OOI M 6 | QUAN LY
CAC NHAN TO THANH C O N G CUA CAC D i i AN XAY D l i N G V O N NGAN SACH
S U C C E S S FACTORS O F C O N S T R U C T I O N P R O J E C T S F I N A N C E D BY STATE CAPITAL T S . LLrUTRl/CKNG V A N -Trudng Khoa Xay Dung va Oien, Oai hoc M d TRHCM K S . N G U Y I N C H A N H TAI - S d Xay Dung Odng Thap
Tom tat
Bai Hciy trinh bciy lam th§ nao ma c4c nhan to th^nh cong cua ccic dif an 6hu tU xay di/ng vdn ngan sSch da di/dc nhan dang va d^nh gid. K6t qua nghien ctifu da chi ra 10 nhSn tfi thtoh cong hang dSu. Di/a vao 10 nhan t6 thdnh c6ng hdng diu da nhdn dang, cdc bSn lien quan cua di/ dn se c6 k^ hoach, bi$n phdp nhdm tdng ty le thanh cong cua di/ dn.
Abstract
This paper presents how success factors of construction project financed by state capital are identified and evaluated.
The results indicated a set of top 10 success factors. Based on those factors, project parties may prepare appropriate plans and solutions in order to raise the project success.
1. Gidi thieu
Du an dau tu xay dung khu vuc cdng ludn chilm ty trpng cao trong nganh xay dung, su thanh cdng hay that bai ciia du an loai nay se anh hudng rat Idn d i n xa hpi v l nhilu mat. Du an xay dung cdng trinh thupc khu vue cdng ludn di kem vdi mdt trinh tu thii tue tUdng ddi phde tap, trai qua nhieu cdng doan td khau ehuan bj d i u t u d i n giai doan hoan thanh, ban giao dua vao sd dung, lien ddi tdi nhilu cd quan Nha nudc nhu cd quan quan ly v l xay dung, ed quan quan ly tai ehinh, ngan hang, kho bac Do dd, nghien edu danh gia nhCrng nhan td thanh cdng va cae giai phap lam tang kha nang thanh cdng eho du an xay dung thupc khu vuc cdng la r i t d n thiet.
Bai nay trinh bay k i t qua ciia mdt nghien eiru n h i m nhan dang va phan tieh cae nhan t l thanh cdng du an xay dung vdn ngan saeh va d l xuit cae bien phap giam nhe tae hai eiia cae riii ro.
2. Tong quan ve cac nghien cii'u tu'ong td da thuc hien
Duan xay dung cdng trinh thupc khu vue cdng la nht/ng du an xay dung cdng trinh sd dung vdn ngan sach Nha nudc hoac cd sddung vdn ngan saeh Nha nudc vdi mpt ty le tdi thieu theo quy djnh eua phap luat.
Nguyin & cong s t / j l ] da xae dinh dupe 05 nhan td anh hudng nhat den su thanh cdng eua nht/ng du an Idn (ed gia tri tren 01 trieu USD) tai Viet Nam la:
Cam kit cho duan; Kinh phi diy du suit duan; Diy du ngudn luc; Trinh do eua ngudi quan ly du an; Da dang/trinh do cua ban quan ly duan. Sau khi phan tieh nhan t l , tae gia da nhan dang 15 nhan td anh hudng d i n su thanh cdng va nhdm thanh 4 nhdm gpi la 4 CQMs, bao gdm: thuan Ipi (comfort); nang lue (competence); cam k i t (commitment); thdng tin (communication).
Mdi lien he gida nhan t l thanh cdng (success factor) va ehi sd PSI (Project Success Index) cung da dupe Hoang [2] xac djnh. Chi s l PSI theo nghien cdu nay dupc hieu gdm 4 y l u t l : Thdi gian hoan thanh duan; Chi phi thtic hien duan; Chat ludng diJ an; Cac vin di an toan trong qua trinh thuc hien.
Odi vdi du an thue hien theo phuong thde thilt k§
- thi cdng eung dUdc Oang [3] nghien edu va riit ra nhan td thanh cdng quan trpng nhit d i i vdi du an loai nay la: Diy du tai ehinh de hoan thanh dijan;
Chi huy trudng du nang luc, kinh nghiem va quyin /uc; Nha thiu co kinh nghiem va co uy tin cao; Nha thiu kit hap tit giua phudng an thiit ki va eac bien phap thi cdng thich hap; Nha thau eo nang luc manh
vi quan ly thiit ki va thi cdng.
Nht/ng nhan t l chinh anh hudng d i n su thanh cdng eiia du an dupc Chan & cong su [4] tong ket bao gdm: Hoat dgng quan ly duan; Thd tue duan;
Moi trudng ben ngoai; Cae nhan to lien quan den du an; Cae nhan to lien quan din con ngudi.
Odi vdi du an xay dung cdng, theo Tabish & cong su[S\, xet v l tong the nht/ng du an xay dung cong bj anh hudng Idn bdi cac nhdm nhan td: Nhan thiic va tuan thu vdi quy tie va quy dinh; Hieu qua hap tac giQa eae ben tham gia; Hoach dinh va xac djnh ro rang pham vi tien duan.
3. Phuong phap nghien ciPu
Su thanh cdng eua du an xay dung trong nghien edu nay dupc hieu la su dam bao mue tieu da d l ra nhu dam bao v l ehit lupng, t i l n dp, ngan sach, ve sinh, an toan lao ddng,..., khdng lang phi, that thoat.
3.1. Quy trinh nghien cii'u
Quy trinh nghien cdu bao gdm eae bude sau:
> Bude 1: Tham khao nhtrng nghien ci/u co lien quan ve v i n de thanh cdng eua du an xay dung,
NGUdi XAY DUNG SO THANG 8&9 - 2012
C A C N H A N TO T H A N H C O N G CUA...
Bang 1. 39 nhan td thanh cong cua duan xay dung cong duac nhan dang sabq.
STT
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS IB 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Nhan 16
Hi so dl/ in thifc hl^n d y ifii, bin vS k}thuit re ring, KtiOng mic l6j, khang miu Hiuin gliii cic giai ioin thilt kl, gldilhiltklvithiceng.
KhOng quin Uu, thinn nhGng trong thi/c hien do in (nho trong loa chgn nhi thiu, thi cOng, nghiem thu,...).
Tuin thu cic quy tic v l quan lytii chinh (nho quy tic quan Iftho, chl,t;m Dng, thanh toin,...).
Cim bao quy d|nh v l an toin lao d6ng, vS sinh mSi trudng.
Thoc hlSn diing quy djnh v l diu thiu, loa chon nhi thio (nhuvl hi so, thiJ tgc, trinh tu, Hnh cinh tranh,...) Chii dio to xic djnh rd ph^m vi, qoy md dg in.
Quylt tim thoc hien muctieu dg in ciia cho dio tu.
Chd dio to thodng xoydn giim sit, phin hll.
Kha ning dip iing t i l chinh cda chii diu tu theo k l hoach.
Sge'n djnhtd'chi}c ciiatovinqoan Ij^dgin.
To vin quan V du in cd ning Igc, kinh nghiem.
Ning luc, kinh nghldm ciia nhi thiu to vin thilt kl.
Ning Igc nhin sg, miy mdc, thilt bj coa nhi thiu thi cdng.
Ning Igc t i i chinh cda nhi thio Ihl cOng.
Kinh nghiem thgc hl^n dg in toong tg cda nhi thio thi cdng.
Ning Igc, kinh nghldm cda chi hoytrodng cdng trinh.
Qoymd cdadgin (td'ng didntich sinXD, siting,...) Loai dg in (din dgng, giao thdng, hating,...) Ttnh phiic tap cua dgin
Dg in xiy dung tai nhJng vj trt bit loi.
Dg in ddi hdi cdng nghe thi cdng hien dai.
Sg dng hi) cda ngodi din xong qoanh kho vge dg in.
Sg ung hd coa chlnh quyln dja phuong.
Sg kifm tra, thanh tra nghidm tdc, thodng xoydn cua co quan chile ning.
So phittrlfn nhi}ng cdng nghd tien tiln trong thi cdng xiy dung.
Biln ddng thj trudng, gii ca v}t to xiy dgng.
Hoach djnh kl hoach thgc hl^n dg in hidu qui.
Thodng xoydn trao dd'i thdng tin giiia cic ben tham gia dgin.
Td'chiic he thing kilm soit chit chd trong till cdng xiy dgng.
Giii quylt miu thuin hldu qui, nhanh ehdng.
Kilm soit h i ^ qua cdng vl^c cua thiu phu.
Pham vl cdng vide v i trich nhiem rd ring cda cic bdn.
Phll hop, hw tic t i t glQa cic bdn tham gia dg in.
Cip nhit tiln dd v i chi phlthodng xoydn.
Hi&i rd ndi dung hop ding.
Quy djnh v l thodng, phat trong hop ding thi cdng duin.
Quan tim din cdng ding xung quanh khu vuc dg in triln ktial xiy dgng.
Cdng tic giai phdng mit bing thuin lgi, giao mit bing ddng tiln dl).
Khdng thay dd'i Idn v l qoy md, pham vl cdng vide trong khi triln ktial dg in.
chpn nhung nhan td thanh cdng p h i i hpp vdi loai d u an xay dung cdng lam thanh danh sach. Phdng v i n nhung chuyen gia c d kinh nghiem trong thuc hien, q u a n ly d u an xay d u n g cdng de rut ra nht/ng nhan t l ehinh n h i m t h i l t k l bang eau hdi.
• Budc 2: Td nht/ng nhaii t l thanh cdng ehinh dupe riit ra td bude 1, thilt k l bang eau hoi de thuc hien pilot test.
• Bude 3;Tiln hanh phat bang eau hdi thilt k l d bdde 2 cho nhiing chuyen gia la eae Trudng, Phd phdng, Ban giam d i e ciia Sd Xay dung Oing Thap, Ban Quan ly du an, cae cdng ty tu v i n thilt k l , thi cdng, nht/ng ngudi cd tham nien trong ITnh vuc xay dung cd kinh nghiem ve du an xay dung cdng.
• Bi/dc 4: Thu thap sd lieu l l n 1 de danh gia nhan td va loai bo nhdng nhan t l ed anh hudng it den thanhedng ciia du an xay dung cdng, lam ca sd cho thilt k l bang cau hdi chinh thde.
- Budc 5; Thue hien thilt k l bang cau hdi chinh thde, phat hanh eho nht/ng chuyen gia cd kinh nghiem trong thuc hien du an xay dung cong.
• Budc 6; Thu thap du lieu va thuc hien phan tich thdng ke md ta nhim x l p hang eac nhan td theo gia tri (Mean) va dp lech chuan (Standard deviation).
• Budc 7: Phan tieh va dua ra eac khuyin nghj ehio su thanh cdng ciia du an xay dung bing ngudn vdn ngan sach
3.2. Khao sat thu' nghiem (pilot test)
Bang cau hdi dupc tien hanh khao sat thd nghiem gdm 39 nhan t l thanh cdng (Bang 1) dupe gdi d i n eae chuyen gia va thu thap lai dupe 15 bang. Cae chuyen gia dupe mdi khao sat la Ban Giam die, cae Trudng, Phd phdng ed nhilu nam kinh nghiem thude Sd Xay dung. Ban quan ly dij' an Tinh Ddng Thap va cac cdng ty tu van. Trong dd.
Ban giam d i e la 3 ngudi, 11 chuyen gia la Trudng, Phd phdng va 01 ky su ed nhilu nam kinh nghiem.
v l s l nam kinh nghiem thi chuyen gia ed s l nam cdng tac trung binh la 15,7 nam. T i t ca eac chuyen gia deu tham gia tren 10 du an xay dung cdng. T i t ca cac chuyen gia nay d i u tham gia du an thupc ITnh vue dan dung va cdng nghiep. He s l Cronbach's Alpha tinh toan dupe la 0.916. Theo nht/ng nha nghien cifu thi he sd Cronbach's Alpha n i m trong khoang [0.8 - 1.0] thi thang do ludng danh gia la t i t [6].
3.3. Khao sat chinh thiPc
Can cdvao k i t qua khao sat thd nghiem, nhung nhan td cd mean > 3 dupe gid lai, ddng thdi them vao mdt sd nhan td anh hudng ma eae chuyen gia cho la anh hudng Idn d i n su thanh cdng eiia duan xay dung cdng tai cac eau hdi md cua bang khao sat sd bp. Bang cau hdi duoe girl true tiep d i n cae chuyen gia ti/ng tham gia trong du an xay dung cdng thupc ITnh vuc dan dung cdng nghiep, nhim dam bao gidi han theo pham vi nghien cifu, bang cau hdi them mpt cau hdi gidi han nham chae chin cae chuyen gia da tdng tham gia trong du an xay dung cdng thupc ITnh vuc dan dung eong nghiep,
NGUdi XAY D U N G S O THANG 8&9 • 2012
C A C NHAN TO T H A N H C O N G CUA.
neu bang tra Idi eua chuyen gia nao khdng thudng tham gia trong ITnh vue dan dung va cdng nghiep thi bj loai, khdng dua vao phan tich k i t qua.
s l lupng bang cau hdi thu vao hpp le la 116 bang.
4. K i t qua phan tich di? lieu
4.1. Tdp 10 nhan td thanh cdng xip hang eao nhit
T i t ea 39 nhan t l dupe dua vao x l p hang, viec Bang 2. Trung binh xip hang tip 10 nhin to
thanh cdng xip hang cao nhit.
x l p hang nhan td can c d vao gia trj trung binh (mean) eiia nhan t l , nhan td nao cd mean Idn thi dupe x l p hang eao. Bang 2 the hien t i p 10 nhan t l duoe x l p hang eao nhit.
b i i vdi du an xay dung cdng, nhan td "cdng tac giai phdng mat b i n g thuan ldi, giao mat bing dung t i l n dp" cd anh hudng Idn n h i t ddi vdi sd thanh eong eiia du an. Hien nay, cdng tac giai phdng mat bang de xay dung ddi vdi du an cdng tai Viet Nam la mpt v i n d l edn r i t nhilu khd khan, b i t cap. Viee xac djnh mde chi phi den bti, mdc bdi thudng hd trd eho ngudi dan tuy g i n day da cd chuyen biln theo chilu hudng tdt, mdc chi phi d i n bti tang eao hon theo quy djnh cua Nghi djnh 69/2009/ND-CP ngay 13 thang 8 nam 2009 eiia Chinh phii, tuy nhien mute gia edn chua tUdng xumg vdi gia ca thj trudng thuc te tai nhieu dd thj, them vao dd la van de khd khan trong viec chuyen doi nghe nghiep tao cdng an viec lam eho nhumg ngudi bj thu hdi dat. Cdng lae giai phdng mat bang eham tre dan den du an eham tien dp, gay phat sinh chi phi do yeu td trupt gia, tang chi phi cd hpi ciia du an, v i n d l hieu qua, muc tieu eiia duan bj anh hudng.
Nhan t l "Hd sd d u an thuc hien d i y du, ban ve ky thuat rd rang, khdng m i c ldi, khdng mau thuin gida cac giai doan thilt k l , gida thilt ke va thi cdng"
cung la mdt y l u td quan trpng (xlp thd 2) anh hudng den thanh cdng cua du an. Hd so thii tue ciia du an xay dung cdng tuong ddi phifc tap, phai trai qua nhilu giai doan thuc hien hd sd. Vi t h i , n l u h i Sd rd rang d i y du thi t i l n dp thuc hien du an se nhanh hon, khdng m i c ldi va d i n d i n anh hudng ehi phi xdly,...
Cae nhan td "Nang luc, nhan su, may mdc cua nha t h i u thi cdng", "Nang luc kinh nghiem eiia nha t h i u tu v i n thilt k l " , "Nang luc, kinh nghieni cua tu van quan ly du an" l l n lupt x l p cac hang tilp theo.
Bang 3. So sanh nhan td thanh cong giira cac loai duan xay dung theo cac nghien ciiu da duac thuc hien tai Viet Nam.
Ma boa K4
QD1
CN8 CN7 CN6 CN9 CN4 MT5 CN11 Q02
Nbaatdthaolicaag Cfing tic giii phdng mit bing thuin iQi, giao mit bing dung tien Oi).
Hd so dif in thuc hi$n diy di, bin vS ky thuit rfi ring, khfing mic l6i, khfing miu thuin gii?a cic giai doan thi^t k^, giaa thi^t k6 vi thi cfing.
Ning luc nhin su, miy m6c, thi^t bj ciJa nhi thiu thi cfing.
Ning luc, kinh nghiem ciia nhi thiu tifvinthidtkl
TUvin quin ly du in cfi ning luc, kinh nghiem.
Ning lgc til chlnh cua nhi thiu thi cfing.
Khi ning dip i/ng til chlnh ciia chD diu tu theo ke hoach.
Bi^n dfing thi trudng, gii c i vit tu xiy dung.
Ning luc, kinh nghiem ciSa chi huy tnfdng cfing trinh.
Khfing quan lidu, tham nhGng trong thuc hi0n du in (nhu tmng lua chpn nhi thiu, thi cfing, nghiem thu,...).
Gii tii Meai 4.41
4.39
4.22 4.20 4.16 4.15
4.14 4.09
3.9B 3.97
Xep hang 1
2
3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10
Loai dl/ in xiy dUOg Dl/ in cdng (nghidn ci/u niy)
Dl/ i n Idn: vin ngin l i c h v i bl nhin [1]
Dl/ i n xiy di/ng ndi chung [2]
Dl/in theo phi/tfng thi/c thiit kl - thi cdng [3]
Nhin th thinh cdng quan trong theo thCrti/
1 Cdng tic giii phdng mat bang thoin ldi, giao mat bang diing tiin dd Ning li/c ciia ngodi qoin ly do in
Ning lgc chuyin mdn ciia cic bdn
Oiy dii tii chinh d^ hoin thinh dgin
2 Hi so du in thifc hlin diy du, bin vS ky thuit rd ring, khdng mac lil, khdng miu thuin gii/a cic giai doan thiit ki, giiiathlitkivi thi cfing Kinh phi diy Si suit dg in
Kihoachti chi/c cfing vigc
Chi huy truing di ning luc, kinh nghldm v i quyin li/c
3 Ning lgc nhin su, miy mdc, thiit bj ciia nhi thiu thi cfing.
Oa dang/ning lgc cia nhdmdi/in Ning li/c cia quin ly duin
Nhi thiu cd kinh nghiim (vdl cic doin tong thio thiit ki-thi cfing] vicduv tin cao
4 Nang lOc, kinh nghldm coa nhi thio to vin thiit ki
Cam kit cho do in
Tim quan trong ciia duin
Nhi thio kit hop t i t glOa phifdng i n thiit ki v i cic biin phip thi cfing thich hdp
S TO vin qoin ly do in cd nang lgc, kinh nghidm
Nguin lgc san cd
Si/tic dfing cia yiu t i khich quan Nhi thiu cdning loc manh vi qoin ly thiit k i v i thi cfing
(Xem tiip trang 25)
NGUdi XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 & 9 • 2012
VAN DE SUY THOAI CUA CAN BO. DANG VIEN HIEN NAY:..
kiem tra cua to chde dang ddi vdi viee tu dudng, ren luyen dao dde ciia can bp, dang vien, g i n vdi kiem tra viee t i l p tue thuc hien day manh hpe tap va lam theo t i m guong dao dde Hd Chi Minh theo Chi thj sd 03-CT/TW, ngay 14-5-2011 ciia Bp Chinh trj trong can bd, dang vien d eac elp.
Thd tu, thue hien nghiem tue NQ12, trong dd c h i p hanh triet de 7 ndi dung neu guong duoc ghi rd trong Quy djnh sd 101-QO/TW, ngay 07-6-2012 eua Ban Bi thu v l trach nhiem neu guong eiia can bp, dang vien, nhit la can bd lanh dao chii chdt eae elp. Theo dd,
c i n chu y can bd ed chde vu cang cao eang phai guong m i u .
ThU nam, d n sda doi, bo sung cae van ban phap quy, quy djnh eiia Oang theo hudng tang hinh phat ddi vdi cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat, vi pham Oilu le Oang, vi pham nhdng d i l u dang vien khdng dddc lam, bao dam dii sde ngan ehan eac hanh ddng sai trai cua can bd, dang vien.
Hy vpng ring, vdi quylt tam chinh trj eua ea he thing chinh trj va cua toan dan dat dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang, su quan ly, d i l u hanh eiia Nha nudc, su phli hpp van ddng ciia Mat tran To qude
Viet Nam va doan the eac d p , dac biet la su giam sat, phan bien ciia nhan dan, ehung ta se tilp tue VUdt qua nhung khd khan, thach thde trong finh hinh mdi, dua d i t nude t i l n nhanh, tiln vung chic hudng tdi muc tieu
"Dan giau, nudc manh, dan ChU, cdng bang, van minh"
xdng dang vdi su ky vpng ciia nhan dan.Q
(1) Ho Chi Minh loan tap, Ha Noi -1996, tap 9, trang 292
(2)Sad, NXBCTQG, Ha Npi -1995, tap 5, trang 274
(3)S(Id, NXBCTQG, Ha Noi - 1996, tap 12, trang78-79
CAC NHAN TO THANH C O N G . . .
(Tiip theo trang 22)
Cac nhan td "Nang luc tai chinh eiia nha t h i u thi cdng", "Kha nang dap ufng tai ehinh eiia ehii d i u tu theo k l hoach" eung r i t anh hudng d i n su thanh cdng eiia du an. Su b i l n ddng gia ca thj trudng anh hudng den nhieu mat trong xa hpi va do dd nd eung anh hudng d i n su thanh cdng cua du an xay dung cdng. V i n d l quan lieu, tham nhung trong duan xay dung cdng cung anh hudng nhilu d i n sd thanh cdng. Suquan lieu, tham nhung cd the d i n d i n viec lua chpn nha t h i u khdng ed dii nang lue va eon anh hudng d i n ldi ich ciia nha t h i u , Id dd dan den viee thi cdng khdng dam bao c h i t lupng.
4.2. So sanh nhan td thanh cdng cua d u an xay du'ng cong so v d i nhi7ng dt/ an khac
Mue tieu eua p h i n nay n h i m so sanh, danh gia tong quan v l eac nhan t l thanh cdng cua du an xay dung cdng theo nghien edu nay so vdi nhdng du an khac tai Viet Nam td nhung nghien cdu khae, k i t qua the hien tai Bang 3. Do dac thu rieng cua duan cong nen nhan t l anh hudng d i n su thanh cdng eiia du an cdng cung khae vdi nhdng du an khac.
Nhin chung quy djnh v l chinh sach, thii tue, hd sd ed anh hudng Idn d i n su thanh cdng ciia du an cdng, trong khi dd cac du an khac thi nang luc chuyen mdn, nang luc tai ehinh lai quylt djnh su thanh cdng eiia du an.
5. K i t luan
Nghien euru nay da nhan dang dupe 39 nhan td thanh cdng ciia du an xay dung cdng, ddng thdi danh gia dupe mdc dp anh hudng ciia cac nhan td dd d i n su thanh cdng eiia du an. "Cdng tae giai phdng mat b i n g , giao mat b i n g dung t i l n dp" la mpt
nhan td het sde quan trpng ddi vdi su thanh cdng eiia du an dau tu xay dung cdng. Yeu Id " h i so thii tue ciia du an xay dung cdng" cung la mdt y l u t l anh hudng quan trpng. Nhdng nhan td quan trpng tiep theo thupc ve nang lue chuyen mdn eiia cac ben tham gia nhu: nang luc nhan su, may mde eiia nha t h i u thi cdng; nang lue, kinh nghiem eiia nha t h i u tu v i n thilt k l ; nang lue, kinh nghiem eiia tu v i n quan ly dU an. Nang lue tai ehinh eiia nha t h i u thi cdng; kha nang dap ung tai chinh eiia Chii d i u tu theo k l hoaeh eung r i t anh hudng d i n su thanh cdng eiia du an. Mat khae, v i n d l quan lieu, tham nhung trong du an xay dung cdng cung anh hudng nhilu d i n su thanh cdng.
Cac chii dau tu va eae ben lien quan eiia du an ed the tap trung vao t i p 10 nhan td da nhan dang td dd de ra bien phap gia tang su thanh cdng ciia du an xay dung bang ngudn vdn ngan sach.Q
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Long Duy Nguyen, Stephen 0. Ogunlana, Do Thi Xuan Lan.
(2004) A study ofproject success factors in large construction proj- ects in Viet Nam. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management Volume 11 # Number 6 # 2004, pp. 404^13.
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NGUdi XAY DUNG SO THANG 8&9 • 2012
