Giam ngheo ben vutig d H a G i a n g
H
• a Giang la tinh vimg cao bidn gidi phia Bic ed tdng didn tich tu nhidn la 7.914,88 km^, . dia hinh phiic tap bi chia cit va ed do ddc ldn vdi nhidu day niii cao. Toan tinh gdm 1 thanh phd, 10 huyen vdi 195 xa, phudng, thi trin (cd 6/61 huyen ngheo theo Nghi Quydt 30a ciia Chinh phii).Dan sd hien cd trdn 74 van ngudi, vdi 22 dan tdc anh em cimg sinh sdng, trong do dan tdc Mdng ebidm 31,8%, Tay 23,3%, Dao 15,1%, Kinh 13,4%, Niing 9,7%)... Trong nhiing nam qua, kinh te - xa hdi eua tinh lidn tuc phat tridn vdi tdc dp tang trudng binh quan trdn 11%; ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eua dai bd phan nhan dan, dae biet la eua ddng bao viing sau, vimg xa, dan tdc thidu sd duge cai thien va nang eao rd ret; Chuong trinh giam ngheo - giai quyet vide lam giai doan 2006 - 2010 duge td chiie thue hien cd hieu qua; ty Id hd ngheo da giam tu 51,05%
cuoi nam 2005 xudng edn 15,12%) vao cudi nam 2010 (theo chuin ngheo giai doan 2006 - 2010).
Kd thira kdt qua da dat duge va nhiing bai hgc kinh nghiem cua cdng tac XDGN giai doan 2001 2005, tinh Ha Giang da ban hanh chuong trinh giam ngheo va giai quydt vide lam giai doan 2006 - 2010 vdi muc tidu chung la xa hdi hda cdng tac giam ngheo va giai quydt vide lam. Tridn khai thue hien ddng bd va hieu qua Nghi quydt 30a/2008/NQ- CP ngay 27/12/2008 cua Chinh phu vd Chuong trinh giam ngheo nhanh va bdn viing vdi 61 huyen ngheo;
Quydt dinh 167/2008/QD-TTg ngay 12/12/2008 eua Thu tudng Chinh phii vd chinh sach hd trg hd ngheo vd nha d; ldng ghep eae chuong trinh du an ciia TW va dia phuong eho XDGN. Ngoai ra dd diy nhanh tdc dp giam ngheo, tinh da xay dimg phuang an giam ngheo nhanh va ben virng ddi vdi 35 xa ed
Vu Van Hong Ci4c truang CIAC Thong ke Hd Giang
ty Id ngheo tren 50%, pban edng cac nganh, doan the, doanh nghiep do dau giiip do cac xa cd ty le hd ngheo cao trien khai thue hien xay dung co sd chinh tri vung manh toan didn va phat trien kinh td - xa hdi, xda ddi giam ngheo. Trong 5 nam (2006 2010) da ed 142.612 lugt hd ngheo duge vay vdn lai suat uu dai tir Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi vdi tdng sd tien vay 1.363 ty ddng; tap huan ky thuat san xuat ndng lam nghiep cho 253.785 lugt ngudi, trien khai 192 md hinh khuyen ndng; hd trg khai hoang rudng bac thang, nuong xdp da, chuyen nuong thanh rudng eho 8.717 hd duge 1.298 ha; hd trg xay 7.543 bd nude; ho trg xda nha tam cho 25.048 hd ngheo;
md cac ldp day nghe ngan han cho 54.257 lao ddng ndng thdn....
Cd thd khang dinh, vdi cac chuong trinh, du an hd trg cho ngudi ngheo thudc chuong trinh XDGN duge ldng ghep vdi chuong trinh giai quydt vide lam va cac chuong trinh phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi trdn dia ban tinh Ha Giang 5 nam qua da lam thay ddi to ldn ddi sdng eua ngudi dan; cai thien kha nang tiep can eua ngudi ngheo ddi vdi cac dich vu san xuit, djch vu xa hdi eo ban; nhan thue, nang luc, trach nhiem vd XDGN duge nang cao; tao duge phong trao XDGN sau rdng tren dia ban toan tinh va ed nhiing bude dot pha quan trpng. Nhidu md hinh XDGN hieu qua da xuat hien duge dd eao va nhan rdng trdn dia ban toan tinh, didn hinh nhu: Md hinh
"Be nude, mai nha, con bd"; md hinh "ba son" eua ddng bao viing cao; phong trao thue hanh tidt kiem chi tidu dd xay dung quy XDGN cua cac eo quan don vi va ca nhan; phong trao eho bd me di d, nudi de bd dd; hd trg de sinh san; ebuydn ddi didn tich dit xiu sang trdng ed chan nudi... Cdng tac XDGN hing
C O N C ® 15 <^
0 9 / 2 0 1 1 O V K I | N
KINH T^ - XA HOL
bude thue hien theo hudng xa hdi boa, da khai thac va huy ddng duge tdi da ngudn ndi luc, siie dan cho vide xay dung cac cdng trinh co sd ha tang va cae cdng trinh phuc vu dan sinh. Kdt qua da gdp phan lam eho sd ngudi ngheo duge thu hudng thanh qua kinh td - xa hdi ngay cang nhidu, ddi sdng nhan dan khdng ngimg duge cai thien, cimg cd niem tin eua ddng bao cac dan tdc ddi vdi Dang, Nha nude.
Tuy nhidn, ddn nay Ha Giang van la mdt trong nhiing tinh ngheo nhat eua ea nude, thu ngan sach hang nam ciia tinh chi dam bao duge trdn 15% tdng chi, phan cdn lai phai do ngan saeh Trung uong hd trg ndn vide dau tu, thue hien eae chuong trinh xda ddi, giam ngheo trdn dia ban tinh gap rat nhidu khd khan; trinh dp dan tri cdn han chd, ndn vide tidp thu, ling dung cac tien bd Idioa hgc ky thuat vao san xuat gap nhidu khd khan, phan ddng ngudi ngheo la ngudi dan tdc thidu sd cdn tdn tai tu tudng, ndp sdng lac hau, thidu y chi phan dau vuan ldn, bang long vdi cudc sdng hien tai... Dd la nhung nguyen nhan lam eho thanh tuu XDGN thidu ben viing, tiem an nguy eo tai ngheo cao.
Theo kdt qua Tdng didu tra hd ngheo nam 2010 (theo chuan nam 2010), ty le hd ngheo toan tinh la 41,8%o; ty Id hd thudc didn can ngheo la 14,02%).
Trong 10 huyen thi ed tdi 6 huyen cd ty Id hd ngheo tir 50% trd ldn; trong do cao nhat la Ddng Van vdi 70,15%. Cac huyen va cae xa ed ty Id hd ddi ngheo cao ddu tap trung d 4 huyen vimg eao niii da phia Bac (Ddng van, Meo Vac, Ydn Minh, Quan Ba) va 2 huyen phia tay (Hoang Su Phi, Sin Man) cua tinh.
Danh gia nguydn nhan ngheo, ed 61,55% sd hd ngheo do thidu vdn san xuat, tuy nhien lai khdng dam vay vdn, vi vay khdng bidt dd lam gi, sg vay khdng tra duge, tham chi khi duge ddng vidn, hd trg eho vay thi vay vd dd cat trii, ddn ban hg lai mang tra diing nhiing ddng tidn da nhan khi vay. 18,43%
sd hg ngheo do thidu dit san xuit, tap trung chii ydu
d cae huyen vimg cao (Dong Van, Meo Vac, Ydn Minh, Quan Ba). Tuy Ha Giang la tinh cd mat dp dan sd trung binh thip, 93 ngudi/lan^, song dien tich dat canh tac ndng nghiep lai khdng cao, do chu ydu la dat ddi niii cd do ddc ldn, dae biet ddi vdi cac huyen viing eao niii da, didn tich dat canh tac dau ngudi chi dat tir 0,3 - 0,35 ha/lao ddng, trong khi he sd sir dung dat chi dat tir 1,0 ddn 1,3 lan/nam va phd bidn duge trdng doe canh, nang suat cay trdng thap.
Ngoai ra, do thidu phuong tien san xuat, thidu lao ddng, ddng ngudi an theo ciing la mdt trong nhiing nguydn nhan co ban dan tdi ddi ngheo. Theo ket qua didu tra, nguydn nhan do thidu phuang tien san xuat la 19,03%, thidu lao ddng la 10,41%, ddng ngudi an theo la 10,82%. Dae biet ddi vdi ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd eua Ha Giang, do nhieu ydu td tac ddng nen ty Id sinh cdn rat cao, binh quan nhan Idiau ciia eae hd la ngudi dan tdc thidu sd dat 5,5 ngudi/hd, nhung thue td nhidu hd thidu lao ddng do nhidu tre em va ngudi gia.
De tao su chuyen bidn manh me trong cdng cudc giam ngheo theo dinh hudng "Gidm ngheo nhanh han, ben vimg hem", phan diu dat muc tidu giam ty Id hp ngheo binh quan mdi nam tren 5% dd ddn nam 2015 giam ty Id hd ngheo xudng dudi 20%, giam thidu sir gia tang bat binh dang vd thu nhap va miie sdng giira cac nhdm dan cu, duy tri thanh qua ciia cdng cudc giam ngheo va han chd tai ngheo, thue hien thanh cdng Chuong trinh giam ngheo nhanh va bdn viing giai doan 2011 2015 trdn dia ban tinh, can tap trung vao mdt sd ndi dung sau:
Mot la, tap trung thiic day tang tnrdng kinh td, kdt hgp chat ehe ehuang trinh XDGN vdi cac ehuang trinh phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi va cac muc tidu phat tridn kinh td -xa hdi dai ban, trung han va hang nam. Thue hien ldng ghep eae chuong trinh, dv an da, dang va se duge trien khai trdn dia ban mpt each Ichoa hgc, hgp ly, tranh chdng cheo, kem
r<^,'
i'^^^^s^l^SSSL
hieu qua; tap tiung va da dang hoa trong viec tao ra cac ngudn luc (Nha nude, td chiic xa hdi, doanh nghiep, hgp tac qudc tg, cdng ddng dan cu va ea hd ddi ngheo). Trong dd phai hdt siic coi trpng vide huy ddng nguon lire tai chd, phat huy tinh tu ehu, sang tao, tir luc, tir cudng ciia nhan dan va hd ddi ngheo.
Hai la, bao dam huy ddng dii ngudn vdn cho sd hd ngheo va sd hd ed nguy co tai ngheo do thieu vdn duge vay vdn, ddng thdi md rpng ddi tugng cho vay duge hudng chinh sach uu dai, nang han miie vdn vay va thdi gian phii hgp vdi ehu ky san xuit kinh doanh. Van dung linh hoat phuang thiic cho vay, vdi thii tuc vay va thu hdi vdn don gian, thuan tien, phii hgp vdi ngudi ngheo, tao didu kien thuan lgi dd tit ca ngudi ngheo cd thd vay duge vdn de dau tu cho san xuat. Kdt hgp giira giai ngan vdn vay vdi cac dich vu khuydn ndng, khuydn lam, cung img gidng, vat tu... dam bao cho hd ngheo sir dung hieu qua ddng vdn va bao toan duge vdn vay.
Ba Id, bdi dudng kien thiic, kinh nghiem san xuat, ehuydn giao img dung tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xuat eho timg ho ngheo dd dam bao cho XDGN bdn vung. Sir dung nhieu hinh thiic phd bidn nang cao kien thirc, phu hgp vdi tung ddi tugng, timg dan tdc;
trang bi kien thiic va ky nang ve ky thuat san xuat, nang cao hieu qua san xuat.
Bon la, uu tien dau tu cac chuong trinh, dir an XDGN vao dia ban ndng thdn, cho cac xa bidn gidi, cae xa dae biet khd khan cd ty le hd ngheo eao, cac edng trinh thidt yeu de tao dieu kien thuan lgi ebo nhan dan phat trien kinh te, dn dinh cudc sdng nhu: Thuy lgi, nude sinh hoat, d i t san xuit, dudng giao thdng, dien.
Ndm la, tang cudng cac boat ddng dam bao dap ling diy dii, kip thdi cac djch vu hd trg san xuit, tidu thu san phim, khuydn ndng, khuyen lam... ddn vdi ngudi ngheo, xa ngheo. Bd sung cac chinh saeh mdi, ddng thdi thirc hien cd hieu qua cac chinh sacb hd trg cho ngudi ngheo ve cae mat hang sinh boat thidt yeu, ve giao due, eham sde siic Idioe ban diu, kham chiia benh...
nhim tang ty Id ngudi ngheo duge thu hudng cac dich vu xa hdi co ban va tung bude nang cao chit lugng eae dich vu.
IWtSo nguon nhan luc
& P h u v e n
g ki Tfnh Phu Yin
P
hli Yen la tinh duyen hai Nam Trung bd, co dien tich tir nhien 5060km-, dan sd trung binh nam 2010 868,5 nghin ngudi, mat do dan sd 155 ngudi/km^;diing thir 29 ve dien tich va thu 43 ve dan sd trong 63 tinh, thanh phd trong ca nude.
Sau 25 nam ddi mdi, Phu Yen da dat duge nhieu thanh tim to ldn trong phat trien kinh te - xa hdi. Kinh te lien tuc tang trudng, tdc dp tang GDP thdi ky 2000 - 2010 la tren 12 %; quy md nen kinh te tang len gap 3 lan; ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia cac tang ldp nhan dan duge cai thien rd ret. GDP binh quan dau ngudi nam 2010 dat 841 USD, trong kiii nam 2000 chi tieu nay mdi la 220 USD.
Song, tinh hinh kinh te - xa hdi ciia Phu Yen van con nhieu khd khan, yeu kem: ket cau ha tang con yeu; ca cau kinh te chuyen dich eham; ddi sdng ciia mot bp phan nhan dan, nhat la ddng bao dan tdc cdn nhieu khd khan. Ty le hd ngheo nam 2010 (theo chuan mdi) con tdi 19,46% va hd can ngheo con 14,28%.
Mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhan quan trpng dua ddn tinh trang tren la ngudn nhan lire cua Phu Yen chua dap img duge yeu cau phat trien kinh te -xa hdi, trong do chat lugng lao ddng thap dang la luc can de Phu Yen khai thac cac tiem nang, the manh vao phat trien kinh t^ - xa hdi.
Hifn trang
Dan sd tir 15 tudi trd len cua toan tinh hien la 633 nghin ngudi, chiem gan 73% dan sd. Trong do, lao ddng dang lam viec la 486,7 nghin ngudi, chidm gin 77% dan sd tu 15 tudi trd len. Nhiing nam gin day, dd day manh cdng tac dao tao nhan luc, tinh da tap trung cung ed, nang cap he thdng cac trudng dao tao ke ca d he trung cap, eao dang va dai hpc. Den cudi nam 2010 toan tinh cd 259 phdng hoc va phdng thi nghiem cua he thdng dao tao, gap 2,3 lan so nam 2005. Giai doan
0 9 / 2 0 1 1
C O N C © fU KIEN
17 ^
