KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
IMGHIEIVI CIJU LriVG DLJIMG PHUQIMG P H A P T A P IVIIJ DE DAIMH GIA CHAT LUQIMG THIET KE - CHE TAQ
IMHA LUQI TROIMG R A U , HOA, CAY GIOIMG
T6MTAT
Pham van Lang\ Nguyen Hay^, Pham S^
Bai bao neu len he thdng chi tieu danh gia chat lugng thiet ke - che tao nha luoi trong rau bang phucmg phap tap mo tren co so kinh nghiem nguoi su dung va tinh toan cua chuyen gia lien quan frong llnh vuc thiet ke che tao nha luoi trong rau, hoa... de co each nhin toan dien hon ve thiet ke che tao nha luoi diing frong nong lam nghiep. Ket qua thu dugc cho thay cac chi tieu v6 kinh te va dac trung sir dung co anh huong lon frong be thdng chi tieu.
Tiikh6a: Nhd lu&i trong rau, hoa, cdy gidng, tap ma.
LDATVAniOE
Hien nay, dien tich frdng rau, hga, cay gidng cua ca nudc dat khoang nira trieu hecta nhimg phan ldn deu bi 6 nhiim bdi hda chat bao ve thyc vat, do dd Inh hudng den sire khde edng ddng. Vi vay, frong nhting nam gan day, fren co sd img dyng tien bg ky thuat ttr cac nudc, nhieu co sd san xuat, co quan nghien ctiu khoa hgc da thiet ke, che tao cac lgai nha frdng (nha ludi, nha kinh...) dam bao cac yeu clu sau:
Rau, cay, hoa khong bi tac dgng bat lgi cua thdi tiet, khi hau: Mua, gid, bao...; it hi sau benh, giam sir dung thudc hda hgc, thudc bao ve thyc vat; chti dgng dieu chinh dugc dd am (khong khi, dat), nudc tudi, cudng dg anh sang, nhiet do phii hgp timg thdi ky sinh trudng.
Rieng b thinh phd D l Lat, frdng rau, hoa frong nha ludi 11 mgt tien bg ky thuat dugc ap dyng frgng nhieu nam qua. Vdi dieu kien vdn, thu nhap ciia nong dan nen cac thinh p h i n kinh te d Lam Ddng da md rdng mo hinh san xuat rau, hoa frong nha ludi. Tai cac phudng: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 va phudng 11, 12 da cd tir 250 + 300 ha frdng rau, hoa frong nha ludi, ket hgp frdng rau, hga va chan nuoi. Huyen Lac Duong, Dtic Trgng ciing cd mgt sd frang frai kinh doanh frong llnh vyc nay.
Phat frien rdng viec sir dyng nha ludi frdng rau, hoa vdi cong nghe tien tien gitip eho viec dieu khien anh sang, nhiet dd thich hgp, che dd tudi nudc cho cay hoa dat yeu cau ve do am, tiet kiem chi phi, tang thu nhap cho ngudi nong dan. Xem xet ddng thdi nhieu yeu td anh hudng ddi vdi chat lugng thiet ke.
' GS. TSKH. Vien Co dien NN & CNSTH. ^ PGS. TS. Dai hgc Nong lam TP. HCM.' TS. So NN & PTNT tinh Lam D6ng.
che tag nha frdng mdi chi nhan xet bang dinh tinh.
Bii viet nly su dyng phuemg phap tap md cd kha nang tap hgp nhieu yeu td anh hudng ddi vdi nha frdng, n h l m giiip cho nha thiet ke, che tao cd them thong tin de xii ly cho phii hgp.
II. PHUONG PHAP DANH GIA NHA LUH TRONG RAU, HOA, CAY GIONG
1. Phuong phip dinh g i l tip hgp mdr
Tap md va Iggic md dya fren suy luan cua cgn ngudi ve thdng tin khdng day du m6 ta he thdng, dieu khien he thdng chinh xac. Danh gia frinh dd thiet ke, lap rap nha ludi frdng rau la mgt he thdng kha phtic tap, neu sir dyng phuong phap hinh hda (hoac mdt dang mo hinh toan hgc khac) se gap khd khan vi thieu thdng tin ve ket can cung nhu cac budc c6ng nghe che tag. Sii dung c6ng nghe tinh toan md cho phep tim mdi quan he giiia bien "VAO" va "RA"
cua q u i frinh san xuat v l nd dugc m6 ta dam bag do chinh xae cd the chap nhan dugc.
2. Xic lip c i c chi ti6u dinh g i l chit lugng n h i ludi fr6ng rau, hoa
Ddc trung su dung: Tinh van nang, kha nang sit dyng tien tien, hoan thien, vat lieu che tao, tinh lap lln, tinh thich nghi khi hau, kha nang phdng chdng dich benh.
Tinh kinh te: Gia thanh che tao, nhu clu thi trudng, tieu thu nang lugng, lgi ich ve kinh te mang lai.
Tinh m&i, tinh sdng tgo: Bag gdm cong nghe vat lieu mdi, thiet ke (ket cau) mdi, he dieu khien, miic dd hien dai.
Tinh thdm my: Dep, phit hgp truyen thdng van hda, dac tnmg dan tdc cua tiing vung.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
3. Tdm tit h6 thdng chi ti6u dinh gil
Dac trung
sir dung
Tinh van nang
Kha nang sir dung
Vat Heu che tao Thich
nghi khi hau Kha nang phong chong djch b?nh Thao lap ti?n lgi
Tinh kinh 16
/ /
y
\
\ \
\
\
\
Gia thanh
che tao Kha nang lieu
thu
Tieu thu nang lugng
Lgi ich kinh
ta
III. XAY DUNG Md HINH SO HOC DANH GIA TAP HOP
1. CIc budc xly dtmg md hinh s6 hgc 1). Tap hgp nhan td danh gia la U:
r - U ,
u
Trong dd n la chi tieu cua timg ma fran.
2). Tap hgp cho diem la V:
V=(Vi,V2,V3, . . . , v j
Trong dd m la sd chuyen gia danh gia.
3). Diem danh gil cho timg yeu td:
Ui = (Ui, U2, ..., u„)
4). Tap hgp md fren V se la:
r fij ^ Vj =
j = l,2, ...,m
Tinh sang tao, tinh moi
. /
/
Tinh tham my
Tinh dep
Phil hgp ky thuat truyen thong
Tdng hgp lai, se cd ma fran danh gia nhu sau:
R = 121
ri2
r2m Tni rn2 ••• F ^ ^ ^
Vdi: r„ e [0,1]; j = 1, 2, 3,..., m va i = 1, 2, 3 ...n
'-.=1
•'.'1 .!-,0
• i r t |
•rd,:
I
7=12. Trgng sd cle nhin td
n
A = (ai, a2, a3,..., a„) Vdi ^ a, = 1; a^ > 0 3. K^t qui cho di^m tdng hgp
B = AR=(bi,b2,b3,...,bJ
Cho diem don yeu td cac nhan td dugc tap hgp fren, ddiig thdi chg cac nhan td dd frgng sd A' tuong ting va cd the chg diem tdng hgp cap 2.
4. Chg di^m d p 2
C = A'.R' = (Bl, B2, Bs,..., Bk)
ra^:
KHOA HOC C b N G N G H l
Trong do: R' la ma fran chg diem cap 2.
A'=(A'„A'2,A'3,A'4)
A' la frgng sd ciia cac nhan td tdng thanh: Dac tinmg su dung, tinh kinh te, tinh sang tao, tinh tham my cua nha ludi.
Bk vdi k = 1, 2,..., 1 - la ma fran cho diem cap 1.
5. Ung diing
Lay loai nha ludi cd dien tich khoang 400 -^ 500 m^
cd till chdng tai TP. D l Lat. Day la loai nha ludi dat hieu qua cag frong dieu kien tham canh, nhat ll vy he thu (mua nhieu), ban ehe sau benh, thudc hda hgc.
IV. CAC BUdc TiNH TOAN XAC DjNH CHAT LUONG NHA LUOI
1. Tip hgp nhin td dinh gil
U = {ui, U2, U3, U4, U5, Ue, Uy, Ug, Ug, Uio, Uu, U12, U13, Ul4. tll5. U16, U17}
Theg 4 dac frung sir dung, tinh kinh te, tinh mdi, tinh my quan, dd 11: Tinh van nang, vat heu che tag, thdi gian sir dyng, tinh thich nghi khi hau, kha nang thdng gid, tinh thag lap tien lgi, gia thanh che tao, nhu cau till trudng, tieu thu nang lugng, lgi ich ve kinh te mang lai, cgng nghe - vat Ueu mdi, thiet ke (ket cau mdi), he dieu khien, mtie do hien dai, tinh dep, truyen thdng van hda, dae tnmg dan tdc theo viing.
2. Chgn tip hgp dinh g i l
Sii dyng ngi dung sau eho tap hgp danh gia. Sir dung bien ngdn ngti thong qua gia fri md, bag gdm:
Rat tdt, tdt, b-ung binh, kem - ehi chat lugng thiet ke nha ludi frdng hoa, rau. Ky hieu:
V = {Vi, V2 v„} = {rat tdt, tdt, tiling binh, kem}
3. M6 hinh dinh g i l tip hgp mb
a) Xdc dinh md hinh ddnh gid dan nhdn td Dua vag 4 he thdng chi tieu neu fren, cd the xic dinh theg:
Ul = {Ui, U2, U3, U4, U5, Ug}
U2 = {Uy, Ug, Ug, Uio}
U3 = {Uii, U12, Ui3, U14}
U4 = {Ui5, U16, U17}
b) Ket qud tinh todn dan nhdn td
Dya vao ket qua tu van cua ehuyen gia va tham khao de tai "Nghien cim tuyen chgn, thie't ke, che tao mo hinh nha frdng rau, hga, cay gidng thich hgp" do ky su Nguy§n Viet Long chii fri, dat ket qua nhu sau:
'0,294 0,411 0,176 0,117'
R^ =
R.
^ 3 =
0,304 0,355 0,412 0,303 0,423
"0,359 0,382 0,287 0,297 0,258 0,306 0,189 0,270 0,262 0,288 0,20
0,413 0,326 0,319 0,205 0,338 0,311 0,265 0,356 0,297 0,290 0,340 0,324 0,349 0,320 0,352 0,327
0,195 0,173 0,206 0,411 0,169 0,239 0,265 0,207 0,246 0,322 0,238 0,27 0,252 0,32 0,237 0,253
0,086 0,163 0,061 0,078 0,067 0,089"
0,085 0,148 0,158 0,129"
0,115 0,216 0,136 0,097"
0,121 0,14
^ 4 =
4. Xic djnh tap hgp frgng sd cua d c nhan td Xac dinh chi tieu Hen quan, de ra qui tac chgn frgng sd de cac nha khoa hgc, chuyen gia frgng linh vyc thiet ke - img dyng nha ludi danh gia bang diem cy the. Ket qua thu dugc vl tdng hgp nhu sau:
Ddc tnmg su dung:
Al = (0,142; 0,178; 0,214; 0,125; 0,160; 0,178) Tinh kinh te:
A2 = (0,25; 0,208; 0,25; 0,291) Tinh mai, tinh sdng tgo:
A3 = (0,217; 0,239; 0,347; 0,195) Tinh thdm my:
A, = (0,384; 0,307; 0,307)
5. Tinh d c chi ti6u md hinh dinh gil t ^ md d p 1
B,=A,.R, (0,142;0,178;0,214;0,125;0,160;0,17 8):c 0,294 0,304 0,355 0,412 0,303 0,423
0,411 0,413 0,326 0,319 0,205 0,338
0,176 0,195 0,17 0,206 0,411 0,169
0,117 0,086 0,163 0,061 0,078 0,067
(0,347;0,334;0,218;0,099)
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
^2 = A.i?2 = (0,25;0,208;0,25;0,29)x
B, A,.R, (0,217;0,239;0,347;0,195)x 0,359 0,382 0,287 0,297 0,258 0,306 0,189 0,270
0,311 0,265 0,356 0,297 0,290 0,340 0,329 0,342
0,239 0,265 0,207 0,246 0,322 0,328 0,270 0,252
0,089 0,085 0,148 0,158 0,129"
0,115 0,216 0,135
= (0,327;0,308;0,238;0.123)
:4
= (0,247;0,325;0,270;0,157)
^4 = A^.R^ = (0,384;0,307;0,307) =
0,262 0,320 0,320 0,097 0,288 0,352 0,237 0,121 0,20 0,327 0,2523 0,140
= (0,250;0,331;0,273;0,117)
Can cir vag dd le thudc ldn nhat thong qua ke't qui xac dinh gia fri Bi, B2, B3, B4 tir dd danh gia mgt cap cua cac nhan td: Dac frung sir dyng rat tdt, tinh sang tao tdt, tinh kinh te va tinh tham my phit hgp dac tnmg cua timg vimg deu tdt.
6. Xic dinh md hinh dinh gil tdng hgp d p 2 a. Dya vao he thdng danh gia chat lugng thiet ke nha ludi, xac dinh tap hgp nhan td danh gia tdng hgp cap 2 theo cong thtic C = A'.R' nhu da neu.
* Tir ket qua danh gia cap 1 cd the thu dugc ma tran danh gia don nhan td ciia tap hgp C:
C =
"0,347 0,334 0,218 0,099"
0,327 0,308 0,238 0,123 0,247 0,325 0,270 0,157 0,250 0,331 0,273 0,117
B = A'.C = (0,35;0,35;0,2;0,l)x 0,347 0,327 0,247 0,250
0,334 0,308 0,325 0,331
b. Thdnh lap tap hgp trong sd cdc nhdn td A' = (0,35; 0,35; 0,20; 0,1)
* Xay dyng mo hinh danh gia tdng hgp hai cap:
0,218 0,099"
= (0,311;0,323;0,241;0,121) 0,238
0,270 0,273
0,123 0,157 0,117 Gil fri thu duge B dinh gia chat lugng thiet ke
nhi ludi frdng hoa (dang cao cap). Chuan hda thu dugc gia fri B* = (0,311; 0,323; 0,241; 0,121).
V. THAO LUAN
He md dugc xay dyng danh gia frinh do thiet ke, lap rap, sii dyng nha ludi frdng rau, hoa ro gia fri kinh te cao vdi tap hgp cac chi tieu: Dac tnmg sir dyng, tinh kinh te, tinh sang tao, tinh mdi va tinh tham my. Day la loai nha kinh dang dugc quan tam d vitng san xuat rau - hga theo hudng tieu chuan hda ket cau, su dung hgp ly nhat he dieu khien ty ddng, dam bao co gidi hda dat frinh dd cao.
Trong dieu kien thuan lgi ve khi hau va kinh nghiem san xuat ciia cac thanh phan kinh te d tinh Lim Ddng, nha frdng hoa, rau tai thanh phd Da Lat mang lai hieu qua va the hien ro d cac chi tieu: Tinh kinh te va dac tnmg sir dyng.
Theo ly thuyet tap md dai lugng cd frgng sd cao, thi chi tieu dd cd anh hudng ldn ddi vdi qua frinh dinh gia. Trong trudng hgp nha ludi dugc xem xet, chi tieu hieu qui kinh te la tdt nhat, sau dd den dac
frung sir dyng. Tinh tham my chua thyc sy cd yeu
cau cao frong thiet ke. ,T
VI. KET LUAAI
1- Sir dyng phuong phap logic md danh gia chat lugng thiet ke nha ludi frdng hoa, dugc lam mat bang thong gid cuong btic, ket hgp phun suong, dieu khien ty ddng; dien tich nha tuong ddi ldn cd cot chdng, ludi chdng con triing vi sir dyng ni long xung quanh dat ket qua cao: Tinh nang sii dyng, tinh kinh te, tinh mdi hien dai, kha hoan thien, gitip cho ngudi sir dyng du dd tin cay.
2. Nhirng nhan td dugc img dyng frgng qua frinh xem xet nha ludi frdng rau, hoa deu la thong tin md, vi vay cd the diing ly thuyet tap md lugng hda cac yeu td hen quan, tang do tin cay, tinh khach quan khi xem xet chat lugng thie't ke nha ludi.
3. Phuong phap tap md dya tren tai lieu thu thap dugc thong qua y kien chuyen gia phan tich, so sanh vin chua dii dieu kien de so sanh vdi dang nha ludi dugc thiet ke xay dyng dgn gian, tan dyng nguyen lieu dia phugng phii hgp quy mg hd gia dinh. Ddng
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
thdi frong qua frinh thu thap y kien chuyen gia khdng franh khdi ap dat y kien chu quan. Do dd can hinh thanh "ehuan" frgng viee thu thap thong tin,
"ma hda" he chuyen gia, giai den mtic thap nhat y kien mang tinh ap dat chu quan nhlm giiip cho ngudi quan ly, khai thac thdng tin va de cd nhfing quyet dinh mang tinh khoa hgc va thyc tiSn.
TAI UEU THAIVI KHAO
(2) Phan Xuan Minh, NguySn Doan Phudc (2006). Ly thuyet dieu khien md. NXB Khoa hgc Ky thuat. Ha Ngi, 2006.
(3) Nguyin Trgng Thuan (2000). Dieu khien logic
va ting dyng, NXB Khoa hgc Ky thuat. Ha Ndi, 2000.
(4) Nguyin Khac Trai (2007). Ky thuat chuan dgan 6 to. NXB Giao thong van tai. Ha Ndi 2007.
(5) Nguyin Viet Long (2008). Nghien cuu, tuyen chgn, thiet ke - che tao mo hinh nha frdng rau, hoa, eay gidng thich hgp tai Viet Nam. Bao d o tdng ket khoa hgc va ky thuat de tai cap Bg Nong nghiep va Phat frien nong thon. Ha Ndi.
(6) Zhang Shujuan, He Yang, Dai hgc Tdng hgp Triet Giang, Wang Shuangxi, Dai hgc Ndng nghiep Sgn Tay. Tap chi Ndng nghiep co gidi hge bao 5/2002-V6 Thanh Binh dich.
STUDY OF FUZZY-SET METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY IN DESIGN- MANUFACTURE OF GREEN-HOUSE FOR PLANTATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS AND
SEED PLANTS
Pham Van Lang, Nguyen Hay, Pham S Summary
In this paper, a system of criteria has been set up-based on experiences and related observations of operators and experts involved in green house vegetable plantation for evaluating the quality in tbe design and manufacture of green houses for vegetables, flowers plantation. A more comprehensive overview could be obtained through the applied methodology on tbe design and manufacture of the green house. Results from tbe study show that, tbe economic efficiency and operation characteristics criteria are those that have great influence to the evaluation among others in the system.
Keywords: Green-house for plantation of vegetable, flower and seed plants, fuzzy-set methodology.
Ngudi phin bi$n: PGS. TS. Nguygn Khic Trai