7
Anh hu'dng cua dai djch Covid-19 den du lich Viet Nam dau nam 2020 va tu'dng lai nganh du Ijch
PHi\M MINH HtfdNG' BUI THI THAMH HCfdNQ"
T d m t a t
Bdi vii't khdi qudt dnh hudng cda dai dich Covid-19 din du lich the gidi vd du Ifch Vi$t Nam, ddng thdi, chi ra mot sdhinh thdc chuyen ddi kinh doanh cua cdc doanh nghiep du lich trong bdi cdnh dai dich vda qua. Td dd, de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp hdu hieu nhdm gdp phdn giup ngdnh du lich vugt qua dai dich Covid-19.
Tiif khoa: dai dich Covid-19, du lich Viet Nam, khdch qud'c td Summary
This article outlines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on global and Vietnam's tourism. Also, it points out some forms of business transformation of tourism agencies in this pandemic. Finally, some effective solutions are proposed to help tourism sector overcome the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, Vietnam's tourism, international visitors
mac benh, vdi tdng sd'ca mdc Id 79.017, sd ca txt vong la 2.441 (Hai Ydn, 2020).
Dai dich Covid-19 cung da gay t6n tha't ndng nd cho du lich the gidi trong quj I ndm 2020, cu thd: gidm khodng 67 tridu khdch du lich qudc td; mdt khoang 80 ty USD xud't kh^u du lich; 100%
diem dd'n du lich bi han che (UNWTO, 2020a), trong dd, hai khu vffc ma Iffdng khach du lich qud'c te' giam nhidu nhd't la Ddng Bac A (gidm 40%) vd Ddng Nam A (giam 33%) (UNWTO, 2020b).
Khdng ndm ngoai xu hffdng dd, dai dich Covid-19 cung anh hffdng n^ng ne tdi du lich Vidt Nam, cu the nhff sau:
Bavdlbiptigkhachqiidc^dm Vi$tNam Sd hdu d Bang 1 eho thay, Iffdng khdch qud'c te den Vidt Nam trong quy I ndm 2020 ffdc dat 3.686.779 Iffdt, gidm 18.1%
so vdi cung ky nam 2019. Cu thd, trong thdng 01/2020, khi dich Covid-19 chffa gay dnh hffdng Idn den hoat ddng du lich thd gidi cung nhff trong nffdc, Iffdng khdch qudc te trong thdng 01/2020 dat dffdc khd cao (1.710.168 Iffdt), tang 32,8% so vdi ciing ky ndm 2019. Tuy nhidn, den didng 02/2020, con sd ndy da sut gidm 21,8%
so vdi cffng ky 2019. Den thdng 03/2020, Iffdng khdch qudc td den Viet Nam gidm 'ThS., " T h S . , Khoa Marketing, ThiTdng mat va Du Ijch, TrUSng Dai hpc Kinh t^ v^ Quan trj kinh doanh - D?i hoc Thdi Nguyen
Ngdy nhdn bdi. 23/04/2020: Ngdy phdn bifn: 25/05/2020; Ngdy duy^t ddng: 27A)5/2020 G l O l T H I E U
Dai dich Covid-19 da thay ddi nhanh chdng cue didn ciia nganh du lich thd' gidi cung nhy du lich Viet Nam theo hffdng tidu eye. Tinh de'n het thdng 3/2020, ffdc tinh hang khong die gidi hi lo khodng 880 t^ USD do vide eat gidm va tam dffng ede chuyen bay npi dia vd qud'c td' trdn toan thd gidi (Duy Quang, 2020). Cdn dieo thdng kd cua To chffc Du lich the gidi (UNWTO) (2020a), tff dau thdng 4/2020, cd 96% didm dd'n trdn toan the gidi da ddng cu'a hoan toan hodc mot phan vdi khdch du lich. Ong Zurab Pololikashvih, Tong thff ky UNWTO cho rang, hang trieu lao ddng trong ngdnh du lich ed the bi mat viec lam va "Covid-19 da tdc ddng dd'n ngdnh du lich nghidm trpng ddn mffc chffa tijfng cd sff kien nao trffdc ddy anh hffdng nang ne den nhff vay trong lich su: (An An, 2020). Trong khi dd, Iffdng khdch qud'c td dd'n Viet Nam trong quy I ndm 2020 ffdc dat 3.686.779 Iffdt, giam 18,1% so vdi ciing ky nam 2019 (Tdng cue Thd'ng kd, 2020).
A N N Hl/CflSIG C U A C O V I D - 1 9 T d i D U L I C H T H £ GlCfl V A D U L I C H V 1 | T N A M
Theo Bp Y te Viet Nam, tinh dot 6h ngdy 25/5/2020, thd gidi da cd5.497.65b ngffdi macCovid-19;346.675ngffdi tuf vong; cd 215 qudc gia, vung lanh tho (trong dd cd 2 tdu du lich) ghi nhdn ca mdc Covid-19. Tai khu vyc ASEAN, ta't cd cdc qud'c gia trong khu vyc d^u ed ngffdi
50
63,8% so vdi thdng 02/2020 vd giam sdu 68,1% so vdi ciing ky ndm 2019. Rd rdng, dai dich da tdc ddng tidu eye dd'n Iffdng khdch du lich qudc te de'n Viet Nam.
vi phdn loai khdch qud'c te din theo phuang tien vqn chuyen, thi so Iffdng khdch qudc td' ddn Viet Nam thdng 3/2020 so vdi thdng 01/2020 bang dffdng bp giam nhieu nhd't vdi 78,52%, tie'p theo Id dydng hdng khdng (gidm 72,67%) vd dydn^ bien (giam 71,52%).
Ve lugng khdch qudc td phdn theo thi trudng, thi phIn Idn ede thi trffdng trong quy 1/2020 ddu giam so vdi cung ky nam 2019. Trong dd, sut giam nhieu rjia't la thi trffdng khdch chdu A (gidm 21,1%).
Nguyen nhdn dffdc cho Id cdc thi trffdng khdch Trung Qud'c, Hdn Qud'e vd Nhdt Bdn nhffng nam trffdc thffdng din dIu Iffdng khdch dd'n Viet Nam, thi ddn d^u ndm 2020, nhffng qudc gia nay lai chiu dnh hffdng sdm vd nang ne bdi dai dich Covid-19. Chi cd thi trffdng chdu Phi Id tdng 2%, do day la thj trffdng it bi dnh hffdng nha't bdi dai dieh (xd'p cud'i thd' gidi ve sd' ca nhiem) vd cung thffdng la thi trffdng chid'm ty trpng nhd nha't trong Iffdng khdch qudc tddd'n Viet Nam.
B^ vM doanh thu ttihoqt dgng du lich Khdo sdt eiia Hdi dong Tff van du lich (TAB), Ban Nghien culi phat trien kinh te tff nhan (Ban IV) ve tinh hinh hoat ddng cua ede doanh nghidp du lich. Iff hdnh do tde ddng tidu cffc cua dieh Covid-19 t^i Viet Nam dffdc thffc hidn tff ngay 13- 17/04/2020 vdi 394 doanh nghidp, trong dd, 92% la doanh nghidp nho va vffa da chi ra thyc trang khd khan eua nganh du lich.
Trong sd cde phan hdi nhan dffdc, cd 71% doanh nghidp cho bidt, doanh thu qu^ 1/2020 gidm hdn 30% so vdi ciing ky ndm 2019; ed 77% doanh nghiep dff kien doanh thu quj 2 se giam hdn 80% so vdi cDng ky ndm 2019; ed 65% dai dien cdc khdch san trd ldi doanh thu quy i/2020 chia dat dffdc 30% so vdi cung ky nam 2019; ed khoang 1/3 dai didn edc khdch san dffdc hoi cho bie't gid phdng binh quan trong quy 1/2020 bang 30%-50% cua ndm 2019; khodng 1/3 sd doanh nghiep khdc cd gid phdng binh qudn d mffc 70%-100%.
Ddi vdi ngUdi lao dgng ngdnh du l\ch Kd't qud khdo sat v^ tinh hinh boat dpng ciia cdc doanh nghidp du lich.
Iff hanh do tde dpng tieu eye cua dich Covid-19 tai Vidt Nam ndi tren cung cho thay: 18% doanh nghiep du lich dd cho ngW vipc todn bp nhdn vien vd 48%
BANG 1:
Chi tigu T^ng so J
KHACH QGOC TE DEN VIET NAM 3 THANG DAU NAM 2020 lAktfnh
th^ng 1/2020 (lif^ khach) 1.710.168
l/dc tinh thing 2/2020 (lifcn khach) i.242,731
iTflc tinh thang 3/2020 (liftn khich) 449.923
Udc tinh quy 1/2020 (liftft khdch)
3.686.779 Qa^ 1/2020 so vSi cikng 81.9 PhSn theo phifdng ti^n
l.DuSnakhone 2. Diranp bien 3. Difdng b6
1.372.377 31.684 306 107
994.879 54.993 192.859
375 137 9,024 65 762
2,991 585 144,109 551,085
85.1 192,1 60.6 Phdn theo thi tnlcTne
l.Chau A 2. Chau My 3. Chau Au 4. Chau CTC 5 Chau Phi
1.407,537 81.959 182,902 32.721 5.049
887.482 81.476 242.897 26.997 3.879
243.028 27.210 146,645 15.455 2.065
2.674,367 234.050 648 731 102.181 11.930
78,9 79,8 94,7 85,6 102,0 Nguon Tdng cuc Thonq ke
doanh nghidp da cho nghi vide vdi ty Id tff 50%-80%
lao dpng. Ddng thdi, 75% cdng ty du lich thyc hidn edc hinh thffc hd trd tai ehinh dd'i vdi ngffdi lao ddng bi mat vide. Nhieu lao dpng trong ngdnh, nhff: hffdng din vidn du lich, nhdn vien khdch san, nhan vien nha hdng... phai chuyen sang lam nhffng cdng viec khdc trong luc chd nganh du lich hdi phuc, nhff: ldm banh bdn online, bdn hoa qud, banh my, nhan vien van chuyen dd, trong rau..
(Trdn Kim Anh, 2020; Vidn Thdng, 2020).
N H Q N G D I E M S A N G VUCTT Q U A KHO KHAN DOANH HU'CfNGCUACOVlb-19
Mac dil hidn tai tinh hinh dich Covid-19 tren the' gidi van edn dien bie'n phffc tap vd cd nguy cd bung phat trd lai vdo mua he nay (Chi Le, 2020), tuy nhidn, vdn ed nhffng cd sd kinh doanh du lich tim tha'y nhffng hffdng di phu hdp va dang tffng bffdc vffdt qua khd khdn trffdc dnh hffdng cua dai dieh.
Theo thdng kd eua Tong cue Du lich Viet Nam, de'n ngdy 22/03/2020, cd nffdc da ed 145 khdch san tren cd nffifc dang ky ldm ndi each ly phong djch Covid-19.
Nhffng khach san dffdc huy dpng ldm ndi each ly cd cha't Iffdng tff 2 den 5 sao tap trung chu yeu d TP. H 6 Chi Minh, Ha Npi, Da Ndng, Quang Ninh, Dong Nai... NhOhg khdch san nay se khdng dddc phuc vu vdi mue dich khac vd phai ddm bao cdc dieu kien sinh hoat diid't ydu nhff dien, nffdc, ve sinh, nha tam, thdng diodng, an toan, thuan tien cho viec di lai (Viet Tudn, 2020). Vide nay vffa giup dd't nffdc gidi quye't chd cdch ly, vffa giup mot so ngffdi each Iy dypc lu^ chpn ndi cd dieu kien td't hdn, dong thdi mang lai diu nhap cho khdch san trong thdi ky dich benh.
Vdi viec thyc hien each ly xa hdi trong thdng 04/2020, nhidu nhd hdng. qudn cafe ciing phdi chuyen ddi hinh thffc kinh doanh de diich ftig. Chudi nha hang Vua Cua tai TP. Hd Chi Minh da bdn them bdnh bao. Hay cdng ty du lich iVIVU md djch vu cdm phan. Nhd bdn le Coffee Bike cung ca'p them mdng phan phd'i nguyen lieu cd phd,., Nhieu nhd hang cung chuyen hffdng kinh doanh online hoac phdt edm tff thien (Vidn Thdng, 2020).
Mac dii nhffng hlnh thffe chu> dn ddi kmh doanh cua cde doanh nghidp trdn khdng mang lai ldi nhudn nhieu
Economy and Foreea.iit Review
51
nhff trffdc, nhffng la nhffng cdch thiJc phu hdp dd doanh nghiep vffdt qua dai dieh.
MOT SO GIAI PHAP
Chi thi sd 19/CT-TTg, ngdy 24/04/2020 ciia Thu tffdng Chinh phu ve tie'p tuc thyc hien cdc bidn phdp phdng, chdng dich Covid-19 trong tinh hinh mdi da nhan manh den vide thuc day phat tridn thi trffdng npi dia, thyc hidn cdc bidn phdp kich cau, day manh tieu diing vd tffng bffdc md lai du lich ndi dia... Ngay sau dd, ngdy 29/04/2020, Tong cue Du lich cung ban hanh Quydt dinh sd 473/QD-TCDL hydng din cac bidn phdp phong chd'ng dich Covid-19, bao dam an toan tai edc doanh nghiep Iff hanh, khu, didm, ed sd lffu tru du lich va kinh doanh dich vu du lich. Tiep dd, ngdy 08/05/2020, Bo Van hda, Thd thao va Du lieh da ban hdnh Kd hoach sd 1749/KH-BVHTTDL phdt dong Chffdng trinh "Ngffdi Vidt Nam di du lich Viet Nam".
Trong bdi cdnh dieh Covid-19 vSn dang didn bien phffc tap trdn thd' gidi, ben canh nhffng khd khan, v§n cdn cd nhiiu ed hdi cho ngdnh du lich Vidt Nam, khi Vidt Nam dffdc coi la didm sdng trong cdng tde phdng chdng dich Covid-19. Vi vay, theo nhdm tac gia, trong thdi gian tdi, ngdnh du lich can lffu y mdt sd va'n d l dd cd thd phuc hdi sau dai dich Covid-19, cu the: _
Thd nhdt, trong liie dai dich vdn dang didn bie'n phffc tap va chffa bie't khi ndo kd't thuc trdn todn cau, bdn canh viec tdi cd cd'u nhan sy, doanh nghiep du lich can quan tdm tdi vide thuc day cdng nghe sd. Trong thdi gian qua, viec ffng dung edng nghd sd trong edc ITnh vyc gido due, y td', ban hang, giao thdng van tai...
da phdt trien nhanh chdng va du lich cung khdng the dffng ngodi quy ludt didi dai 4.0 nay.
Thd hai, can kidm sodt tot finh hinh dich bdnh trong nffdc va va'n de nhap cdnh dd dam bao Vidt Nam Id did'm sdng trdn thd gidi ve an toan phdng chdng djch bdnh. Qua dd tao dffde sy an tdm cho du khdch vd khuydn khich du Ijch npi dia cQng nhff du lich qudc te tang tnfdng.
Thd ba, ngdnh du lich cdn tap trung phdt trien du lich ndi dia. Chinh phu, cac doanh nghidp du lich vd dia phffdng can thyc hidn eac chffdng trinh kich clu du lich "Ngffdi Vidt Nam di du lich Viet Nam" dd khdi phuc thi trffdng du lich trong nffdc thdng qua vide Chinh phii tdng cffdng ede dffdng bay trong nffdc, doanh nghidp gidm gid tour vd cdc dia phffdng giam phi tham quan. Ddng thdi, ngdnh du lich can d^y manh truyen thdng, xiic tie'n, tridn khai cd hieu qud Chffdng trinh
"Du lich Viet Nam an todn".
ThiitU, de vffdt qua khd khdn do dnh hffdng ciia dai dieh Covid-19, cdc cd quan quan ly nhd nffdc can tid'p tuc thyc hidn cd hidu qud cdc bidn phdp trd giiip trong vide gidm thud', phi kinh doanh, cung nhff ca'p gdi ho trd cho nhffng lao dpng ngdnh du lich nghi vide, gidm lai suat cho vay hodc gian nd xau nham h6 trd doanh nghidp trong luc khd khdn.U
TAT T.IF.II THAM KHAO
1. Tdng cue Thdng kd (2020). Tinh hinh phdt trien kinh te- xd hgi quy 1/2020
2. Hdi ddng Tff van Du lich (TAB), Ban Nghidn effu phdt tridn kinh td tff nhan (Ban IV) (2020).
Ket qud khdo sdt cdc doanh nghiep du lich vi nhitng khd khdn, thdch thdc cda dai dich Covid-19 3. An An (2020). 96% diem den trin the gidi ddng cda vi nCoV, truy cap tff https://vnexpress.
net/96-diem-den-tren-the-gioi-dong-cua-vi-neov-4089306.htmI
4. Chi Ld (2020). Du bdo Covid-19 bdng phdt vdo mUa he, truy cap tff https://vnexpress.net/du- bao-covid-19-bung-phat-vao-mua-he-4102187.html
5. Duy Quang (2020). Dich Covid-19: Hdng khong the gidi "trgng thuang", truy cap tff https://
baoquoete.vn/dich-covid-I9-hang-khong-the-gioi-trong-thuong-112309.html
6. Tr^n Kim Anh (2020). Hoi dc hudng ddn vien du Uch miia dich Covid-19: Trdng tay di bdn bdnh mi, trdng rau, truy cdp tff https://thanhnien.vn/du-lich/hoi-ue-huong-dan-vien-du-lieh-mua- dich-covid-19-trang-tay-di-ban-banh-mi-trong-rau-1198929.html
7. Vidn Thdng (2020). Sdng qua miia dich nhd "nghi tay trdi", truy cap tff https://vnexpress.net/
son g-qua-mua-dieh-nho-nghe-tay- trai-4080943 .html
8. Vid't Tuan (2020). 145 khdch san ddng ky ldm nOi cdch ly, truy cap tff https://vnexpress.
net/145-khach-san-dang-ky-lam-noi-cach-ly-4073105.html
9. Hai Yen (2020). Bdn tin dich COVID-19 trong 24h qua: Cdng ddn Viet Nam nhdp cdnh ve nudc phdi dugc cdch ly, xet nghiem vd theo doi sdc khoe, truy cdp tff https://suckhoedoisong.vn/ban- tin-dich-covid-19-trong-24h-qua-n 174528.html
10 UNWTO (2020a). International Tourism and covid-19
11. UNWTO (2020b). World Tourism Barometer May 2020 Special focus on the Impact of COVID-19 (Summarv)
