CHUYCN MUC
SCf Hpc - K H A O C O H O C - D A N TOO HOC
HUNG VU-ONG TRONG TAM THUG NGUOI VIET
T R A N D i r e Cl/QNG'
Truyen thuyet ve thdi dai Hiing Vwang, thai dpi m& dau cho Ijch sir dung nu&c cua din tec Viet Nam, gin lien vdi su hinh thinh vi phit trien eua Nha nwdc Van Lang trdn ea s& nen Van hda Ddng San ludn cd mpt vj tri hdt sire dac bipt trong tam thirc cua moi ngu&i din Viet Nam Vi vpy, viec lim sing td cac van de tdn nghi thee cae cich tiip can khic nhau nhu: van hda din gian, sir hec hay khao cd hpc vd th&i dpi Hiing Vuong khdng ch! gop phin lam siu sic han nhO'ng gii trj Tieh sir. van hda Viet Nam ma edn khai day niem tu hio din tdc cho thd hd tre hdm nay.
Tirkhda: thdi dpi Hung Vyang, Nhd nyde Van Lang, Van hda Ddng San, tdm thdc ngydi Vidt
Nhdn bai ngay: 1/2/2020; dwa vie bien tip: 2/2/2020; phan bien: 15/2/2020; duypt ding: 15/3/2020
Tg ey tren mdt viing d i t khdng hoan todn thupn lai v l dieu kien t y nhien, chu y l u chju anh hydng eua khi hau nhipt ddi, gid miia, ndng g i t , mya nhilu, 10 lyt ludn de dpa; ddng thdi phai doi choi vdi cdc t h i lye xam lyae ludn nhdm ngd, xam ehilm do n l m d trung tam Ddng Nam A lgc dja, lai cd mpt bd b i l n ddi nhin ra B i l n Odng, dn ngd ea dydng bp va dydng biln t d Bdng B l c x u l n g Ddng Nam A hai dao, ngydi Vipt - tdc ngydi chii t h i cua
Hiji Khoa hoc Lich sd Vidt Nam.
dan tdc Viet Nam trong qud trinh phat triln, da sdm cd y thdc cdng ding, t i l p dd Id y thdc qudc gia dan tdc. Hp ludn lien k i t vdi nhau va ciing vdi cdc tdc ngydi khae, tao thanh mdt sdc manh to Idn de chdng thien tai va gipe ngopi xdm. Ngydi Viet sdm cd trilt ly;
Uong nw&c nh& ngudn. ludn chii y d i n nguon goc cua dan tdc minh, minh t d dau d i n ? cd nhdng dac d i l m gl? d l t y hdo va l l y dd Idm nguon ddng vien cac t h i he n i l t i l p trong cdng cudc dyng nyde vd gid nyde, Dieu dd, giai thich ly do vi sao, cac cau chuydn v l nguon g l c dan tdc, v l sy hinh thdnh
ddn tdc ludn dypc chu y, xay dyng, dii chya cd dii ca sd khoa hpc. Cdc cau chuydn v l trilu Hong Bdng, v l Lac Long Quan vd Au Ca, dypc lyu truyin t d ddi ndy sang ddi khde id k i t qua cua m i l quan tdm nay trong tam thdc ngydi Vipt. Thee truyin thuylt, trilu dpi d l u tien tren d i t nyde Viet Nam - trieu Hong Bang, g i n vdi vj hodng d l truyen thuylt ciia Trung Q u i c Id T h i n Ndng (Le Thanh Khdi, 2014: 70).
Theo truyin thuylt, chdu nam ddi cua vua T h i n Ndng Id Lpc Long Qudn l l y bd Au Ca sinh ra cdi bpe g I m mpt trdm qua tnjng, t d dd nd ra mpt tram ngydi cen trai. Mpt hdm, Lpc Long Qudn ndi vdi Au Ca: "Ta Id gilng ring, ndng Id gilng tidn. Thiiy hda tyang khlc, khd md d vdi nhau trydng cdu.
Bay gid phai ly bipt. Ndm myai ngydi con trai theo me v l nui, ndm myai ngydi eon trai theo eha djnh cy d bd Biln Ddng" (Vu Quynh Kilu Phii, 1969:21).
Cung theo truyin thuylt, chu y l u dyac truyin tgng trong ky dc dan gian, eon trai cd Ciia Ag Ca cai trj nyde Van Lang vdi danh hieu Hiing Vyang.
Hiing Vyang truyen td ddi nay sang ddi khde theo e h l dp eha truyin con nli. Hiing Vyang vda la ngydi chT huy quan sy, dong thdi Id ngydi chu tri cac nghi le tdn gido. Giup vlpc Hiing Vyang cd cdc lac h l u , lac tydng. Lac tydng tryc tilp cai quan cdng vipe eua cdc bd.
Nyde Van Lang cd 15 bd, la cac bd
"Giao Chi, Chu Didn, VO Ninh Phue Lpc, Viet Thydng, Ninh Hai
TRAN Dire Ct/ONG - HiJNG V t / a N G T R O N G T A M T W ^ Tuyin, Lgc Hal, VD Djnh, Hodi Hoan Cdg Chan, Binh Van, Tdn Hyng, CL^U Ddc" (Phan Hgy Chd, tap 1,1992. 24).
Trong vipc tim hilu v l thdi ky dyng nyde a nyde ta, cac nhd nghien cyu cd nhilu each tilp cpn khde nhau, trong dd n l i Ien each tilp cdn van hda dan gian, tilp edn sd hpe vd tiep cpn khao c l hpc. Ope bipt, cdch tiep cpn vdn hda hpc vd vdn hda dan gian thydng t h i hidn rd n h l t tam thdc eua ngydi Vipt. Cd mpt ty le ve chuyen eo tieh lidn quan d i n ljch s d thdi k^ Hung Vyang ddng chu y. Khi nghien cdu van ban hpc, trcng sdch LTnh Nam chich quii, mdt quyin sach chdp chuypn co tich bidn soan t d t h i ky XV, ed 23 chuydn thi 11 chuyen lien quan d i n vipe va nhan vpt thdi ky HDng Vyang. D i l u dd phan dnh mdt thyc te Id trong qua trinh dyng nyde va gid nyde, ngydi Viet ludn phai c h i n g ehpi vdi mpi khd khan, t h d thach gay ndn t d thien tai vd djch hpa nen ludn cd •) [hire sau s l e den nhdng v l n d l cd lien quan d i n van mpnh dan tpc. Cdc nhdn vdt truyin thuyet ve thdi ky nay nhy Tan Vidn San Thanh vd cdc bp tydng eua dng ho^e tryc t i l p Id b$
tydng eua Hung V y a n g ed cdng giiip nyde, an ddn sau khi c h i t da bien thanh than d y a c thd cung d nhilu nai, tryde h i t d vung trung du vd dong bdng Bac Bd, vung nui va vung b i l n Bdc Trung Bd. Dd la T h i n ndi nhy Cao San vd Quy Minh; Than sdng nyac nhy Giang Cdng, Mang Cdng, Khd Cdnq Than ea, T h i n biln nhy ' ' • • '^ "•«.•« Unh
TAP CHl KHQA HQC XA HQI sd 3 (259) 2020 Uyen. Cdc con trai ciia Hung V y a n g giup Tan Vien San Thanh di danh giac nhy Lang But, Lang Mao, Lang Ldi;
cdc vj n d t h i n hope Id va Tan Vidn San Thanh hoae Id me vd va cac bd tydng cua dng nhy Ngpc Hoa Cdng chda, Nguypt C y Cdng chiia, Lda Nyang, A Nyang, My Nyang...
Truyin thuylt v l Thdnh Giong ddnh gipe An cung d y a c dat trong bdi canh Ijch sd cua thdi ky ndy. Thdnh Gidng hay PhD D i n g Thidn Vyang, eau be mdi ba t u l i gap lOe dat nyde cd giac, sau khi an bay nong cam, an ba nong cd vyan vai thanh dung sT, eydl con ngya sat, mpc bp gidp sdt, dDng cay gpy s i t ddnh tan giac An, tyang tryng chp tinh t h i n ching giac ngcai xam vd sdc manh cua ngydi VieL Hay Tan Vidn San Thdnh, vj Than nui Tan Vien typng tryng eho y d c vpng chinh phgc ty nhien, chiln thing thien tai cDng vdi Chd Dong T d , edn d y a c gpi id Chd Dao T l , tyang tryng cho Idng hilu nghTa, tinh yeu, hdn nhdn, s y giau cd, sung tuc; la cac vj nam t h i n dypc thd cDng d nhilu nai t d thai Hung Vyang dyng nyde, cung vdi Lidu Hanh Cdng chua, hay M l u Thygng Thidn (Mdu Lieu Hanh), typng tryng eho cudc sdng tinh t h i n phong phu, giau ddc hanh, tri tup, s y thinh vyang, van tha la vi nd t h i n dypc dya vao hp thing t h i n thanh t d thdi Hau Le, trd thdnh "Td b i t td"
trong tin ngydng dan gian ciia ngydi Vipt eho d i n tan ngay nay.
Trdn phyang dien van ban hpc, nhdng cdng trinh ljch s d xa xya nhlt
d Viet Nam nhy Bai Viet sir ky ciia Le Van Hyu v i l t nam 1272, An Nam chl luge ciia Ld T r i e bien scan vap t h i ky XIV d l u khdng v i l t gl ve thdi ky Hung Vyang. Tai lieu thy tich d l u tidn d l cap d i n thdi ky HDng Vyang Id Viet dien u linh cua Ly T l Xuyen, vilt Ldi twa nam 1329. Trong cuon sach ndy, Ly T l Xuyen da dya vdo sdch ciia mdt s l tdc gia Trung Quoc tdng sing d Viet Nam v i l t nen, nhy Giae Chi ky, Bio Cue truyen, Giae Chiu ki. Trong Viet dien u linh, Ly T l Xuyen chep eau chuyen c l u hdn cua San Tinh vd Thuy Tinh thdi HDng Vyang trong Tin Vien hwu thanh khudng qudc hien u'ng vwang. Cdn sdch LTnh Nam chich quii ciia Iran T h i Phdp vilt vdo khoang dau t h i ky XIV, Vu Quynh vd Kilu Phil bidn sopn lai khoang ndm 1492 - 1493 ed ghi chep v l truydn Hing Bdng thdi dpi HDng Vyang (nhy da ddn).
v l sach ljch s d , vao thdi Trin, cd Vipt sir Iwgc (hidn chya bilt tdn tac gia) v i l t nhy sau v l cac vua Hung: " D i n ddi Trang Vyang nhd Chu (696 - 682 tryde Cdng nguyen), d bp Gia Ninh cd ngydi la, dDng do thuat dp phue dyac cac bd lac, t y xyng la Hung Vyang, ddng dd d Van Lang, hieu id nyde Van Lang, phong tge thuIn hau, c h i t phac, chinh s y dDng loi k i t nut.
Truyin dyac 18 ddi, d l u gpi la Hung Vyang" ( d i n theo Tran Quoc Vyang, 2005; 18).
D i n nam 1479, Ngd ST Lien vdi cdng trinh Bai Viet sir ky toan thw, thdi ky Hung V y a n g d y p c chinh thdc dya
TRAN BLTC CLTQNG - HONG vuor«y20NGjA5rrHUi
vdo s y sach. d y g c coi la thdi ky m d d l u Ciia Ijch s d dan tpc. Trong cdng trinh mang tinh c h i t "quic sd" nay, Ngd ST Lien thdm vdo ky hp Hdng Bdng vd ky nhd Thyc d p h l n Ngopi ky.
Vdi Idng t y tdn dan tdc vd y thidc ddc lpp, t y chu, Lai ti/a eua Bpi Viet sir ki toin thu vilt; "Nyde Dpi Vipt ta d phia Nam NgD LTnh, t h i Id trdi dd chia vach B l c - Nam; thuy t l ta ra t y con chdu Than Ndng thj, the Id trdi dd sinh ra chdn chua. Vi t h i mdi cung vdi Bdc trilu d l u ldm chu mpt phyang" (Ngd ST Lien va cdc s d t h i n trilu Le, tap 1, 1972; 17).
Vide ldm cua Ngd ST Lidn va cac s d t h i n trilu Ld dyge eae tdc gid cua nhilu cdng trinh ra ddi sau dd tdn thdnh vd dya vac cdng trinh ciia minh, vi nhy; VD Quynh trong Dpi Viet thdng glim, bidn scan nam 1511; Ld Tung trong Viit glim thdng khae tdng luin, bidn scan ndm 1514; Ld Quy Ddn trpng Vin dai loai ngu, Ngd Thi ST trong Viet sir tieu in; Phan Huy Chu trong Ljch tridu hien ehuang loai chi;
Odng Xudn Bang trong S d hoe bj khio...
O l n thdi Nguyin, vdo nda sau t h i ky XIX, ca quan nghidn cdu cua trilu dinh la Quic s d qudn dd to chdc bien scan mdt bd sd Idn, mang tinh c h i t
"qudc sd" Id Khim dinh Viet sir thdng giam cuang muc 52 quyin gom phln Tien bien (5 quyin) vd Chinh bien (47 quyin). Trong phln Tien bien, cac tae gia QuIe s d qudn trilu Nguyin da bidn chdp ky han cdc tdc p h l m tryde dd v l thdi ky Hung Vyang.
Du da dya vdo ljch sd, nhyng v l thdi ky cua Nhd nyde Vdn Lang, thdi ky cdc vua Hung v l n cdn t i n nghi nhieu cdu hdi, nhieu v l n d l md cdc tpp truypn truyin ky dan gian nhy Vipt dien u linh, LTnh Nam chlch quii chya t h i glal ddp, k l cd cdc cdng trinh s y hpc nhy Viet sir luge, Bpi Vipt sif ki toin thu, Kham djnh Viet sir thdng glim cugng mpc. Chinh Ngd ST Lidn, ngydi khdi dau va vilt chinh e u l n Bpi Viet su' ki toin thu. tdng neu; "Ddi Hung Vyang, dpt chy h l u ldm phen giau, chia nyde Idm 15 bp, d 15 bd l y d l u cd trydng va td, Cdc eon t h d e d theo thd t y chia nhau d l tri. Cdi thuyet ndi 50 con theo mp v l nDl, b i l t dau khdng phai id t h i ? Vi la mp lam quan trydng, cdc con d l u lam ehu mpt phyang. C d xem nhy tD trydng Man ngdy nay, xyng la nam phu dao, n d phg dpo. Cdn nhy vlpc San Tinh, Thuy Tinh thi r l t la qudi dan, tin sdch Chang bang khdng ed sach hay tam thuat lai chuyen eu d l truyin lpi s y nghi ngd thdi" (Ngd ST Lien va cdc s d t h i n trilu Ld, tap 1, 1972: 63).
"Sy nghi ngd" l y ton tai mai d i n vdi tram nam sau. Vao nda d l u t h i ky XX, nhd s d hpc Tran Trpng Kim, trpng Viet Nam sir luac v i l t v l ddi thyang ep cdn eho r i n g : "Chdng qua nha ldm s d cDng nhat nhanh nhdng chuydn hoang dydng tge truyin lai, ldm nen nhdng truyen ay toan la truypn cd than tidn, quy qudi, trdi vdi le ty nhien ea" (Trin Trpng Kim, 1999; 27).
Nhy vpy, cd t h i ndi, n l u chi dya vao
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020 sdch s d dyge bidn sopn khoang dau t h i ky XX, vide tim hilu ky v l Ijeh s d cdc nha nyde d l u tien trdn d i t nyde ta, trong dd ed Nha nyde Vdn Lang vd thdi ky' cdc vua HDng gap nhieu khd khdn. Khd khdn l y ehi cd t h i vygt qua khi cdc nha nghien cdu khca hpe xd hdi, tryde h i t la cac nhd khao co hpc, sd hpc, van hda hpe, ddn tdc hpe cd odeh t i l p edn va phyang phdp nghien cdu mdi han, hien dpi han, chu y l u la phyang phdp nghien cdu lien nganh, nghien cdu da bd mdn vdo vide tim hilu v l Nha nyde Vdn Lang, v l thdi ky Hung Vyang vd thdi ky Nhd nude Au Lpc t i l p dd.
Trong cdc thpp nidn d l u t h i ky XX, qud trinh t i l p nhdn phyang phdp nghidn edu khao eo hpc, s d hpc, vide phdt hipn nhilu di tieh thude thdi dai do dong vd do s i t sdm, vd dae biet la vlpc phat hidn cdc di chi thude Van hda Ddng San da tao ra bydc chuyen biln quan trpng trong nghien edu v l Ijeh sd thdi ky eo dpi d Viet Nam, giup cho cdc nhd khoa hpc vd ngydi ddn Viet Nam h i l u rd han v l nhdng gi da (iiln ra trong lich sd d i t nyde minh each hang ngan nam, luc dd v l n cdn bj bao phu nhy Idp syang md, hy hy thyc thyc bdi cae truyin thuylt. Van hda Ddng San la mdt n l n van hda co tdng t i n tai d mdt sd tinh B l c Bp va Blc Trung Bd Viet Nam. Nen van hda ndy vdi nhdng di vat d l u tien dyge tim thIy d lang Ddng San, tinh Thanh Hda ven sdng Ma vdo nam 1924 va chinh thdc d y g c hpc gia R. Heine- Geldern dat ten la Van hoa Bdng San
vdo nam 1934 sau khi da phdt hien hang tram di tich va hdng van di vdt thude loai hinh Ddng San. Loai hinh cac di tich nay r l t da dang, bao gdm nhdng khu ey tru, khu md tang, trong dd cd mdt huyet d i t , md vd hay md cd quan tdi than cdy khoet ring (mp thuyin).
Hien vat thude Van hda Odng San ddc tryng qua nhdng bp hipn vat dong da dang vd ddc ddo, gom riu nhilu kilu nhy riu lydi xdo, gido, dao gdm ed can hlnh ngydi hay dpng vat, cdc d l dyng nhy tho, binh, thpp vd cdc nhae cg nhy chgdng, trIng. Ope bipt, trpng mpt s l di chi thgdc Vdn hda Ddng San, cdc nhd nghien edu da phdt hipn ra trdng d i n g loai sdm - trIng Hega loai 1 vdi hoa van rat dpp, da trd thanh hidn vdt tieu bilu cho van hda khao e l hpc n l i tilng nay. Nguyen lieu chu y l u dygc ey ddn Odng San dung d l che tao cdc cdng eu lao ddng ehu y l u cDng nhy cdc dd trang sdc, vD khi va do thd Id loai hgp kim dong - thilc - chi. Vdi nhilu hien vat dong tim dygc cung cac di vdt s i t vd di tich Id n l u s i t , cae nha nghien cdu x i p Van hda Ddng San thude thai dpi do s i t sdm qua nhidu cudc thao ludn khoa hpe. Cdc nha khao co hpc cho rang c y ddn Odng San Id ey dan ndng nghidp, ehu y l u trdng lua. Hp dd chan nudi trau, bd, Ign, ga, bilt lam nhilu n g h i thu cdng nhy lam mdc, son, Idm g I m , dae biet la luyen kim va e h l tae dd kim loai...
Van hda Odng San dyge phdt hien vd b i t d l u nghien cdu trong vdi thap nien
TRAN OIJC CLTO'NG - HiJNG V l / O N G T R O N G j r A M 2 k i ^ d l u cua t h i k'/ XX, chu y l u Id t h j p
nien 20 vd 30, tryde T h i ehiln thd hai.
Vao thai ky nay, mdt s l hpc gia phyang Tdy da ed nhilu ddng gdp trong viec nghidn edu Vdn hda Odng San. Cdc hpc gid ndy gom L. Paijot, R. Heine-Geldern, V. Goloubew, E.
Karlgren. O. Janse. H. Maspero, L.
Aurousseau... Hp danh gia eao gid tri vdn hda. Ijch s d eua cdc hien vat tim dypc trong cdc di chi Vdn hda Ddng San. Hp thda nhdn da tdng ed mdt vyang quIe c l dpi t i n tpi d mien B l c Vipt Nam trade khi bj nhdng ke xam lyge phyang B l c thdn tinh. Nhyng nhilu ngydi trong s l hp khdng cdng nh$n nyde Vdn Lang vd giai thich ngudn g l c cua chu nhdn Van hda Odng San la c y dan t d lyu vyc sdng Dyang T d (Trung QuIe) di cy xuong (quan d i l m cua L. Aurousseau), hope Vdn hda Odng San id s y vay myan eua nghp thupt sdng Hodi (Trung QuIe)...
Vdi quan niem nguon gde Van hda Ddng San id do du nhpp t d ben ngoai vao Viet Nam theo thuyet "trung tdm"
va "ngoai vi", nha nghien cdu O.
Janse cdn di xa han. Ong cho ring:
Van hda Ddng San chju anh hydng cua van hda thdi Chien Qudc d Trung Quic. Ma van hda Chiln Quic lai b i t nguon t d van hda Hallstatt d Chau Au truyen qua vung thao nguydn Au - A (Phan Huy Le - Tran QuIe Vyang - Hd Van Tan Lyang Ninh - tap 1, 1983:79).
Chi t d sau khi nyde nha gianh dyac Ddc lpp nam 1945, n l n sd h • ' K '
Named d i l u kidn d l phdt tnen^ nhyng v l n d l ea ban v l Ijch s y d i t ndde mdi dypc thyc s y quan tSm-N^^ng v l n d l v l nguIn g l c ngydi Vipt, qua trinh hlnh thanh Nha nyde d Viet Nam, cdc n l n van hda dd tdng tdn tai tren d i t nyde ta mdi dygc chu y nghien cdu, nhlt la sau khi Ban Nghidn c y u Van - S d - Dja d y g c thanh lap vao thdng 12/1953. O i l u ndy ddp dng yeu elu eua gidi nghien cdu vd cdc t i n g Idp nhan ddn ddi hoi nhdng h i l u b i l t day du han v l Ijch s d d i t nyde qua eae chdng ed khoa hpe cd sdc thuylt phue.
Trong cdc van d l d y g c gidi nghidn edu quan tdm, cd v l n de v l Van hda Ddng Sgn va thdi ky HDng Vygng, thdi ky An Dygng V y a n g , m i l quan he gida Van hda Ddng San vdi thdi ky HDng V y a n g . . .
Viec nghien cdu thdi ky HDng V y a n g , thdi ky dyng nyde d l u tien cOa dan tdc Viet Nam da d y g c Nhd nyde va gldl nghien edu khoa hpc xa hdi dac biet quan tam du lue l y , d i t nyde dang phai trai qua nhdng nam thang chiln tranh khoe llet eua cudc khang chien ching My cdu nyde. Mdt k l hopch nghien edu trong nhieu nam da dyge thyc hipn ed s y tham gia cua nhilu ea quan khoa hpc vd nhieu nha nghien cdu thude cdc nganh s d hpc, khao c l hpe, ddn toe hpc, c l sinh hpc, c l nhdn hpc, van hda hpc... do Vien Khao CO hpe Id ea quan chu tri. Bon cupc Hdi nghi khoa hpe e l p Qupc gia v l Hung Vuang dyng nyde da dygc T 'ZSiiC V-!i' =-•«= _:iKii! itjns. wm,
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI s6 3 (259) 2020 1970 va 1971 tai Thu dd Hd Ndi thu hut dyge sy quan tam cua gidi hpe thupt ca nyde.
Vdi each t i l p can da bp mdn va phyang phap nghien cdu lien ngdnh, cung vdi qud trinh khai quat nhilu di chi khap CO hpe thude cac n l n vdn hda Dong Dau, Gd Mun, Phung Nguyen va dae bipt thude Van hda Ddng San, cdc nha nghidn cdu da cd t h i dya ra mdt s l k i t lupn tong qudt:
Vin hda Bdng San cd ngudn g l c ban dja, da ra ddi, phat triln vd dat tdi dinh cao tren d i t nyde Viet Nam, Id sy tilp noi cua eae n l n van hda tryde dd id vdn hda PhDng Nguydn, van hda Ding Opu, vdn hda Gd Mun, ehu y l u ton tpi trdn dja bdn Bdc Bd vd B l c Trung Bd, g i n vdi lyu vyc sdng Hong, sdng Ma vd sdng Ca.
Blng cdc ed lieu lich s d vd qua nhilu cupc thao luan, cdc nhd nghien cdu da ndi rd han, cg t h i han v l mdt sd dpc d i l m Clip Vdn hda Ddng San. Od la mpt n l n van hda IDa nyde kha phat triln. Do dd, thyc pham tygng doi doi dao va da ed d y try d i n d i n sy phdn ting xa hpi trong ndi bd ngydi Viet eo.
Thd d i n , phai thIy rd id vao thdi ky nay, ky thgat due ddng da r l t phdt trien. Cac hien vat b l n g ddng thu dyge qua nhilu cupc khai quat dd ndi rd dilu l y , trpng dd n i l bat la cdc trIng d i n g . Trdng dong la n l l m t y hao ve trinh dp phdt trien ciia ngydi Viet.
Giao s y T r i n Quoe Vygng da phan tich s y b i n vdng trong tdm thdc cua ngydi Vipt ve n l l m t y hdo l y : "Nhy bilt bao hipn tygng Ijch s d - van hda
khde, ndn vdn hda trIng ddng da qua di, dd tan Igi dan, nhyng nhdng sd d i e van hda trIng dong thi vdn cdn lai.
Nhdng sd d i e , nhdng thdnh tyu vdn hda dd van d y g c lyu gid nai tdm thdc ngydi Vipt phyang Nam" (Trin Quic Vygng, 2018; 252).
N l u quan niem Vdn hda Odng San keo ddi d i n g i n h i t thien nidn ky thd nhlt tryde Cdng nguyen thi c l n ghi nhdn ring ky thupt qudn sy ciia ngydi Viet trong thdi ky ndy da r l t phdt triln.
S y ton tai eua thdnh C l Lea vdi cdc mui ten dong vd nd dd chdng td sy xdc ddng cua nhan djnh nay. Vd c u l l cung id ve xd hdi: sy t l chdc cpng ddng hodn chinh theo phyang thdc xd thdn t y tri md dinh cao Id sy thdnh Idp Nha nu&c Van Lang da ndi rd dilu l y . T d nhdn xet ndy, cdc nhd nghien cdu dd xay dyng dygc m l i quan hp mpt thilt gida Van hda Ddng San trong van hda khao eo hpc vdi thai ky HDng Vyang d y a c t h i hidn nhy phln elt ldi trong cdc truyin thuylt lyu truyin trong tdm thdc dan gian eua ngLfdi Viet, vd trong nhdng dieu dd dyge t h i hidn qua met s l cdng trinh sd hpc. T d cdc k i t qua nghien cdu, cd t h i khIng dinh; Vdn hda Odng San chinh la ea sd vat c h i t thdi ky Nhd nyde Vdn Lang eua cae vua Hung. T d nidn dpi cua Van hda Ddng San, ed doi chieu vdi cdc ndi dung dygc he thong hda qua cac cdng trinh nghidn cdu Ijeh sd va van hda, cd t h i khIng djnh; Nha nyde Van Lang vdi sy hidn dien cua cae vua HDng trcng Ijch sd dan tdc tdng t i n tpi treng khpang thidn nien ky
TRAN DLfC Ct/ONG - HUNG VLfONG TRONGjAMTHUW
thd I tryde Cdng nguyen, vd cu t h i han Id vao khoang t h i ky thd VII tryde Cdng nguydn... D i l u ndy trung hgp vdi nien dpi ndm 692 - 682 tryde Cdng nguydn cua doan vdn trong Viet Sir Iwgc da d l edp d tren.
Ddn tdc Vipt Nam cd t m y l n thing vdn hda t d Iau ddi. Trong cdc gid tri vdn hda dygc ngydi Vipt truyin lai t d ddi ndy sang ddi khde, ed phong tyc thd cDng t l tien. Thdng qua vipe thd cung t l tien, ngydi Vidt muon t h i hien Idng bilt an doi vdi nhdng ngydi da ed cdng sinh thdnh, dydng dgc minh vd con chdu. M i l gia dinh, ddng hp deu coi vide thd cung cha mp, dng ba, to tidn Id vipc hp trpng... Dilm dae biet Id trdn phpm vi ea nyde, Id tge thd eung Hung Vyang - ddy Id ngdy Quic gid thd cDng ngydi ddng d l u Nha nyde d l u tien trong ijch sd Viet Nam. Ngay td nam 1917, trilu Nguydn dd giao cho Bd Le chinh thdc djnh ngdy QuIe le - gid t l Hung Vyang vdo ngay mDng 10 thdng Ba am ljch hdng nam.
Quylt djnh ndy dygc ngydi ddn hoan nghenh, t h i hien qua cdu ca dao:
'Dil ai di ngwge vd xudi Nh& ngiy glo Td mung 10 thing Ba"
Trong ngdy l y , ngydi ddn cd d i l u kipn thi v l O l t T l - tinh Phu Thp, nai cd d i n thd Vua HDng t h l p hyang, ddng l l td Idng tri an cdc vua Hung.
Ngydi khdng cd d i l u kien thi lam l l bdi vpng vdi sy thanh tdm d l i vdi vi Quoc to eua minh.
Ndm 1946, t h i theo nguyen vpng cua ngydi ddn, ngay sau khi d i t nyde gianh dyge Dpc lap (thdng
Chii tieh H i Chi Minh dd ra sdc idnh dya ngay Gid T l mDng 10 thang Ba dm lich hang nam la ngdy Id ehmh thdc eua ddn tdc. Trong ngay nay, vien chdc Nhd nyde dygc nghi de tham gia ldm Id cung vdi nhdn dan ea nyde.
Vdo ngdy Gid To ndm 1946, eg Huynh ThDc Khdng - Bd trydng Bd Npi vg, thay mat Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda lam l l dang hyang tpi Den HDng, Phu Thp. Cg da ddng ien ban thd cdc vua Hung t i m ban do Vipt Nam vd thanh g y a m la hai vpt bdu the hipn y chl eua Chinh phu vd nhan ddn kidn quylt bao ve T l quoe tryde hpa xam lang cua thyc ddn Phdp.
Ndm 1954, vdi ehiln thing eua quan vd ddn Viet Nam trong cudc t i l n cdng chiln lyge Odng Xuan 1953 - 1954 md dinh eao la ehiln djch lich s d Dipn Bidn Phu, thyc dan Phdp phai ky Hipp djnh Geneve lap lai hda binh d Viet Nam, Lao va Campuchia. Ngay 18/9/1954, ndi chuyen vdi dai bleu cdn bp, chien sT Dpi doan 308 tai Den HDng, tren dydng Dpi doan v l t i l p quan Thu dd Ha Ndi, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh ndi: "Cae vua HDng da ed cdng dyng nyde, Bac chau ta phai cDng nhau gly l l y nyde".
Cho den nay, nhieu ehi thj, nghj djnh, nghj quylL Dang, Chinh phu da dya ra quy djnh v l vide x i p ngay 10 thang Ba am ljch hang ndm Id ngay Quoe Id CLia ca ddn tdc. D i n Hung, nai thd cae vua Hung trd thdnh di tich dac biet d o QuIe gia. T h I y rd vj tri cua
: : - : " : _' : : - ^ ' •••• - _ - - O T g
TAP CHl KHQA HQC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020
trong tam thdc cua ngydi Viet, ngdy bit mang tinh toan cau. Quylt djnh 6/12/2012, UNESCO - T l chdc vdn ndy da gdp p h l n khich Id y thdc hda vd giao due eua Lien hiep quoe da ehung trong vide thDc d l y tinh t h i n dai chinh thdc ghi danh 7"/n ngudng tha dodn k i t , tydng nhd, tdn kinh to tidn cdng Hung Vwang li di sin vit the dai ciia ddn tdc Viet Nam. Q
didn eho nhin lopi vi nhirng gii trj ndi
CHO THICH
i'i Vi$c gdn Hdng Bdng vdi Than N(5ng "chic chin Id do cdc nhd viet sd mudn ddt cdc tri^u dsi Vijt Nam ngang hdng vdi cdc trieu dpi Trung Quoc" (Ld Thdnh Khdi. 2014: 70)
TAI L I | U TRiCH D A N
1. Ld Thdnh Khdi. 2014. Lich su Viit Nam tir ngudn gde ddn giira thd ki XX. Ha Ndi:
Nxb. Thi gldl.
2. Ngd ST Lidn vd cdc sd thin trieu Ld. 1972. Dpi Viit sir ki toin (hy - tdp 1. Ha Ngi:
Nxb. Khoa hgc Xd hdi.
3. Phan Huy Chu. 1992. Ljch tridu hidn ehuang lopi chi - i^p 1. Hd Ndi: Nxb. Khoa hgc Xd hdi.
4. Phan Huy Ld - Trin Quoc Vygng - Ha Van Tan - Luang Ninh. 1983. Lich sd Viit Nam - tdp 1. Hd Npi: Nxb. Dpi hgc va Trung hgc chuyen nghidp.
5. Tran Qudc Vygng djch vd chu giai. 2005. Viet su Iwgc. Hul: Nxb. Thupn Hda vd Trung tdm Vdn hda Bdng Tay.
6. Tran Qucc Vygng. 2018. 'May y kiln vd trcng ddng va tam thdc Vipt co". In trong:
Vidn Khao co hgc, Tuydn tip 50 nim khio cd hoc Viet Nam (1968 - 2018). Ha Ndi Nxb.
Khoa hgc Xa hdi.
7. Trin Trgng Kim. 1999. Viet Nam sd luge. Hd Ngi: Nxb. Vdn hda - Thdng tin.
8. VO Quynh - Kieu Phu (Binh Gia Khanh va Nguyen Nggc San dich). 1969. Linh Nam chlch quii. Hd Ndi; Nxb. Van hda.
