Thuc tieh - Kinh nghiem
Cong tac dieu tra ca ban
l(hi tuong thuy van, moi truong bien
O PHAM DOAN VIET ANH
Dieu tra ca bdn cdc dieu Men khi tugng thdy vdn vd mdi trudng bien (KTTV&MTB) se cho phep ndng cao viec phue vu du bdo cdc nguon lgi bien phue vu cho viec xdy dung cdc cong trinh tren bien, khai thdc tdng hgp cdc nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien td Men, phdt trien ben vdng kinh tebien, ddm bdo an ninh qud'c phong tren Men. Vi vdy, dieu tra ca bdn cdc dieu kien KTTV&MTB cdn dugc xem la mgt trong nhung ye'u td quan trgng ldm tien de cho su phdt trien kinh tebien ciia nu&c ta vd cdng tdc ndy cdn phdi tie'n hdnh tru&c mdt bu&c ldm ca sa khoa hgc cho cdc quy hogch, ke'hogch phdt trien kinh te Men.
Van con nhieu kho khan, bat cap
NhQng nam gin day, cdng tic khao sat KTTV&MTB cd nhflng budc tien bd dang kl, dugc thuc hien theo quy dinh, khd'i lugng sd lieu ldn, cd tfnh he thd'ng va khi ddng bd vl dac trung phan bd d c ye'u td KTTV&MTB cho hai mua ddng va mua he tren pham vi toan vung thim lue dia. CIc kei qua nly da phue vu thiei thuc cho d c nganh khai tbac tii nguyen, phat triln kinh te biin vl gdp phln tfch cue cho su nghiep bao ve chu quyin cua nude ta tren biin.
Tuy nhien, cdng tie nay hien dang tdn tai mdt sd khd khan, bit cap, cin dugc giai quyet: Mang ludi tram cd dinh duge quy hoach tQ nam 1987, thuc te khdng cdn phu hgp vdi yeu clu phit triln hien tai.
Thiet bi d d c tram cdn thd sa, trinh do quan ly cung nhu chuyen mdn cdn ban che. Xet vl mat dia ly, cflng nhu dac trung vl diiu kien KTTV&MTB cho vung ven bd thi
sd lugng tram chua du, phan bd khdng ddng diu, thua thdt tren ca mdt dii ven bien. Day chfnh 11 ban che khdng nhd trong phue vu du bio, quy hoach d c vung kinh te ven biin va cac tham sd diu vao cho viec thiei ke, thi cdng cle cdng trinh ven biin. Cac cdng trinh chuyen mdn cua cle tram nay da hu hdng, xud'ng d p d n phai sQa chua va xay mdi, hlu hei cdng trinh cua d c tram diu dan sa, nhilu ye'u to chi quan trie bing mlt thudng.
Cac may, thiet bi cua d c tram khdng cd du trQ, khdng bao dam dung quy dinh, quy trinh kilm dinh miy va la nhQng may dugc san xuat tQ nhung nam 70-90 nhu may trilu ky kiiu phao CYM, Stevens A71, trilu ky Ip luc, hoac may ngim sdng Ivanop cd do chfnh xle khdng cao. Nhflng tram khdng cd may do sdng hoac bi hdng tbi quan trie bang mlt thudng. Nhflng tram khdng cd may trilu ky thi quan trie bang thuy chf (thudc bang gd gin vao vi trf cd dinh) 4 lan/ngay.
Ngoai ra, khdng cd miy do do man nudc bien thi quan trie bang phu ke, nhiet biiu thuy ngan da rit lac hau. Ddi ngfl can bd trong bien che lam cdng tic hai van tai 17 tram hien nay, da sd tram chi tQ 2- 4 ngudi/tram khdng dap Qng dugc nhung ddi hdi cua yeu d u thuc tiln dat ra. Neu d c tram dugc diu tu cac may, thie't bi cho cle hang muc do dac mdi, thi sd bien cbl tai cac tram nay phai dugc bd sung.
Cdng tic diiu tra khao sat tren bien, tuy da cd tau nghien ciin bien va dua vao sQ dung nhung chua xay dung dugc ke hoach dii ban vl diiu tra ca ban. 6 mQc do quin ly nha nudc, viee diiu hinh cdng tie diiu tra ca ban vl KTTV&MTB chua dugc thdng nhit, phd'i hgp td't giua cac nglnh, cae dan vi cung dugc giao nhiem vu diiu tra co ban vl bien; viec diu tu tan man va nhd so vdi thuc te, nen chua hieu qua.
Trang thiet bi lip dat tren tau thie'u vl chung loai lai ft vl sd lugng, nen ban che vl kha nang do dac va
3 6 Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 1 - Thang 3/2011
nghien cQu ddng bd. Cdng tac diiu tra CO ban KTTV&MTB chu ye'u thuc hien trong vung them luc dia.
Tren quy md toan Bien Ddng, tQ sau chuyen khao sat phd'i hgp Viet - Nga, Viet Nam chua tu td chQc dugc d c chuye'n diiu tra khao sat tuong tu vi khdng cd phucmg tien va kinh phf.
Cdng nghe, thiet bj quan trie thieu va khdng ddng bd; ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac diiu tra, khao sat KTTV&MTB cdn thie'u can bd cd trinh do cao; chfnh sich dai ngd dd'i vdi ddi ngu llm cdng tic quan trie KTTV&MTB chua thda ding, dac biet la dd'i vdi d c can bg khoa hgc ky thuat lam viec true tie'p tren bien.
Mac du trong nhQng nam qua, Nha nudc da cd nhflng diu tu vl ca sd vat chat, miy thie't bi do dac chuyen mdn, md nhung ldp dao tao nang cao trinh do nang luc cho d n bd nhung vln chua dip Qng dugc yeu d u dat ra d giai doan hien nay.
Viec thieu dinh hudng nghien cQu ca ban cua cac chucmg trinh ldn din de'n tinh trang nghien cQu tan man, chua dung vdi yeu clu thuc te, chua triln khai dugc cac md hinh du bao theo cle chuyen nganh, nhit la d c md hinh du bao bien.
Mgt sd giai phap
TQ nay de'n nam 2020, cdng tic diiu tra ca ban, nghien cQu khoa hgc va phue vu KTTV&MTB phai thuc su dip Qng cho nhu clu phit triln kinh te biin cua dit nudc vdi nhQng ddi hdi cu the, chat lugng cao. Budc di ngly nay ddi hdi phai nhanh hem, nhilu qui trinh phai di tit, ddn diu va dau tu dung hudng vl cdng nghe phu hgp vdi khu vuc vl the gidi. Cin phai xay dung quy hoach tdng thi vl cdng tac diiu tra ca ban, phat triln cdng nghe phue vu KTTV&MTB
tren nin cua Chie'n luge biin Qud'c gia, bao gdm: Chie'n luge an ninh qud'c phdng biin; chien lugc phit triln khoa hgc va cdng nghe biin;
chie'n lugc phat triln kinh te biin;
chien luge Qud'c gia vl phdng tranh giam nhe thien tai.
Diiu tra ea ban KTTV&MTB:
Tap trung holn thien mang ludi quan trie tdng hgp KTTV&MTB cd dinh ven bd, trong dd ldng ghep, nang d p 13 tram khf tugng hli van dang boat ddng thanh tram quan trie tdng hgp TN&MT bien, xay dung mdi 16 tram va 1 tram trung tam thu sd lieu tai Ha Ndi. Tu ddng boa mang ludi quan trie tram quan trie tdng hgp TN&MT Biin ven bd, hai dao vdi dudng truyin thdng tin tu ddng. Ddng thdi, thuc hien diiu tra khlo sit cac yeu to KTTV&MTB theo chuang trinh 4 chuyen/nam tai d c vung biin thudc them luc dia Viet Nam kei hcfp vdi cac chuye'n diiu tra ven bd va hai dao bang tau/thuyin nhd d do sau < 10 m nude.
Tang cudng sd lugng tau nghien ciiu biin dl thay phien diiu tra khao sat biin va thim luc dia nudc ta. Xay dung chuang trinh diiu tra tdng hgp toln bd biin Ddng, phd'i hcfp vdi cle nudc xung quanh biin Ddng va tren the gidi:
Hoa Ky, DQc, Nga, Trung Qudc, Philippine, Thai Lan, Campuchia, Indonexia, Malayxia...
Quan ly ca sd dQ lieu bien (trong dd cd du lieu KTTV&MT bien): Cin cd chfnh sach rd rang va thdng nhit vl diiu tra, xay dung, quan ly CSDL biin va td chQc diu md'i ve quan ly va phan phd'i thdng tin vl TN&MT biin. Thu thap va quan ly du lieu theo chuan qudc te.
Coi dQ lieu biin la mdt thanh phln trong xay dung co sd ha ting thdng tin qud'c gia.
Quan ly nha nudc: Hinh thanh td chQc quan ly tap trung vl CSDL TN&MT biin. Nhanh chdng holn thanh Du In xay dung thd'ng nhit ve ca sd du lieu biin qudc gia theo md hinh tap trung va phi tap trung va dua Trung tam DQ lieu biin Qud'c gia di vao hoat ddng dai dien cho Viet Nam. Xay dung vl hoan thien d c thi che chfnh sach vl diiu tra khlo sit tdng hgp va thu thap quan ly CSDL TN&MT biin.
Ban hanh d c tieu chuln va quy chuan ky thuat vl diiu tra khao sit, luu trQ, quan ly CSDL TN&MT bien theo Luat Tieu chuan vl Quy chuan ky thuat. Cd chfnh sich dio tao, hd trg phat triln ngudn nhan lire de kip thdi dap Qng nhu clu cdng tie vl TN&MT bien.
Tang cudng nang luc cho cle CO quan quin ly vl biin (ha ting ca sd, miy, trang thiet bi diiu tra khao sit, phdng thf nghiem, phuang tien van chuyen...); hoan thinh xay dung he thd'ng tram quan trie tdng hgp KTTV&MT bien vl he thd'ng Rada bien; trien khai cac hang muc quan trie theo hudng hien dai.
Nang d p trang thiet bi cho tiu nghien cQu biin, thuc hien tu ddng hoi qui trinh diiu tra tren biin;
xay dung ben dd cho ddi tau nghien cun bien; tao ngudn nhan luc tren ca sd kei hgp vdi d c Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien - Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Hgc vien Thuy lgi, Dai hgc TN&MT
Chu trgng hcfp tie qudc te vdi d c td chQc qud'c te vl bien nhu IOC, WMO (Td chQc Khf tugng The gidi), JCOMM (Uy ban Phdi hgp Khf tugng biin va Hai duang hgc WMO-IOC); tang cudng khi nang hgp tac da phuang, song phuang de trao ddi sd lieu, tie'p thu cdng nghe mdi vdi d c qud'c gia trong khu vuc va tren the gidi. •
Tdi nguyen yd Mdi trudng | Ky 1 - Thang 3/2011 OT