BAN VE MOI QUAN HE GIUfA KINH TEVOII VAN HOA

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BAN VE MOI QUAN HE GIUfA KINH TEVOII VAN HOA

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• PGS,TS Lt QUOC LY Pho Gidm ddc

Hgc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Ho ChiMinh

au nay, khdng it ngudi dgt ra cdu hoi gifta kmh te va van hda cd mdi quan hi nhu h i nao? Trong mdi quan hi ndy eai ndo quyit dinh, cdi ndo cd trudc. Kmh ti cd trude va tao ra van hda hay vdn hda cd trude di tgo ra kmh ti. Neu ttd ldi Id kinh t i cd trude, vdi ly do CO kmh te tM si ed vdn hda, cd ve diing nhu cha dng ta da tiing ndi: "c6 thue mdi vuc dupe dao", hay quy luat eiia ehii ngMa duy vat biin chiing "vdt chdt ed trude, y thiie cd sau" cd the ddn din sieu Mnh. Cdn niu khdng dinh van hda cd trude, cd van hda thi se cd kinh ti thi cung cd thi ddn din duy tam.

Ly giai diing mdi quan hi gliia kmh ti voi van hda se giiip ehung ta cd dupe nhiing chinh sdch, giai phap phdt trien hai hda hai lmh vyc ndy. Nghi quyet sd 33-NQ/TW ngay 9-6-2014 eiia Hdi ngM Tnmg uong 9 khdaXI ve xay dung viphat then van hoa, con nguoi VietNam dip ung yiu can phat thin bin viing dit nude da.

cM rd: "Van hda Id nin tang tinh thdn eua xa hdi, la muc tieu, ddng lyc phat triin bin viing

ddt nuoc. Vdn hoa phai ddt ngang bdng voi kinh ti, chinh tri, xa hOi"'". Ddy Id sy khang djnh hoan toan dung ddn, khoa hpe, rdt quan ttpng ttong viee hogch dinh ehinh sach ddi vdi bai Unh vyc kinh te vd van hda.

1. Van hoa nao thi kinh tl 4y Trong xa hpi loai ngiroi cho din hdm nay khdng cd cOng ddng ndo, ddn tdc ndo lai khdng ed van hda cua rieng minh. Vdn hda dd dupe hinh thanh va phdt ttiin ciing vdi sy Mnh thanh va phat ttien cua con ngudi. 6 ddu eo cOng ddng eon ngudi tM & dd c6 van hda. Tuy nMen, mue dO phdt triin van hda eiia cdc edng ddng, eac dan tOc cd khde nhau do xudt phdt tu su khac nhau eua cdc yeu td dia ly, ty nMen, cMnh tri, kinh t i va xd hOi. Bin egnh su kbdc nhau vi van hda, ldi sdng cimg dua den su khac nhau vi sy giau, nghio vi kuih t i cua cdc eOng ddng ddn cu va cdc dan tOe khde nhau.

Da tiing ed rdt nMiu bac Min nhdn ndi:

"Gieo hgt tu tudng, thu hogch hanh vi; Gieo hat hdnh vi, thu hogch tap qudn; Gieo hgt tap quan, thu hogch tinh each; Gieo hat tinh each, thu hogch van minh" hay "Tuong lai cua con ngudi quyit dinh bcii su ludi nhdc ngdy hdm nay ciia hp", hoge "ngM gidu tM si gidu; ngM tich cue se tbanh edng"...

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Thyc t i da ehiing mmh, eon ngirdi cd tam If, van hda sdng khde nhau eo thi ddn den hanh vi khde nhau. Va chmh hanh vi khde nhau da dem Igi kit qud khac nhau. Kit qud khac nhau tgo ra cuOc sdng kmh te eua moi ngudi ciing khde nhau.

Thuc t i cftng cho thdy, ed nhiing cOng ddng ngudi ndng dOng, buon ttai va hp da ed cudc sdng dm no vi kmh ti vd vdn hda cung phdt triin eao, ttong kM nhiing eOng ddng sdng thu ddng, ttdng chd' vd ehdp nhan tdn tgi ttong canh ddi nghio tM vdn hda cftng khdng phdt tiiin. Trin thi gidi va Viit Nam Men nay vdn tdn tgi nhiing edng ddng dan eu co trinh dO phdt triin vdn hda 6 miic cao va cd ddi sdng ldnh t i gidu cd, ttong kM dd cftng cd nhiing cOng ddng Igc h^u ve van hda vd yiu kem vi kmh ti. Van hda thy dOng da Mnh thanh hang ngMn ndm, ttdi buOc tu duy eon ngudi, can ttd con ngudi hpc hdi, tiep thu edi bay, cdi tdt ciia nhan loai de di lin. Cdc hu tyc lae hau dupe kboac len minh nhiing my tii nhu truyin thdng van hda da va dang lam eho nMiu dan tOe, nMiu cOng ddng ttin thi gidi vd a nude ta khdng thi vuon lin dupe.

Ddn tOc Viit Nam cd truyin thdng san xudt ndng ngMip ttdng liia nude va td ehue ddi sdng xa hdi theo lang (thdn, bdn). Tmh ty tri rat cao, vi vay ddn Mnh thanh truyin thdng van hda tu ve vd tu luc khep kin theo ldi ty eung, tu cdp, phu thuOc vao tMen nMin. He qud Id, ttong nhiing liic Td qude lam nguy, dan tOc ta da biit day cho ngudi Viet Nam chung ta tinh yiu ddt nude va nd dd thdm dam ttong con tim, khdi de eua moi ngudi dan, eiing tu dd y cM qudt cudng bao ve Td qude (tha hy smh tdt ed chii khdng ehiu lam nd Ip, khdng ehiu mdt nude) da dupe hun due trong mdi con ngudi Viet Nam. Nhd do, ttdi qua mdy nghin nam lich su dyng nude va gift nuoc, dan tdc ta da cMin tiidng nMeu ke

thu xam lupc ldn mgnh hon minh nhiiu ldn.

Tuy nMin, ttong ddi sdng kinh t i - xa hpi con nMiu diiu phdi bdn. Ra khoi ehiin tranh la chiing ta lai ttd vi vdi each lam an cu, thdi quen eft va tam ly cu, nen chung ta khdng phdt trien lin dupe. Cd ngudi nhan dinh; Viit Nam: 40 nam chua qua khoi canh ddng.

Thyc ti cho thdy, ngudi mdc binh tu ky tM khd ed thi ed dupe mdt hanh dOng tich eye ttong cuOc sdng. Di cd mOt tu duy tich eye cdn cd mOt tam ly tich cue. Trong thuc t i cimg ed ngudi kM smh ra da cd tam ly tich eye, suy ngM manh mi va da cd tu duy tich eye, ham hiiu biit, tim tdi, sdng tgo, nhung sd ngudi ndy khdng nhiiu trong xa hOi. Do anh hudng ciia van hda truyin thdng, da sd nguoi ddn ed tdm ly thu dOng ttong phdt trien kmh ti, khdng tich cue ldm giau. Ddy la mpt ly do ed thi ly gidi tgi sao din nay Viit Nam van ngheo nan, lae hau.

Di \^it Nam ttothdnh giau cd, cdn tao ra vdn hda sd ddng ttong xa hdi cd tdm ly sdng tich eye, cd van hda ham mudn vuon len ldm giau, cdng Min eho xa hdi. Di cd dupe diiu nay edn cd sy gido due vd tdc dOng van hda. Tuy nMin, mudn day ngudi ta bpc eiing cdn cd nhiing yiu td vi CO so vat chat. Trong xa hOi ta, vdn di giao due cho tbi he tte van hda, tu duy va ky ndng sdng dang edn nMiu dieu can phdi ban. Van hda thu ddng dang edn tiim dn d ttong nMiu ngudi ^^it Nam. Co ehi ki hogch hda tdp trung quan Uiu bao cdp vd Uch su hang nghin nam cua dan tOe tap trung vao bao ve dat nude da ldm eho dan tOe ta it quan tdm den lam kmh ti. Chinh vi li do kM dat nude thanh bmh, dan ta tt6 nen lung tiii^ bd ngd'tiiidc thdch thftc ciia eude sdng.

Khdt vpng vuon len, khdt vpng lam giau khdng dupe hun diie tii hang nghm nam nay vi vdn hda eoi thudng vat ehdt, coi thudng tiin bac. Tuy nMin, cdn phai Meu rdng vdt ehdt va

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tiin bac khdng phdi tu nMin ma ed, khdng phai tii ttin ttdi roi xudng, ma Id kit tmh eiia md hdi, cdng siic vd mdu xuong cua eon ngudi lam ra. Di tao ra ciia edi vat ehdt, tiin bgc cd kM eon ngudi dd phai do mdu. Nhimg eiia cai vat chat, vd tiin bac the hi hdm nay duoc hudng ma khdng phdi do ban thdn lam ra tM Id do eha dng lam ra di lai.

Nhiiu gia dinh lam hu con cai vi khong biit dgy eon cai van hda biet quy ttpng vat chat, quy ttpng lao ddng lam ra nhiing vat ehdt dd. MOt thi he tte fliy dOng da Mnh thdnh do cdch gido dye eua ehiing ta tgo ra. IMMiu bdc cha me cM lo kiim tiin di danh cho con cdi ma tMiu sy gido due eon edi phdi lao ddng di lam cho cuOc sdng dupe tdt bpn. Chiing ta da ve ra cho con ngudi mOt viin cdnh tuoi dep nhung khdng cM ra eho hp phai ldm §. di din cuOc sdng tuoi dpp dd. Do dd, ldi suy ngM "chd sung rung" van cdn deo dang okhdng it eon ngudi Viit Nam. Chinh vi li dd, chinh sdeh xda ddi, giam nghio ciia ehiing ta ehua that su Meu qud vi nMiu ngudi, nMiu lang qui khdng mudn thodt ngheo di mong nhdn dupe sy hd ttp, trp cdp eua Nhd

nude. Van hda f lgi, cho dpi dang tdn tai ttong khdng it ngudi vd ttong khdng it cOng ddng d§n eu. Vdn hda Ifty tte lang dang lam cho van boa khip kin, edn tx^t sy phdt triin. Su ttdi buOc v6 Mnh eiia nhftng li thdi lac hgu dang lam cho dan tOe ta eham phat trien. Du ludn, van hda dam ddng khdng phu hpp dd va dang can tt6 rihung tu duy mdi, nhiing cdch lam tdt, nhiing hdnh dOng biit phd lam lpi cho ddt nude.

Can phdi logi bd thii van hda ndi ddi, ldm ddi, dang cd cMiu hudng lan rdng. Hang hda sdn xudt ra chdt lupng thdp, d nMim vi smh an todn thuc phdm dang ldm tdn hai din siic khoe eOng ddng, lpi Ich cua ddt nude. Thyc ti, thii van hda ndi ddi, lam ddi khdng cM lam mat mdt vi mat vdt ehat ma eon ldm tdn hgi den Mnh dnh eua mOt dan tde Viet Nam anh hiing.

Biit pha, xda bo tdt ea nhiing \i thdi vd Mnh ttong cuOc sdng la mOt cuOe each mang eua toan xa hOi chftng ta Day la mOt cupc each mgng van hda, tam lyxa hdi. Chuyin tii van boa thy dOng, vd ttdch nMim trude cuOc sdng, van hda hudng thu sang van hda tieh cyc, ehu dpng ttdch nMem vd sang tao. Kit qud eiia nhiing

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chuyen bien nay chinh la ddi mdi tu duy, di tu tu duy lae hgu, bdo thu, thy dOng va gido diiu sang tu duy sdng tao, edu thi, ehu dOng, kiin tgo cuOc sdng. Tir tu duy khep kin sang tu duy md, dd Id: kit hpp tri tue dan tOe vol tri tui thdi dai di dung xdy ddt nude, kit hpp ngudn lyc ddt nude vdi ngudn lue ciia nhdn logi de lam giau ddt nude, kit hpp siic mgnh dan tde vdi sue mgnh cua thdi dai de bdo vi Td qudc.

2. Kinh tl nao vdn hoa ^y

C6 the thdy neu khdng ed kmh t i eon ngudi mai mdi khdng thi ed dieu kiin vd eo hdi phdt tiiin di lin, khong thi co dieu kien di phdt tiiin van hda Tu thanh thi cho den nhiing viing qui heo lanh, nhiing vung niii, hai dao xa xdi... niu khdng cd kmh t i tM khd long phdt triin dupe vdn hda Van hda cM ed the Mnh thanh vd phdt triin dupe kM vdn hda dupe giao luu md' rdng ra vdi bin ngodi, vdi sy giao thoa giua cdc cOng ddng ddn cu khde nhau, cung nhu giua cdc dan tOc kbdc nhau. Nhung con dirong ldn ndi Uin giua cae vtmg ddt khdng the dupe xay dung niu khdng CO kmh ti. Nhiing co sd vgt chat, phftc lpi xd hdi Idid duoc Mnh thanh neu khdng cd kinh ti. Cdc hoat ddng vdn hda khd long dupe td ehiic neu tMeu kmh pM. Khdng cd kinh ti van hda khd dupe truyin tdi rdng rai vd phat triin.

NMiu viing thdn qui, nMiu ddn tOe sdng ttin nhirng vung niii cao do kmh t i qud ngheo nan nin van hda vdn cdn nguyen sulae hdu.

Kmh t i CO vai ttd quyit dinh gop phan thuc ddy vdn hda phdt triin. Sy tich liiy vi luong eua kinh t i Id nin tang di edi bien vi chat ddi voi vdn boa. Thye t i cho thdy, nhiing noi giao thdng di lgi khd khdn, tMiu tnrdng hpc, tMiu ede trung tdm vdn hda, tMeu binh vien tM khd ed thi phdt trien kinh te vd van hda. Kinh t i ngheo ddi da trdi buOe con ngudi lai, khdng cho con ngiroi tiip egn vdi nhiing vdn minh cua

nhdn loai va vdi nhiing tu duy sang tao, nhiing phdt mmh sang che. TMiu kuih t i khdng thi tiin hanh nhiing sy ddi mdi, cy tiie Id khdng thi cdng ngMip hoa va Men dgi hdg ddt nude.

Nghio ddi lam eho eon ngudi se ludn quan vdi nhiing lo toan nhd nhat com do ggo tiin, con ngudi se khdng edn siic lyc di ngM din van di lon. Vdn hda dua tten nen tdng kuih ti t i ngheo ddi la van hda ngheo nan, van hda eua sy muu edu tdn tgi ban ndng, tMiu nin vdn hda sang tgo, van hda nhdn vdn...

KM kinh te dgt den dmh eao si tao ra vdn hda lam ra kmh te, ldm eho kmh ti ttd nin gidu ed hon thdng qua cdng ngMip vdn hda va dich vu vdn hda. Vdn hda tii don thudn phuc vu thoa man nhu cdu tinh thdn cfta con ngirdi ttd thdnh van hda sdn xudt, van hda dich vu tao ra eiia cai vdt chdt lam giau eho xd hOi. Van hda ttanen da dgng, phong phu vd ed kha nang dem lgi i ^ d n lpi kinh t i ldn cho xa hOi nhd phdt trien chinh no. NMiu dan tOe cd nin kinh te phdt triin Id nh6hp dd biit sii dung van boa lam ddng luc di phdt triin kinh ti. NMiu nen kmh ti cd xudt phdt diim ngheo nan ve tdi nguyin tMen nMen nhung biit khoi day tmh Miu hpc, ldng tnmg thue va y cM qudt eudng da dua ea dan tOc, ca ddt nude hp tto nin thinh vupng nhu Nhat Ban.

Tdi nguyin tMin nMen gidu cd nhu chau Phi, nhung do nin van hda khdng phdt ttiin nen mai chim ddm ttong ddi nghio. NMeu qude gia ddn tOc, tMin nMin eho nMiu loi thi, rdt cd diiu kiin tto thdnh gidu cd nhung lgi bi thu vdn hda, tdn gido, sde tOc gdy ra sy thii hdn md chim ddm ttong khung bd, cMin ttanh nin khong ed eo hOi ttd nen giau cd.

3. Xdy dung khat vong lam giau, van hoa song tich cue

NgMen ciiu mdt sd dia phuong cd tmyin thdng lam giau eho thdy, yiu td ddu tiin Id eon

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ngudi d dd cd khdt vpng lam giau, rat ndng ddng va sang tgo. Hp da lam cho ea mdt eOng ddng cua hp ttd nen gidu ed. Chdng ban, oxa Thd Tang, huyin VTnh Tudng, tinh Vinh Phuc.

Con ngudi 6 ddy ludn ludn dp u ldm kinh ti, bp chu dOng buon trdi khdp noi ttin ddt nuoc di lam an budn ban va hp thyc su la ngudi budn bdn tai ndng. Trong kM dd cftng la ngudi Viet Nam, nhung d mOt sd noi con ngudi van sdng ttong thu dOng, chd sy giup do cfta Nha nude va eua xa hOi (cd mOt sd noi con ngudi d do cdn chua biit din chp la gi va viee trao ddi bang hda cua hp vdn dupe tiin hanh bdng hinh tiiiie hdng ddi hang) nin hp vdn ddi nghio. Con ngudi o day ehua mdy khi bude ra khdi Ifty tte ldng nen Meu biit cftng hgn hep, edeh sdng eiing don gian. Diiu gi da ldm nin sy khac biit giiia cac cpng ddng dan eu kbdc nhau nhu vdy.

Cd rdt nMiu each iy gidi cho vdn de nay. Cd thi cho rdng dd Id vdn hda sdng cua mdi cdng ddng dan eu da tgo nin sy kbdc nhau do. Tuy nhiin, mOt ttong nhiing nguyin nhan ebinh la do yiu td van hda va triit ly sdng. Van hda tieh cue se eho ngudi ta cd cai nhin vao cuOc sdng tich eye va hanh dOng tich eye, qua dd tu ttong nOi smh eua con ngirdi si san smh siic manh va sy sang tgo.

Nhu vdy ed the ndi, van hda dupe thi Men bdng hieu biet, ky nang sdng va tdm ly cua con ngudi da tgo nin su khde biit gifta ngudi nay vdi ngudi khde, gifta eOng ddng nay vdi cOng ddng kbdc va ed gifta dan tdc nay vdi dan tOe kbdc. Ngudi Israel day eho con cai hp ngay tir nho sy cdn thiit phai lao dOng kiim tiin, mdt sd dan tde khac dd khuyen khich tte em lao dOng sdng tgo ngay tu nhd, chuan hi tdm ly vd ky nang budc vao ddi cho mdi diia tre.

Chinh vi vay, nhung ddt nuoc nay da phdt triin manh mi. Viet Nam chftng ta cd truyen

thdng day d6 con cai hpc hanh, phdn ddu, d6 dgt vd chftng ta cung da dgt dupe nhung thdnh qud nhdt dinh. Dan tOc chung ta cung la mdt dan tOc cdn eu, ehiu khd va sdng tgp.

Tuy nhien, ndng ddng, sang tao cd thi c6 trong con ngudi Viet Nam ehiing ta nhung chua dupe khoi day mOt each rOng rdi md edn dn sau ben ttong mdi ngudi.

Nhu vdy, phdi chudn bi eho dan tOe Viet Nam mOt van hda quyit thdng tren mdt tran kinh t i - xd hOi, mot van hda hpc hdi va sdng tgo, biit kit hpp tri tue eua ban than vdi tri hie cua xd hOi di vuon lin, biit kit hpp ngudn lyc tu than vdi ngudn luc cfta cOng ddng di ldm gidu, khdng dinh chd diir^ cfta mmh. Tuy nMin, van hda nay khdng ty nMen Mnh thdnh md can cd su giao due rOng rdi, truyen bd sdu rOng.

Thay ddi tu duy, thay ddi ran hda sdng la mgt vdn di khd, khdng hi don gian nhung khdng phdi khdng ldm dupe, chinh vi li do van boa cdn cd mdt dudng hudng Idu ddi tdc dOng vdo cac ddi tupng, vdo cdc cdng ddng ddn cu di tung bude ttd tbanh ttao luu sdng, vdn hda sdng: ddi ngheo la hen, la mOt dieu ddng xdu hd, edn phdi vupt len thodt ngheo, mdi ngudi tu hdo sdng vdi khdt vpng vuon len, khdt vpng cMnh phuc, khdt vpng lam gidu, khat vpng lam cho minh va cho Td qude ngay mOt tuoi dep hon. MOt kM vdn hda vd tu duy cfta sd ddng ngudi Viet Nam dat dupe nhiing diiu nhu tten chdc chdn ehiing ta trd thdnh nude: ddn gidu, nuoe manh, ddn chft, cdng bdng, van mmh ttin thye ti •

(1) Nghi quyit sd33-NQ/TWngay9-6-2014ciia Hfli nghi Trung uong ldn thii 9 (khoa XD vi Aay dung va phit triin vSnhda, con ngudi VietNam dap ungyiu cau phit thin ben vdng dit nude.

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