITnh -vyc nhu di ehuygn cu, bd tri can bd, thuc hien cac chii tmong ciia dja phucmg va Nha nudc.

- Thdy ciing (chi ninh); Day la nhiing ngudi ddng vai trd quan trpng trong ddi sdng tinh than eita cdng ddng Hmdng. Hp la ngudi thay mat cdng ddng giao thiep vdi thd gidi

"than linli", cimg chiia benh cho ngudi dm bang hinh thirc bdi toan, dudi ma, trir ta. Nhieu ngudi Hmdng tin rang khi dm dau cau ciing se khdi benh. Chi ninh la hien than cua Xu Di, la su td Sa man, la thanh vign trong sinh boat tam linh ciia ngudi Hmdng, giiip cdng ddng phat hien nguyen nhan gay ra dm dau va tira each giai trir benh tat cho con ngudi (Thao Xuan Simg, 2009, tr. 35).

Nhu vay, gia lang, tmcmg ban, tmdng hp... Ia nhiing ngudi cd uy tin, cd kidn thiic bd ich cho cudc sdng cpng ddng, cd quyen uy, dugc dan chiing tin tudng, nghe theo va eir Iam ngudi dai dien cho minh trgn mdt sd ITnh vyc, cdng viec cu thd. Cd trudng hpp, mpt ngudi cd the vira la tmdng ban, dong thdi dupc suy tdn Iam gia ban, Iai la tmdng hp va la ngudi cd uy tin trong ban (Nguyen Ngpc Ha va cpng su, 2006, tr. 17). Mac dau cac thiet chd ciia he thdng chinh trj dugc xac lap va cd vai trd quan trong, song nhiing yeu td tmyen thdng nhu gia ban, tmdng ban... vin cd rapt vj tri nhat djnh va dupc tdn trpng. Vdi yeu cau md rdng.

Nguyin Nggc Thanh

thuc hanh dan chii hidn nay, ngu biet phat huy vai trd eita hp thi chac ehan dpi ngii nay se co nhieu ddng gdp cho cdng tac quan Iy cpng ddng (Nguydn Ngpc Ha, 2006, tr. 29).

4. Vai trd cua cac to chiic trong he thdng chi'nh tri ca sa o" ban

Ngay nay, theo md hinh quan ly chung, cac td chiic chinh tri-xa hdi (Chi bp Dang, Ban cdng tac Mat tran, cac chi hdi nhu Ndng dan, Phu nii va Cuu chien binh, Doan thanh nien. Dpi thidu nien...) dupc xac lap va cd vai trd quan trpng trong ddi sdng ciia timg ban ngudi Hmdng. Cac td chii'c nay thd hien cho tinh than, y chi, nguyen vpng ciia nhan dan, va cd vai trd tich cyc trong viec tuyen tmygn, thiie day vide thye hien dudng ldi, chinh sach, chii truong, phap luat cua Dang va Nha nudc tai dia ban.

Chi bp ban thudng cd 5 --15 dang vien, dung dau la Bi thu chi bd, ngudi cd giac ngd chinh tri, cd uy tin, nang lyc tu'ong ddi toan didn. Chi bd tryc tiep lanh dao he thdng chinh trj d ban, la dau radi de Dang uy xa trien khai nhidm vu chinh trj d ca sd. Chi bd ban de ra chit tmang giai quyet nhiing van dd ldn ciia ban. Mat tran va cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi cd chii'e nang tap hpp, van ddng doan vign, hpi vign tham gia thye hidn nhiem vy d ban.

5. Quy ud'c cua ban

Ban ciia ngudi Hmong cd quy udc rieng, bat thanh van gpi la "Kd Ii kd chai", dupc truyen tir the he nay den the he khac. Dd la nhiing quy udc ve quan he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi, la nhirng tap tyc trong sinh boat gia dinh va xa hdi, dugc mpi ngudi tuan thii. Ngudi nao d trong ban hoae ngoai ban cd y vi pham se bi xir Iy theo quy udc va ludn dugc thdng qua du Iuan dg phan xet. Vi du: ngudi cd vp hoac ed chdng ma ngoai tinh se bi xir phat bang bac trang, mgu, thit cho ban; ngudi dot nha, trdm cap, gigt ngudi se bj xir phat rat nang bang kinh tg, tham chi trdi budc hoac roi vpt. Tuy thea timg tdi ma diing hinh thiic bat ngudi do deo md, cdng, chidng go di kliap ban dd xin Idi, sua sai. Nhd cd quy udc dupc thye hien ndn xa hdi Hmdng it xay ra nhung hien tugng tidu cue cung nhu cac te nan xa hdi.

Hien nay, cac luat tyc tmyen thdng da dupe ngudi dan cu the hda, thdng nhat dua vao quy udc thanh van cua ban de mpi ngudi ciing thuc hien. Ngoai ra, ngudi Hmdng d Scm La cdn thuc hien cam ket vd "5 c6 va 5 khong".

- 5 cd la: 1) Ddi radi tap quan san xuat, ap dung khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xuit; 2) Tinh than doan ket giu'a cac ddng hp, cac dan tdc, 3) Ngp sdng van hda trong viec cudi, viec tang, Ie hdi; 4) Y thiic xay dung ban lang phat tridn toan dien; 5) Nhidu ngudi hidu hpc, bidt chii.

- 5 khdng la: 1) Du canh, du cu, vupt bien trai phep; 2) Tmyen, hpc dao trai phep va trai vdi phong tuc tap quan tdt dep cua dan tdc; 3) Dd ngudi chgt nhigu ngay; 4) Tai trdng cay thudc phien, budn ban, van chuyen trai phep cac chat ma tiiy; 5) Tao hdn, sinh nhidu con (Dja chi Son La, ban thao, tr 278).

Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd3 -2019 51 Nhiing quy udc nay thudng dugc ban bac, nhic lai trong Ie ndo sdng ciia ban hoac lign

ban, de mpi ngucri hieu va ty giac thye hien. Quy udc da cd tac dpng den mpi thanh vien ciia ban, dit ngudi dd la can bd hay dan thudng thupe bat ky ddng hp nao. Quy udc da hd thanh sgi day vd hinh nhung ben chat cd kdt mpi thanh vidn trong cpng ddng ban eita ngudi Hmdng.

Ket luan va khuyen nghi

Ban ciia ngudi Hmong d Son La la "canh tay ndi dai" eita chinh quydn ca sd trong thye thi cac nhiem vy chinh trj. Mpi chii tmong, chinh sach, dudng Idi ciia Dang, Nha nudc deu thdng qua cap ban de ddn dupc vdi ngudi dan.

d ngudi Hmdng, trudng ban, tmdng hp, gia ban, thiy cimg la nhiing nhan vat rit cd uy tin trong cpng ddng, dan thuong nghe va Iam theo. Mudn tranh thii dupe nhiing ngudi nay, can phai hudng dan tan tinh, mdm ddo, kien tri, giai thich ngan gpn, kheo leo, te nhi va ciing phai cd sy ddng vidn thda dang. Ciing gidng nhu mdt sd tdc ngudi thidu sd khac d midn niii, hien nay trong cac ban d ngudi Hmdng van duy tri cac quy udc va cd vai trd tac dpng khdng nhd den viec phat trign san xuat, bao ve tai nguyen mdi tmdng, dam bao sy dn djnh xa hdi, gin glii ban sac van hda tdc ngudi d mdi dja phuang.

De phat huy tdt hon nii'a vai trd cua ban d ngudi Hmdng trong tinh hinh mdi, cac cap chinh quyen can tang eudng daa tao, bdi duong dpi ngy can bd trong he thdng chinh hj d ban.

Dac biet bdi duang ve cdng tac hanh chinh, vd ky nang xu Iy cac tinh hudng cu the cua ban, tranh vi pham phap Iuat. Ddng thdi chii trpng dao tao nghiep vy quan Iy, ky thuat bao dudng, van hanh, khai thac cac cdng trinh cdng cdng d ban, nhat la vd thuy ndng, nudc sach, didn...

Ddi vdi dpi ngii gia lang, tmdng hp..., cac cap xa, huyen va tinh can td chiic hdi nghj lien tjch (theo djnh ky) vdi cac gia lang, tmdng ddng hp, trudng ban, bi thu chi bd... de nit kinh nghiem vd thuc hidn quy udc va quy che dan chu.

Ndi dung quy uac cua ban ndi chung dang dua vao khung ciia ban huong udc mau do cap trgn hudng din. Nhidu npi dung chua cy the, cdn mang tinh chat ap dat, triing cheo vdi cac quy djnh ciia phap Iuat. Vi vay, can bd sung hoan thien huong udc theo hudng lya chpn nhiing vin dd thiit thuc nhit, sat vai didu kien hoan canh ciia hing ban, vii'a ed ndi dung vira cd chd tai ciia cdng ddng. Chd tai cin dugc da dang hoa, ai vi pham cd thd bj phat, cd the khdng dugc hudng mpt sd quyen Ipi ciia cdng ddng. Xay dung quy udc mcri can phai dam bao sir hai hoa va thd che hoa luat phap dudi cac didu khoan cu the va cung la hinh thiic cy the nhat bao luu dugc gia tri van hoa tmyen thdng cua tpc ngirdi trong cdng cudc xay dyng va phat tridn hien nay.

Nguyin NggcfThanh_

Tai lieu tham khao

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