KHOA HOC CONG NC
IVGHIEI\] CUIJ AIMH HUOIXIG C U A
PHAIM VI SIIMH S P S CLEAIM DEIM IMAIMG S U A T V A CHAT LU01MG CUA BUOI D A I MIIMH 9 V A 1 4 TUOI
TAI HUYEIM YEIM BilMH, TilMH YEIM B A I
Tran Tnmg Kito^*, HaDuyTru6ngS Nguyin Minh T u ^ \ Luu Thi X u y ^ ^ Phan Thi Thu H ^ g S Duong Thi NguySnS Hoang Kim Di^uS Nguyen Manh HimgS Lfe Xuan Thanh=' TOMTAT
Nghien ciru anh huong cua phan vi sinh SPS clean d^n nang suat va chat luong cua giong buoi Dai Minh 9 va 14 tuoi duoc ti6n hanh tai xa Dai Minh, huyen Yen Binh, tinh Yen Bai tir thang 11 nam 2016 d€n thang 12 nam 2018, duoc bo tri theo phuong phap thong dung ddi voi cay an qua. M6i thi nghiem gCm 4 cong thiic vol 3 lan nhac lai, m6i 6 thi nghiem theo doi 3 cay. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay: Cong thiic phan vi sinh SPS clean voi ty le pha loang nuac 1/800 tren cay biroi Dai Minh 9 tuoi cho nang suat cao nhat (66,6 - 72,5 kg/cay); khdi luong thit qua dat cao nhat (489,9 - 535,9 g/qua); ty le phan an dupe dat 57,8 - 61,8%;hani luong brix (10,9%) va ham luong vitamin C dat cao nhat (116 - 122,5 mg%); hieu qua kinh te cao nhat (379,363 - 486,863 tneu dong/ha/nam), Sir dung cong thiic phan vi sinh SPS clean voi ty le pha loang nuoc 1/800 tren cay buoi Dai Minh 14 tudi cho nang suat cao (86,0 - 86,2 kg/cay); khdi luong thit qua dat cao nhat (558,7 - 611,3 g/qua) va ty le an duoc dat 60,6 - 65,7%; do brix (10,4 -11,3%) va ham luong vitamin C (101,2 - 122,8 mg%) dat cao nhat; hieu qua kmh te cao nhat (cho lai thuan dat 451,550 - 472,800 trieu dong/ha/nam).
Tir khda: Chatlaang, budi Dai Minh, nang suat, phan vi sinh. Yen Bai.
I.DATVANDE
Huyfen Yen Binh, tinh Yen Bai co dieu kien khi hau thuan loi de phat trien san xuat cay an qua theo huong hang hoa, frong do buoi Dai Minh la mot trong nhimg eay an qua dac san dia phucmg c6 gia tri kinh te cao, diroc frong phd bien tai huyen Yen Binh, tinh Yen Bai voi dien tich lon dem lai thu nhap cao eho nguoi dan Yen Binh. Mac dii duge tinh chu frpng dau tu de phat trien san xuat buoi Dai Minh, nhung frong thuc te san xuat nguoi dan b day con gap rat nhieu kho khan frong viec nang cao chat luong va giam ty le kho qua. Cac bien phap canh tac nhu: bon phan, frroi nuoe, eat tia, phong trir sau benh hai duge thuc hien khong d&y du da lam anh huong nhieu den nang suat va chat lugng buoi Dai Minh. Trong do, dang k l den la viec dau tu phan bon cho san xuat ciing nhu ap dung ky thuat su dung phan bon a day chua duoe ehii trong nhieu. Hau het cac hg dieu fra d6u khong su dung phan huu eo eho cham soc vuon bum (85,15%), so con lai cung ehi sir dung b miic
' Truong Dai hoc Nong Lam Thai Nguyen - So Khoa hoc va Cong nghe YSn Bai
thap. Viec su dung phan v6 ca pho bien hork nhimg ciing CO tdi 70,70% sd ho khong sir dung; 21,18% sd hg su dung voi luong tir 1 - 2 kg phan NPK Lam Thao va chi 8,12% sd hg dimg fren 2 kg/cay/nam. 100% sd hg dilu fra khong sii dung bat cu mgt loai phan hon la nao trude thai diem dilu fra eho viec cham sdc vuon (Nguyin Qudc Himg, 2009) [3]. Qua do c6 the Ihay muc do d&u tu phan bon cho cay buoi a day chua eao, su dung ket hgp giiia phan chudng voi phan vi sinh, phan bdn qua la chua dugc ehu frpng nhieu. Bfin canh d6 su dung phan bon khong diing each lam cay sinh truong, phat trien kem; nang suat, pham chat giam Slit, bj kho tep qua, san pham lam ra chua thuc su dap ung nhu ciu ngay cang cao cua ngudi tieu dimg. Da co mot sd nghien cuu ky thuat canh tac doi voi cay buoi Dai Mmh nhung moi tap trung chu yeu ve ky thuat khoanh vo, thu phan bd sung, tuoi nude, bao qua va da phan nao gop phan nang eao nang suat buoi Dai Minh. Tuy nhien chua co nhiing nghien ciiu tap trung vl anh hudng cua phan vi sinh den nang suat, chat lugng budi. Do do nhung nghien ciiu sau vl phan vi sinh, bd sung dinh dirong de dam bao su can bang dmh duong eho eay la rat can thiet.
Xuat phat tir nhirng nhu cdu thuc te do, Truong D^ hoc Nong Lam Thai Nguyin dugc UBND tinh Yin Bai giao thtrc hien de tai: "Nghien cuu anh buong cua phan bdn ddn chat lupng buoi Bai Minh lai huydn Yin Bmh, tinh Yen Bai".
2. PHUDNG PHAP NGHIBU Ciiu 2.1. Ddi tugrng nghien cijru
Nghien cuu dugc tien hanh tren gidng budi Dai Minh 9 va 14 nam tudi.
2.2. vat li$u nghien oiu
Phan vi smh SPS clean: Do Cong ty TNHH XNK Cong nghe Cat Tudng san xuat. Phan vi sinh SPS clean chiia cae vi sinh vat song co hoat luc cao da dirge tuyIn chgn bao gom: Nam sgi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, nam men: Candida ulitis, Saccharomyces cerevisiare 2,9 x 10^ CFU/ml. Vi khuan: Bacillus subtihs, Bacillus llcheniformis, Azotobacter, Lactobacillus platarum. Xa khuan:
Stieptomyces sp.. Phan bdn vi sinh SPS clean cdn la hdn hpp dung dich dac chiia cac enzim, axit amin, cua vi khuan. Hdn hgp nay rat dn dinh trong co chat vdi tuoi thp cao va tat ca cac vi smh vat dlu sdng tai thdi diem su dung hon hgp nay.
Phan vi smh SPS clean dugc san xuat theo Chung nhan sd C002115-HQ5 cua Trung tam Khao, Kiem nghiem Phan bdn viing Nam bd. La san pham than thiln vdi mdi truong, khdng dgc hai voi nguoi va v%t nudi, cay frdng. San phdm phan vi sinh SPS clean lam tang siic de khang cho cay trdng, cd tae dung lam ung thdi trung sau, mam bSnh, phdng sau benh hai, de chdng chiu voi dieu kien bat thuan.
2.3. Dia di^m va thdi gian nghien ciru
• Dia diem nghien ciiu: xa Dai Minh. huyen Yen Binh, tinh Y6n Bai.
- Thdi gian nghien ciiu: Tir thang 11 nam 2016 denthangl2nam2018.
2.4. Phmmg phAp thi nghiem
- Cdng thiic thi nghiem: CTI: Phun nuoe la (ddi chting); (TT 2: Phun SPS clean ty Ie pha loang nude 1/600; CT 3: Phun SPS clean ty le pha loang mrac 1/800; CT 4: Phun SPS clean ty le pha loang nuac 1/LOOO.
- Bd tri thi nghiem: Hai thi nghiem bd tri fren cay budi 9 va 14 tuoi cua vudn san xuat cua mot ndng dan xa Dai Minh. Mdi thi nghiem gdm 4 cdng thuc.
theo doi 3 eay la mdt lan nhdc lai (bo fri cay thi nghiem fren 3 vi tri tir thap len cao tinh theo dudng dong miic), chon cay da ra qua, ddng dlu vl tudi, cay sinh trudng, phat tnIn tdt va dai dien cho khu thi nghiem; tdng sd cay frSn mot thi nghiem la 36 cay.
Tren mdi cay chon 12 qua chia theo 4 hudng, moi hudng 3 qua de theo ddi cae ehi heu.
3 . KET QUA NGHBI CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Nghien ciiu anh huong cua phan vi sinh SPS clean den nang suat va chdt lugng budi D ^ Minh 9 tuoi tai huyen Yin Binh, tinh Yin Bai
3.1.1. Anh hudng cua phan vi sinh SPS clean den nang suat qua budi Dai Minh 9 tiidi
So qua thu hoach fren cay cda cae edng thiic nam 2017 dao ddng 65,7 - 81,2 qua/cay. Kit qua xir ly thdng ke cho thay sai khac ed y nghia giiia cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem. Cac cdng thiic 2, 3 va 4 cd sd qua fren cay dat 76,3 - 81,2 qua/cay, cao hon cd y nghia so vdl cdng thiic ddi chiing d' miic tin cay 95%. Cdng thiic 3 (phun ty le 1/800) cd sd qua thu hoach tr6n cay cao nhat; sd qua thu hoach fren cay nam 2018 dao ddng frong khoang 73,8 - 98,4 qua/cay; edng thiic 2, 3 va 4 cd sd qua thu hoach trung binh dat 88,0 - 98,4 qua/eSy, cao han so vdi edng thiie ddi chiing d' miic tin cay 95%.
Khdi lugng qua trung binh fren cay eua eac cdng thue dao ddng tir 0,777 - 0,9 kg/qua. Kit qua xu ly thdng ke eho thay sai khac cd y nghia giua cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghilm. Cdng thiic 2, 3 va 4 ed khdi luong qua trung binh 0,862 - 0,9 kg/qua, cao ban ed y nghia so vdd cdng thiic ddi chiing d' miic tin cay 95%, frong nam 2018, dao ddng frong khoang 0,783 - 0,906 g/qua. Cdng thiic 2 (phun ty ll pha nude 1/600) va cdng thiie 3 (phun ty le pha nude 1/800) cd khdi luong qua ti-ung binh 0,809 - 0,824 g/qua, tuong duong so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing d' miic tin eay 95%.
Cdng thirc 4 (phun ty le pha nude 1/1000) cd khdi lugng 0,906 g/qua, cao hon so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing d' miic tin cay 95%.
Trong nam 2017, nang suat ly thuyet (NSLT) cua eac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem dao ddng tir 319,2 - 435,1 ta/ha. Cdng thiie 1 (phun nude la) cd NSLT thap han hdn so voi cac cdng thtre phun SPS, edng thiie 3 (phun ty le pha nuoc 1/800) ed NSLT cao nhat 435,1 ta/ha. Kit qua xir li thdng ke cho thay cac edng thiic tham gia thi nghiem sai khac cd y nghia so vdi cdng thiic ddi chimg d' mirc tin cay 95%. Trong nam 119
KHOA HOC CONG NG
2018, NSLT dat tir 359,6 - 502,7 ta/ha. Cong thirc 2, 3 voi c6ng thilc ddi chung (395,6 ta/ha) cr mirc tin cay va 4 CO NSLT dat 443,8 - 502,7 qua/cay, cao hon so 95%.
Cong thuc 1. Phun nuoc la (d/c) 2. Tyle pha nuoc 1/600 3. Tyle pha nuoc 1/800 4. Tyle pha nuoc 1/1000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
So qua thu hoach/cay (qua/cay) 2017 65,7 76,8 81,2 76,3
<0,05 6,7 10,1
2018 73.7 88,0 98,4 85,1
<0,05 5,9 10,2
Khoi lugng qua (kg/qua) 2017 0,777 0,900 0,862 0,868
<0,05 3,5 0,06
2018 0,783 0,809 0,824 0,906
<0,05 4,5 0,07
NSLT (ta/ha) 2017 319,2 433,9 435,1 414,8
<0,05 5,5 44,3
2018 359,6 443,8 502,7 480,4
<0,05 8,5 75,7
NSTT (kg/cay) 2017 46,8 65,3 66,6 60,9
<0,05 6,5 7,8
2018 49,9 61,9 72,5 68,4
<0,05 9,8 12,4 Trong nam 2017, nang suat thuc thu (NSTT) ciia
cac cdng thiie tham gia thi nghiem dao ddng trong khoang 46,8 - 66,6 kg/cay. Cdng thiic 3 cd nang suat cao nhat 66,6 kg/cay, cimg vdi NSLT va sd qua trung binh fren cay dat cao nhat frong eac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem va cd the thay viec phun SPS heu lugng 1/800 cho nang suat tdt nhat. Kit qua xir h thdng ke cho thay cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem sai khac co y nghia so vdi ddi chiing d' miie tin cay 95%. Trong nam 2018, NSTT cua cac cdng thiic dao ddng tir 49,9 - 72,5 kg/eay. Cdng thirc 2 ed NSTT tuong duang cdng thiic ddi chiing (49,9 kg/cay).
Cdng thiic 3 va 4 cd NSTT eao hon so vdi ddi chiing b miie tin cay 95%.
3.1.2. Anh hudng cua phan vi sinh SPS clean den dac diem cua qua budi Dai Minh 9 tudi
Khdi lupng thit qua eua cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao ddng frong khoang 458,1 - 542,5 g/qua. Ket qua xu ly thdng ke cho thay cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem sai khac cd y nghia so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing d' miic tin cay 95%. Cdng thiic 2, 3 va 4 cd khdi luong thit qua eao hon cd y nghia so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing. Cdng thiic 2 (phun ty le pha nude 1/600) ed khdi lugng thit qua eao nhat, dat 542,5 g/qua; edng thiic 3 (phun ty le pha nuoc 1/800) va edng thiic 4 (phun ti l l pha nude 1/1.000) cd khdi lugng thit qua cao Idn lugt xep thii 2 va thu 3.
Trong nam 2018, khdi lugng thit qua dao ddng frong khoang 413,2 - 522,9 g/qua. Cdng thiie 2 va 3 cd khdi lugng thit qua dat tir 456,4 - 489,9 g/qua, tuong duong cdng thiic ddi chiing (456,4 g/qua). Cdng thirc 4 cd khdi luong thit qua 522,9 g/qua, cao hon so vdi edng thiic ddi chiing d' miie tin eSy 95%.
Bang 2. Anh huong cua SPS clean d^n dac di^m cua qua buoi Dai Minh 9 tuoi nam 2017
Cong thuc 1. Phun nuoc la (d/c) 2 Tyle pha nuoc 1/600 3. Ty le pha nuoc 1/800 4. Tyle pha nuoc 1/1000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
Khdi luong thit qua (g/qua) 485,1 542,5 535,9 520,9
<0,05 3.0 31,4
Chidu cao qua (cm) 12,1 11,8 12,3 12,3
>0,05 2,8
Dudng kinh
qua (cm) 11,4 11,8 11,2 11,2
>0,05 4,2
Khdi Immg vd qua (g/qua) 233.6 266,9 260,0 251,7
>0,05 8,1
Khdi lugng hat (g/hat)
27,75 27,64 25,48 27,00
>0,05 15,7
Sdhat (hat/qua)
106,1 98,8 107,7 35,9
<0,05 29,0 50,5
Tyle phan an duoc (%) 61,53 61,31 61,80 61,56
Tyle khd tep
(%)
0 0 0 0
Chidu cao qua c i a cac cdng thirc tham gia thi nhat (12,3 cm), trong khi cdng thiic 2 (phun ty Id pha nghiem nam 2017 dao ddng trong khoang 11,8 - 12,3 nude 1/600) cd chidu cao qua thap nhat (11,8 cm), cm, cdng thiic 3 (phun ty le pha nude 1/800) va 4 thSp hon so vdi cdng thuc ddi chiing (12,1 cm), (phun ty le pha nude 1/1.000) cd chidu cao qua cao Chidu cao qua nam 2018 dao ddng trong khoang 11,1
-11,5 cm. Ket qua xu li thdng ke cho thay chilu cao qua sai khac khdng cd y nghia so vdi ddi chiing 6- miic tin cay 95%. Cdng thiic 4 (phun 1/1000) cd chilu cao qua lon nhat.
Duong kinh qua cua cac cdng thiic nam 2017 dao ddng tir 11,2 - 11,8 cm, cdng thiic 2 (phun ty le pha nude 1/600) cd dudng kinh qua cao nhat, cdng thiic 3 (phun ty le pha nude 1/800) va 4 (phun ty l l pha nuoc 1/1.000) ed dudng kinh qua thap nhat, thap hon so voi cdng thiic ddi chiing (phun nud-c la) (chilu cao qua 11,4 cm). Dudng kinh qua nam 2018 dao ddng frong khoang 12,2 - 12,4 cm. Kit qua xu li thong ke cho thay dudng kinh qua sai khae khdng ed y nghia o miic tin eay 95%.
Khdi lugng vd qua eua cae cdng thiie nam 2017 dao dgng hi 233,6 - 266,9 g/qua, nam 2018 dao ddng tir 269,3 - 312,3 g/qua. Ket qua xir h thdng ke cho thay khdi lugng vd qua sai khae khdng cd y nghia b muc tin cay 95%.
Khdi lugng hat cua cac edng thiic tiiam gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao ddng frong khoang 25,48 - 27,75 g/hat. Cdng thiic 1 phun nude la cd khdi luong hat eao nhat trong cac edng thiic tham gia thi nghilm. Trong nam 2018 khdi lupng hat cua cac cong thiic dao ddng frong khoang 27,1-34,7 g/hat.
Cdng thiic 4 cd khdi lugng hat 27,1 g/hat, hrong duong so vdi cdng thiie ddi chiing (27,8 g). Cdng thiic 2 va 3 cd khdi lugng hat dat 30,4 - 34,7 g/hat, cao hon so vdi ddi chiing d- miic tin eay 95%.
Bang 3. Anh huong cua SPS clean d^n dSc di^m cua qua
Cdng thiic
1. Phun nude la (d/c) 2. Tyle pha 1/600 3. Ty Id pha 1/800 4. Tyle pha 1/1000
? CV(%) LSD0,05
Khdi lugng thit qua (g/qua) 413,2 456,4 489,9 522,9
<0,05 7,3 69,0
Chieu cao qua (cm) 11,1 11,1 11,1 11,5
>0,05 3,4
Dudng kinh
qua (cm) 12,3 12,4 12,2 12,4
>0,05 1,2
Khdi lugng vd
qua (g/qua)
278,0 281,5 269,3 312,3
>0,05 3,3
buoi Dai Minh 9 tuoi nam 2018 Khdi
luong hat (g/hat)
27,8 30,4 34,7 27,1
<0,05 3,4 2,0
Sdhat (hat/qua)
109,0 98,8 86,5 95,2
>0,05 9,4
Tyle phan an
dugc
(%)
54,2 55,1 57,8 56,7
Tyle khd tep
(%)
0 0 0 0
Ty le phan an dugc frong qua eiia eac cdng thiic nSm 2017 dao ddng frong khoang 61,31 - 61,8%, chenh llch trong ti le an dugc giiia cac cdng thiic la khdng dang ke, tiiy nhien nam 2018, ty le phan an duoc cua eae cdng thiic co sy thay ddi, dao ddng tir 54,2 - 57,7%. Cdng thiie 3 cd ty le phan an dugc cao nhat.
Trong dieu kiln thue hien d l tai phai danh gia rahi sau thdi gian thu hoach 15 ngay da nhan thay ty ie khd tip thdi diem danh gia mau la 0% a cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghilm va khdng xuat hien miii bi khd tep frong 2 nam thuc hien de tai.
3.1.3. Anh hudng cua phan vlslnh SPSclean den chat luong qua budi Dai Minh 9 tuoi
H ^ luong brix ciia qua frong cac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao dgng tii 9,4 - 10,3%, nam 2018 dao ddng tu 10,3 -10,9%. Kit qua xu li thong ke cho thay ham lugng brix cua eae cdng thiic sai khac khdng ed y nghia so vdi ddi chiing d- miic tin cay 95%.
Dd chua eua budi d- cac cdng thiie tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dat 2,34 - 4,23%. Kit qua xu \\
thdng ke cho thay do chua cua cae cdng thiie sai khac khdng cd y nghia so vdi ddi chiing d- miic tm cay 95%. Trong nam 2018, dp chua cua cac cdng thiic dao ddng frong khoang 0,60 - 1,39%. Cac cdng thiic 2 (ty le pha nude 1/600), cdng thiic 3 (ty ll pha nude 1/800) va cdng thiic 4 (ty le pha nude 1/1000) cd do chua 0,6 - 0,83%, thap hon so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing (1,38%) a miie hn cay 95%.
Ham luong vitamin C frong qua d- eac cdng thiie tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao ddng tir 101,3 - 116,0 mg%. Kit qua xu h thdng ke cho tiiay cac cdng thiie tham gia tiii nghiem sai khac ed y nghia so vdi ddi chiing b mirc tin cay 95%. Cdng thiie 2 cd ham luong vitamin C trung binh frong qua 101,3 mg%, thap hon so vai cdng thue ddi chung (103,5 mg%).
Cdng thiic 3 (ty le pha nud-c 1/800) va 4 (ty le pha nuoc 1/1.000) cd ham lupng vitamm C 112,9 - 116,0 mg%, eao hon edng thiic ddi chiing. Nam 2018. ham
KHOA HOC CONG NG
lugng vitamin C dao ddng tir 105,7 - 122,5 mg/lOOg. duong cdng thiic ddi chiing (105,7 mg%). Cdng thuc Cdng fhiic 2 (ty le pha 1/600) va cdng fhiic 4 cd ham 3 cd ham luong vitamm C 122,5 mg%, cao hgn cdng lugng vitamin C dao ddng tu 108,1 -117,2 mg%, tuong fhiic ddi chiing d miic tm cay 95%.
Cdng thiic
1. Phun nude la(d/c) 2.Tyldpha 1/600 3. Tyle pha 1/800 4. Tyle pha 1/1000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
Ty le nude frong lOOg qua (%) 2017 90,3 90,2 89,5 89,4
2018 89.0 89,2 89,2 89,3
SPS clean Sin chS
Ddbnx
(%)
2017 10,2 9,4 9,8 10,3
>0,05 2018
10,3 10,6 10,9 10,7
>0,05 4,4
Dd chua (%) 2017 2,90 2,74 4,23 2,34
>0,05 42,3
2018 1,39 0,83 0,60 0,78
<0,05 16,9 0,3
9 tudi
VTM C (mg%)
2017 103,5 101,3 116,0 112,9
<0,05 0,7 1,5
2018 105,7 108,1 122,5 117,2
<0,05 6,2 14,1
Ham lugng chat khd (%) 2017
9,7 9,8 10,5 10,6
2018 11,0 10,8 10,8 11,7
Ham luong nuoe va chat khd trong qua d- ca 2 nam cd su thay ddi nhe, ham lugng chat khd 6 nam thir 2 da tang tir 9,7 - 10,6% a nam 2017 lln 10,8 - 11,7% a nam 2018.
Su dung phan vi sinh SPS clean bang each phun true tilp qua la va phun xuong dat nen ed anh hudng tdi dinh dudng frong dat va la cua cay budi. Tuy nhien qua 2 nam su dung cd the nhan thay miic tang cua ham lugng dinh duong frong ca dat va la dat chua cao do dac dilm cua phan bdn. Viec sii dung SPS clean d- cac ndng dp nhat dinh ciing mang tdi hidu qua. Cdng thiic cd ty le pha 1/800 qua 2 nam sir dung cho nang suM qua cao, sd qua trung binh fren cay dat cao nhat, Viec su dung SPS ty ll pha nude 1/800 lam giam sd hat/qua, tang ty le phan an duoc cao nhat frong eac cdng thiic thi nghiem va han che hien tuong khd tip qua khi khdng phat hien hien tugng khd tip frong 2 nam thi nghiem. Cdug thiic ty le pha nude 1/800 cung lam giam dd chua, tang dp brix va ham lugng vitamm C trong qua.
3.1.4. Hach toan hnh te qua cac cdng thuc bdn phan vl sinh SPS clean tidn cay budi 9 tudi
Miic tdng thu eiia cac cdng thiic nam 2017 dao dgng frong khoang 410,625 - 507,5 trieu ddng/ha va tdng chi dat 124.388 -129,338 frieu ddng/ha. Miic lai thuan dat duoe dao dgng 286,238 - 379,363 frieu ddng/ha. Cdng thirc 3 cd miic lai thudn cao nhat, nam 2018 dat 336,238 - 486,863 frieu dong/ha.
3.2. Nghidn ciiu anh huong cua ph§n vi sinh SPS clean din nSng su^t va chat lupng buoi Dai Minh 14 tudi tai huy§n Yin Binh, tinh Yen Bii
3.2.1. Anh hudng cua phan vi sinh SPSclean den nang suat qua cua budi Dal Mmh 14 tudi
Sd qua thu hoach fren eay cua cac cdng thiic nam 2017 dao ddng frong khoang 70,4 - 96,6 qua.
Cac cdng thiic su dung phan SPSclean cd sd lugng qua fren cay dat 86,8 - 96,9 qua, eao han edng thiic ddi chiing d- miic tin eay 95%. Cdng thiic 3 (ty Ie pha loang 1/8(X)) co sd qua thu hoach tren cay eao nhat.
Nam 2018, sd qua fren eay dao dgng 76,7 -100,3 qua.
Cdng thiie 2 va 4 cd sd qua 85,9 ~ 86,2 qua, tuang duong cdng thiic ddi chiing a miic tm cay 95%. Cdng thiic 3 (100,3 qua/cay) cd sd qua thu hoach cao hon ddi ehiing d" miic tm cay 95%.
Khdi lugng qua trung binh ciia eac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao dgng frong khoang 0,782 - 0,947 kg/qua. Cae cdng thiic su dung phan SPSclean cd khdi lugng qua frung binh 0,837 - 0,947 kg/qua, cao hon edng thiic ddi chting phun nud-c la d- miic tin eay 95%. Nam 2018, khdi lugng qua dao ddng tir 0,766 - 0,958 kg/qua. Kit qua xu Ii thdng ke cho thay khdi lupng qua sai khae khdng cd y nghia so vdi ddi chiing 6- miie tin cay 95%.
Nang suat ly thuylt (NSLT) eua cac cdng tiiiic tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao ddng frong khoang 343,8 - 572,9 ta/ha. Cd the thay NSLT cua
bitoi phii thudc vao sd lugng qua tren cay va khdi lutmg qua trung binh. Cdng thiic 3 cd khdi lugng qua va so lugng qua tren cay cao nhat, nen NSLT cung dat lon nhat. Cac cdng thiic str dung SPSclean deu cd NSLT cao hon so vgi cdng thiie ddi chiing phun nude la r miie cay 95%. Trong nam 2018, NSLT dao ddng
Bang 5. Anh htrong ciia SPS clean d^n ning s u ^ qua buoi Dai Minh Uljidj
fir 366,2 - 598,0 ta/ha. Cdng thiic 2 va 4 cd NSLT 475,4 - 484,3 ta/ha, ttrong duong cdng thiic ddi chung (366,2 ta/ha) dmiic tin eay 95%. Cdng thiic 3 (598,0 ta/ha) cd NSLT cao hon ddi chiing d muc tin cay 95%.
Cdng thtrc 1. Phun nude la (d/c) 2. Tyle pha 1/600 3.1 Id pha 1/800 4. Ty Id pha 1/1000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
Sd qua thu hoaeh/cay (qua)
2017 70,4 88,6 96,9 86,8
<0,05 8,1 14,0
2018 76,7 85,9 100,3 86,2
<0,05 8,2 14,2
Khdi lugng qua (kg/qua) 2017 0,782 0,837 0,947 0,910
<0,05 3,9 0,067
2018 0,766 0,886 0,958 0,898
>0,05 8,7
NSLT (ta/ha) 2017 343,8 465,0 572,9 510,3
<0,05 9,3 87,8
2018 366.2 475,8 598,0 484,3
<0,05 12,8 122,9
NSTT (kg/cay) 2017 49,6 72,4 86,0 75,8
<0,05 8,2 11,7
2018 50,4 64,4 86,2 71,0
<0,05 11,1 15,1 Trong nam 2017, nang suat thuc thu (NSTT)
ciia cac cdng thiic dao ddng trong khoang 49,6 - 86,0 kg/eay. Cdng thirc 2 (ty le pha nuac 1/600), cdng thiic 3 (ty ll pha nud-c 1/800) va edng thiie 4 (ty 11 pha nuac 1/1.000) cd NSTT 72,4 - 86,0 kg/cay, cao hon cdng thiic ddi chiing d- miic tin ciy 95%. Trong nam 2018, NSTT dao dgng 50,4 - 86,2
Bang 6. Anh hu6ng cua SPS clean din dSc dilm chilu cao, dudng kinh qua budi Did Minh 14 tudi thi nghidm nam 2017
kg/cay. Cdng thiie 2 ed NSTT 64,4 kg/cay, thap nhat la cdng thiic ddi chiing (50,4 kg/cay). Cdng thirc 3 va 4 cd NSTT 71,0 - 86,2 kg/cay, cao hon ddi chiing 6- miic tm cay 95%.
3.2.2. Anh hudng cua phan vi sinh SPSclean den dac diem cua qua budi Dai Minh 14 tudi
Cdng thiic
1. Phun nude la (d/c) 2. Tyle pha nude 1/600 3. Tyle pha nude 1/800 4.Tyld pha nude 1/1000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
Khdi lugng thit qua (g/qua) 381,0 502,0 611,3 568,1
<0,05 7,6 78,6
Chieu cao qua (cm) 10,9 11,5 12,0 11,6
<0,05 2,8 0,6
Dudng kinh qua (cm) 11,4 12,2 13,6 12,4
<0,05 4,2 1,0
Khdi lugng vd
qua (g/qua)
267,3 254,3 248,6 243,2
>0,05 8,1
Khdi lugng hat (g/hat)
24,5 26,7 26,1 26,6
>0,05 15,7
Sdhat (haf/quii)
101,3 102,5 97,5 103,7
>0,05 2,4
Tyle phan an
duoc
(%)
51,1 60,5 65,7 64,0
Tyle khd tep
(%)
0 0 0 0
Khdi lugng thit qua eua eac cdng thiic tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao ddng trong khoang 381,0 - 611,3 g/qua. Cac cdng thiic sir dung SPSclean ed khdi lugng thit qua tir 520,0 - 611,3 g/qua, cao hon cdng thiic ddi chiing phun nude la d miic tm cay 95%.
Trong nam 2018, khdi lugng thit qua dao ddng tir 390,8 - 558,7 g/qua. Kef qua xu li thdng ke eho thay cac edng thue sai khac khdng ed y nghia so vdi ddi chiing d mtrc fin cay 95%. Cac dieu kien bit thuan eiia thdi tiet va nhung yeu td ngoai canh khach quan 123
KHOA HOC CONG NG
khac da anh hucmg tdi khoi luong thit qua eiia cay nguyen va cd xu hucmg tang lln nen anh hudng toi ty huoi; trong nam 2018 khdi lugng thit qua cd xu Ie an dugc.
hudng giam di, trong khi khdi lugng qua lai giir
Cdng thiie
1. Phun nude la (d/c) 2. Ty le pha nude 1/600 3. Tyle pha nude 1/800 4. Tyle pha nude 1/1000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
Khdi lugng thit qua (g/qua) 390,8 472,1 558,7 481,5
>0,05 12,9 69,0
Chidu cao qua (cm) 11,1 11,3 11,2 10,9
>0,05 1,8
Dudng kinh
qua (cm) 12,5 12,4 13,0 11,8
>0,05 3,6
Khdi lugng vd
qua (g/qua)
287,1 290,3 280,8 307,7
>0,05 10,9
Khdi lugng hat (g/hat)
30,7 31,4 24,4 30,0
<0,05 6,4 2,0
Sdhat hat/qua)
117,3 108.3 98,2 95,2
<0,05 3,7 13,4
Tyle ph^nan
dugc (96) 51,0 55,4 60,6 55,2
Tyle khd
tep
(%)
0 0 0 0
Ty le phSn an duoe a eac cdng thiic tham gia '=""8 * i i e su dung phan vi sinh SPS clean cd ty le thi nghiem dao ddng trong khoang 51,1 - 65,7% Phan an dugc cao hon ban cdng thiic phun nude la.
trong nam 2017 va fir 51,0 - 60,6% nam 2018. Cae 3.2.3. Anh hudng cua phan ri sinh SPS clean deh chat lupng qua buoi Bar Minh 14 tuoi
Bang 8. Anh htrong cua SPS clean ddn ch^t luong qua budi Dai Minh 14 tudi Cdng thiic
1. Phun nude la (d/c) 2.Tyle pha 1/600 3. Ty le pha 1/800 4.Tyle pha 1/1.000 P
CV(%) LSD0,05
Ty le nugc trong 100gqua(%) 2017
89,0 89,2 89,2 89,3
2018 89,7 88,9 89,3 89,3
Dd brix (%) 2017
10,3 9,0 10,4 9,2
<0,05 2,0 0,4
2018 10,3 10,8 11,3 10,5
<0,05 3,7 0,8
Do chua (%) 2017 2,88 3,25 3,21 2,94
<0,05 0,7 0,04
2018 1,25 0,83 0,82 0,75
<0,05 18,3 0,33
VTM C (mg%) 2017 104,3 102,9 101,2 100,7
<0,05 0,5 1,0
2018 109,1 113,9 122,8 116,1
>0,05 5,8
Ham luong chat khd (%) 2017
11,0 10,8 10,8 11,7
2018 10,3 10,3 11,1 10,7
Ham lugng brix cua qua a cac cdng thuc nam 2017 dao ddng trong khoang 9,2 - 10,4%; edng thiic 2 va 4 ed do brix 9.2- 9,4%, thap hon cdng thiic ddi chiing (10,3). Cdng thiic 3 cd do brix 10,4%, tuong duong cdng thiic ddi chiing b miic tin cay 95%. Trong nam 2018, ham lugng hrix eua cac cdng thiic dao dgng trong khoang 10,3 - 11,3%. Cdng thiic 2 (ty le pha nuoc 1/600) va cdng thiic 4 (ty le pha nuoc 1/1000) cd do brix 10,5 - 10,8%, tuong duong cdng
thiic ddi chiing (10,3). Cdng thuc 3 (ty le pha nude 1/800) cd do brix 11,3%, eao hon ddi ehiing d- mire tin cay 95%.
Ham lugng vitamin C cua cac cdng thiic nam 2017 dao ddng trong khoang 100,7 - 104,3 mg/lOOg.
Cd thi thay lugng vitamm C trong cae cdng thiic su dung SPSclean thap hon so vdi edng thiic ddi chiing phun nude la a miic tin cay 95%. Trong nam 2018, ham luong vitamin C a cac cdng thiic dao dgng 109,1
-122,8 mg/lOOg. Kit qua xu li thdng ke cho thay eac cong thuc sai khac khdng cd y nghia so vdi ddi chiing b miic tin cSy 95%.
Ham lugng nuoc va chat kho trong qua qua 2 nam thuc hien de tai khdng co nhieu sy thay doi.
Qua 2 nam thuc hien thi nghilm cd the thay su- dung phan vi sinh SPS clean lln cay buoi 14 nam tu6i cd anh huong tdi nang suat mgt each ro ret, cac chi tiiu ve chtit lugng sau 2 nam cung dugc cai thiln ro ret. Cu the phun SPS clean ty le pha loang 1/800 da nang cao do brix, giam do chua va tang ham lugng vitamin C. So sanh vdi thi nghiem su dung SPS clean 6 cay 9 nam tudi eho k i t qua thu diroc tuong duong nhau va cho thay sir dung SPS clean ty le pha loang 1/800 phii hgp cho ciy buoi Dai Minh.
32.4. Hach toan kinh te qua cac cdng thuc bdn phan vlslnh SPSclean cho bum Dal Mmh 14 tudi
Tdng thu cua cae edng thiic tham gia thi nghiem nam 2017 dao dgng trong khoang 440,000- 605,625 tneu ddng/ha. Cdng thiic 3 co miic thu 605,625 trieu ddng/ha cao nhat trong cac thi nghiem. Miic chi ciia cae cdng thiic cung khdng cd sir chinh llch nhieu, dao dgng trong khoang 150,325 trieu ddng/ha 155,275 ddng/ha.Lai thuan dao ddng trong khoang 289,675- 451,550 trilu ddng/ha. Cdng thiic 3 (ty le pha loang 1/800) cho lai thuan eao nhat.
Tdng thu trong nam 2018 dat 479,375 - 626,875 trieu dong/ha. Lai thuan 329,050 - 472,800 trieu dong/ha, cdng thiie 3 (ty le 1/800) cd miic lai thuan cao nhat cao hon cdng thiie ddi chiing 143,300 trieu dong.
4. KET LUAN VA BE NGHI 4.1.KltIu|ln
- Cdng thuc phun phan vi sinh SPS clean voi ty le pha loang 1/800 tren eay buoi Dai Minh 9 tuoi cho nang suat cao nhat (66,6 - 72,5 kg/cay), khdi luong thit qua dat eao nhat (489,9 - 535,9 g/qua): ty ll phSn an dugc dat 57,8 - 61,8%, ham lugng brix (10,9%) va ham luong vitamin C dat cao nhat (116 - 122,5 mg%);
hieu qua kmh te cao nhat (379,363 ^86,863 trieu dong/ha/nam).
- Sii dung cdng thiic phun phan vi sinh SPS clean vm ty le pha loang 1/800 fren cay buoi Dai Minh 14 tuoi cho nang suat cao (86,0 - 86,2 kg/cay), khdi
lugng thit qua dat cao nhat (558,7 - 611,3 g/qua) va ty 11 an dugc dat 60,6 - 65,7%; do brix (10,4 - 11,3%) va ham lugng vitamm C (101,2 - 122,8 mg%) dat cao nhat; hiiu qua kmh te eao nhat (cho lai thudn 451,550 - 472,800 trilu ddng/ha/nam).
4.2. D l nghi
Khuyen eao cac ndng hd trong buoi Dai Mmh, tiiy timg nhdm tudi cay, ap dung cdng thiic sii dung phan bdn thieh hgp (tinh eho 1 eay) de tang nang suat, chat lugng:
- Ddi vdl nhdm 8 - 1 0 tudi: 10 kg phan huu co vi sinh + 1,3 kg dam ure -n 1,7 kg Ian supe + 1,1 kg kahelorua + phun phan vi smh SPS clean vdi ty le pha loang 1/800+ 1 kg vdi bdt
- Ddi vdi nhdm 13 - 15 hioi: 10 kg phan hiiu co vi sinh + 2,4 kg dam ure -(• 8,2 kg lan supe + 1,1 kg kahelorua + phun phan vi sinh SPS clean voi ^ ll pha loang 1/800 -i-1 kg vdi bdt.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Chi cue Thdng ke tinh Yen Bai, 2016.
2. Vu Cdng Hau (1996). TrojT^ cay an qua d Viet Nam. NXB Ndng nghilp. Ha Ndi.
3. Nguyin Qudc Hiing (2009. Nghidn cuu nguyen nhan gay giam nang suat budi Dai Minh - Bien phap khac phuc. Bao cao tong kit de tai khoa hge. Vien Nghiln cuu Rau Qua, Ha Ndi.
4. La Tuan Hung, Dao Thanh Van (2017). Kit qua nghien ciiu anh hudng eua phan bdn la va bao qua din nang suat, chat lugng budi Dai Minh tai huyen Yen Binh, tinh Yen Bai. Tap chi Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn, sd 22 nam 2017.
5. Phan Yin San (2010). DiSu tia ky thuat canh tac va khao sat hidn tuang khd dau mui tiai quyt Hdng tai huyen Lai Vung tinh Ddng Thap. Luan van Thac S! Khoa hpc Ndng nghiep. Trudng Dai hge Can Tha.
6. Tran The Tue (1995). Cay budi va trien vong phat trien d Viet Nam. Tap chi Khoa hgc Ky thuat - Bd Ndng nghiep va Cdng nghiep thuc pham.
7. Tunmer L.W. and Larry W. (1999).DOT/S Healtii Management APS PRESS the American Phytopatho logical Society.
8. Walter Reuther et al.(1989).7Se citiiis Industry.Vol ('^^.Puplication of University of California, USA.
125
KHOA HOC CONO »
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SPSCLEAN MICR0BIALFE8TIIJZERT0 THE YIELD ANDQUAUTY OF DAI MINH PUMMELO 9 AND 14 YEARS IN YEN BINH DISraiCT, YEN BAI PROVINCE
Tran Trang Kieii>", Ha Duy Traong', Nguyen Minh Tuan\
Luu Thi Xuyen', Phan ThiThuHang'.DuongThi Nguyen', Hoang Km Dieu', Nguyen Manh Hung", Le Xuan Thanh^
'TbniNguyen University oIAgricultiire andForestiy -YenBaiDepartinent of Science and Technology Summaiy
Study the effect of SPS Clean microbial fertilizer on the yield and quality of Dai Minh pomelo variety 9 and 14 years in Dai Minh commune. Yen Binh distnct. Yen Bai provmce. TTie experiment was conducted from November 2016 to December 2018, arranged according to the common method in fniit trees, each experiment consisted of 4 formulas with 3 replicates, each experiment was monitored 3 plants . The research results show that The SPS Clean fertilizer formula at the rate of water dissolubihty 1/800 on 9- year-old Dai Minh pomelo has the highest yield (66.6 - 72.5 kg / tree), the volume of frint flesh reaches highest (489.9 - 535.9 g / fruit); the raUo of food mtake was 57.8 - 61.8%, brix content (10.9) and vitamin C content was highest (116 - 122.5 mg*); the highest economic efflciency (VND 379.363 - 486.863 milhon/ha/year). Using SPS Clean microbial fertilizer formula at the rate of water dissolubility 1/800 on 14- year-old Dai Minh pomelo for high yield (86.0 - 86.2 kg / tree), the highest volume of fniit pulp (558.7 - 611,3 g / fruit) and the edible rate reaches 60.6 - 65.7%; the brix degree (10.4 - 11.3) and the vitamin C content (101.2 - 122.8 mg%) were the highest^ highest economic efficiency (for net profit reached 451.550 - 472.800 million \'XD/ha/year).
Key wortis: Quality, Dai Minh pummelo, yeild, microbial fertilizer. Yen Bai.
Ngiroi phan bita TS, Bui Huy Hi4n Ngay nhan bai: 15/3/2019 Ngay thong qua phan bita: 18/4/2019 Ngay duy6t dang: 25/4/2019
126
