Nghien ciiu - Trao doi T p p <hf C 0 n g s d n
/CHE DjNH VE QUOC HOI TRONG HIEN PHAP NAM 2013
BUI NGQC THANH*
Tu sau Cdeh mang Thdng Tdm ndm 1945 din nay, Viet Nam M cd 5 bdn hiin phdp: Hiinphdp ndm 1946, Hien phdp ndm 1959, Hien phdp ndm 1980, Hiin phdp ndm 1992 vd Hiin phdp ndm 2013. Trong cdc bdn Hien phdp do, Hien phdp ndm 2013 quy ^nh ro rdng, ehat che, day du, hodn
thien han vi vi tri, nhiem vu, quyin han, ca edu td ehue bp mdy cua Qudc hpi, edc Cff quan cua Qudc hpi, phii hffp v&i yeu cdu thtj^ tien ddi m&i cua ddt nu&c. Cd thi ndi, do Id su tiip ndi phdt triin ly ludn vd nhan thuc ve Quoc hpi - Cff quan ^i bieu cao nhdt cua nhdn ddn, cff quan quyen Ifrc cao nhdt cua nu&c Cpng hda xd hpi ehu nghia Viet Nam,
T
RONG bp mdy nhd nude, Qudc hdi cd vi tri quan trpng dac biet. Hien phap nam 1946, tai Dieu 22 da xdc dinh:"Nghi vien nhan dan la co quan quyen lyc cao nhdt cua nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda".
Hien phdp nam 1959 tai Dilu 43 chi thay tir
"Nghj vien" bang tir "Qudc hdi" vd vdn giii nguyen npi dung nhu Hien phap nam 1946.
Hien phdp nam 2013 tiep tuc khang dinh vi hi, tinh chat, chiic nang, nhiem vu vd quyln ban ciia Qudc hpi nhu 4 ban hiln phap tiudc, song ve muc dp da dupe dilu chinh cho phu hpp hon vdi thye tien, ddng thdi npi dung dupe the hien co dpng hon. Dieu 69 Hiln phdp nam 2013 xac dinh, "Qudc hdi la ca quan dai bieu cao nhat cua nhan dan, ca quan quyln luc cao nhat cua nude Cong hda xa hpi chu nghia Viet Nam".
Ve tinh chat, ngay tii Hien phap ndm 1946, tai Dieu 1 da ndi ro: "Tdt cd quyen binh trong nude la ciia todn the nhan ddn Viet Nam, khdng phan biet ndi gidng, gai trai, giau ngheo, giai cdp, ton giao". Din Hiln phdp ndm 1959, tinh chat tren duoc xdc ditrii lai
tai Dieu 4: "Tat ca quyen lyc trong nude Viet Nam Ddn chu Cdng hda deu thudc ve nhan dan". Hien phdp ndm 1980 xac dinh lai mpt lan nira tai Dieu 6: "O nude Cpng hda xa hdi chii nghia Viet Nam, tdt ca quyen lyc thupc ve nhan dan". Hien phap nam 1992 tai Dieu 2 da khdng dinh rd rang, manh me va khiic triet hon: "Nhd nude Cpng hda xa hdi chii nghTa Viet Nam la Nha nude phap quyen ciia nhan ddn, do nhan ddn, vi nhdn dan. Tdt cd quyen luc nha nude thudc ve nhan dan...", Hien phap nam 2013 tiep tye khang dinh tinh chdt nay vd nhan manh: "Nude Cdng hda xd hdi chu nghia Viet Nam do nhdn dan Idm chu...".
Ve nhiem vy, quyen han cua Qudc hpi, Hien phdp nam 2013 quy dinh toan dien, day du hon so vdi cdc Hien phdp trudc do.
Trudc khi nghien eiru mdt sd npi dung cu the, cd le can thdng nhdt mdt vdi van de chung nhdt:
Do tinh chdt va tdm quan trpng dac biet ddi vdi su phat triSn cua xa hpi nen trong hien
* TS, nguyen Chii nhi?m VSn phong Qu6c hgi 54 SCi 864 (thdng 10 nam 2014)
Nghien cuu - Trao ddi Tap chi C 9 n g s d n
phap ciia mdi nude, the che chinh tri (hoac che dp chinh tri) thudng dupe ghi nhdn ngay trong chuong I vdi vai trd Id ehl dinh phdp !y cdn ban, chi phdi todn bp npi dung cdc che dinh khdc cua hien phap, trong dd cd che dinh bd may nhd nude ndi chung, ^udc hdi (co quan Idp phdp) ndi rieng. T h i c h i chinh tri vda Id tu tudng, vira Id ndi dung vd vda Id mdt "nguyen tdc" nen phdi dupe Idiang dinh diit khoat vd phdi dupe qudn triet xuyen sudt trong tdt cd cdc che dinh; khi quy dirji bat cii ehl dinh nao cimg i>hdi gdn chdt vdi the che chinh tri.
The che chinh tri la ndi dung phuong thiic td chirc vd boat ddng cua he thdng chinh tri cua mdt qudc gia ma trpng tam Id ciia nhd nude.
Th§ chS chinh tri dupe cdu thanh bdi cdc yeu td: chinh tri, kinh te - xa hdi, tu tudng - van hda, phdp luat. The che chinh tri dupe bieu hien ro net nhat d md hinh td chirc nhd nude trong hien phdp. Hien phdp cua mdi nude deu quy dinh rd ngudn gdc vd tinh chat cua quyen lyc, sy phdn bd vd td chiic cdc co quan quyen lyc va mdi quan he giira cdc co quan quyen lyc ciia nha nude; ve mdi quan he giiia nha nude vdi cdng dan va cac ddng phai chinh tri, cdc td chirc xa hpi; giiia cac giai cap, tang Idp xd hpi, giiia cdc ddn tpc trong nude va qudc tl...
Trong bdi cdnh cac the lyc thii dich bang nhiing muu manh tinh vi dd kich, tan cdng lien tye hdng lam bien dang, Idm thay ddi thi ehl chinh tri ciia nude ta thi viec dau tien trong Hiln phap nhu dd ndi d tt-en la phdi tiep djc khdng dinh manh me, diit khoat: Nhdn ddn Viet Nam xdy dung, thi hdnh vd bdo ve Hien phdp ndy vi muc tieu ddn gidu, nu&c mgnh.
ddn chii, cong bdng, vdn minh vd nu&c Cdn^
hda xd hpi chu nghia Viet Nam Id mot qudc gia dpc lap, co chit quyen, thdng nhdt vd todn ven lanh thd. bao gdm ddt lien, hdi ddo, viing biin vd viing trai. Tdt cd cdc ehl djnh ve Nhd nude, chi dp kinh tl, vdn hda, gido due, khoa hpc, cdng nghe, bdo vp Td qudc, quyln con ngudi, quyln vd nghia vy co bdn ciia cdng dan... diu phdi tudn thu thi chi chinh tri ndy, hoan todn khdng the khac dupe.
Dudi ddy la mdt sd quy dinh mdi, chu yeu ve Qudc hdi trong Hien phdp nam 2013.
1- Ve tinh chdt, vi tri, vai trd cua Qudc hdi trong bd may nha nude (Dieu 69), cd mdt ndi dung thay ddi co bdn, do Id "Qudc hdi Id co quan duy nhdt cd quyln Idp hien va lap phap", nay dupe quy dinh lai la "Qudc hdi thye hien quyen lap hien, quyen Idp phap...". Viec thay ddi tir "co quan duy nhdt cd qu^en" thdnh eo quan "thye hien quyen lap hien, lap phap", tru&c het Id sy thay ddi ve chdt. Neu ndi "duy nhdt cd quyen", thi thye te cd ngudi hieu la
"dpc quyen" va ddt van de, vdi 500 dai bieu Qudc hdi dai dien cho toan ddn, lieu Qudc hdi cd the xay dyng dupe "dao luat gdc" vd cdc dao luat khac that su cd chat luong khdng?
Tren thye te, Hien phap cung nhu cac dao ludt khac, neu duac nhieu ngudi, nhieu co quan, td chire, dodn the vd ca nhdn tren cac gidc dp khac nhau, vdi gdc nhin khae nhau, ddng gdp cac y kien da chieu, nhieu phia vd dupe tap hop, chat Ipc lai nhu mdt lang kinh hpi tu, thi chdc chan chdt luang se cao han nhieu. Do Cling chinh Id cdeh thiic chiing ta dd vd dang tien hdnh hien nay.
Thu hai. sy thay ddi ve pham vi, muc dp sat hpp vdi thuc tien dang dien ra. Mpt dao luat tir liic "tao hinh" cho den khi ra ddi, theo Luat Ban hanh vdn ban quy pham phdp ludt nam 2008, phai trai qua 6 cdng doan Idn d l dua vdo chuong trinh xay dyng luat: I - Soan thdo ludt; 2- Tham tra dy dn luat; 3- Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi xem xet cho y kiln;
4- Thdo ludn, tiep thu, chinh ly, thdng qua;
5- Cdng bd ludt; 6- Qudc hdi tham gia vd chiu trdch nhiem tdt cd, nhung thao tdc true tiep, chu yeu d 3 cong doan quan trpng giua Id 3, 4 va 5. Tuy nhien, trong ba cdng doan dd, cac chii the hinh dy an ludt, dac biet Id Chinh phii (noi cd khoang 90% cac dy an luat dupe trinh C?udc hdi) deu phdi tham gia tan lyc. Cung can ndi them rang, trudc khi trinh Qudc hdi. Ban soan thdo da lay y kien cdc ddi tupng dupe ludt dieu chinh va ddi tupng dupe dp dyng ha^c toan the nhdn dan (tiiy theo tung dao ludt); de phuc vy cdng tac thdm tra thi ca SO 864 (thdng Kl nuin 2014) 55
Nghien ciiu - Trao doi T p p <hf C<^ng s d n
quan thdm tra cung thu thap y kien tuong ty qua cdc dpi khao sat, cdc cupc gidm sdt. Nhu vay tren thye te, khdng chi "Qudc hdi la co quan duy nhdt cd quyen lap hien, lap phdp", md rat nhieu co quan, dodn the, td chiic, don vi vd ca nhdn (tir ngudi dan den cdc nhd khoa hpc) deu tham gia, thdm chi tham gia ngay tii dau. Bdi vdy viec quy dinh lai theo muc dp la hgp tinh, hgp ly. diing v&i thuc ti khdch quan.
2- Dieu 70 quy dinh ve nhiem vu, quyen han cua Qudc hdi thS hiSn trong 15 khodn. Ve n^i dung cd nhiing thay ddi quan trpng, bao gdm:
Khoan I, Qudc hdi khdng cdn nhiem vy, quyen h^n "quyet dinh chuong trinh xay dung luat, phap lenh". Van de ndy cd t h i dupe hieu Id, Qudc hdi, Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi se xdy dung luat, phap lenh theo yeu cdu ciia ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi phu hpp vdi thye tiln ddt ra cho timg nam va timg giai doan.
Khoan 2, ve ndi dung khdng cd thay ddi Idn, nhung do d Chuong X, mot mat, da bd sung hai thi§t che hien dinh dpc lap (hai ca quan) Id Hpi dong Bdu cii qudc gia va Kilm todn Nha nude; mat khdc, trong tuong lai, khi that sy cdn thiet cd the Qudc hdi se thanh lap them cdc co quan dpc lap khac, bdi vay, khodn 2 dupe bd sung them mdt doan sau cym tir
"Vien Kiern sat nhdn dan tdi cao", "Hdi ddng Bdu cu qudc gia, Kiim todn Nhd nu&c vd cdc ca quan khdc do Qudc hdi thdnh lap ". Vi cac CO quan nay thudc thdm quyln thanh lap cua Qudc hpi nen phai dua vdo nhiem vy, quyln ban cua Quoc hdi. Ciing cdn noi them rdng, viec hien djnh cdc ca quan dpc lap ndi tren gdp phdn lam rd hon chu quyln nhan dan, Idm rd hon co che^phdn cdng, phdi hop ti-ong viec kilm soat quyen lyc vd hoan thien bd mdy Nha nude phdp quyln xa hdi chu nghTa Viet Nam.
Khoan 3, QuQc hdi "Quylt dinh muc tiiu.
chi tieu. chinh sdch. nhiem vu ca bdn phat trien kinh t l - xa hdi cua ddt nude". Viec thay tir ke hogch bang ca cum tii muc tieu, chi tieu.
chinh sach vd nhiem vu ca bdn Id hpp ly va can thiet, diing vdi tdm nhiem vy, quyln han cua Qudc hpi. Cdn luu y tu co- bdn, nd Id "thira sd chung" cua muc tieu, chi tieu, chinh sdch
va nhiem vy chir khdng chi la nhiern vii ca ban. (Judc hdi chi quylt dinh nhung vdn de co ban, then chdt, cd tiiji chdt "xuong sdng" ciia ke hoach thay vi quylt dinh todn bp ke hoach nhu hien nay. Trong mpt ke hoach cd rat nhieu dieu myc, sd lieu dinh lupng, muc tieu dinh tinh cimg cdc gidi phap thye hipn; Qudc hpi khdng ldm thay cdng viec cu the, chi tiet cua CO quan hanh phap. Chinh phii se quyet dpih cy the vd bdo cdo trudc Qudc hpi. Bdi vay quy dinh nhu tren la diing mdc.
Khodn 4 cd hai van de mdi can quan tam;
Mdt Id, Qudc hpi quyet dinh nguyen tdc phdn chia cdc khodn thu vd nhiem vu chi giua ngdn sdch trung uang vd ngdn sdch diaphirang. Day la ndi dung da dupe the hidn trong Chuong in Ludt Ngan sach nha nude hien hanh vd dupe thye hien qua nhieu nam, nhieu nhipm ky va da trd thaiii nen nep. Ngdn sdch nhd nude la van de eye ky quan ti:png cua ke hoach phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi; Qudc hpi quyet dinh myc tieu, chi tieu, chinh sdch va nhiem vy ca ban phat trien kinh te - xa hpi ciia dat nude thi khdng the khdng quyet dinh vdn de co ban cua ngdn sach la phan chia cac khodn thu vd nhiem vy chi cua ngdn sach trung uong vd ngdn sdch dia phuong. Tuy nhien, Qudc hpi khdng quyet dinh cy the cdc chi tieu phan chia md chi quylt dinh cdc nguygn tdc phdn chia de dinh hudng cho viec phan chia cu the. Bdi vay, Hien phap dieu chinh quyen quyet dinh nguyen tdc phdn chia cac khodn thu, nhiem vu chi giiia ngdn sdch trung uong va ngan sach dia phuong va giao nhipm vy nay cho Qu6c hpi la can thiet va diing vdi nhiSm vy, quyen han cua Qudc hdi. Hai Id, Qudc hdi quyet dinh muc gi&i han an todn ng qudc gia, ng cdn^, ng chinh phu. Day Id nhi?m vy, quyln ban rat mdi. Cd the ddt van de, vi sao Qudc hdi phdi quyet dinh mire gidi ban cac loai np tren? Ldy np cdng lam vi dy de ly gidi dieu nay. Theo Cdng thdng tin ciia Bd Tai chinh tudn thii ba, thang 1-2013, tinh din ngay 3 M 2-2012, ty Ie np cdng ciia nude ta khoang 54,9% GDP.
Theo cdc chuyen gia tai chinh, vdi tdc dp tang np cdng cua Viet Nam hdng nam tren 15%
56SoS64(lli. '. \^\ iKim 20i4)
Nghien ciiu - Trao doi Top chf C^ng s d n
nhu nhiing ndm qua, nlu khdng khdng che thi den hit nhiem ky (2011- 2016), npr edng nude ta se vuprt 100% GDP - con sd din din nguy ca khung hodng. Do dd, Qudc hpi phdi quyet djnh miK gi&i hgn ng qudc gia, ng edng, ng chinh phu la quy dinh mdi dung dan, cdn thiet (np cdng ehi Id mdt bp phdn ciia np qudc gia bao gdm np chinh phu, np dupe Chinh phu bao lanh va np chinh quyen dia phuong).
Khodn 7 cd hai van de quan trpng: Mdt Id, tach vi?c bd piiieu tin nhiem thdnh mdt nhi?m vy va quyen ban dpc lap. Hai Id, chiic danh Thdm phan Tda an Nhdn ddn tdi cao ciing dupe Qudc hdi phe chudn viec bd nhiem hodc bj each chiic, vi d Chuong VI tai khoan 3 Dieu 88 da bd sung nhiem vy, thdm quyln cua Chu tjch nude la bd nhiem, miln nhiem, each chiic thdm phan cdc tda dn khac d l phu hpp vdi cdi cdeh tu phdp, do dd Qudc hdi phdi ph6 chudn trudc.
Bd sung them nhiem vy, quyln han (khodn 8) "Lay phieu tin nhiem, bd phieu tin nhiem doi vdi ngudi giii chiic vy do Qudc hdi bau hpdc phe chuan" la mpt tien bd ti-ong viec gidm sat, kiem soat quyen luc. Hien nay, viec nay cang trd nen cdp bdch, khdng the khdng day m^nh vipc thye thi. Vi the, Qudc hdi khda XIII ky hpp thii 4 da thdng qua Nghi quyet s6 35/QHI2/, ngdy 21-11-2012, v l Ldyphiiu tin nhiem, bd phieu tin nhi$m ddi v&i ngu&i do Qudc hpi bdu hogc phe chudn. Hien phap Idn ndy tir "mdt chi tiet" nang len thdnh "mdt nhifm vu, quyln han" ngang hang vdi cdc nhipm vy, quyen han khdc cua Qudc hdi.
Hien phap quy dinh "bd phieu tin nhiem" Id mpt nhipm vy, quyen ban "ddc lap" vdi cac nhipm vy, quyen ban khdc cua Qudc hdi Id hoan toan phii hpp vdi tinh hinh hien tai klii cd nude dang tich eye thye hipn Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung uong 4 khda XI ve xay dyng Dang. Nhiem vu nay sg gdp phdn thiic ddy ngudi giii cac chuc vu quan trpng trong bd mdy nhd nude thye thi nhipm vy kip thdi hon, mang tinh thiic day hon vd "rdn de" manh me hon; do dd cung ddp ung tdt hon Idng mong dpi cua cu tri.
Khodn 14 lien quan den thdm quyln ciia Chu tich nude (tai khodn 6, Dilu 93] trong viec quyet dinh ddm phdn, ky kit dieu udc qudc te nhdn danh Nhd nude; trinh Qudc hdi phe chudn diSu udc qudc te hoac quylt dinh phe chudn, gia nhap hoac chdm diitiiieu lyc dieu udc qudc te theo thdm quyln do Qudc hpi quy dinh (tai khoan 14 Dilu 70). Viec siia ddi, bd sung nhiem vy, quyen ban cua Chu tich nude khdng thudc pham vi bdi vilt ndy, nhung CO lien quan den nhiem vy, quyen ban ciia Qudc hdi. Rieng khodn 6, Dilu 93 v l co bdn phu hpp vdi yeu cdu edi cdeh tu phdp.
Trudc day quy dinh Qudc hpi "...phe chuan ho^c bai bd dieu udc qudc te do Chu tich nude tryc tiep ky; phe chudn ho^c bai bd edc dieu udc qudc te khdc dd dupe ky ket hoac gia nhdp tiieo de nghi ciia Chii tich nude".
Nay tren co sd khodn 6, Dieu 93, khoan 14 mdi Dieu 70 dupe quy djnh l^i Id Qude hpi
"... phe chudn, quyet djnh gia nhap ho^c cham dut hipu lyc ciia dieu udc qudc te lien quan den chien tranh, hda binh, chu quyln qudc gia, tu each thdnh vien cua Cpng hda xd hpi chu nghTa Vipt Nam t?i cdc td chiic qudc te va khu vyc quan trptig, dieu udc qudc t l ve quyen con ngudi, quyen vd nghTa vy co ban cua cdng dan vd dieu udc qudc te khdc trdi vdi luat, nghi quyet ciia Qudc hpi". Quy djnh mdi nay Id hodn todn can thiet vi hai ly do co bdn sau ddy:
Mdt Id. cd nhiing van de eye ky to Idn, dai sy, nhu chien tranh vd hda binh, ehu quyen qudc gia, quyen va nghia vy ca ban cua cdng dan md Dieu 84 Hien phdp nam 1992 chua ndi cu the; nay trong dieu kien Cuong ITnh xdy dyng ddt nude trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghia xd hdi (bd sung, phdt trien nam 20 U) ciia Dang da chi rd "bdi cdnh qudc te cd nhirng bien ddi to l&n vd sdu sdc", thdm chi la bien ddi khdn ludng, thi nhiing dieu udc qudc te (tryc tiep hoac cd lien quan) ve nhimg van de trpng dai do phdi do Qudc hpi xem xet de phe chudn hay khdng phe chuan. Bdi vdy, day Id nhiem vu, quyen hgn rat xdc ddng ciia Qudc hpi.
SoS64(lhiinii 10 nam 2014) 57
Nghien cihi - Trao ddi T p p <hi C 6 n g s ^ n
Hai Id, sau nam 1992, nude ta da tham gia nhilu td chiic qudc te, nhu Hiep hdi cdc qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), Dien dan Hog tac A - Au (ASEM), Diln dan Hpp tac kinh te chau A - Thai Bmh Duong (APECJ, Td chdc Thuong mai the gidi (WTO) va nhieu td chdc cua Lien hpp qudc. Trong thdi gian tdi, nude ta se tilp tye tham gia nhiing td chiic qudc te khdc. Viec (Judc hpi xem xet nen tham gia td chuc nay hay td chirc khac vdi tu each gi la can thiet nham bao ve Ipi ich qudc gia, dan tdc, w\ mdt nude Viet Nam xd hpi chu nghia giau manh. Mat khdc chiing ta ciing da tuyen bd, Viet Nam "Id ban, ddi tdc tin cay va thdnh vien cd trach nhiem trong cdng ddng qudc te".
Bdi vay, viec Qudc hdi xem xet phe chudn Id dung tam nhiem vy, quyen ban cua Qudc hdi.
3- NhiSm vu, quyen han ciia Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi (Dieu 74).
Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hpi cd 13 nhiem vu, quyen ban; ve ndi dung cd mdt sd diem mdi nhu sau:
Trudc het, Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi khdng cdn nhiem vu "Cdng bd vd chu tri viec bdu cir dai bieu Qudc hdi", vi nhiem vu nay da dupe chuyen cho Hdi ddng bdu cu qudc gia (mdt thiet che doe lap mdi).
So vdi Dieu 91 Hiln phdp ndm 1992 thi khoan 5 dupe tach thanh hai khodn mdi; doan ddu thupc cdng tac giam sat, dupe quy dinh thanh nhiem vu, quyen ban thii ba (khodn 3)
"Gidm sat viec thi hanh Hien phdp, luat, nghi quyet cua Qudc hpi, phdp lenh, nghj quylt cua Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi; gidm sat hoat ddng cua Chinh phii, Tda an Nhdn dan tdi cao, Vien Kiem sat nhan ddn tdi cao, Kilm todn Nha nude va co quan khdc do Qudc hdi thanh lap". Doan hai dupe quy djnh thanh khodn 4 mdi cua Dilu 74 Hiln phap nam 2013, do Id quyen "Dinh chi viec thi hanh vd trinh Qudc hpi bai bo cdc van ban ti-ai vdi Hiln phdp, luat, nghi quyet ciia Quoc hdi ddi vdi cac van bdn cua Chinh phu, Thii tudng Chinh phu, Tda dn Nhdn dan tdi cao, Vien Kilm sat nhdn ddn tdi cao. Vd tryc tiep bai bd van ban cua Chinh phu, Thu tudng Chinh phu, Tda dn Nhdn dan
tdi cao, Vien Kilm sat nhan dan tdi cao trai vdi phap lenh, nghi quylt ciia Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi".
Hai viec tren cd npi ham khac nhau (giam sdt va xir ly hgu gidm sat), quy trinh van hdnh cdng viec cua hai viec dd ciing khdc nhau nen rdt cdn thiet phdi dupe bde tach, quy djnh lai cho ranh mach.
Cd mpt nhiem vu - quyen ban hoan toaa mdi la, "Quyet djnh tharji lap, giai thS, nhap, chia, dieu chinh dia gidi don vj hanh chtoh dudi tmh, thanh phd tryc thudc Trung uong"
(khodn 8). Vi|c nay trudc day thudc nhiem vu, quyen han cua Chinh phu. Qua thuc thi cho thay, cd it nhdt hai tinh hudng khdng hop ly: Thu nhdt, cung Id thanh lap, chia tdch, sap rihap, dieu chinh dia gidi don vj hdnh chinh md mpt phan viSc nay (don vi hanh chinh cap tinh) do CO quan lap phap (Qudc hdi) thye hien, phdn cdn lai (don vj hdnh chinh cap huyen) do co quan hanh phap (Chinh phu) tien hanh. Thie hai, do bdt hpp ly ndi tren ma cd nhiing viec cy the rat khd giai quyet.
Dieu chinh dja gidi hdnh chinh cua mdt huyen thudc mdt tinh, nhung huySn do lai giap vdi tinh khdc (tiic Id vira dieu chinh dja gidi hanh chinh huyen, ddng thdi phdi dieu chinh dia gidi hanh chinh tinh, neu Chinh phu lam thi vudng ve dia gidi hanh chinh tinh, nlu Quoc hdi lam thi lai chdng cheo viec ciia Chinh phu Id dieu chinh dja gidi hanh chinh huyen), vi vay phdi quy ve mdt mdi. Tuy nhien co sir phan cap rd rang. Qudc hdi xir ly cdng vi|c ddi vdi tinh, thanh phd tryc thudc Trung uong, cdn Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi xu ly cac don vj huyen, qudn, thj xa, thdnh phd thupc tinh vd bdo cao vdi Qudc hdi. Sira ddi nay la can thiet va chat che.
Cd mdt nhiem vy, quyen ban cd th6 noi la
"mdi nay, cii xua", do Id khodn 12, Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hpi ed nhiem vu, quyln han
"Phe chudn de nghj bd nhiem, mien nhi§m dai su ddc menh todn quyen cua Cpng h6a xa hpi chu nghia Viet Nam". Hiln phdp nam 2013 quy dinh nhiem vu ndy chinh la kl thira quy dinh ciia Hien phdp nam 1959 vd Hiln 58 S6 864 (thang 10 ndm 2014)
Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tiip thi C^ng s d n
phdp nam 1980. Vi vi tii cua dai sir Id dai dien ddc menh todn quyln cua nude ta (mang tinh qudc gia) d nude ngodi nen Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi phai ph6 chudn d l Chu tich nude bd nhipm, cu hogc trieu hdi dgi sii Id hpp ly, diing ddn, ddng thdi ciing phii hop vdi thdng 1? qudc te.
4- Ve Hdi ddng Ddn tdc vd cac iiy ban cua Qudc hpi (cdc Di8u 75,76,77 va 78).
Mdt sd quy djnh, nhu Hdi ddng Ddn tdc, edc uy ban cd mpt sd thdnh vien hogt dpng chuyen trdch, hoac Chu tich Hpi ddn^ ddn tpc dugc tham du cdc phien hpp cua Uy ban Thu&ng vu Qudc hpi, da trd thanh tdt yeu nen khdng can thiet ghi trong Hiln phdp va da dupe bai bd.
Tir tinh chdt boat dpng ciia Qudc hpi va yeu cdu cdng tdc can bd, Hien phdp nam 2013 quy dinh ve cac co quan cua Qudc hdi cd sy ddi mdi theo sy phdn cdp qudn ly can bp. Qudc hpi chi bau Chu tjch Hpi ddng dan tOc vd Chu nhiem cac uy ban; cdn Phd Chii tich Hpi ddng Dan tdc, Phd Chu nhiem cdc liy ban va cac Uy vien Hdi ddng, Uy vien Uy ban do Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi phe chudn. Phdn cap nhu the Id hpp ly, phii hop vdi cdng tac quan ly can bd ciia Dang (bp trudng va tuong duong do Bd Chinh tri qudn ly, thir trudng vd tuong duong do Ban Bi thu qudn ly), song cung phdi tinh den thuc te quy trinh tien hdnh cdng viec ndy. Ai gidi thieu Phd Chii tjch Hdi ddng Dan tdc va cdc Uy vien cua Hdi ddng cung nhu Phd Chii nhiem cac iiy ban vd cdc iiy vien uy ban (trudc day do Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi gidi thieu), sau nay khi xay dung Ludt Td chiic Quoc hpi (mdi) rat can thiet phdi dupe cy the hda quy trinh thye hipn quy djnh ndy.
Cd mdt quy djnh mdi xudt phdt tir ket qua ho^t dpng gidm sat ciia Qudc hdi (theo quy djnh cua Ludt Hoat dpng gidm sat ciia Qudc h$i ndm 2003) cdn thilt phai quy djnh frong Hiln phap ndm 2013, do Id Uy ban lam thdi cua Quoc hpi. Tu Qudc hdi khda XI din nay cd khd nhilu vdn de md Qudc hpi phdi thdnh l9p cdc doan gidm sdt (thye chdt Id Uy ban
ldm thdi) de xu ly. Phdn Idn cdc vy, viec do la cac vu an oan, sai hoac cac van de kinh te cd sai sdt nghiem trpng. Vi vay, Hiln phap ndm 2013 cd hdn mdt dieu quy dinh v l Uy ban Idm thdi, do Id Dieu 78 vdi ndi dung nhu sau: "Khi can thiet, Qudc hdi thdnh lap Uy ban Idm thdi de nghien ciiu, thdm ti-a mpt du dn hoac dilu tra mdt vdn d l nhdt djnh".
5- Ve dai bieu Qudc hdi (cdc Dilu 79, 80, 8 1 v a 8 2 ) .
Nhin chung ve ndi dung khdng ed gi thay ddi Idn, chi cd khoan 1, Dieu 82 quy djnh:
"Dai bieu Qudc hpi co trach nhiem thuc hien day dii nhiem vy dai bieu" thay cho quy djnh cu "Dai bieu Qudc hpi phai danh thdi gian de Idm nhiem vu dai bieu". Quy dinh mdi nham de cao hon nira trach nhiem ciia dai bieu vd khang djnh rdng, dii la dai bieu chuyen trdch hay dai bieu kiem nhiem deu phdi lam trdn nhiem vu cua minh. Cung tai khoan 1, Dieu 82 cd mdt quy dinh mdi, dai bieu Qudc hpi
"cd quyen tham gia Idm thanh vien ciia Hpi ddng Ddn tpc hoac Uy ban cua Quoc hdi".
Quy djnh "md" nhu tren vua phii hpp vdi nguyen vpng cua dai bieu, vira nhanh chdng on djnh td chiic cdc co quan eua Qudc hdi. Ve ky thudt lap hien, trd Dieu 81, cdc dieu edn lai ed nhieu npi dung deu dupe cau tao thdnh edc khoan diit khoat vd mach lac hon (quy djnh eu khong cd dieu nao chia thanh khoan).
Noi tdm lai, che dinh ve Qude hdi trong Hien phap ndm 2013 tiep tuc dupe khdng dinh ve md hinh td chirc va ban chdt cua no trong tdng the he thdng chinh tri da dupe xac dinh tai Cuong ITnh xay dung dat nude trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghTa xa hpi (bd sung, phat trien nam 2011) va Van kien Dai hdi X, Dai hdi XI cua Dang, ke thira tinh hoa cua cac bdn Hien phdp trudc vd tham khao co chpn Ipc kinh nghiem nude ngodi. Vj tri, nhiem vi^, quyln ban, ca cau td chirc bd may cua Qudc hpi, cac CO quan cua Qudc hpi dupe quy djnh ddy dii, chat che va hoan thien han, phii hpp vdi tinh hinh dat nude trong giai doan hien nay va tdm nhin den ddu nhCrng nam 30 cua the ky nay Z2
S6 864(thaiit; II) niim 2014) 59
