KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
H I | U Q U A KIIVH TE CAC LOAI SLT DLJIMG D A T V A GIAI P H A P SIJ D1JI\IG D A T DEIM VDlMG CLJA THAIMH P H O H A IMOI
Nguyfen T\^ Kun Anh', D6 Thj Hudng'
T6MTAT
Dit dai la mot trong ba ngudn lire co ban cua hoal dong kinh le, la tu lieu san xual chti yeu va dac biet trong san xuat nong nghifip. Hieu qua kinh te cac he thdng cay trong nam 2017 tren cac loai hinh sii dung dat lua.
Ilia mau. chuyen mau, cay an qua va hoa cua thanh pho Ha Noi cho thay co 107 cong thuc luan canh trfin 6 loai dat, deu co cac chi tifiu GO. C, Pr, gia tri ngay cong, hieu suat dong vdn o cap rat cao (>2.5 lin), cao (tu 2,0 - 2,5 lin), trung binh (tir 1,5-2,0 lan). thap (tir 1,0 -1,5 lan) va rit t h ^ (<1.0 lan), binh quan dat tu 107,94 - 155.96 tri^u dong/ha. Hieu qua kinh te chuyen doi co cau cay trong Iren da( trdng lua sang trong cac loai hinh chuyfin canh khac birdc dau cho hifiu qua kinh te cao nhu trong rau an loan dat gia trj 500 tnfiu dong/ha/nam. hoa - cay canh dat 350 trieu ddng/ha, che an toan dat 240 tnfiu d6ng/ha... Day la Uen de dfi nganh nfing nghifip cua Thu do phat trifin manh nong nghifip ven do ihj uong bdi canh each mgng cong nghlfip 4 0 gdn voi qua trinh tai co cau nganh theo huong nang cao gia tn gia tang va phat tnfin ben vung.
Tli khda: Hieu qua kinh tedat nong ngbiep, hidu qua kinb te dat trong lua, dat lua.
I.eATVANOE
Thanh pho Ha Ndi dupc giir on dinh 92.120 ha dit Ida theo Nghi quyfit 65/2018/NQ-CP ngay 25/5/2018 cua Chinh phu va Quyet dinh sd 3467/QD ngay 24/7/2015 cua UBND tiianh pho Hi Npi. Muc tifiu li ning cao hifiu qua sii dung dit, duy tri quy dit trdng Iua, xac dinh giai doan 2016-2020 chuyen ddi khoang 14.500 ha difin tich gieo ti'ong Ida sang cay trong khac va ket hop nuoi trdng thuy san. Qui tiinh san xuat thuc lfi cho thay, cic loai hinh sii dung dit ndng nghiep chinh ciia thinh phd chu yfiu gom: (i) loai su dung dat 02 vu Ida dat hifiu qua kinh tfi cao nhit ti-fin nhdm dil phu sa, thap nhit trfin nhdm dat ddc tu va dat cd tang set loang 16; (ii) loai su dung dit Ilia - mau deu cd cic chi tifiu GO, C, Pr, gii tii ngay cdng va hifiu suit ddng vdn dat d muc trung binh dfin rat cao; (in) loai sir dung dat chuyfin mau, sir dung dat trfin nhdm dit phii sa cho hifiu qua kinh tfi cao hon ti-fin cic nhdm dit khac; (iv) loai sir dung dit cay an qua. ciy lam nghifip duoc trong tai noi co dia hinh cao vdi gli tri kmh le cao hon cac nhdm cay ti-dng khac. Theo bao cao long kel cua Sd' Ndng nghifip va PTNT TP. Ha Noi nam 2018, gii ti-i san xuit ndng nghiep thuc te ti-fin 1 ha dit ndng nghiep dat 280 trifiu dong/ha. Thanh phd da phal Inen manh nhifiu viing san xuit ndng nghifip chuyfin canh tap tiomg nhu cac viing sin xuat Ida hang hda chil luong cao (154 canh ddng miu ldn) 6 hiu hfit cac huyfin cd quy
' Vy Phap che. Bd Nong nghiep va PTNT
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON
hoach san xuat lua, cho gia tii tiiu nhap tang tiifim so voi sin xuat lua truyfin Lhdng khoang 25-30%; viing san xuat rau an toan (5.044 ha, 101 vimg san xuat rau an toan tap trung quy md 20 ha ti-d lfin...) dat gia tri san xuat tir 400-500 trifiu ddng/ha/nam; vung trdng hoa, cay canh 7.200 ha (cd khoang 150,8 ha budc diu img dung CNC b mpt sd khau), da hinh thanh dupc 50 vimg san xuit tap trung vdi quy md tir 20 ha/viing trd Ifin, dat gia tn san xuat tnmg binh tir 300 - 350 tnfiu ddng/ha, cd noi tir 0,5-1,5 ty/ha/nam (110 ha ling dung CNC); vung trdng cay an qua (1.127 ha img dung CNC, xay dung duoc 12 nhan hifiu lap tii^) ff mpt s6 xa thupc cac huyfin: Dan Phuong, Hoii Due, Thanh Oai, Chuong My... dat gia tri tir 0,5-1 ty/ha/nam; viing trong chfi 2.800 ha ap dung quy trinh VietGAP (356 ha img dung CNC) dat 120 - 240 trifiu ddng/ha, hinh thanh 4 chudi hen ket sin xuat chfi VietGAP, xay dung 01 nhan hifiu tap the che Long Phu.
Mac du da dat dupc nhimg ket qua tich cue nfiu trfin, tijy nhifin thuc tifin cho thiy hifiu qua kinh t^
chuyen ddi co cau cay trdng trfin dit nong nghifip, nhii la dil trong Iua vin cdn nhieu du dia; ke hoach trien khai tich tu dit dai, ddn dien doi thua xay dung vimg san xuit tap trung quy md ldn ciia thanh phd chua thu hut duoc cac doanh nghiep ung dung CNC vao san xuat, vin thieu bfin vung, cdn gap nhifiu vifdng mic vfi phap ly tir Luat Dat dai 2013 den cac van ban ve chinh sach, td chiic, the che chua phu hpp vdi thuc tifin ndng nghifip dd thi, ven do hifin nay. Can cd nhung phan tich, danh gia cu tiifi vfi hifiu
- K Y I - T H A N G 11/2019 145
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
qua kinh tfi trfin cac he thdng sii dung dit ndng nghlfip. dat trong lua lam tien de cho qua trinh tai co ciu nganh ndng nghifip, su dung dat ndng nghiep hifiu qua, bfin viing cua Thii do den nam 2030.
2. PHUDNG PHAP NGinit CUU 2.L Ngudn s d h ^
2.11. Ngudn sd heu thu cdp (da cdng bd) Thu thap cac sd lieu thii cip lifin quan den npi dung nghifin ciiu gdm; difiu kifin khi hau, dit dai, difiu kien kinh tfi - xa hpi. So lifiu dupc thu thap tai Cue Thdng kfi thinh phd Ha Ndi, Sd Tai nguyen va Moi tiirdng. So Ndng nghiep va PTNT, liRND thinh pho Ha Npi, UBND cac huyfin, thi xa, UBND cac xa, thi trin ciia thanh phd va cac co quan cd hfin quan trfin dia ban.
2.1.2. Ngudn sdheu sacap (sdheu mdi) Thu thap, difiu tra bd sung cac lai hfiu, sd lifiu nhu bao cio dinh hudng phat tnen kinh te. xa hpi;
ndng nghiep, nong thdn: nifin giam thong kfi va cac so lifiu dieu tra, khio sat. Cach chpn miu dieu tra, khao sit, chpn diem nghifin ciiu: xay dung phieu thu lap thdng tin, lua chpn 3 bfiu vimg sinh thai: vimg gd doi trdng cay an qua, gia sue tap trung (3 huyfin), vimg dong bang san xuat cay hing nam. chan nudi (11 huyfin) va viing dit bai ven sdng trdng rau, dau thuc pham, chan nudi (4 huyfin). Giii phieu difiu tra tham vin tai Phong Ndng nghifip va PTNT, So Ndng nghifip vi FPNT; phong van bing phuong phap PRA cac md hinh ddn dien ddi thua san xuat nong nghifip tifiu bieu (70 phieu hop tac xa, hd dan), tham vin cic chuyfin gia (10); id chuc hpi thio chuyfin de khoa hoc.
2.2. Phuong phip phSn tich, xu Iy sd li^u Cac phuong phap sii dung trong nghifin cuu: (i) Phuong phap thdng kfi: difiu tra, thu thap cac sd hfiu.
Bang 1. Phin c ^ miic dp danh gia
kfi thua cac cdng trinh, tai hfiu da co lifin quan den
\'an dfi nghifin cuu; (ii) Phmmi: phap difiu ti-a thuc dia, kfit hop phdng van tim- Q^, ap dyng phuong phap difiu C-a nhanh ndng thdn (PRA) nhim xac dmh hifiu qua kinh tfi cua cac lo<ii hinh san xual lua; (iii) Phuong phap chuyfin gia: hdi tiiao l:iy y kifin cua chuyfin gia nham dmh huang quy hoach phat trien san xuat Iua; (iv) Phuong phap xir Iy so lifiu 6.k tinh loan hifiu qui va chpn Ii;a phuong an phat trien, xii ly phifiu di^u tra bang phan mem SI'SS.
Danh gia hifiu qua kinh tfi (HQKT): vific danh gia HQKT cac loai cay trong chinh duoc tiiuc hifin dua vio cac sd Ufiu tiiu tiiap vi kfit qua di^u ti-a ve kinh te xa hdi va tinh hinh san xual ndng nghifip cua hp ndng dan vdi cac chi tifiu lua chpn d^ danh gia chu yeu sau: (i) Nang suit binh quan (NS). La muc nang suit thu dupc trong qua trinh dieu tra ddi vdi timg loai cay trdng cu the; (ii) Gia tri sin xuit (GO):
La loin bp sin pham thu dupc quy ra tien theo gia thl trudng trfin 1 ha dat canh tac. (iii) Tdng chi (C - Consumtion); La toan bd chi phi vat chit thirong xuyfin va dich vu quy ra theo gia thi trudng; (iv) Lpi nhuan (Pr • Conprate profit): Iii phan gia tx\ tang thfim cua ngudi lao dpng khi sin xuit tren mpt don vi difin tich cho mdt cdng tliuL- luan canh (Pr = GO - C); (v) Gli tn ngay cdng (H): La phan thu nhap thuin tuy ciia ngudi san xuat trong mgt ngay lao ddng khi sin xuit trfin mot don vi difin tich cho mdt cdng thiic luan canh; (vi) Hifiu suit dong vdn (R):
Li ty suit giua tong thu va chi phi vat chit trfin mpt don vi difin tich cho mdt cdng thiic luan canh. Doi vdi cac cay trdng lau nam. hifiu qua kinh te duoc tinh vao thoi ky kinh doanh on dinh trong vdng mot nam.
3. KFT QUA NGHDI CUU VA THAO LUAN
hifiu qua kinh t^ c ^ lo^i su dung dit 1 Mirc 1
1 Riit cao : 2. Cao
3 TiTiiii: bmh 4 Tliap fl Rai lllai)
Kv hieu RC
C TB
T RT
GO
>200 150 - 200 100 -150 50-100
^ 50
c
>100 50-100
35-50 20-35
<20 Pr
>100 50-100 80-100 35-60
<35 H
>150 100-150
80-100 50-80
<50
Hieu suat donE ^tmlhmA
>2,5 1 2.0-2,5 "' 1.5-2.0 1.0-1.5 ^^
I M . ^
.Xgudn: Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi tiirdng TP. Ha .\di. 2014: H: gia tii ngay cdng: Pr loi nhuan: C: tdng chi- GO: gia tri san .xuiit
Ket qua dieu tra xay dung ban do dat thanh pho dieu tra bd sung, chinh ly va xay dung ban do dat can Ha Niii ty le 1/50.000 dua tren CO so "Chuong trinh tinh toan qudc" cua B6 Norn; nghltp va P T \ | „ j ^ 146 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 1 I / J Q , ,
KHOA HOC CONO N O H t
2004 da xac dinh Ha Noi Co 7 nhdm, 21 don vi phan hinh sii dung dat dupc phan thanh 5 cip. gdm: Rat loji dSt. Danh gia hieu qua kmh te cac loai sur dung cao. cao, trung binh va thap va rat thap.
dSt nia TP. Ha Ndi diipc phan cap. danh gia cac loai 3 1 H i ^ , ^ ^ i h , « e4c hi thdng c4y tr4ng trtn c ^ l o ^ d ^
Bing 2. Hi§u qua kinh t^ ciia hfi thdng cay ti^ng Iua - lua miu trtn cic Io?i dit tiiinh phd H i Ndi
HIT I lAia
Ltia Mau
II Liia
Liia mau
in Ltia
Ltia Mau
IV Lua mau
Cdng thtic luan canh Dit xim
1. Lua xuan - Liia miia
2. Liia xuan - ltia miia - rau dau ddng 3. Liia xuan - Ilia miia - ngd ddng 4. Ltia xuan - liia miia - dau tuong ddng 5. Liia xuan - Ilia miia - khoai tav ddng 6. Liia xuan - liia miia - khoai lang ddng 7. Liia xuan - Ilia miia • lac thu ddng 8. Dira chudt xuan - liia miia - ca chua ddng 9. Bap cai xuan - liia miia - khoai lang ddng 10. Rau can xuan - Iua miia - bap cai ddng 11. Ca chua xuan - Iiia miia - dau tuong ddng 12. Lac xuan • ltia miia - ca chua ddng 13. Rau cai xuan - lua miia - rau cai ddng D^t phli sa
1. Liia xuan - liia miia
2. Liia xuan - lua miia - rau dau ddng 3. Liia xuan - liia miia - ngd ddng 4. Liia xuan - Iiia miia - dau tuong ddng 5. Liia xuan - liia miia - rau dau ddng 6. Liia xuan - lua miia - bap cai ddng 7. Liia xuan - liia miia - khoai tay dong 8. Liia xuan - Ilia miia - khoai lang ddng 9. Liia xuan - Iiia miia - lac thu ddng 10. Dua chudt xuan - liia miia - ca chua ddng 11. Bap cai xuan - liia miia - khoai lang ddng 12. Rau can xuan - Ilia miia - bap cai ddng 13. Ca chua xuan - liia mua - dau tuong dong 14. Lac xuan - Ilia miia - ca chua ddng 15. Rau cai xuan - Ilia miia - rau cai ddng Dft ddc h^ cd t ^ s^t loang Id 1. Liia xuan - liia miia
2. Liia xuan • liia miia - rau dau ddng 3. Liia xuan - Ilia miia - ngd ddng 4. Liia xuan - liia miia - dau tuong ddng 5. Liia xuan - Iiia miia - su hao ddng 6. Liia xuan - liia miia - bap cai ddng 7. Lua xuan - Ilia miia - khoai tay ddng 8. Lua xuan - Ilia miia - khoai lang ddng 9. Liia xuan - liia miia - lac thu ddng 10. Lac xuan - Iiia miia - ca chua ddng 11. Rau cai xuan - Ilia miia - rau cai ddng Dit Giay
1 Liia xuan - liia miia 2. Lua xuan - Ilia miia - ngd ddng 3 Lua xuan - lua miia - dau tuong ddng
GO
95.34 155.46 150.34 148.45 172.58 170.56 152.87 210.56 188.68 210.45 179.45 177.86 180.11 96.90 157.02 151.90 150,01 163,93 167,02 174.14 172.12 154.98 212.67 190.79 212.56 181.56 179.97 182.22 90.44 147.78 157.26 145.43 157.85 160.72 178.94 175.67 152.56 189.93 179.64 95.52 145.82 140.67
C j Pr
42,19 53.15 64.33 62.17 57.45 66.59 63.41 60.11 75.34 69.56 78.96 70.52 67.82 73.69 42.93 65.07 62.91 58.19 66.52 66.22 67.33 64.15 60,85 76,08 70.30 79,70 71.26 68.56 74,43 39,56 66,90 66,96 59,64 66,33 67.77 72,45 70,11 59.92 77,95 66,93 41,56 62,29 63,99
91.13 88,17 91,00 105,99 107,15 92,76 135,22 119,12 131,49 108,93 110,04 106,42 53,97 91,95 88,99 91,82 97,41 100,80 106,81 107_,97 94.13 136.59 120.49 132.86 110.30 111.41 107.79 50,88 80.88 90,30 85,79 91.52 92.95 106,49 105,56 92,64 111,98 112,71 53,96 83,53 76,68
BVT: Tneu ddne/ha Cdng lao
ddng (cdng)
508 789 810 780 840 800 784 910 900 880 8.50 900 894 500 740 784 770 800 800 841 812 790 900 850 850 900 880 826 510 759 800 784 800 795 812 789 770 870 800 500 730 721
H
104.63 115.50 108.85 116,67 126.18 133.94 118.32 148.59 132,36 149,42 128,15 122,27 119,04 107,94 124,26 113,51 119,25 121,76 126,00 127,00 132,97 119,15 151,77 141,75 156,31 122,56 126.60 130..50 99.76 106.56 112.88 109.43 114.40 116,92 131,15 133.79 120.31 128.71 140,89 107.92 114.42 106.35
Hieu suat ddng vdn (Lan)
2.26 2.42 2.42 2.58 2.59 2.69 2.54 2.79 2.71 2.67 2.54 2.62 2.44 2.26 2,41 2.41 2.58 2.46 2,52 2..59 2.68 2.55 2.80 2,71 2,67 2.55 2.63 2.45 2,29 2,21 2,35 2,44 2,38 2.37 2.47 2.51 2..55 2,44 2.68 2.30 2,34 2.20
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019
KHOA HOC C 6 N 6 N O H t
Bang 3. H i ^ qua kinh ti dis h$ thdng c4y trdng chuyta miu trtn dck^iit thanh phd Hi Ndi PIT- Tneu ddng/ha_
Cdng thiic luan canh Dat xam
j Cdng Pr I lao I H
I ddng I ' ( c d n g ) ^ _ ^ _
Hieu suat ddng vdn (Lan)
1. Dua chudt xuan - rau cai he - bap cai ddng 175.64 68.8i 106.75 I ^ 8 5 2 ^ J 2 5 J f f l 2. Rau cai xuan - bi xanh he - khoai tay ddng 110.79 ! 900 1 123.10
2.55 2,40 3. Khoai lang xuan - dau tuong he - bap cai ddng 70.34 106.35 1 830 1 128.13 4. Lac xuan- khoai lang he - ngd ddng 168,92 97.()3 I 814 Chuyen
mau
5. Bi xanh xuan - ca chua he - dua chudt ddng 87.42 123.03 I 936 6. Dau tuong xuan - su hao he thu - rau cai ddng 61.29
7. Bi xanh xuan - ca chua he - su hao ddng 71.79 8. Bi dd xuan - lac he • rau cai dong
9. Rau mudng 10. Sdn
70.22 96.47 26.86
32.89
119.94 129.66 126.03 119.99 1.59.85 109.63 Dit phu sa
1. Dua chudt xuan - rau cai he - bap cai ddng 69.63 127.35 2 Rau cai xuan - bi xanh he - khoai tay ddng
3. Khoai lang xuan - dau tuong he - bap cai ddng 71.08 130,25 4. Lac xuan- khoai lang he - ngd ddng 72.03
5. Bf xanh xuan - ca chua - dua chudt ddng
6. Dau tuong xuan - su hao he thu - rau cai ddng 62.03 131.87 Chuydn
mau
7. Bi xanh xuan - ca chua he - su hao ddng 8. Bi dd xuan - lac he - rau cai ddng
J78.27^
164.91 71.82 9. Lac xuan - siip lo he - bap cai ddng
10. Rau cai xuan - khoai so he - ngd dong 11. Ca chua xuan - lac he - bap cai ddng 12. Khoai so he
13. Rau mudng 14. Rau cai I t . IVdU Cdl
Dit ddc tu cd ting sdt loang 16
28.05
1. Lac xuan- khoai lang he - ngd ddng 2. Bi xanh xuan - ca chua he - dua chudt ddng
i I 820 I 11(;,4£
Chuyen mau
3. Dau tuong xuan - su hao he thu - rau cai ddng 4 Bi dd xuan - lac he - rau cai ddng
5. Lac xuan - suplg he - bap cai ddng
6. Rau cai xuan - khoai so he - ngd ddng 159.63 7. ca chua xuan - lac he - bap cai ddng
118.K) I 860 ' Vxm_
795jJ21j79 96.82
102.99 764
128.62 132,04 135,73 155,96 Dit cAt ven sdng
1. Chuyen ngd 120.81
Chuyen man
2. Chuyen bi dd 320 124.41
3. Chuyen rau cai
4. Ngd xuan - rau cai ddng 530
112.97 113.13 Qua ket qua dieu tra thuc dia ciing vdi viec tdng cay
hop cac ngudn tai lieu, da tdng ket duoc hien trang Ha
trdng trong san xuat ndng nghiep d thanh"^!^
Ndi bao gdm cac nhdm cay trdng chinh' i\
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Nhom cay luong tiiuc: U a . ngd. sin. khoai lang. (u)
Nhom cay rau mau: Khoai tay, ca chua, cai bip, rau cii, suplff, rau dau cac loai. bi xanh. bi do. dua chupt.
rau mudng,...(iii) Nhdm cay cong nghifip ngin ngay:
L?c, dau hrong va thudc la; (iv) Nhom cay an qua:
Cam, nhan, hong, xoai, tao. budi, 61. chudi; (v) Nhdm cay Iam nghifip: Bach dan, keo. Kel qua dieu tra kinh tfi nong hp va tdng hpp, xii ly sd lieu phifiu difiu tra cho thay cac loai su dung dit cua thanh phd Ha Npi tirong ddi da dang, trfin cac loai dil khac nhau thi cho hifiu qua kinh te khac nhau.
• Loai sir dung da't 2 vu lua: loai sii dung dat 2 vu lua dat hifiu qua kinh te cao nhit tren Nhdm dit phu sa, thap nhit trfin nhom dat ddc lu va dat cd tang set loang Id.
- Loai su tiung dat Ida - mau: ket qui danh gm ve HQKT cho thay (1) trfin nhdm dat xam cd 13 cdng Ihiic luan canh, GO binh quan tii 155,46 - 210,56 tnfiu ddng/ha; (2) ti-fin nhom dat phii sa cd 15 cdng thiic luan canh, GO binh quan lir 151,90 - 212,56 trifiu ddng/ha; (3) ti-fin nhdm dit ddc tii cd lang set loang 16 cd U cong thtic luan canh, GO binh quan tir 90,44 - 189,93 trifiu ddng/ha. Nhin chung, loai sir dung 2 vu Iua - 1 vu mau cd hifiu qua kinh te dat 0 muc cao, thay ddi liiy thudc vao cac cdng thiic luan canh cay ti-dng ip dung. HQKT dat cao nhit d cac cdng thiic 2 Iua - rau vu ddng (ci chua, dua chupt, khoai tay. rau xanh,...), dai trfin dudi 150 trifiu ddng/ha va thudng cao gip 1,5 - 2 lan so vdi cac cdng thiic khac trong nhdm.
Bing 4. Hifiu qui kinh t^ cua h^ thdng cSy trdng Sn qua va hoa trfin cAc loai dit thinh phd H i NOi DVT: Trieu ddng/ha
• Loai su dung dat chuyen mau: kfit qua danh gia ve HQKT cho thay (1) trfin nhdm dat xam co 10 cdng thuc luan canh, GO binh quan tir 175.W - 210,4ri tnfiu ddng/ha; (2) trfin nhdm dat phu sa cd 1-1 cdng thuc luan canh. GO binh quan tu 157,95 - 212.56 tnfiu ddng/ha; (3) trfin nhdm dat ddc tu co tang set loang 16 CO 7 cdng thiic luan canh, GO binh quan tir 154,48 - 196.67 trifiu ddng/ha. Nhin chung, cac loai sir dung dil chuyfin mau, cay cdng nghifip ngan ngiy, cdng thuc bi xanh xuan - ca chua hfi - dua chuot ddng cho HQKT kha cao va dang phat tnen manh a cac huyfin ngoai thanh Ha .\6i. cic logi su dung dit trfin nhdm dit phu sa cho hifiu qua kinh tfi cao hon trfin cac nhom dat khac.
- Loai sd dung da't cay d/7 qua, cay lam nghifp:
kfit qua danh gia vk HQKT cho thiy (1) trfin nhdm dit xim CO 9 cdng thuc luan canh, GO binh quan tir 70,48 - 102,36 tnfiu ddng/ha; (2) ti-fin nhdm dit phu sa cd 9 cdng thiic luan canh, GO binh quan hi 68,70 - 100,58 tneu dong/ha; (3) trfin nhdm dat vang dd, dat nau dd, dat tang mdng cd 7 cong tiiuc luan canh, GO binh quan tir 60,21 - 110,67 ti-ieu ddng/ha. Nhin chung, day la loai sii dung dit chu yfiu tren nhdm dat xam va nhdm dat vang dii, Nhdm cay an qui bao gdm: Xhan, vai, na,... vi nhdm cay lam nghifip chu yfiu la keo, bach din, dupc trdng tai noi cd dia hinh cao vdi gia tri kinh tfi cao hon cac nhdm cay trdng khac.
LUT I
Cay an qua vahoa
n
Cdng thuc luan canh Git xim
1. Budi 2. Cam 3. Xoai 4. Nhan 5. Tao 6. Hdng 7.6i 8 Chudi 9. Hoa cac loai Dit phii sa
GO
102.36 100.64 83.45 88.94 92.27 77.46 82.45 70.48 80.34
C
41.67 42.67 38.93 35.91 41.14 35.59 30.17 32.47 35.45
Pr
60.69 57.97 44.52 53.03 51.13 41.87 52.28 38.01 44.89
Cdng Iao ddng (cdng) 380 400 412 379 356 3.50 382 350 321
H
159,71 144,93 108.06 139.92 143.62 119.63 136.86 108.60 139.84
Hieu suit ddng vdn (Lin)
i 2.46 2.36 2.14 I 2.48 ! 2.24 1 2,18 ' 2.73 j 2.17 2.27 ]
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 11/2019
KHOA HOC CONG N G H t
Cay an qua v i h o a
in
Cay an qui vahoa
IV
cay an qua va cay hoa
l.Bucri 2. Cam 3. Xoai 4. Nhan 5. Tao 6. Hong 7 . 6 i 8. Chudi 9. Hoa cac loai
D i t ddc tu cd tang sdt loang Id 1. Budi
2. Cam 3. Xoai 4. Nhan S.Oi
D i t vang dd, d i t niu dd ting mdng 1. Nhan
2 . 0 i 3. Hoa cac loai 4. Chudi S.San 6. Che 7. Lam nghiep
100..5,>i 98.86 81.67 S7.16
«1.49 75.68 80.67 68.70 78.56
87.79 80.64 76.46 74.49 82.28
92.34 88,45 90,23 73,49 60,21 65.98 110.67
43.27 44.27 40.53 37.51 42.74 37.19 31.77 34,07 37.05
39.96 37.56 30.11 35.90 42.59
40.11 43.56 38,45 35,09 26,69 23,12 41,78
57.31 54,59 41,14 49,65 47,75 38.49 48.90 34.63 41.51
47,83 43.08 46,35 38,59 39,69
52,23 44,89 51,78 38,40 33,52 42,86 68,89
3.5(i 31X1 312 350 362 350
isi.vr 131,*
U l . . « 131.91 J 109.97 300 ' 163.00 320 108.22 289 143,63
345 327 350 311 340
340 300 310 341 300 280 430
138.64 131.74 132.43 124.08 116.74
153.62 149.63 167,03 112,61 111,73 153,07 160,21
3,23^
2,32_
2,12 2,03 2,54 2,02 2,12
1 2,20 2,15 2,54 2,07 1,93
2,30 2,03 2,35 2,09 2,26 2,85 2,65 3.2. Hifiu qui kmh t^ trfin cic loai dit
- Hifu qua kmh te tren nhdm dat xam: k e t q u a difiu t r a c h o t h i y cd 32 c d n g thiic luan c a n h c h i n h , b a o g d m 1 kieu sir d u n g dat loai sir d u n g dat c h u y e n Ilia, 12 kieu s u d u n g d a t c u a loai sir d u n g d i l Ida - m a u , 10 kifiu sir d u n g d i t c u a loai sir d u n g d a t chuyfin m i u va 9 kieu sir d u n g d i l c u a loai sii d u n g d i t c a y an q u i . T r o n g d d . c a c c d n g Ihiic luan c a n h dat hifiu q u a r i t c a o va c a o b a o g d m : (i) Lua x u a n - lua miia - k h o a i l a n g d d n g ; (ii) D u a c h u p t x u a n - liia miia - c a c h u a d o n g ; (iii) Rau c i n x u a n - lua m u a - b i p cai d d n g ; (iv) C h u y e n r a u m u d n g ; (v) Budi, tao. C a c c d n g thiic k h a c d a t hieu q u a a mirc t h i p h o n , tuy vay, h i u hfit c a c c d n g t h u c luan c a n h dfiu m a n g lai hifiu q u a kinh l e d m u c c a o , ngudi d a n c d t h e c h a p n h a n d u p c .
Hifu qua kinh tftifn nhdm dat phu sa: n h d m dat p h u sa co 3 8 c d n g thirc t r d n g trpt c h i n h . D a y la n h d m dat chifim ty lfi IOTI t r o n g c o c i u d i t c a n h t i e t r e n dia b a n c a c q u a n / h u y f i n / l h i x a c u a T P . Ha Ndi Hifiu q u i k m h tfi c u a c i c c d n g t h u c t r d n g trot trfin
150 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11 /2019 n h d m d i t p h u sa cd s u each bifit k h i rd ret so vdi cac n h d m d a t k h a c . Ddi vdi loai sti d u n g d i t chuyen liia, hifiu q u i kinh lfi dat d mirc c a o h o n s o voi cac nhom d i t k h a c . T h e o kfit q u a d a n h gia, c a c cdng thuc dat hifiu q u a kinh t e c a o va r i t c a o g d m : (i) Dua chupt x u a n - lua miia - c i c h u a d d n g ; (ii) Rau can xuan - lua miia - b i p cai d o n g ; (iii) Budi; c a m . di; (iv) Hoa cac loai. Cac c o n g t h u c c o n lai dfiu c h o hifiu qua kinh te 0 miic k h a cao.
Hieu qua kinh te tien nhdm dat giay: day la n h d m d i t d u p c h m h t h a n h a n h i m g viing dat thap.
t n i n g , n g a p nudfc q u a n h n a m , vi vay, cd rat it cac c d n g thiic luan c a n h t r e n n h o m d i t nay. Hau h e l ngudi d a n chi t r o n g 2 vu lua, doi vdi nhiing vung chij d p n g vfi t h u y lpi co t h e bd i n thfim 1 vu ddng vdi cay t r d n g c h i n h la n g d d o n g v i d a u t u o n g dong. Cac c d n g thirc trfin n h d m d i t giay d e u c h o hifiu qua kinh te 0 mirc cao.
- Hieu qua kinh te den dat cd tang set hang Id va dat tide tu: day la h a i n h d m d a t d u p c bd tri hfi thdn?
cay t r o n g vdi 23 c o n g thiic luan c a n h . trong do c6 ]
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE cdng tiiuc chuyen mau, 10 cong tiiur Iua - mau, 7
cdng thtrc chuyfin mau va 5 cdng thuc trdng cay an qua Cdng thiic lua xuan • Ida mua cho hifiu qui kinh lfi b mirc tiling binh, thap hon so vdi cac nhdm dit khic. Cdng thiic dat hifiu qui kinh te cao la ca chua xuan - lac he - hip cai ddng ven tdng Ihu nhap dat 188.67 tiifiu dong/ha, gia tri ngay cdng dat 155,96 nghin ddng va hifiu suit ddng v6n dat 2,95 Ian. Cac cdng thiic cdn lai dfiu mang Iai hifiu qui cao.
- Hifu qua kinh te tien ddt vang dd. dat nau dd, di't tang mong: cac cay trdng cho hifiu qua kmh te cao bao gdm: Nhan, di, chfi, cay hoa vi cay lam nghifip vdi gia tri ngay cong dat trfin 150 nghin ddng.
Cay chudi va cay sin cho hifiu qua thip hon. D6i vdi nhdm dat ling mong, do su nghfio kiet ve dinh dudng, tang canh tic mong, vi vay, hifin nay nguoi dan it canh lac, mpt so vung chi cd the trong mpt so cay lam nghifip vdi hifiu qui kinh tfi rii thap.
Hifu qua kmh te tien nhdm dai cat ven sdng:
cd 4 cong thuc trdng trpt chinh tren nhdm dat nay, nginn dan chi trdng chuyfin cic cay mau nhu ngo. bi dd, rau cac loai. Cic cdng thuc cho hifiu qua kinh tfi 6 miic cao, dac bifit Ii cay bi dd.
3.3. Cic giii phip, bi^n phip tht;c hi^n chu y^u Uy ban Nhan dan thanh pho Ha Npi da chi dao UBND cic huyfin, thi xa, cac so, nganh thuc hifin tot cic bifin phip, giai phip chii yfiu sau
- Bao ve, cai tao nang cao chit lupng dit ndng nghlfip, dat ti'dng liia vi phat trien, chuyen d6i quy dat ti'dng lua dupc khuyfin khich hd trp quy dinh trong Nghi dinh sd 35/ND-CP vk quan ly, su dung dit trong liia. Lam tot cong tic quy hoach va quan ly thuc hien quy hoach sii dung dat ndng nghifip theo cac tieu vung smh thai ti'ong bdi canh each mang cdng nghlfip 4.0 gin vdi tai co cau nganh ndng nghifip cua thanh phd den nam 2030, lua dat 140,0 nghin ha; rau cu qua an loan 5,0 nghin ha. hoa cay canh 8,0 nghin ha; cay an qua 26.0 nghin ha; che 3.0 nghin ha.,. Tifip tuc khuyfin khich Ihuc hifin vific don difin. doi titua dfi khic phuc tinh ti-ang manh mun ve quy md cac thua dat ndng nghifip. dil trong Ida, tao difiu kien co gidi hoa va ap dung tifin bd khoa hoc ky thuit. Hd ti-p lfi phi, thue... doi vdi viec mua bin chuyen quyfin sir dung dat nhim muc dich tich tu rudng dit phuc vu sin xuil ndng nghifip.
- Cai tao vi bio ve dd phi cua dat: (i) Ap dung cic bien phap bdn phan can ddi. bon du cac chat dinh duong theo yfiu cau cua cay trdng. Ngoai ra, can
dau tu bdn thfim vdi, phan chuong ho$c cac loai phin hiru CO smh hpc de cai thifin dp phi nhifiu cua dat cung nhu lam tang kfit cau ciia dat. (li) Xay dung dupc cac cdng thiic luan canh hop ly ddi v(n lung vung dat nham dim bao dupc su bfin vung ve m$t smh hpc. Chu trong dua cac cay cai tgo dat (nhu cay d^u do,...) xen vao cic cdng thiJrc de nang cao dan dp phi nhifiu dat Dimg tan du cay trdng sau thu hoach (than la ngd, mia, dau do,...) lam phan xanh tai chd, tang ham lupng miin, dp xdp, cii tgo dd phi nhieu dat (lii) Tang cudng cdng tic khuyen ndng, nang cao nhan thiic cua ngudi dan vk cdng lac su dyng di ddi voi vific cii tao va bio vfi dit.
- Trong qua trmh san xuat ndng nghifip co chfi dp dau tu hop ly vdi lung loai dil, loai cay trdng dfi nang cao dp phi dit sin xuit ndng nghipp, tai I90 I^
canh quan, Idp che phii bfi mat dat nhim giam thieu nhung tic ddng xau dfin mdi trudng dit dai, khdng khi. nguon nudc de sii dung dat b^n vimg.
- Thuc hien dau tu cac cdng trinh thuy lpi trfin co sd quy hoach ndng thdn moi, quy hoach co sd ha tang ddng bo phuc vu ndng nghifip vi phat trifin ndng thdn.
- Xay dung chuang trinh quin ly va bio vfi mdi truong ndng nghifip mdt cadi dong bp cd hieu qua.
Giao due y thiic vfi bao vfi moi trudng sin xuat ndng nghifip trong nhan dan, trong cac don vi dfin vific xay dung cic tieu chuan, qui dinh va cac phuong tifin dfi quan ly va kifim soil moi truong mi Lrpng tam Ii cac khu vuc sin xuit ndng nghifip img dung cdng nghfi cao gan cac khu cdng nghiep, cac dd thi mdi.
Ket qua danh gia HQKT cua cac loai hinh su dung dat cua thanh phd Ha Npi cho thay timg hfi thong cay trdng tren cic loai dil cho hifiu qua kinh lfi khac nhau: (a) dat xam cd 32 cdng thirc luan canh trfin cic LUT lua (01), liia - miu (12), chuyen mau (10), hoa - cay an qua (9), cac chi tieu GO, C, Pr, H binh quan dat tir 104,63 - 159,85 trifiu dong/ha); (b) dit phu sa co 38 cdng thiic luan canh trfin cac LUT lua (01). lua mau (14), chuyen mau (14). cay an qua, hoa (9), cac chi tifiu GO. C, Pr, H bmh quan dat lu 107,94 • 151,77 tnfiu dong/ha; (c) dat ving dd, dit nau dd, dat tang mdng cd 7 cdng thiic luan canh. chii yfiu li LUT cay an qui va hoa, cac chi tifiu GO, C. Pr.
H bmh quan dat tu 111,73 -167,03 trifiu ddng/ha; (d) dit ddc tu, dit cd ting sfit loang 16 cd 23 cong thiic luan canh trfin cac LLT lua (01), Iua mau (10), NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019 151
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
chuyen m i u (7), cay an q u i . hoa (7), cac chi tifiu GO. vanh dai xanh...trong boi canh cich mang cdng C. Pr. H binh quan dat tir 116.44 - 155,% trifiu nghifip 4.0 so gdp phan dem Iai hifiu qua kinh te cao, d o n g / h a ; (e) d i t giay cd 3 cdng thtic luan canh tren bfin xoing vfi moi tiirdng ndng nghifip cho thanh phd LUT lua m i u , cac chi tifiu GO, C, Pr. H binh quan giai doan tdi.
dat tir 106,35 - 114,42 tiieu d o n g / h a ; (f) d i t cat ven TM UEU THAM MUO
song cd 4 cdng thtic luan canh ti-fin LUT chuyfin , • . .... ^. ^ . ^ , . „ • VA: (or)U'\
„ . . I,'^ • f^r^ r- n.. TT ^.•^. • ^ 1 ^- 1. Uy ban Nhau dan thanh pho Ha Npi t.iUi4j.
mau. cac chi tieu GO, C, Pr. H bmh quan dat tu „ / , , , , .- i, „, ^.h^t n o n - j 10^ ^1 . - J- IU XV. • U ^ M . ^ J .. - Bao cao dieu tia danh gia thoai hoa dat phuc VIJ pnai 112.97 - 124,41 tneu dong/ha. Nhu vav. HQKT dat o
„ . ,, J •' .,• »u • - .1- • 1 - tiifin ben vung thanh phd Hi Ndi.
muc cao, thay doi tuy thuoc vao cac cong thuc man
canh cay ti'ong ip dung tiiy loai d i t 2. Uy ban Nhan dan thanh pho Hi Ndi (2015). Quy hoach phit tiifin san xuat Ida tiianh phd Ha Npi dfin nam 2020, tim nhin dfin nam 2030.
Cac glii phip sir dung dit ndng nghifip can dd thi, nong nghiep ven dd vin phai tuan thu quy trinh
bao ve, cai tao dat, canh lac chuyen doi co ciu cay 3. Uy ban Nhan dan thanh phd Ha Noi (2012).
Irong hop ly va cd cac chinh sich ddn difin, ddi tiiira, Q"y hoach phat tiien ndng nghifip thanh phd Ha Npi hfin k^t sin xuat ndng nghifip hang hda, phit hien ^^^ "^"i 2020, dinh hudng dfin nam 2030.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE LEVELS AND SOLUTION OF SUSTAINABLE LAND USE OF HANOI c n y
Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, Do Thi Huong Summaiy
The economic efficiency of crop systems in 2017 on the types of land use for nee. nee and crops lands, crops lands, fruit trees and flowers lands of the Hanoi city showed thai there were 107 rotational cultivation formulas on 6 types of land, including GO, C. Pr, labor value, capital efficiency at very high level (> 2.5 times), high level (2.0-2.5 times), medium level (from 1.5 to 2.0 Umes), low level (from 1.0 to 1.5 limrs) and very low level (<1.0 Umes), an average of 107.94 - 155.96 million VND/ha Economic efficiency of converting crop structure on nee cultivadon's land to other types of specialized culUvation initially for high economic efficiency such as planting safe vegetables with the value of 500 million VND/ha/year, flowers - ornamental plants 350 million VND/ha, safe tea reached 240 million VND/ha...This is a premise for the agriculture sector of Capital to strongly develop urban agnculture in the context of the agncultural revolubon 4.0 associated with the process of restructunng the industry towards increasing value and sustainable development.
Keywords: Econonuc efficiency of agncultural land, economic e&ciency of rice and nee land.
Ngudi phin bi^n: GS.TS. Nguyin Van Song Ngiy nhan bii: 02/8/2019
Ngiy thdng qua phin bifin: 3/9/2019 Ngiy duy^t dang: 10/9/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG II/2019