TLJ LI$H TRONG NLf6C
GIA TRI VAN HOA CUA DI TICH LICH s d
I^MA Tt HOA LO
NGUYfeN THI BfCH T H C Y
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gay nay, ntfu nhu ai dd din tham quan di tfch lich stt nhd ltt Hda Ld, dilu ddu tien gay ah tupng dtfi vdi khaeh Id ddng ehu Maison central dupc khde dam trtfn etfng ehfnh cua nhd tu. Ntfu khach khdng bitfl titfng Phap se khdng hilu cum ttt dd ed y nghia nhu thl nao. Con ngudi bitft tilng Phdp se thdc mdc tai sao trudc kia thuc dan Phap lai dat eho nhd ltt mdt edi tdn khflng gitfng trdn thue ll. Vi ntfu dich ra nghia tilng Vidt, ltt maison ctf nghia la ngdi nhd, ttt central co nghta la trung tdm. Sd d! thuc dan Phdp mutfn dttng edi tdn ngdi nhd trung ldm, hay nhd td Irung uong nhdm xoa diu bot y thttc phan khang cua nhan dan thude dia, eung nhu che day bdt tfnh chdt dpa day eua ^ -ehtf dd nha tu thue dan.
Nha tu ttung uong "^
(hay con gpi la nha ttt Hda Lo) do thuc dan Phap tilh hanh xay dung vdo nam 1896, vdi ttfng didn tfch 12.908m2. Todn btf nha tu nam ttpn ttdn manh ddt hinh thang eua lang Phu Khanh, ttfng Vinh Xuong (eu) eua Hd Ntfi. Lang Phu Khdnh Id lang nghi ehuydn san xudt dtf gtfm, ngdy ddm rue liifa Itf nung, vi thl" lang etf thdm tdn
ndm Id ldng Hoa Lo, va vl vay ngudi la cung la'y ldn Hda Ld dl gpi thay vl gpi la ngdi nha trung tam hoac nha tu trung uong. Nhd tu Hda Ld dupe su dung dl giam ttt nhan, eung la noi tam giam nhttng ngudi bi ehfnh quyln thuc dan bat gitt. Ngodi ra, nha ltt Hda Ld con dupc thuc dan Phap dttng lam noi giam gitt cae pham nhan bi xu phat hanh ehfnh do vi pham eac nghi dinh, bi ket dn ltt hay di ddy, hoSc cdn chd cac mttc an do Thtfng stt quylt dinh.
Ben canh do, nhd ttt Hda Lo con dupe thuc dan Phap stt dung khoang hon ntta thtf ky dl giam edm, ddy ai nhung ngudi ydu nude Viet Nam. Din thang 10-1954, sau khi miln Bdc duoe hodn loan giai phtfng, chfnh phu Vidt
Stf 3461 Thang 4-20131
T H d M C TIM V A M Mf^A MfiHI^ T H U A T Nam da quan ly vd lam thdi su dung nhd ltt Hda Ld dl giam gitt nhftng ngudi vi pham phdp luat.
Ttt nam 1964 dd'n naml973. nhd ltt Hda Ltf etfn Id noi tam giam phi ctfng My bj ban rai vd bj bdt khi dem bom ban phi miln Bdc. Nam 1993, dl ddp ttng ydu edu phdt triln etta thu dd, Nhd nudc da quylt dmh .stta dtfi muc dfeh stt dung eua Nha ttt Hda Ld, 4/5 didn tfeh dupc dung dl xay dung thap ttung tSm Hd Ntfi (Hd Ntfi Tower), edn lai 1/5 didn lieh phfa dflng nam cua nhd Iti dupe gitt lai tfln lao vk ngdy 18-6-1997 phdn didn tfch trdn da dupc Btf VHTT (nay Id Btf VHTTDL) xip hang Di tfch lich stt cdp qutfc gia theo Quyd't dinh stf 1543/QD-BVHTT, vd noi day da xay dung dai tudng nidm cic chiln si ydu nudc, cdch mang bi dieh bat tu ddy, nhttng ngudi da hitfn dang ea cutfe ddi mmh cho Ttf qutfc.
Vdi didn ti'ch cdn lai la 2.434m2. di tfch lieh stt nha ttt Hda Ltf ngay nay trd thanh mdt bao tang stfng, luu gitt nhung ddu a'n vl tfli dc cua thuc dan Phap, vl linh thdn ddu tranh eua cdc chiln si yeu nudc cdch mang Vidt Nam. Din vdi di tfch nha ttt Hda Ld. khach tham quan se true litfp dupe xem va dupe tim hilu rd hem vl quy md, dtf an loan, ehde ehdn eua nha lu Hda Lo ma thue din Phap ehu y xiy dung; vl eutfe stfng sinh hoat vd cung kham khtf, thilu thtfn cua edc chien sT ydu nude. Nhung vuot ldn trdn tat ca la tinh thdn ddu iranh kien cudng, bdt khudt va su cflng hid'n eua cdc chiln sT each mang dtfi vdi su nghiep giai phtfng dan tde.
Mac du hidn nay di tieh Hch su nha tu Hda Ld ehi con lai 1/5 dien tfch, nhung he thtfng trung bay tai day da lai hidn dupe tuong dtfi ddy du loan canh nhd tu Hda Ld vdi 9 ehCi dl ttung bay va mtft stf phdng giam, khu nguc ttfi ttude kia thuc dan Phap dttng dl giam gift vd trttng phat tu nhan vi pham ntfi quy vk ehtfng dtfi Iai nha cdm quyln. Dtf Id hd thtfng trung bay vl Ijch stt vttng ddi ttudc khi xay dung nhd lu Hoa Ld; ve mttc dtf kidn etf, quy mfl eua nhd lu Hoa Ld dupe thl hidn qua nhttng nguydn vai lidu thuc dan Phdp da dung d l xay dung; vl chtf dtf giam edm ha khde, sinh hoat dpa day md thue dan Phdp da dung dl trttng phat nhung
ngudi Viet Nam ydu nude qua he ihtfng tdi lieu, hidn vat dupc trung bdy, qua mtft phdng giam tap thl nam vtfi hai day xd lim lanh leo va nhftng ehiic cum sdt nang nl, chdc ehdn. Hoa Ltf cdch day hem nua thtf ky da ttmg dupc vf nhu dia nguc ttdn gian, vd dia nguc ttdn gian dtf dupe thl hidn ro nha't, ehan thuc nhdt qua khu nguc ltfi (caehot) vdi sdn xi mang dtfc vl phdn ddu, cao vl phdn ehan, ngudi til nlu mutfn ngtfi trong chtfe ldi (thay eho v i ^ phai ludn ludn ndm dtfc ngupe) thi phai ehtfng hai lay xutfng sdn, ddu nga ra phfa sau. Va du b tu thl ndm hay ngtfi thl ngudi ttt eung se ludn trong tinh ttang mdu dtfn hit Idn ddu. Nhilu tii nhan khi ra khoi khu nguc ttfi dlu bi ghe 16, mat md, chan cham, phu thung... Thl nhung, khu nguc ttfi dy eung khtfng ldm lung lay ^ chi ehitfn ddu ma ngugc lai eang hun dtte thdm tinh thdn cdch mang eho nhftng ngudi eon ydu nudc khtfng may sa vko tu nguc.
Va se etf nhilu ngudi thdc mde la bai ciia ctfng ngdm dang dupe ttung bay tai di tfeh nha ttt Hoa Lo vdi ldng ctfng nhd nhu vay, Iai c6 thdm ca eh& song sdt gia etf edn thin nhu thl thi lam sao ttt ehfnh tti lai ed thl ttf ehttc cac eude vuoi nguc dl ttd vl vdi hdng ngfl cdch mang vao thang 3-1945 va thdng 12-1951 ducic.
Nhung dd ehfnh la thue ttf da dupe ghi ddu ttong lieh stt ve vang, huy hoang cua dan tdc.
Khdng ehl etf vay, dd'n tham quan di tich lieh stt nhd ltt Hda Ltf, du khdch se dupe chihig kiln vl eutfe sdng eua eae ntt ehitfn si cdch mang qua 4 gian xd tim nft, phtfng giam phu nil ctf con nhd vd mtft phdng giam tap thl ttudc kia thuc dan Phdp dttng d l nhtft ntt tu Ihudng pham. Phdng giam tap ihl ntt hidn dang mmg bay tu lidu, hidn vdt vl nhung dung cu tra tdli eua thue dan Phdp dtfi vdi ttt chfnh tti. Vd chJc ehi dd'n vdi di tfeh lich stt nha lu Hda Ld, khdch tham quan moi dugc ehttng kiln true tilp nhi^u hidn vat la nhimg dung cu tta t ^ dih ghd rem md thue dan Phdp da dp dung dtfi vdi tu nh4n.
Diln hinh la chile may chim md thuc dSn Phap da dilng d l uy hilp vd gill hai bilt bao chi^n Sl ydu nude nhu cae dtfng ehf Nguydn Dtte Canh. Nguyin Hodng Ttfn, hay 13 chiln si
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l Stf 346 • Thing 4-2013Vidt Nam Qutfe dan dang, trong dd ed Nguyin Thai Hpc, Phd Dtte Chfnh... Dae biet, hien nay di Ifeh Hoa Ld cdn luu gift 4 gian x i lim ttt hinh, ndi da tttng giam edc dtfng ehf Nguyin Dtte Canh, Hodng Van Thu. Trudng Chinh vd Trdn Dang Ninh.
Di tfch nha ltt Hoa Ld cdn ddnh mfll vi ttf ttang ttpng dl trung bdy vd ghi danh 1.624 chitfn Sl edeh mang Vidt Nam da bi thue dan Phap giam cdm. day ai tai nha ttt Hda Ld qua cdc giai doan cdch mang, ttt nam 1899 dd'n nam 1954 vd nhttng hoat dtfng bid'n nha tu thdnh trudng hpe each mang cua chi bfl Dang trong nhd ttt, eung nhu nhung ddng gop cua cac chid'n Sl ydu nudc sau khi thoat khdi nhd tu, tilp tue tham gia vao su nghidp ddu tranh giai phdng dan tdc, bao vd vd xay dung da't nudc.
Ngoai ra. ttt nim 1964 dd'n nam 1973 la thdi gian d l qud'c My titfn hanh cutfe chitfn tranh pha hoai bang khflng quan va hai quan dtfi vdi quan va dan miln Bdc. Vtfi long quylt tam cao.
quan va dan miln Bdc da giang tra eho khflng quan My nhihig ddn iha'l bai nang nl. Stf phi cflng My bi quan va dan miln Bdc bdn roi da dupc chfnh phu Viet Nam dua vl tam giam tai nha ttt Hda Ld. Dl nhan dan the gidi hilu hon ve ehfnh sach nhan dao cua nhd nude Viet Nam dtfi vdl lu binh phi cdng My, Ban Quan l^ Di ti'ch Nha ttt Hda Lo da trung bay mtft stf hidn vat. hinh anh, tu lieu vl hdnh trmh din vdi trai giam vd cudc stfng eua ltt binh phi cflng My ttong thdi gian bi giam tai noi day. Trong stf nhttng phi edng My bi bat thdi gian dd cd Douglas Pete Peterson, ngudi sau nay ttd ihdnh dai stt My dau tidn lai Vidt Nam, ngudi da rdt tfch cue ihtte ddy mtfi quan hd hpp tae Vidt Nam - Hoa Ky ngdy cang phat triln ttft dep; Id Jonh Me.Cain - thupng nghi si My, ngudi da ctf tdi 6 idn quay lai Vidt Nam. Va Jonh Me.Cain da ed mtft stf ldn tham lai irai giam Hda Lo - noi mdt thdi tu binh phi cong My dat tdn la khach san Hilton Ha Ndi. Trong nhung ldn vieng tham dy, Jonh McCain da bay td long bill on chfnh phu Viet Nam da dfl'i xtt nhan dao vdi ltt binh My trong thdi gian bi tam giam chd ngay trao tra vl nutfc.
TULlgUTRQNfiMl/rtC Cd thl khdng dinh rdng, nlu ehi rieng ntfi vl y nghia eua di tfch lieh stt nhd ttt Hda Ld, chttng ta dlu tha'y dupc gid tri lieh stt vd gia md tu ban than di tfeh da ndi ien tdt ca. Them vao dd la hd Ihtfng ttung bdy da gidi thidu ttt khdi qudt din cu thl cho ngudl xem ed dupc mtft cdi nhin tuong dd'i ddy du vl di tfeh. Do vay, kl tft khi Ihdnh lap din nay (nam 1993), di tfch lich stt nhd tu Hda Ld ngay eang duge dflng dao du khdch irong vd ngoai nudc bill dd'n, dae bidt la ban bd qutfc tl. Ngudi Vidt Nam din vtfi di tfch dl fln lai lich stt mflt thdi hao httng, gian khtf, tha'm ddm mdu ddo cua cha flng. Hpc sinh. sinh vidn, doan thanh nidn ttf ehtte kd't nap Dang, kit nap Doan. kit nap Dtfi tai dai tudng nidm de hun dtte va ren luydn ban Iinh thanh nidn thdi dai mdi.
Hang nam, ddi ngu can btf thuylt minh cua di tt'eh dtfn tilp va phue vu hang tram doan khach trong nudc, qutfc id', cac doan khach cap eao sang tham, lam vide tai Viet Nam va tham quan di tfch lich stt nha ttt Hda Lo. hpc sinh, sinh vien cac trudng tilu hoc, trung hoc co sd, irung hoc phtf thdng, cao ddng, dai hpc den tham quan, hpc tap. Dl da dang htfa ede hinh thttc luyen truyin, thu hut khach tham quan dtfn vdi di tich ngay mdt dong hon, nhimg ngudi lam edng tac quan ly, cac can bd cua di tfeh khflng ngttng tran ttd, dtfi mdi eae hoat dtfng giao due. Trong nhftng nam gdn day. Ban Quan ly Di tich Nha tu Hda Ld da ltf chttc nhieu butfi giao luu giua cdc nhan ehttng lich stt vdi can bd, doan Vldn thanh nidn cac eo quan. don vj; to chttc cac cuflc thi tim hilu ve di lich lich stt nhd tu Hda Ld nhan dip ky nidm eae ngay ll ldn eua thu dd va da'l nudc.
Vide Ban Quan ly Di tfeh Nha ttt Hda Ld ttf chttc cho cde can bd, doan vidn thanh nidn ede CO quan, don vi va ede sinh vien, hpe sinh trdn dia bdn Ha Ndi gap gd, ird ehuydn true tilp vdi cac nhan ehttng - nhung ngudi da mtfl thdi ndm gai, nim mat, da ttai qua du mpi cue hinh tra tdn cua ehd'dtf nha ttt thuc dan - dupc xa htfi ghi nhan va danh gia cao. Bdi le. hoat dtfng tren khtfng ehi don thudn Id da dang hda cae hoat ddng tuydn truyin, ma con mang mpt J nghia
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¥ H 6 | I 6 TIM VAM H(^A MP;HI; T H U A T
giao due vfl cttng sau sdc, va se la mdt da'u a'n khd qudn vtfi nhttng ai da mtft ldn dupc mdt tha'y, tai nghe eac cuu tu kl chuydn ddu tranh ehtfng lai chl dd hk khde tai nhd ltt Hoa Ld. dl cac thl hd con chdu Vidt Nam ngdy nay dupc stfng ttong hda binh. dm no. lu do va hanh phuc Cung vdl thdi gian, di tfeh lich su nhd ttt Hda Ltf ngdy cdng dupc nhan dan trong nude vd nhan dan thd' gidi bid't dd'n nhilu hon. Dilu dtf duge thuc ic khdng dinh qua cdc stf lidu khach tham quan hang nam. dac bidt Id trong 3 nam gdn day nhai. Nam 2010 la nam ky mdm 1000 nam Thang Long - Ha Ndi. di tfch lich stt nha tu Hoa Ld da ddn 134.007 luoi khach vdi doanh Ihu la 977,600.0O0d. Din nam 2011, lupng khach tham quan di tich la 143.679 lugt. doanh thu la 1.242.147.000 dtfng. Vd nam 2012 vtta qua, khach tham quan dd'n vdi di tfch Hda Lo tilp tuc tang ldn tdi 194.276 lugt, doanh thu dat 2.709.845.OOOd.
Nhin lai chang ducmg da qua, khflng thl khdng tu hao vdi thanh qua hdm nay. nhung khdng vi the ma chung ta bang long vdi nhung gi dat duoc. Dilu lam cho nhung nha quan iy, can bfl dl tich ttan ttd nhat la tuy stf lugng khach tang, doanh ihu tang nhimg ed din 4/5 khach tham quan la nguoi nudc ngodi, stf luong khach ttong nude de'n vdi di tfeh vdn la con stf ra't khiem ion. Do vay, vide gido due va phat huy gia tri cua di san vSn htfa ntfi chung va di tfch nha tu Hda Ld ndi rieng vdn chi dttng lai d mdt mttc dfl nha't dinh. Bdi vi. cung vdi vide phat huy gia tri di tfch Hda Ld irong Unh vuc phat tnin du lich. di tfch lich su nha tu Hoa Lo cdn mang trong minh mtft cong vide thidng Udng hon Id cdng tae giao due truyin thfl'ng each mang. y chf quat cudng cua thl hd cha dng da khdng tide xuong mau da'u tranh. gianh dtfc lap eho ttf qutfc.
Va nhu vay, vide phat huy gid tri di san van boa cua di tfch nha ttt Hda Lo vdn edn duge tilp tue nghidn cttu sau hon. vd vide da dang hoa hon nua eac hoat dtfng tuydn truyin va giao due vdn cdn duge duy tri va phat triln vl ca nfli dung ldn hinh thttc. Vdi qua trinh htfi nhap kinh le qud'c te ngdy cang nhanh va manh.
di tfch lich stt nhd tu Hoa Ld ngay edng hdp ddn khdch ddng hon. ngdy cdng phat huy dupc lilm nang vd gia tti vd gid dn chtta bdn trong, Ihitfl nghi. trong thdi gian tdi. Ban Quan I^ di tfch Nha ttt Hda Ld cdn cd ktf hoaeh ltf chife cde cutfe tpa dam, htfi thao, phdng vin sau cac nha ehuydn mtfn, eac chuydn gia, giao vidn cac irudng dai hpc, cao ddng, edc irudng trung hoc phtf thdng, trung hoe co sd. lilu hge. khdch nudc ngodi vl edc ehinh sdeh, dinh hudng, ti'nh hdp ddn, hoat dflng gido due, hoat ddng marketing, quang bd di tfeh. cae hoat ddng dich vu (dtfn litfp khach, qudy luu mdm. da phdm..,), eac quy ehtf. quy dmh eua di tfch vft vide phuc vu khach tham quan.
Ngodi ra. dl ndm bdt dupe thuc l l vl nhu cdu va mong mutfn eua khdch tham quan, cin ltf chttc mfll chuong ttinh nghidn cihi, danh gia khdch tham quan va khdch tham quan danh gid di tfch thflng qua cdc cudc dilu tra, phong vHa cae dtfi tugng khaeh tham quan ttong nudc vJ qutfc ll. hge sinh. sinh vien, giao vidn cac trudng phtf thtfng, eao ddng, dai hpe, edc cdng ty du lich, Ift hanh ttong nudc va qutfe tl. Trfin CO sd do. Ban Quan ly Di tfch Nha tu Hda Ld se ctf dupe eai nhin loan eanh vl mong mutfn, n^
cdu eua khach tham quan. vl ly do hidn nay khdch trong nudc chua that su quan tam d di tfeh lich su nha tu Hoa Ltf.
Ctf rdt nhilu cau hdi dupc dat ra va cdn IJri giai dap: lam thl ndo dl mfli nam du khdch ^ noi day nhilu hon, lam thtf ndo dl mtfi qgl Vidt Nam mong mutfn dupe dtfn tham quan Hda Ld nhilu hon. lam thtf nao dl di tfch Ijch stt nhd tu Hoa Ld la dilm din khflng thl thiS^u dupc cua mtfi du khdch ttong va ngoai nudc||^
din tham quan Ha Ntfi? D l ed cau tta ldi ngay la dilu khdng dd. T\iy nhidn vdi nhftng gi da lam dupc, chdc chdn ttong thdi gian tdi, Bpi Quan ly Di tfch nhd ltt Hda Ld se liep tuc fli dupe nhung edeh lam hay, bidu qua, dl di tifi lieh stt nhd lu Hda Ld ngdy eang phat bujldircK gia tn vfl gia cua di san van htfa ctf mfll khflng hai cua thu dfl Ha Nfli •
Hd Ntfi, thdng 2 nam 201 N.TB.T
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