Nguyin Thu QuJ-nh vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G N G H $ 177(01): 3 9 - 4 2
ANH HirdNG CUA PHlTONG PHAP CHIET XUAT DEN CHAT LUONG CON THUOC M O C M I E T TU"
Nguyen Thu Quynh', Nguyen Duy Thu, Hoang Thj Cfic, Biii Thj Luyen, Nguyen Thj Hong Hgnh Trudng DQI hoc Y Duac - DH Thai Nguyen T O M T A T
Mdc milt tii (hgt gic- Momordica cochinchinensis Cucurbitaceae) 1^ vi dupe ligu quy, tir lau da dupe sii dyng nhilu trong cac bai thuSc dflng y nhim dieu trj vet thuang bj bim dap, tu mau, myn nhot, quai bi, viem tuyin vii. Trong dSn gian, mpc miet tir thudng dupe ngam rugu diing ngoai da de giam dau, chdng viem, tan bim tim. Nhim muc dich bao chl dupe cdn thuoc tii duoc lieu mpc miet tii, nghign ciiu da tiln hanh danh gia anh huong cua phuang phap chiet xuat vk ty lg dung mdi den chat lupng cua cdn thudc. Cac phuong phap chiet xuit da dupe khao sat bao gdm: Ngam lanh, Soxhiet, sigu am. Dung mol sii dung trong nghign ciiu la ethanol (96% va 40%). Chi tieu chat lupng cdn thuflc dupe danh gia bao gom djnh tinh, cin sau khi bay hoi, ham lupng ethanol va ty trpng. Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thiy, phumig phap sigu am su dyng dung mdi ethanol 96% cd nhigu uu dilm nhu cho cdn thu6c m^c migt Hi c6 chit lupng tot, ddng thdi nit ngin dugc thdi gian thuc nghiem, kha thi de ap dyng quy md Idn hon.
Tir khda: Mpc miit tu, con thuoc, siiu dm, ngam, Soxhiet, chdl lugng D A T V A N D E
D6ng y gpi hgt gac la " m g c miet tit" - co nghia la con ba ba g6 (mpc la gd, migt la con ba ba). V l thanh phan hoa hpc, nhan hat g i c t u a n g doi khd nude ( 6 % nude), nhung lai cd nhilu d i u ( 5 5 , 3 % chat beo), 16,6% protein, 2,9% gluxid, 1,8% tanin va 11,7% chat khdng xac dinh d u g c , cac men photphataza, invectaza, peroxydaza. Hgt gac cd tac dung chira mun nhgt, tieu thiing, dting trong nhirng trudng hgp nga, bj t h u a n g , sang ddc, phy nii sung vii, hgu mdn sung thung rat hieu qua [5].
Theo dan gian, hgt gac dem dot vd ngoai chay thanh than (nhan bgn trong chi vang chua chay thanh than), cho vao coi gia nhd, cii khoang 30-40 hgt thi cho 400-500 ml rupu t r i n g vao ngam de diing d i n . Diing rugu hgt gac bdi vao chd sang chan co tac dung tot gan nhu mat g i u va da d u g c menh danh cay g i c la
"cay mat g i u " . Da cd mpt so de tai nghign Cliu khoa hpc chiing minh v l tac dung chdng vigm giam dau va lam lanh tdn t h u a n g ciia hgt g i c tren thyc n g h i | m [2], [5], [6].
Hipn nay, cd nhieu cac san pham bao che ddng y chiia mpc miet tu, tuy nhien cac san
* TeL 01232 969898
pham thudng dya tren kinh nghigm gia truyen va tiln hanh thii cdng ma chua cd nghign cii'u bai ban nao ve k J thuat bao che tii' vi dupe ligu quy nay. Xuat phat tii thyc tign tren, nghien ciiu thyc hign vdi myc tieu khao sat ty lg dung mdi va p h u a n g phap bao chg eon thudc mpc miet tii. Tren c a sd dd lya chpn phuong phap bao chg phii h g p .
N G U Y E N V A T LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN C U U
N g u y i n v^t l i | u , h d a c h a t v a thiet bi Nguyen ligu mpc miet tu dupe thu hai tgi Thai Nguygn vao thang 06 - 09 nam 2017, Hda chat nghign cii'u cd dd tinh khiet PA.
Thiit bj sir dyng trong nghien ciiu g6m can phan tich va can kJ thugt Satorrius ciia Nhgt, may sieu am LC 60H ciia My, tii s i y tmh Memmert ciia Diic, may cat quay chan khdng Etrolab ciia Ddc.
P h u o n g p h a p nghien cihi
X u ly nguygn ligu: Mpc m i l t tii dupe tach vd hgt, nghien va ray nguyen lieu qua ray 180 ym va 350 \im. Lay nguygn ligu cd kich thudc bgt n i m trong khoang 180-350 pm [4].
P h u a n g phap bao che gom phuang phap ngam, chiet Soxhiet, sieu am dugc tien hanh cy t h i nhu sau [ I ] , [4]:
39
Nguyen Thu Quynh vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONU NUHfc
I ii{\}iy.:iy-'u- Phuang phap ngSm: Can khoang 25 g bdt
mpc miet tii cho vao binh chiet. Lam am bgt dupe lieu bing ethanol (96% hogc 40%), de 2-3 gid de dupe ligu thim am va truong nd diu. Them ethanol cao hon bl mat bpt dupe lieu khoang 2 cm. Dgy nip binh chilt, ngam khoang 24 gid, liy djch chiet. Lgp lai qua trinh chiet 2 lin. Gdp cac dich chilt, Cit quay chan khong thu dugc c6n thu6c thu dugc 250 ml dich thuoc,
- Phuang phap sieu am: Can khoang 25 g bpt mgc milt tii cho vao binh ndn cd mit mai.
Thgm 100 ml ethanol (96% hogc 40%), khuay deu. Tiln hanh sieu am vdi tin so sdng 20-40 kHz trong thdi gian 1 gid. Lay djch chiet, lap lgi qua trinh chilt 2 lin. Riit djch chilt, vit kiet ba dugc lieu dl liy toan bd lugng djch chilt, gdp dich chiet. Cit quay chan khdng thu dupe cdn thuoc thu dugc 250 ml dich thuoc, - Phuang phap Soxhiet: Can 25 g bgt mpc miet tii cho vao giiy Ipc, gdi ky dl tranh bung
bpt, cho vao ong chiet Soxhiet. Cho 300 ml ethanol (96% hogc 40%) vao binh ciu day bing, sau do lip he th6ng chiet. Dun each thiiy binh ciu trong 16 gid dl qua trinh chiet Irigt dg. Liy dich chilt. Cit quay chan khong thu dugc 250 ml c6n thudc.
Phuong phap danh gia chit lugng cua con thu6c mgc miet tii vdi cac chi tigu: Dinh tfnh saponin, dinh tfnh diu beo, t^ trpng, cin sau khi bay hai, ham lugng ethanol theo qui dinh cua Dugc diln Viet Nam (DDVN) IV (chuyen lugn hat gac va c6n thu6c) [3].
KET QUA VA BAN LUAN
Hgt gic khd, gia, vd ngoai ciing den, chic, n5ng, mep co rang cua tu va rpng, Trong chiia nhan tring nga, bgn ngoai phil mpt ldp mang mau xanh, cd diu, khdng bj thoi den, cd mui dac bigt, vj ding. Hat gic dugc tach liy nhan ben trong, chpn nhan trang, dem gia dap sau do nghien nhd, ray qua ray liy kfch thudc bpt cin thiit (hinh 1).
Hinh 1. Hinh dnh hgt gdc vd bdl nhdn hgt gdc Bang 1. Hdm dm ciia nhdn hat gdc STT
1 2 3 4 3 6
Kh6i lu'9Tig mau trtrdc khi
»iv (E) 5,241 5,419 5,018 5,117 5,003 5,709
Kh6i \trifng mau sau 4,960 5,106 4,719 4,832 4,686 5,384 Trung binh
RSD (%)
Khd 1 lugng 1 trong mlu
0,311 0,313 0,299 0,285 0,317 0,325
lUOC (R)
m m ^ m
(%)
5,9 5,8 6,0 5,6 6,3 5,7 5,9 4,5 Do am cua n h a n h ^ t gacDp am cua nhan hgt gic dugc xac dinh theo phuong phap mat khoi lugng do lam khd (DDVN
IV), Can khoang 5 g bpt hat gac cho vao coc su khd (da biet khoi lugng). Say 80°C cho den khi
40Nguyen Thu Quynh vd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 177(01): 3 9 - 4 2 kh6i lugng gi&a 2 lin can lien tiip chgnh Igch
nhd hon 0,005 g thi dimg say va de ngugi trong binh hut am va can khdi lupng bgt dupe lieu, Ket qua ham am dupe trinh bay tai bang 1.
Ket qua tir bang cho thay dp am ciia nhan hgt g i c thap, trung binh 5,9%) (gia tri dp lech c h u i n tuong doi R S D < 10%) dgt ygu c i u ciia D D V N I V ,
Bao che cac mau thyc nghiem theo phuong phap khac nhau, dung mdi dugc su dyng la ethanol 9 6 % va ethanol 4 0 % . Cac mau thyc nghigm d u a c danh gia cac chi tigu c h i t lugng theo tieu chuan D D V N IV, thu dugc k i t qua n h u sau:
Hinh 2. Hlnh dnh con thuoc duac bdo che bang cdc phuang phdp khde nhau H i n h t h u c
Ve hinh thiic, cac mau cdn thudc thyc nghiem (hinh 2) d i u cd mau vang, khdng vang, khdng l i n g can. Cac mau thyc nghigm sii dyng dung mdi la ethanol 9 6 % cho dung djch mau vang dam hon va trong h a n cac mau sii dyng dung mdi ethanol 40%i. D i l u nay la do trong thanh p h i n nhan hat gac chiia nhieu dau beo, cac d i u beo tan dugc trong ethanol cd do con cao nen dung dich con thuoc trong suot. Trong dung mdi ethanol cd do cdn thap, cac phan tir Bang 2. Mot so chi liiu chdl lugng ciia
dau beo khdng tan, ddng ty thanh cac tigu phan la limg trong dung dich lam dung dich cdn thu6c bj van dye. Dieu nay dirge chung minh tren sac k^ do ban mdng cd xuat hien pic dau beo,
D i n h tinh
Vg phan ling dinh tfnh nhan hat gac (phan ling B), ket qua dung dich cac mau cdn thu6c thyc nghiem deu cd cot bgt, tuy nhien dp ben ciia c6t bgt cd sy khac nhau giua cac phuong phap bao c h l . Dp ben cua cot bpt trong phuong phap ngam va Soxhiet khdng ben (cot bpt khoang 10 phiit). Do bgn cua cdt bpt trong p h u a n g phap sieu am la ben nhat (bang 2).
Dieu nay cd the s o bp cho thay phuang phap sieu am cho higu suat chiet saponin cao hon cac phuang phap cdn lai.
C a n sau k h i b a y hod
Ve lugng can sau khi bay hai (bang 2), d cac mau cdn thu6c t h u c nghiem sii dung dung mdi ethanol 9 6 % cho lugng can sau bay hoi cao hon khoang 2,5- 3 lan cac mau cdn thudc thuc nghigm sii dyng ethanol 4 0 % . Kgt qua nay s o bp khang djnh viec su dung dung m6i ethanol cd dp cdn cao lam tang hieu suat chiet, Mgt khac trong mpc migt t u cd dgc tfnh va thanh phan cd chii'a dau beo (55,3%i) va mgt so logi enzym ngn viec sit dung ethanol trong chiet xuat la phii hgp.
H a m Iwong e t h a n o l
Vdi tat ca cac p h u a n g phap bao che, ham lugng ethanol deu nam trong khoang tir 90- 110% (bang 2), dat so vdi yeu cau ciia D D V N IV (chuygn lugn cdn thuoc),
mdu thuc nghiim vd mdu dot chung
Phuong phap BC c i n sau khi bay
hui (g/l) (TB± SD)
H i m lu'png Ty ethanol (Vo) trong
(TB± SD) Sigu am (EtOH 40%)
Sigu am (EtOH 96%) Ngam (EtOH 40%) Ngam (EtOH 96%) Soxhiet (EtOH 96%)
Cdt bpt bgn khoang 30 phut Cpt bpt ben khoang 30 phut Cdt bpt bin khoang 10 phiit Cflt bpt bin khoang 10 phiit Cot bpt bin khoang 10 philt
17,52±l,53 98,12±0,]9 1,01 4 0 , 0 8 ± l , 1 6 95,16±0,22 0,83 17,56 ±2,08 98,21 ±0,41 0,99 45,72 ± 1,94 94,57 ± 0,59 0,84 54,5 ±2,11 93,39 ±0,37 0,83
Nguyen Thu Quynh vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 177(01): 39-42 Ty t r o n g
V l ty trpng, cac mau con thuoc thyc nghigm su dyng dung mdi ethanol 9 6 % thi cd ty trpng deu n i m trong khoang 0,79- 0,87. Cac m i u con thudc thyc nghiem sii dyng ethanol 4 0 % cd ty trpng Idn hon 0,90.
Dya trgn k i t qua danh gia chat lupng cua cac m l u con thuoc thyc nghiem, mau cdn thudc dupe bao che b i n g p h u a n g phap sigu am vdi dung mdi ethanol 96%i cho c h i t lugng c6n thu6c tot, d^ng thdi cd t h i rut n g i n thdi gian chilt x u i t (tur 72 gid xudng 3 gid). Nguygn nhan la do tac ddng cua sdng sigu am vdi tan s6 cao lam tang b l mat tiep xdc ciia dugc lieu vdi dung moi, lam tang c u d n g sy xao trdn dupe lieu d i n den tang tdc dg giai phdng hogt c h i t trong dupe lieu ra mdi trudng hda tan.
KET LUAN
Cd nhilu p h u a n g phap bao chg cd the iing dung d l bao che cdn thudc mdc miet tii nhu ngam, ngim kiet, chiet Soxhiet, sigu am vdi tan sd cao. K i t qua ciia nghign ciiu cho thay.
phuong phap sieu am vdi dung mdi ethanol 9 6 % cd t h i nit n g i n thdi gian bao chg, dong thdi c h l p h i m cd lugng saponin cao trong phgm vi nghien ciiu, cac chi tigu chat lupng khac d i u dat yeu c i u D D V N TV.
T A I LIEU T H A M K H A O i. HuJ'nh Thi Mai Anh (2014), "Nghien cuu chiit tdch vd xdc dfnh thdnh phdn hda hoc cua djch chiit nhdn hgt gdc", Khoa luan tdt nghigp cu nh3n khoa hpc, Dgi hpc Da Ning.
2. Nguyen Khic Qu:S^h Cii, Trin Mgnh Hing (2001), "Tham dd so bp thanh phin hfla hoc va tSc dyng ching vigm ciia hat gic". Tap chi Dugc lieu, Tgp 6 (4), y. 109-113,
3. Bp Y t l (2009), Dupe Diln Vigt Nam IV,
"Chuyen lugn hat gdc".
4. Bd Y t l (2013), Ky thugt bdo che vd sinh dugc hgc cdc dgng thuSc, Tap 1, Nxb Y hoc. Ha Nfli, tr, 222-230.
5. http://'www.suckhoegiadinh.com.vn, "Tdc dung cua hgi gdc".
6. Trudng Dai hpc Duy TSn, Khoa dupe (2015),
"-Cdy gac". Ban tin dupe ligu s6 3.
SUMMARY
T H E E F F E C T S O F T H E E T R A C T I O N M E T H O D S T O Q U A L I T Y O F T H E " M O C M I E T T U " T I N C T U R E
Quynh Nguyen Thu', Thu Nguyen Duy, Cue Hoang Thi, Hanh Nguyen Thi Hong, Luyen Bui Thi TNU - University of Medicine and Pharmacy Moc Miet Tu (^Momordica cochinchinensis Cucurbitaceae) is a traditional herbal medicine. It has been used various Viemam traditional medicines for the treatment of bruises, mumps and mammary gland infections. In folk method, Moc Miet Tu was extracted by cold soaking in alcohol that was used to prevent pains, inflammation, bruising purple. The aims ofthe present study are to evaluate the effects ofthe extraction method and the solvent ratio to the quality standards ofthe Moc Miet Tu tincture. The exUaction methods were used such as immersion, Soxhiet, ulfrasound.
In this study solvents were used ethanol 96% and ethanol 40%, The tincture's quality standards were evaluated such as residue after evaporation, ethanol content and proportion. Results showed that the ulyasonic method using ethanol 96% was the best method which produced high quality tincture. In addition, the experimental period of process was shortened and available applied in a pilot scale
Keywords: Moc miet lu, alcohol solution, soak, ultrasound, soxhiet, quality.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 17/10/2017; Ngdyplidn biin: 14/11/2017; Ngdy duyftddng: 30/01/2018 Tel: 01232 969898
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