GlifGiN CAC GIA TRI VAN HOA GOC CUA NGUdl DI Ctf
(Triidng hdp cong d o n g Cong giao B a c di cif t a i N a m Bo)
DANG VIET DAT''
Tom tdt: Sau hiep dinh Geneve ndm 1954, ngUcli Cong gido a mgt so'tinh mien Bdc di cU vao Nam sinh song. Viec di cU theo quy mo ldn, di cU theo ldng, di cU cd dong ho tao dieu kien dac biet giup nguin goc Bdc luu giU nhiing gid tri vdn hoa co truyin cua ldng Bac Bo tren viing dat dmh cii mdi.
Bdi uiei tap trung mo td nhimg net vdn hoa ldng, xd vung B6ng bang Bac Bg dd dMc nhiing gido dan Cong gido di cii giQ gin vd phdt trien tren viing ddt mdi.
Tit khoa: Vdn hoa ldng; mo hinh to chUc ldng xd; phiidng thiic iing xit cd nhdn.
Abstract: After the Geneva Agreement in 1954, the Catholics in some northern provinces in Vietnam migrated into the South. Large-scale migration in which the whole village or kinline participated in migration created special conditions for these migrants to preserve their traditional cultural values in the new settlements. This article described northern village cultural values that has been preserved and developed by migrants from the north in the new land.
Keywords: village culture; model of village organization; mode of personal behavior.
Ngdy nhan bdi: 04/3/2015; Ngdy duyet dang bdi: 15/4/2015.
Dan n h a p
Ho Chi Minh da tfing ndi: "Vi le sinh ton cung nhtf muc dich song, loai ngtfdi mdi tao ra va phat minh ra ngdn ngfi, chQ viet, dao dfic, phap Iuat, khoa hoc, ton giao, van hpc, nghe thuat, nhfing cong cu sinh hoat hang ngay ve an, mac, d va cac phtfdng thfic sfi dung. Toan bo nhfing sang tao va phat minh d6 tfic la van hoa. Van hoa la su tong hcip cua moi phfidng thfic sinh hoat cung v6i bieu hien cua no ma loai ngUcJi san sinh ra nh^m thich fing vdi yeu cau ddi so'ng va doi hoi cua sU sinh ton""*. Dinh nghia nay chi cho ta thay van hoa chinh la san pham do con ngudi tao ra trong qua trinh lao dong. NhUng do cung la mot thiet che xa hoi. no se quy dinh nhiing phUdng thiic song, nhiing chuan muc xa hoi va la khuon kho cho moi hoat dong ciia con ngUdi Van hoa dUdc vi nhU
"gidi t u nhien thii hai" cua con ngUdi'^'.
Cac nha nghien ciiu cho rang van hoa CO gen di truyen, ckc gia. tri van hoa cua mot cong dong luon difdc cac thanh vien cua cong dong lUu giii tii ddi nay sang ddi khac. Va nhd vao sU di cU nhiing nhan to' van hoa vdi tU each la nhiing quan he, nhiing thuoc tinh hay nhiing pham chat tmh than se diidc truyen ba tii ndi nay sang ndi khac, do chinh la qua trinh tai tao cac gia tri van hoa cua cgng dong. Bai viet tap trung mo ta hien tUcfng tai san xuat cau tnic cong dong diia tren mo hinh lang xa co truyen vung Bac Bo vdi nhiing
' T h S Hoe vien Chinh tri khu vUc IV Email vietdatdanghv4^gmail com
Ho Chi Mmh (2002), Toan lap. Nxb Chinh tn quoc pa. Ha Xoi. tap 3, tr 431
- Ngfjyen Van Huyen (2006). Vdn htia muc Ueu ua ddng luc cua sii phat tnen xa hoi. \ x b Chi'nh tn quoc r-a tr 18
NHAN LUIC KHOA HOC XAHOI [ Q ]
TfNHlfeUTHXMMYBIigu DAT HINH Affl...
tbudng khdng xuit hidn mdt each tu nhita nhu nd vfo cd trong tb^ gidi khich quan mi nd xuit liifo trong tam hon ciia t i c gia: nang Idn Iam tim h6n thi si trin ngip tim tu, tinh cam kbi nbd v$ ngudi xUa.
4. Egt hian
Nguyfo Binh l i nhi tho nfi danh trong nfo van hoc nUdc nba. Tm bifo tbim ml trong tbo dng xuit hifo rat nhifo: thidn nhidn, ciy cd, con ngudi. Tuy nhifo, hinh a i * nhflng ngudi con gii hien thuc dUdo tic gia de cip dfo chifoi ti Id ldn nhtft tiong cae dfi tuong trong tha dng, tbi hifo au quan tim eua dng ddi vdi dra tuOng die bidt niy.
Cio tin h i ^ th&n ml cung nhu cie bifo thd thim ml bilu d^t ngudi con gai trong tbo Nguyin Binh xutft hifo vdi nhid'u d?ng thUc khac nhau. Moi mdt Iopi tin hi$u thim ml, bifo t h i thSm mi do 1^
mang nhSng sSc thai rifog (jua nhSng lln xuit hi$n. Moi iSn xutft bifo khac nhau, vdi nbflng gii tri khac nhau, nbflng tiJ bi$u thim ml eSng nhu nhflng bifo t h i thim nfl mang dfo cho ngudi d9c nhflng xie cam thim ml khae nhau. Difo niy, t»o ndn tinb da dpig nhung thdhg nhfft trong vi$c tao di^g hmh anh ngudi con gii bmh di dfft Vidt cna nhi tho Nguyfo Binb: Mdt mit, chiing khic hoa du^ hmh anh ngudi con gai Vi$t Nam tiJ v^ dep Unh thi dfo ve dep tim hfo nhu hifo thuin vdi m* cha, chim lo cho din em nhd, ch&n cbi Iam Ivmg.. miit khic, ehung cung the hi$n duoc thai dd, (fob cim cia nhi tho doi vdi ldp doi tuong die bi$t niy.
Qua mdt loat nhflng tin bi$u thim mi ciing nhu cac bifo tbi thim ml da phin tich a trdn, cd thi cho ta thiy each sit dung ttt ngfl cia nhi thfl Nguyfa Binh - nhi tho cua ndng thdn Vidt Nam. Hd thd'ng tin hidu thim mi bilu dat Mnh foh
ngudi eon gii.ftoHg^aio ,81^ khdng xutft hien nudt eitdi dtfttH, mdnhflit m i ngudi con gai trongAs dngxa&hifo vdi khtog gian vi thdi gian v i n hda Vidt. Nghidn ciiu vl tin bidu. thim im trong a a Nguyfo Binh, VI viy, khdng dii thtfy dUdc ve d?p trong nghd thuit aA dung ngfo t a mdt each thuin tiiy m i cfo giiSp cho ngudi doc cam nhin *(de v& via. hda Vidt tbtfm nhuin vio trong Uia dng mdt cich m§c mac song lai rtft dSi tmh te.
QQ llidllL«E KHOA H«CXi Hil
TAI L r | u XHAMKHAO 1. Nguyin Tbily, JJiiMng (2012), M$t sd tin hiiu thdm mi trotig thinh ngB ttfcngB tidng Hdn. Luin vin Thac si, D ^ hoc Khoa hpc xa bdi v i NhSn vin. H i NJi.
2. Tha Nguyin Bfnh (2008), Nxb. Vin hda Thdng tm. H i Ndi.
3. Tha NguySn Binh chon loc (1992), Nxh VSn hpc.
4. naNguyinBmh(2)XI2),t^A.B$^Mm.
^ 5. Bfli Trong Ngoan (2009), K ^ c^re tdc phdm tha ea dddi dnh sdng.e6a hgSn ngB hqc hiln dgi, QL>$ t i i nghidn ,«3IHIMKM hpc ctfp Bd), Di Ning.
^6. Truong Thi Nhin (1995), SytbOu^at bang ngin ngS cdc tin hitu thdm. ml - khing gian trong ca dao, Luin Sn tifo el, Dai hoc Su pham H i N§i.
7. Hoing PhS (chu bidn, 200®^ TiedA tieng Viit, Nxb. Da Ning.
8. Mai Thi Kifo Phuang (2008),. TO, hiiu thdm mS trong ngdn ngB uSn hqc, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa bdi, H i Ndi.
9. Trln Thi Tbii (ZOU), M^t edtin hi^u thdm ml trong tha TdHBu (luin vin thac Bi), H i N0i. •
10. DS Ngoc Tbu (2008), lOido sdt cdc tin hieu thdm mi "mia xudn" ud "trdi tim"
trong tha Xuta Diiu, Luin vin Th»e si D ^ hpe Su pham ThiiNguyto.
GIU"GIN CAC GIA TRI VAN HOA GOC CUA N G l / d l DI CU"
(Tnidng hdp cong d o n g Cong giao B a c di ci< t a i N a m Bo)
DANG VIET DAT'''
Tom tdt: Sau hiep dinh Gejieoe tidm 1954, ngutii Cong gido a mot sotinti miin Bdc di cu vdo Nam sinli sing. Viic di cu theo quy mo ldn, di cu theo lang, di cu ci ddng ho too diiu kien ddc biet giup nguin gdc Bde luu giU nhUng gid tri vdn hda cd' truyin cia ldng Bde Bp Iren vimg dit dinh cU mdi.
Ml vie't tap trung mold nhitng net Kdn hda ldng, xd vung DSng bdng Bdc Bp dd dUac nhOng gido dan Cong gido di cugiUgin vd phdt trien tren vung dd't mdi.
Tu khoa: Vdn hoa lang: mo hinh td'chiic ldng xd: phuang thiic Ung xi cd nhan.
Abstract: After the Geneva Agreement in 1954, the Catholics in some northern provinces in Vietnam migrated into the South. Large-scale migration in which the whole village or kinline participated in migration created special conditions for these migrants to preserve their traditional cultural values in the new settlements. This article described northern village cultural values that ha, been preserved and developed by migrants from the north in the new land
Keywords: village culture: model of village organization: mode of personal behavior.
Hgiiy nhdn bdi: 041312015:Ngay duyet ddng bdi-151412015.
Dan n h a p
^ Ho Chi Minh da titog ndi: "Vi le sinh ton ciing nhu muc dich sdng, loai nguoi mdi tao ra va phat minh r a ngdn ngO, chii net, dao dilc, phap luat, khoa hoc. ton giao, van hpc, nghe thuat, nhiing cong cu sinh hoat hang ngay ve an, mac, 0 va cac phuong thiSc su dung. Toan bo nhiing sang tao va phit minh dd tUc la van hoa. Van bda 14 su to'ng hpp cua mpi phuang thiic sinh boat cung v6i bie'u hien cua no ma ioai ngudi san sinh ra nham thich iing voi .veu cau doi song va doi hoi cua su sinh ton "'. Dinh nghia nay chi cho ta thay van noa chinh la san pham do con nguoi tao ra trong qua trinh lao dpng. Xhung do cUng la mot thiet che xa hoi. no se quy dinh nhiing phuong thiic song, nhiing chuan muc xa hoi va la khuon kho cho moi hoat dpng cua con ngUoi. Van hoa dudc vi nhu
•'gidi tu nhien thU hai" ciia con ngudi®.
Cac n h a nghien ciiu cho r i n g van boa CO gen lii truyin, cac gia tri van hda ciia mpt cpng dong luon dupc cac thanh vien cua cpng dong luu gifl tU ddi nay sang ddi khac. Va nhd vao su di cU nhiing nhan to' van hoa vdi tu each la nhiing quan he, nhflng thupc tinh hay nhflng pham cha't t m h thSn se dupc truye'n ba til nfli nay sang noi khac, do chinh la qua trinh tai tao cac gia tri van hoa cua cpng dong. Bai riet tap trung mo ta hien tupng tai san xua't cau tnic cpng ddng dUa tren mo h m h lang xa co truye'n viing BSc Bo vdi nhflng
•' ThS Hoc vien Chinh tri khu vuc IV , .'i^LT'.^f',''="B''^'«gmail com.
gia, tr 18 Lhinh tn que
NHAN LUt KHO* HOC XiHOl
m
G I P GJN CAC GlA TRI VAN HOA G 6 C . *
m£a quan hd t h i n too cua cdng d i n g n g j ^ Cdng giao goc B i c di cu vao Nam nbflng n i m 1954.
1. Stf t i i h i e n m o h i n h l i n g x a co t r u y l n v u n g B a c B o t r o n g ctfu t r i i c c d n g d o n g m d i c u a ngudfi C d n g g i i o gd'c B a c di ctf
Tii nbid'u t h i p ky qua, ngudi Vidt Nam quen dfo vdi he thdhg h a n b cbinh bfo ctfp bao gim: trung uong - tJnb - huyen - xa v i dudi x i I i thdn. Vdi hd t h & g b i n h cbinh bfo cap n i y ngudi Viet vdi t u each la cdng dfo quan b$ vdi cbinh quyfo ctfp xa, huydn, tmh hay cap trung uong de giai quydt cac cfog vi|c Kto quan dfo cic Enh vUc cua ddi s & g x i hdi. Trong eic quan hd n i y , ngudi ta khdng cdn thffy bdng dfog cua L i n g Vi^t,
"Cbo den ngiy nay, mdt bd p h i n chitfm ty Id ldn trong t h i n h phfo d f o cu cua Yiit Nam smh ra khi lang khdng cdn I i mdt thuc t h i ngay ca ten goi, dia gidi, c m b quan cua l i n g eung bj nhat nhda"'*.
Mic du viy, ldng vJn ludn I i khai nipm quen thudc vdi mpi ngudi con dfft Vidt khdng k l Bic, Trung bay Nam. Dii t r i i qua cac bieh cd' Iich sit ' l i n g v l u dupc gifl vflng, phuc hii, t i i l i p trdn k h i p Dfog bing Sdng Hfog r i i tai smh trdn d& dtft midn Trung v i D i n g b i n g sdng Cfiu W « Viy, d i u I i n h i n t^r khifo cbo ltog Vidt cd sUc sfog trufog ton dfo the^
Do chinh la v t o hda ling, tam Iy I t o g duoc hhih t h i n h v i vun d i p ttt t h i he nay sang the hd khac. Chmh v i n hda l t o g I i hdng sd gmp cho Ifog duac gifl vflng va phat t r i l n c t o g vdi nhflng t h t o g t r i m cita hch s i
Sau hidp dinh Gendve n i m 1954 q u i trmh dl cu cua nhflng ngudi Cdng giio mien Bac vao mid'n Nam difo r a p h i n ldn tren quy md tap t r u n g theo tttng Iang hoic dl cu theo c i dong hp dd'n dinh cu d m^t vung hoang vu m d i Chnib dilu n i y tao i f o kifo t h u i n Ipi cho ngudi di cU tSi O Q NHAN IUC KHOA HOC X I Hfii
t h i ^ J?i,odng ^ a g cu ted mdi theo md htoh I t o g xa c# t r u y l n trudc day cua hp.
B f o e^nh dd, c t o g vdi y f o td' v i n bda l t o g a n s i u trong tttng suy nghi, ntfp sdiig cua nbflng ngudi con g & B i c t h i trong qua trtnh Iy buang, * i h ou trdn vung dfft mdi ngudi t a bude p h a i o6 chifo ht</e phdng vd.
VI viy, vi^c tai t h i a md hinh l i n g xa mffi ciing cbinh I i . q u i t r i n b k l t h i a nhflng d i e t r u n g ctfu trjici Iang xa co t r u y f o eua ngudi Vi^t viing Bac Bp. D i l u n i y duoc the hipn trdu mdt sff ndt chlnh n h u sRu:
1.1. Hinh thiit: to chOe ling xa iheo md hinh qudn ci£ curt ede dbng hQ.
Ddi vdi n h i l u ngudi Vidt Nam thi l t o g I i mdt gia d m h I f o n h U n g c i J n g l i m § t x i hdi t h u nhd, cbo n f o nd c^ nhflng die trUng ridng cda minh. ' l t o g l i i ^ t t l b i o sffng cua xa hpi Vidt Nam, I i s i n p h i m t « nhidn tifft r a ttt q u i t r t n h dmh cu v i cdn^
cu cda ngudi V i | t t r f o g trpt?"». L i n ^ A i h t h i n h trdn hai nguydn If. cttng cdi n g u l n va ciing e h l d. Chlnh vi le dd m i iij™ cdn dupc coi la mdt " t l hop ddng ho"<». Trdn thuc t i c a c Iang vung B i c Bd l i sy q u i i t,^
cua ddng ho, ngudi d t o t r o n g ' f t n g dS p h i n cd mffi quan h ? hp h i n g , quan h$
buyd't thffng vdi n h a u .
Cfog d i n g Cdng giio gffc B i c sau kbi di cu v i o Nam n i m 1954 cd xu h u t o g ChUng la cu t n i theo tttng nhdm dong hp. Cdng trtnh nghidn cflu d i a t i c gia Nguyin Dflc Lpc cho thffy l t o g 3 Hff Nai (Dfog Nai) v i Cai S i n ( C i n Thd) l i nai q u i n cU c i a m?t sd ddng hp Idn cua mdt sff tinh mifo B i e
" ' N g u y i n Thanh (2010), Nlt^n di(n vdn hda tin,
™ Phjn Did Doan e004), M£, vSn dt vi vdn hda On.
'"l:tneVinCI«mB0!llOD,XSi4ih,ciitngthdn Nxb D 9 i h ? c Q u a : p a H « N « i , t r . a 3 2 . « ™ " . m b .
» T&g VSn Chune eOOlJ, AS A<8 * ^ , « , « « y ^ g ^ ^
DANG VIET DAT M l ^ ' b t o smfa sfog
^ ^ h p Dinb cd n g u f o j f e A i t e i ^ i ^ ^ f c P b u - T b i i Binh.
P M r M ^ i l % ^ < ' t o ^ M vdi cude sffng
^ J O ^ a » # b f o ! % I f o gia toh I i don vi g» hdi d l tifo h i n h t a i s i n xutft ddi sffng
| B B t^A vk gdp p h f o tai san xutft ddi ifeg m W (hi ddng bo ngudi Vidt d D i n g irtng Bic B§ l i mdt t l ehflc xa hpi""', nd ijuy foih vi tri va vai trd cua mm ca n h f o
^ g thdi cac c i n h t o la t h i n h vien eua d S ^ hp cd t h i xa t h t o vi danh du, vi vi
#l£cua cdng dong huyet tdc nay.
M i t khac, vi dieu kifo I i ngudi di ai xm ^ da pbai dflt bd t l iadn, m l ma cha tog d l l i p nghiep d vung dtft mdi. C t o g
««i dd li: iinh U n h c U f o t r a n h keo dai B ? ^ vdi dilu Mfo Mnh tff khd k h t a cua M i I ^ h i u chifo v i tbdi ky kinb tff bao cfr.khifoi vide <a I ^ c4a n h t o d f o hai laifa g i p t a h ^ U kbd k h t o , d i l u n i y mdt i M n lim "dflt d o p i " c i c mdi quan b e bp
^ rfa nhflng i^judi ly huang. Mac du Hy, ¥ fe v l t l tidn, v l ddng ho ludn s i u
% B t a a g t i m tri nhflng ngudi di xa, vi
"•y, B|^y sau khi cd d i l u kifo, nhflng
^ ho Ifo ifi'ed h i n h dfog tich cue d l mi mh q u i kbfl, tao dung Iai truyfo tJifog cua ddng hp t l tidn". Theo t i e gia N g i ^ l n bflc Lde t h i nhflng ngudi Cdng
^ o B l e di eu bifo dang smh sd'ng tai Hff Nai g ) l n g Nai) v i Cii S i n (Can Thd), ttt tA&m n i m 90 d i b i t d i u suu t i m v i vifft 1 ^ gia p h i eua hp tdc. "Mdt v i i hp tdc may m l n truy tun dupc gdc g i c to tien n h i l u ddi nhung da p h t o Iich sd tdc ho v i to tidn sihflng ngudi Cdng giao B i c di cU tai dia
* i n t i c gia khao s i t d i u dupc vifft lai vdi v i ^ x i e dinh vi t l cua ddng bp l i ngudi dflng d i u hp tdc trong cudc di cU tfl mifo B l e v i o miln Nam n i m 1964"'".
Khdng cbi phuc dung lai gia pha bp tdc m i n g i y nay cic ctog d i n g Cdng giao B l e di cu ixog ed xu budng Udn k i t cic tdc bp
tbmtn rfPr-
t h t o h edng dfog hdn t«c bo. -Viec t h i n h l i p CW t l cbflc h e n tde hp mdt p h i n phan a n h n h u c i u h f o kfft trong cude song cna ngudi di cU n h u n g m a t k h i c nd p h a n i n h v a n hda cdng dfog I t o g xa v t o g B i c Bd ta sau trong t i l m thflc, loi sffng cvia nhflng agudi con gdc Bic. Dd cbinh l i v t o bda t M cung to tifo, t b i bifo ldng hiffu kinb dm vffi t h e he nbflng ngudi d i cd cdng sinh t h a n h nudi duong mmh. Cd the nffi, nhflng h i n h ddng n i y da b i l u hifo cho q u i trinh phuc b i i g i i tri, quan niem v t o hda t r u y l n tbffng trong ca ctfu ho tdc cua n g u S di cu gdc Bic.
1.2. Td chOc dia ban cii trU theo mS hinh tie tri cua tdng Bdc BS
^ Mdt trong nbflng d i e dilm cua md binh t l chflc l i n g cua ngudi Gdng giao B l e dl cu v i o Nam I i vide t l chflc dia b t o cu t r u theo md h i n b t u tri oua I t o g Bac Bd. Dfi vffi nhflng ngudi d f o v i n g D i n g b i n g chau t h i Sdng Hfog trude d i y thh "Ltog xa la mdt cdng dfog t u quan, l t o g x i giii quylt cic t r a n h c h i p cua cac t h i n h vidn trong cdng dfog, ap dung t h u l cua n h i nudc len cic t h i n h vidn n i y . Nha nudc khdng thuang luang vffi cac cdng d t o m i l i vdi l i n g xa v i I t o g xa mdt khi d i I i m trdn nghia vu ddi vffi N h i nudc tbi cd quyfo quan IJ Isii chmh nflnh tbeo phuong thflc t u tri"». Tinh t u tri, t u q u t o la m§t d ^ trung cua cfog d i n g liiig ngudi Vi$t vdng B i c Bd. Vffi t h t o p h f o cila nhflng nguffi ly huang, dinh cu tren v t o g dfft mdi, d i j i a o ton nhflng giS tri vfa hda truyfo thffng v i xoa dju noi dau rffi xa qud cfi, ngay ttt n h t o g n g i y d i u dffn dinh CU,
^ « » t e » a « f c « i n M n , sS:t,.3a • * *
"lUllIWiiaiittiigcMiH^i
GIO GIN CAc GlA TRI VAN H 6 A G6C...
nbflng giao dto Cdng giao miln Bic d l lua chpn cbiln lupc flng xfi la pbong vp vi khdp kin. "Chifo luoc flng xfi niy da gdp phfo vao qui trinh tii sto xutft ctfu trflc ctag dfog ling xi truyen thong cna nguffi Cdng giao Ble di cu trfo vflng dtft Nam Bd, thdng qua sU ctfu kfft cfog dfog, gifl gto eie gia tri vfa bda, phong tuc' tip qufo CO truyfo mi hp mang theo ttt vung
Dfog bing Ble Bd-», difo nay tao dilu ._^ ___ _
^"•^^Ca-^'oohBchMinKttttrildngxacdtru^od^^tdehtlctdcxtid^'
'.•onggiao cua ngiM Bac tii ciP^> ' "
ki&i eho vilteduy W s« lito ^ xS h?i. Vi viy, md btoh tet tii oSia ling xi truyln th&g vtog Ble BS * ^ nguffi dto tii thifft 1^ dl vin hink en^c sffng cdng ding trdn mifo diBt mffi. Khi md ta ci'u trflc t l chflc oac xfl; dtio cua ngadi Cdng giio Bid di cu, tic gii Nguy&i Dfle Lde chi ra ring md htoh t l cbflc niy l i su md phdng th»d ca cffu td chflc hinh chfab- tu trj ling xi,cl truyfo vtog Ble t ^ .
So dl t l chflc ling xa
Su tai thifft cffu true cfog dfog tbeo md hmh Itog xi truyln thdiig cd y nghia quan trpng vffi nguffi xa qud bdi nd kbdng cbi gmp nhflng nguffi Iy huong xoa diu nii dau cua nhflng nguffi pbai ttt bd ling xdm que huong mi cdn giup nhflng nguffi niy gto bd, doto kfft ntog dd nhau trong cudc song nm dtft khach qud nguffi. Chmh vi>
nghia to Ita dd mi t l cbflc ctog dfog mffi BB NMN LIfC KHOA HOCXA Ml
khdng cU dupc thifft l i p theo md htoh t r u y l n thffng quen tbudc m i nhflng nguffi di cu mang theo ca c i c t f o gui cu cua cdng
™ Neuyfa DijB IA. (2013), CO, htnh ^d hdi eXn.
ding 06,10 gido B&dicumt Kom B(, tit kM £ l f9ngddngd4hkiehthudi:ednMn,S^a47
«» Nguyin Dlia Mc (1013). Ciu htnh 'xd hdi C6n„
ednBdingdekhtchtlumfiinhd,, sSaJ " *
DANG V I # r D ^ T
^ l ^ y nay khi ^ <^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^P f^i^uig ddng tm do cdng giao di cii nhif Ho Nai, (Ha Ei^m, Cai San, chung ta se t h a y ten g ^ cac giao xQ tUdng iJCng vdi t€n cac Ikng g6c thupc v u i ^ d6ng b ^ g B^c Bo nhif:
Ngpc D6ng, Ke Sat, Lai On, Ngo Xa". Cac giao dan d day khi gap nhau ludn d a t cau hoi "Anh chi thuoc giao xii nao?" v6i ngu y
&n hieu thong tin.ve que gdc cua ho neti dgtB^c. .
^ 2. V a n j ^ o a ^ n g AxtpG liiu g i e t r o n g lAtftmg;vj;b#jibigxvr c u a c a n h S n B VtoJaSafdU^c rai nhil "gi& tii nhien Uiii 1 ^ cua eon ngifdi. No tao r a khuSn mfiu H ma ngiibi s6ng vk hoat ddng. Trong e a p e s ^ . d c i i thifSng khong n k y ai d l y xem B^nh hanh dOng vk cif xt( theo quan dilm 1 ^ h6a n^o hay noi each khac la nffM ta i t khi phai d^t cfiu hoi b a n sic vfln h6a ddn tfic minh la gi? Noi theo quan dilm oua tnicmg phai clfu t n i c lu&n tiu:
"ma .jigU& cfl sfing trong v^ s^ng bAng hkn sfic vfin h6a d§n tdc minh nhil ferong
^ a ^ t h e g i d i tiJt nhidn cd sfin, chijt khdng ai . « ^ r S i ^ cai ban sfic vfin hda fiy cii mdi n ^ 1 ^ thain sau vko tam 1^, y thiic va quy dinh moi h&nh vi cua minh". Ndi nhil n h i nghien ciiu D. P. Schafer thi "Ngudi ta khdng the di rSit xa trSn con dudng tinh nhMu ve mS. khdng gfip n h u c^u ve ban
^ dd ^ nin tang cua toan bd sil t^n tai cfia con ngifdi""'^. Vi the, ngifdi ta cd the thay d^i ho&n canh sdn^, thay d& ndi cu tru nhUi^ It ai cd the t h a y d& dUdc ban sac vfin hda gdc cua minh.
NhOi^ ngudi con gdc Bfic sau khi di cu vko Nam vSn ludn Iifu giQ trong minh lm s & a each ^Dg xit cua mot cdng dan IlUig vdi dfic trung riSng bift m^ khi tiep r u e ai citog cd t h i n h ^ r a dd l i "vfin hda l ^ g Bfic 30". Dilu nay dvhjo thi hidn trong mot s^Tkhia c^inh n h u sau:
2.1. mhm^ h4ih^ th&nhphe, nhom
Ve tanh each, ngudi nong dan iang xa Bac B6 r a t thich hdi hop t h a n h phe, nhdm.
Theo K e r r e Gourou "N^t d^g chii y n h g t trong (tei sdng xa hoi cua iang Bfic k$ la xu hudng cua ngUdi ndng dan mucoi hop t h a n h phe, nhom. Ta da thgfy nhfing to chiic d thdn, xdm, giap. Nhifng cung cdn nhflng to chiie khac niia...""^ IVuyen t h ^ g dd t h a m nhaip v^o moi h a n h vi ca nhSn, a n sau trong tiem thuic cua cdng ddng. Vi vfiy, khi dinh cu trdn vung dat mdi nhfing cdng dan iang v ^ ludn tao lap va tham gia iSch cue vao cac nhdm, cac td' chiic n h i t gidi eao nidn, gidi gia tnfdng, gidi h i l n m l u , gidi tre, gidi thieii nhi... N h u vgiy, mdt giao din trong giao xii tfi nhd cho tdi khi tarUdng t h a n h va llie cao tu^i ludn tham gia it nhSt mot to chiie va chiu sU quan I^ cua t^ diiic do, Nhfing t h a n h vidn khdng t h a m gia vao b a i ki hdi doan nko se khdng nh|tn dUdc s\f tdn trong n h u nhfing ngUdi tham gia nhieu hdi dofin. Chinh dieu nay t ^ ^filu kidn d l cac t h a n h vidn trong cpng dSng duy tri nhfing mdi lidn hd xa hdi va bao lUu cac gia tri vfin hda t r u y l n thfimg. Dfiy cung chinh lfi each thiic d l chi p h ^ cae quan hd xa hdi eua cae t h a n h vidn tarong edng dong. Bdi: "Trong Ifing xa Vidt Nam t r u y l n thdng, ea n h a n bi gin ch^t vfio ed:^ dong xdm Ifing. Trong Ifing?-ca n h k n bi tap t h i hap t h u vfi bi t r u y l n t h ^ i g linh thieng thong tri. Dilu nfiy t h a m nh|ip vfio moi hfinh vi ca nhfin, bao gom cfic c h u y ^ CO lidn quan d i n gia dinh vfi t^ fim cua cfi nhfin. Nd xac dinh bUdc chfin trdn eon , dudng di cua cudc ddL Nd kim hfim vfi chi ' phdi ca nhfin nhUng d i n g thdi c u i ^ y i m trd ca nhfin, rfing budc ea nhfin vfio nhiing cfi n h a n khac nhU chinh minh, bao vd ca
"* Mai Vfin Hai, Mai Ki6m, (2009), 3^ hdi h^ vdn hoa, Nxb. D§i hoc Quoc gia Hk N§i, tr.216.
" ^ Nguyin Diic L^c (2013), C^u hink xa hoi, c6ng Amg c8ng gido Bac di cU tai Nam Bg, tit kich tfui&c cgng dong den kich thUdc cd nhan, Sdd, tr.62.
NHAN Lire KHOA KpCXAHdl Q Q
G i g GJN CAC GlA TRI VAN HOA G 6 C . . .
nhan va dat c i n b a n dudi su c h i m sdc va tbffluctltien"'"'.
2.2. Tinh coi trong oa tudn thu thii bac Mdt v i n d l CO ban trong ddi sffng cdng ddng m i moi ca n b a n deu coi trong va t u i n thu mdt each nghiem n g i t dd chinb I i cac thfl bic, vi tri cua c i n h a n trong ling.
Trong cae vung Cdng giio B i c di cu, ngudi d i n bau r a bdi ding giao xfl, bdi d i n g n i y duoc coi 14 gidi t m h hoa cua cdng ding.
Mac dfl lihdng n i m trong he tbdng h i n h chtoh cika giao bdi Cdng giao nhung d i y l i t l chflc cd vai trd quan trong, cd quy trinh b l u cfl r i t c h i t che, d i n g thM nhflng ngUdi duOc b i u chon se dudc ca cdng ding tdn trong. Theo t i c gia Nguydn Dflc Lde, "md btoh t l chflc cac giio itfl Cdng giao cua ngudi Bic di CU l i md hlnh t i p trung quyln Iflc gia trU&ig v i nhflng giio d i n trong hdi ding muc vu giao xfl l i nhflng ngudi dUdc giio dan trong cdng d i n g vi nl'*"". flic (film nay khdng Idiac n h i l u so vdi cdng dong truyln thffng Bic Bo. Bdi vdi nbflng ngudi ndng dan vflng n i y thi viec cd vi tri nhi't dinh trong l i n g la dieu vd cung quan trong 'Mdt v i h d l m i ngudi trong lang cbo l i quan trpng nhi't l i vah d l ngdi thfl, khi ling hop i dtoh d l b i n vide cdng hay d l an cl sau kbi t i t h i n , thi ngucii n i o p h i i theo ngdl i y m i ngm, nffu ngoi sai thfl tU thi lang bit va...."^^.
Ben canh dd, nhflng giao d i n n i y cimg p h i n bidt vi thff, quyfo luc giQa ngudi n i y vdi ngucii kbac dua tren tieu cbi la "nhflng ngucli dinh cu trudc" va "nhflng ngudi dtah cu moi". "Nbflng ngudi tdi trudc xac l i p vi tri l i dan chmh cu cfla edng ding, nhflng ngudi tdi sau hi coi l i dan l i n g mdi"""
Bay l i net tinh each dSic t h u c i a cu d i n ndng thdn vflng D i n g b i n g Bic Bd. Dilu do the bidn, nhflng ngudi di cu da mang theo mtoh tam tinh tdc ngudi va v i n hda
<Jia phUdng v i o vflng dfft mdi. Dieu n i y cung ri't r l hieu bdi ca n h a n trong xa bdi
ndng tbdn l i mpt t l i i n h vMn ciia l i n g , tfl khi lot long da s & g trong bSu khdng khi Itoig, van hda l i n g x i d i c&n dS i n s i u trong tflng nffp a^O, c i e h s & g cua ho.
2.3. Sit: pkdn bilt <Un chinh cie ud ddn ngtieu
Vdi nhflng a g u K ndng d i n M c Bd, L i n g khdng chi l i d a n vi t u eU m i cdn l i cdng dong vdi nhieu Aflc n i n g ridng bijt.
"Dan Iang thttdng chia r a h a i b?ng: n§i tich v i n g o ^ tich. Chi d i n n^i tich mdi o6 cac q u y l n lai d i n d i h h d trong l i n g , cd t h i ganh vac vide cdng v i duOc cMa cdng 4i&j cdng thd""®. 0 i y chlnh I i net d i e thfl cfia n l n v i n hda ndng nghidp,. Vi|c p h i u bidt d i n chinh cu v i d i n ngu cu l i cO c h i v i n hda g i n kfft ca n h i n vdi cdng d i n g n h i m duy tri su I n dinh tuong dSi eho s a p b i t t r i l n cua cdng d i n g .
Cd cbe v i n hda n i y tidp tue du^c nhflng giio dan Cdng giio gffc B i c duy tii. b i n g viec t h i n h l i p e i e so h i n b chtoh oua giio xfl. Sd h i n h chi'nh n i y s8 duac luu gifl ttt ddi n i y sang ddi k h a c v i chi nhflng nguM cd ten trong s l n i y mdi duOc huSng nhflng d i e quyln, d i e i n ena giao xfl n h u dU9c t l chflc ma chay, cudi hoi, duoc l i n h n h i n d i y du cic bl tieb tdn giao"».
N h u viy, di eu l i mdt su b i l n d l i trong eudc deli cua ngucli Cdng giio gffc Bid, vdi tam tr^ng bo vo, lac long v i mfft dinh hudng, ngay tfl nhflng n g i y d i u nhiJng
BQ NHiN lUE KHOA Hgc X A H S I
"siltlZ^ "^'""^ '^"' ^ **" *<" "*« "^».
™ Nguyin Dfio U/e (2013), Cau htnh xd hS cdnr dong cdng gidc BOc di cU lai Nam Bf, tii kich ttaS cfng ddng dgn kich thudc cd nhdn. Sdd, tr 58
™ Dio Duy Anh (2000), Viit Nnm vdn luia si eUdnt, Nxb. v a n h6a-Thdng tin, tr.l52. •<"mi,g,
»•'_. Nguyin Dflc L?€ (2013), du htnh xd hdi. eim
^"e^-^eiaoBdc diai tai Nam Bf, til hich S cfng ddng dih kich thudc cd nhdn, Sdi, a sa
Nxb. Vfin hfia-Thflngtin, tr.I46 '''*'mg,
™ NguySn Diic Ifc (2013), (^ htnh xd hdi, „ , „ ddng c&ng giao Bde di ai lfi Nam Bf. tti kZ S L tfng dfng d^ktchlhiltkcd nhin, Sdi: tr.M
DANG VIET DAT giao dan da thUc hien phUcfng thiic "biet
cU hoa" song co cum lai vdi nhau va tai tao moi trUdng vSn hda rieng biet bfing ky lie cua nhQng ngUdi luu dan. Mo hinh do mang nhieu dac trUng cua lang truyen tho'ng Bac Bo tii cau triic cong dong den each thiJtc Ung xii cua moi ca nhan.
Ket luan
Su kien nhflng ngUdi Cong giao go'c Bic di cU vao Nam nam 1954 v6i dac trUng di cU ca iang, di cU ca dong ho, dinh cU tren vung dat hoang sd it ngUdi sinh song.
Chinh dieu kien dac biet nay giup cho nhflng ngfldi ly hUdng co dieu kien xay dung lai mo hinh lang xa mang nhieu dau an cua v&n hoa lang B&c Bp, do chinh la mo hinh lang tfl tri, so'ng cum cU theo cac dong hp. Cach flng x\i van hoa cua m6i ca nhan trong lang deu dUdc dinh hfldng bcii truyen tho'ng lau ddi, trong do "m6i ca nhan deu co gang hoa nhap v6i cpng dong". Do chinh la mo hinh hoan hao vdi nhflng chflc nang ky dieu de lifu giQ cac gia tri van hoa go'c ndi que nha nham xoa diu noi dau cua nhflng ngflai xa xfl va cung de g^n ke't cac ca nhan trong cong dong, "nang d3 nhau trong than phan nhflng ngiJdi ngu cif"'^"'.
Trong bo'i canh hien nay, khi cd cau to chflc lang xa truyen thong dang dan chuyen doi. Cung vdi nhflng thSng trSm cua lich su, lang ngay nay da dan bi mai mot ve dac trflng cua lang truyen tho'ng.
Nhieu lo ngai ve qua trinh mai mon cac gia tri van hoa lau ddi ciia ngfldi Viet, dac biet la sfl pha bo ca'u true lang xa truyen thong khien cho tinh co ket cpng dong khong con ben chat, do do lam giam di tinh tfl quan cua cong dong. Hien tfldng tai san xua't ca'u true cpng dong dfla tren mo hinh lang xa co truyen vung Bac Bp v6i dac trung tinh each ca nhan dfldc dinh hudng b^i truygn thong ngan ddi cua ngUdi Cong giao goc Bac di cu vao Nam 56 5-2Q15
cho ta t h a y qua trinh trong do cac gia tri van hoa dfldc lflu gifl, ton tai va phat trien. Dd la cd sd de ta tin rSng do'i vdi m6i ngfldi Viet Nam lang xa van la mot cpng dong tfl quan ndi gan ke't, niu gifl va che trfi cho cac ca nhan.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Dao Duy Anh (2000), Viet Nam udn hoa si^ ci&mg, Nxb. Van hoa - Thong tin. Ha Noi.
2. Tong Van Chung (2001), Xd hoi hoc nong thdn, Nxb. Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha N61, Ha Npi.
3. Phan Dai Doan (2004), May udn de ue udn hoa ldng Viet Nam trong lick s^, Nxb. Chinh tri quo'c gia. Ha Npi.
4. Nguyin Van Huyen (2006), Vdn hoa muc tieu ud dgng lite cua su" phdt trien xd hpi, Nxb. Chi'nh tri quo'c gia, Ha Npi.
5. Mai Van Hai, Mai Kiem, (2009), Xd hgi hgc udn hoa, Nxb. Dai hoc Quo'c gia Ha Npi, Ha Npi.
6. Hoc vien Chinh tri quo'c gia Ho Chi Minh, Vien Van hoa va phat trien (2007), Gido trinh ly ludn vdn hoa vd diidng loi vdn hoa cua Bdng Cgng Sdn Viet Nam (he cao cd'p ly luan chinh tri), Nxb. Ly luan Chinh tri, Ha Noi.
7. Ho Chi Minh (2002), Todn tap, Nxb.
Chinh tri quo'c gia, tap 3, Ha Noi.
8. Lfldng Van Ke (2010), Vdn hoa Chdu Au, Lich sit, thdnh tUu, he gid tri, Nxb.
Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Npi.
9. Nguy§n Dflc Lpc (2013J, Cau hinh xd hoi, cgng dong cong gido Bac di cit tgi Nam Bg, tit kich thi&k cgng dong den kick thitdc cd nhdn, Nxb. Dai hpc Quoc gia, Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
10. Tran Ngpc Them (1999), Ctf sd udn hoa Viet Nam, Nxb. Giao due, Ha Noi.
11. Nguyen Thanh (2010), Nhdn dien vdn hoa ldng Thdi Binh, Nxb. Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Ha Noi.
'-"' Nguyen Dilc Loc (2013), Cd'u hinh xd hm, cgng ddng cong gido Bac di cU tai Nam Bo, tii kich thuOc cong ddng di'n kick thUdc cd nhdn, Sdd, tr,47.
NHAN Lire KHOA HOC XAHOI [ Q j
