Phu-OTig phap logic - lich su trong nghien cihi kinh te thi trutmg or Viet Nam
Nguyen Thi Thdy V a n '
' Tmong Dai hpc Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 14 thdng 8 nam 2018. Chip nhan dang ng^y 17 thang 9 nam 2018.
Tom tat: Phuang phap logic - lich su la phuong phap nhan thiic quan ttpng cua phuong phap luan bien chiing. Phuang phap logic - Hch sii yeu cau ttong hoat dpng nhan thiic phai dat doi tuang ttong qud tdnh phat triin lich sir cua dii tugng de nghien ciiu, ding thoi phai chi ra logic phit tnen cua doi nipng tir tfnh da dang va cu thi ciia lich sir. Khi van dyng phuang phap logic - Hch su trong nghien ciiu kinh t i thi ttudng d Viet Nam, cin chi ra tinh logic cua qua trinh phit trien kinh te; dieu do co thi giup chung ta 1^ giai dugc nhihig biiu hi?n sinh dpng cua hien thyc phat trien kinh te 6 Viet Nam hien nay.
Tir khoa: Phuong phap, logic - lich sir, kinh te thi trudng.
Phan loai nganh: Triet hgc
Abstract: The logical-historical method is an important method of cognition of the methodology of dialectics. The method requires the activity of cognition to place the object of study in the course of its historical development, and to point out the logic of its development from the perspective of the diversity and specificity cf history. When applying the logical-historical method in conducting research on the market economy in Vietnam, it is necessary to point out the logic of the economic development, which can help us explain the vivid expressions of the current economic development in the country.
Keywords: Method, logical-historical, market economy.
Subject classification: Philosophy
1. Mff dau hpi nhap quoc te. N i n kinh t i thj trudng co nhihig bien dgng phiic tap khd ludng. De Viet Nam dang day manh phit triin nen quin Iy hieu q u i nen kinh te thj trudng kinh te thi trudng trong bdi canh ddi mdi va phiie tap do, ngudi quin ly cin nhung dinh
78
Nguyen Thj Thiiy Van hudng ve mat phuang phip luan bien
chiing. Tinh quy luat ciia kinh te, cung nhu U'nh quy luat ciia bat ky ITnh vyc nio khic trong xa hgi va trong tu nhien, ludn thi hipn qua vd sd nhung ngau nliien va su hdn loan be ngoai. Cac qua trinh kinh ti ttong xa hdi cd sy tac dgng ciia eie quy luat kinh ti.
Trong tic pham Triet hoc phdp quyen, Heghen coi kinh ti chfnh trj hpe nhu la khoa hpc diy "thich thiic" tu duy eon ngudi, vi phii tim kiim cic quy luat kinh ti tir vd sd eic ngau nhien. Khi nhan thiic cic quy luat kinh te, chiing ta can su dung nhieu phuang phip khoa hgc, trong do ed phuang phap (hay nguyen tic) logic Ijch su, mpt phucmg phap quan trgng ciia phucmg phap luan bien chiing duy vit. Bai viirnay^ phin tich nhiing ndi dung ea ban eua phuang phap logic - Ijch sir va sy van dyng phuang phip nay de nghien ciru kinh ti thi trudng d Viet Nam hien nay.
2. No! dung phirffng phap logic - Ijch sir Phuang phip Idgic - Ijch sir la mdt trong nhung phuang phap nhan thiic khoa hpc quan trpng. Phuong phip niy ddi hdi phii cd each nhin thdng nhit tu Ijch sir phit triin ciia ddi tugng vdi logic ctia sy phat trien do, sy phan chieu nd trong tu duy; va cudi cung la, phii ket hpp eua phuang phap logic va phuang phip Ijeh sir. Tren thye te, phuang phap Idgic va phuang phap Ijch sii cd thi sir dyng rieng re trong cac khoa hpc cu Ihi.
Phuang phip Ijch sii yeu cau khi nhan thirc ddi tugng (khich the), chung ta phai dat ddi tupng trong qua trinh sinh thanh, biin ddi, phat triin; phii bam sit ddi tugng theo thdi gian, tii hien ddi tugng trong tinh da dang cua nd. Cdn phuang phip Idgic yeu cau khi nhan thiic doi tugng, chung ta phii nhan
thiic ddi tugng d trinh dp phit trien chin mudi nhit, chi ra eic giai doan phat triin tit yeu cua ddi tugng tir Iuc ddi tugng hinh thanh cho den khi ddi tugng mit di. Nhan thiic dugc ddi tugng d trang thai chin muii la ca sd de nhan thitc dugc cic giai doan tit yiu trong qua trinh lich sur eua ddi tugng.
Vi the, "giai phiu hpc ve con ngudi Ii chia khoi eho giai phau hpc ve con khi va nhu vay nen kinh te tu ban cho ta cai chia khoa di hieu nin kinh ti ed dai". Phuang phip lich su tuy cd uu diem nhung ciing cd han ehe nhat dinh (khi ap dung nd mdt each doe lap). Vdi phucmg phap lich su, vi phii bim sat ddi tugng trong qui trinh phat triin, doi theo mpi bieu hien cua ddi tupng d nhiing giai doan Ijch sii khic nhau theo thii tu thdi gian, nen chung ta de sa vao viee md ti ddi tupng d cai be ngoai, vao viee liet ke vd sd tieu tiet ca biet cua ddi tupng, tir do dl xa rdi viec nhan thiic tfnh quy luat cua ddi tugng. Ngugc lai, vdi phuong phip logic, vi chi dya vao trang thai phit trien chin mudi cua ddi tugng de khii quit thanh eic giai doan cd tfnh quy luat trong su phat trien eiia ddi tugng, nen ehiing ta de rcri vio tu bien, xa rdi eie tai lieu lich sii, thieu dii lieu minh chiing cho khii quat dd. Dieu nay din din yeu can sir dung phuong phip ldgic - Ijch sir (thdng nhat logic - Ijch sir).
Ndi dung cua phuang phip Idgic - lich sii (nguyen tac thong nhat logic - Ijch sir) yeu cau trong nhan thirc khoa hpe: thu nhat, phai xuat phit tu su thdng nhat giiia Ijch sir ciia hien thuc vdi Idgic cua nd de chi ra su thdng nhit giira logic cua nhan thiie vdi Ijch sir ciia nhin thiic; thie hai, cin thdng nhit giiia phuang phap logic va phuang phap Ijch sii. Ci npi dung thu nhit, ddi tugng khi tdn tai cd Ijch sir hinh thinh, biin ddi va phat trien cua nd. Qui trinh nay dien ra theo
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Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 10-2018 nhung tfnh quy luat khich quan, dugc xuyen suot ttong qua trinh phit trien lam nen Idgic ciia Ijch sir phat trien do. De phan inh dung doi tugng, chiing ta phii ludn theo sat nhiing budc van ddng, chuyen hda cua ddi tugng; phii dyng nen Ijeh sir ve ddi tugng. Nhu vay, khi nhin thiic ve ddi tugng, cii Ijch sir (Ijch sir dugc nhan thiic) dupe chung ta chiet xuat tii ban than sy phit trien eua Ijch sir hien thuc, thdng qua tl'nh quy luat (eai logic) cua ddi tugng. O ndi dung thii hai, sy van dpng cua nhin thiie (ngoai khfa eanh van dpng theo Ijch sir van ddng eiia doi tupng m i nd phan anh) cdn bj chi phdi bdi nhiing quy luat ndi tai ciia bin than hoat ddng nhan thirc. Cii logic niy ciia nhin thiic, mac du dugc xac lap bdi nhan thiic, nhung nd la khich quan; bdi xet den cung, eii quy djnh nen ndi dung ciia nhirng quy luat nay chinh la ban thin hien thyc phat trien cua ddi tugng. Dieu dd cung cd nghTa rang, nhting mdi lien h$ qua lai giira cic yiu td cua khach thi trong tfnh Ijeh su hien thye eiia nd eung ehinh la eii quy dinh nen ldgic eiia cac khai niem, pham trii, quy luat phan anh v i nd. Dd l i ly do cua viec logic ciia khii niem ludn ed su ddng nhit vdi Ijch sii va ldgic cua d i i tugng. Ndi each khac, kit qui ciia qua trinh phit trien Ijch su ciia ddi tugng tao nen cai ldgic ton tai d trang thai hien thdi, ma viee nhin thiic ddi tugng d ttang thii dd bing phuang phip ldgic ching qua chi la dang tdn tai khac ciia phuang phap lich sii sau khi da luge bd nhimg eii ngau nhien, be ngoii, hien tugng; va nhirng eai "can cdt"
nhat da dugc lay ra khdng con giir nguyen theo trinh ty thdi gian eua lich sir kinh nghiem, vi da dugc "udn n i n " bdi cac mdc lich su tit yeu, quan trpng va hien ra la kit
qua cudi cung ciia Ijch sir hien thue. Diiu dd eho thiy, khi diing phuang phap Ijch sii thi chung ta khdng chi dan thuin trinh biy trinh ty theo thdi gian cae hien tupng lich sir, ma quan trpng hem Ii, can trinh bay Idgic ciia lich sii trong tinh ehhih thi cua nd. Do chfnh la nguyen t i c va eung la doi hdi ciia phuang phap thdng nhat Idgic - Ijch sur trong nhan thiic khoa hpc.
3. Yeu cau khi van dung phu-ong phip logic - Ijch su- trong nghien ciru kinh te thj truong a Vift Nam hl^n nay
De nghien eiiu kinh t i thi trudng d Viet Nam hien nay, ngudi nghien cuu can van dung nhieu phuang phap, trong do c6 phuang p h i p ldgic - lich sir. Tir gdc dp phuang phap luan triet hpc, cd thi ggi ma mdt sd diem chung trong q u i trinh van dung phucmg phap Idgic - lich su d i nghien ciiu kinh t i thj trudng d Viet Nam nhu sau.
Thu nhdt, de nhin thiic dugc ban chat cua nen kinh te thj trudng d Viet Nam, ehiing ta can dung lai Ijch su phat triin ciia nen kinh te thj trudng d Viet Nam theo cac giai doan tit y i u ke tiip nhau (nhu da xac dinh trong sa dd Iy thuyit); dong thdi lai phii tim ra cai ban chat hay logic phat triin ciia kinh t i thi trudng tii sy phit triin lich su dd, phii nhan thiie dugc cae giai doan t^t yeu m i kinh te thi trudng ndi chung va kinh te thj trudng d Viet Nam tit yiu phai trai qua. De tim ra logic phit triin eiia kmh ti thi trudng, chung ta phii nghien ciiu nhiing hien tugng bieu hien cu thi cua Idnh t i thi trudng. Bdi vi, chi ed xuit phat tir hien tugng thi mdi nhan thiic duge ban chit; co xuit phit tir thuc t i thi mdi ed tu lieu di khai quit thanh Iy thuyit. Khi xay dung h?
thdng Iy luan (ly thuyit) ve kinh t i thi
Nguyin Thj Thity Van trudng, chung ta khdng cin phii md ti tat
ei eac hien tugng kinh te thj trudng, vi khdng ai cd thi md ti hit vd sd hien tugng kinh te thi trudng. He thdng Iy luan ve kinh te thi trudng can phii chi ra dugc cac giai doan tat yen mi kinh ti thj trudng phai trai qua tir khi hinh thinh din khi mit di.
Thic hai, khi nghien eim nen kinh ti thj trudng Viet Nam, chiing ta cd the lya chgn mpt diem khdi dau nio do, chang ban co the lua chpn quan he sd hiiu ve tu heu sin xuat vi hinh thiie phan cdng Iao dpng, tir do vach ra so do ly thuyet phit trien cua nin kinh te thi trudng d Vipt Nam. Vi dy, cd thi nghien ciiu kinh te thj trudng Viet Nam bat dau tii quan h$ s& hihi. Viec lua ehpn xuat phit diem niy se giiip chiing ta ddi theo toin bp qui trinh phit trien cua kinh te Viet Nam vdi nhiing budc thing trim, giii thfch dugc nguyen nhan sau xa ciia eie hien thyc kinh te, tir do, co nhiing giii phip thio ga nhiing khd khan trong phat trien kinh te hien nay theo tfnh quy luat ciia qui trinh phat trien.
Sd huu Ii mpt van de ludn dugc eic nhi tu tudng quan tam va de cap den trong lich sii tu tudng nhan Ioai tir thdi cd dai den nay. Dd la vin de phure tap, nhay cam, cung chfnh la diem nong edt de phan dinh ban chit che dp xa hdi ciing nhu su gidng va khie nhau cua cic giai doan phit trien kinh te va xa hpi. Tii trong Ijch sii, trii qua cae giai doan phit trien, quan niem va cic hinh thuc sd huu cd nhirng khic biet ma moi ttong sd ehiing deu bpe Id nhiing uu diem vi khiim khuyet khd thay ddi. Nhihig hinh thuc sd hiru ea bin thudng tdn tai ttong cie ehi dp xa hdi Ii sd hihi edng cdng vi sd huu tu nhan. Tiiy thupc vao che do chfnh ttj va thi ehi nha nudc ma hinh thiic sd hiru nio dd trd thanh trpng yen. Ciing vi thi, luon xuit hien nhirng vin de ve sd hihi mi
tit ci cic nen kinh te thj trudng phii giai quyet, nhu van de quan he giiia sd hiiu tu nhan vi sd hiiu edng cdng, van de tinh ttang dgc quyen eiia mot sd edng ty nha nudc, van de tu nhan hda cac tip doan nha nudc, vin de sd hihi cdng ve dit dai vi tai nguyen [10, tt.294-295].
O Viet Nam, cac quan niem khac nhau ve sd hihi da dan den eae ehii truong khie nhau, tham chf ddi lap nhau, ve phit trien kinh t6. Khi Viet Nam bat dau qui trinh xay dung chd nghTa xa hpi, do van dung quan niem eho rang quan he sin xuat tien tien (edng huu ve tu lieu sin xuat) se keo lyc Iugng sin xuat phit trien, nSn ttong giai doan dau xay dyng chii nghTa xa hpi, ehiing ta tap trung vao viec cii bien che dp sd hiiu ci the vi sd hiiu tu bin tu nhin ve tu lipu san xuat thinh cac hinh thiic khac nhau eua che dp edng hiiu xi hpi ehii nghTa. Su van dyng Iy luan khdng phii hgp trong giai doan Ijeh su niy da lam cho cie thanh phan kinh te ngoai nhi nudc trong mpt thdi gian dai khdng cd dieu kien de tdn tai vi phit trien, bi cai tao va triet tieu khdng thuang tiec, tao ra nhiing he qui nang ne cho nen kinh te, die biet la, tao ra sy thieu thdn eiia ngudi dan ve mat kinh te. Ve dieu nay cd y kien eho ring: "Vao khoang cudi nam 1977 diu nam 1978, xu hudng kha phd bien ttong viec giii thfch nguyen nhin cua nhiing khd khin vi ich tie la: do su lung doan cua thi trudng ty do, do sy tdn tai cua kinh te tu nhan... Giii phip dupe lua chpn la: cai tao khan truong vi triet de... Cho den cudi nhihig nam 1978, nhiing bat cap va lech lac cua hai cupc cai tao nay da cd nhiing trieu chiing khi rd ret... Trong thuc te, nhihig ip dit dd di va dang lam cho kinh te khung lai, sin xuat va luu thdng ach tac, ddi sdng nhin din ngay cang khd khan" [9, tr.45].
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 10 - 2018 Budc chuyin bat diu tir viec thay ddi md hinh kinh ti, cd sy chuyen bien niy la do ve mat nhan thirc ed su thay ddi quan niem ve sd hiiu. Nghj djnh sd 27/ND ve kinh ti tu doanh vi Nghi dinh sd 29/ND ve kinh ti gia dinh (ciia Hdi dong Bp trudng ban hanh vio ngay 9 thing 3 nim 1987) do eho phep phuc hdi lai thanh phin kinh te tu nhan va phat trien kinh te gia dinh, nen da tao ra nhiing budc tien quan ttpng ttong qui trinh thay ddi tu duy kinh ti, mang lai sy phat trien khdi sic eho mpt giai doan phat trien rit khd khan ciia dat nudc tir 1986 - 1996.
"Vdi quyet djnh dd, eae hd tu nhin khdng eon bj eim doin, x6t hdi, bat bd, tich thu (nhu Vua Idp), ma dugc dang ky kinh doanh rat dl dang. Nhieu eg sd san xuat, nhieu dan vj kinh doanh ciia tu nhan da md ra, gdp phan bu dap vio nen kmh te dang thieu hut ttam trpng. Kinh te gia dinh tir diy eung dupe khuyen khi'ch phit trien... vdi mdi trudng phip ly vi mdi trudng kinh ti mdi, nhiing thanh phan nay bung ra, chiem ITnh thi trudng va ed nhiing ddng gdp tich cyc vao viec tang tdng sin pham xa hpi, giam thieu mat can ddi giiia tiin, hang, cii thien ddi sdng cho nhieu tang lap nhin din" [8, tt.346]. Budc chuyin tu hinh thiic don sd hiru sang hinh thiic da sd hihi, da thanh phan kinh te li budc chuyin mang tfnh dot pha, keo theo ei su thay ddi ttong td chiie, quan ly nen kinh te, tir ea ehi quin ly tap trung, quan lieu, bao cap, sang ca ehi quan ly thi trudng edi md, sang tao, ty ehu, nang ddng va ty ehju ttaeh nhiem.
0 nhihig giai doan phat triin tiip theo, do thdng qua su dieu chinh va md rdng cac hinh thiic sd hihi, nen nen kinh ti da tiing bude phit triin virng chac. Kinh ti tu nhan tir chd bi coi la khu vyc kinh ti "phi ehii nghia xa hpi" da duge nhin nhan la thanh phan kinh te trpng yen eua nin kinh ti, diiu
dd tao ra nhimg budc phit trien vugt bac cho nen kinh te. "Kinh te tu nhan ting nhanh ve sd Iugng, timg budc nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh, giai quyet viee lam, ddng gdp ngiy cang Idn vao GDP. Kinh te tu nhan hien ddng gdp khoang 50% GDP, 90% so viec lam vi 39% tdng dau tu toan xihpi"[5,tr.I07].
Viec thira nhan sd hihi tu nhan nhu mpt hinh thiie tdn tai phd bien trong kinh ti thi trudng cd nguyan nhin tat yen khich quan cua nd, the hien dau in quan ttpng trong dii mdi tu duy kinh te ciia Viet Nam. Yiu ti tu lgi cua ngudi kinh doanh Ii ddng ca de kinh te thj trudng van hinh va phat trien. Cac ca nhan tham gia vao kinh te thi trudng truoc het vi lgi ich ci nhin cua hp. Khi quyin tir hiiu dupe tdn trpng vi bio ve, thi hp mdi phat huy het tiem nang, siic sang tao, tan dung dugc mpi ca hpi de tien hanh cac boat ddng kinh doanh nhim tdi da hda cac lgi fch ei nhan. Chfnh quan he sd huu mdi da giai phong siic lao dpng, giai phdng tiem nang sin xuat va kha ning djch chuyen eac ddng vdn, ket qui cudi ciing, da lam tang ning suat Iao dgng. "Nang suit khdng phai la tat ci, nhung ve liu dai thi nd gin nhu la tat ca. Lieu mdt qudc gia cd khi ning nang miic sdng ve lau dai hay khdng gin nhu hoan toan phu thudc vao kha nang nang cao sin Iugng tinh tren dau ngudi Iao dpng eua qudc gia dd" [l,tt.28].
Chi cd nhan thiie dung yen to ban chat nay (quan he sd hihi) thi mdi cd thi khai thac va phat huy dupe tdi da tiem nang cua thanh phin kinh te tu nhan thdng qua viec xae lap va bao ve quyen ty do kinh te eua moi ci nhan, mdi tao nen dugc su nang dpng vi thinh vugng cua kinh te thj trudng.
Cung tu dd, eie giai phip cin bin de giai quyet cic van de dang dit ra ttong phat
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Nguyen Thi Thiiy Van trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xi hpi
chii nghia d Viet Nam hien nay trudc hit phii bat diu tir vin de sd hiru. Khau dot pha trong Ii? luan vi sd hiiu chfnh la viec nhin nhin diing dan vi the vi vai ttd cua sd hihi tu nhin vdi tu cich la dpng lye quan ttpng nhat de phat trien kinh ti, tii do, cd nhiing co chi, ehinh sich cdi md va ty do nhit di thanh phin kinh ti tu nhan phit Uiin mdt cich tdt nhit. Tuong img vdi viec de cao vai ttd eua kinh te tu nhan se li thu hep khu vyc kinh ti nha nudc tren ca sd xac djnh diing vai trd, vj tn eiia sd hihi nhi nudc, doanh nghiep nhi nudc.
Thic ba, can luan giii thda dang vi su kit hpp giira sd hihi tu nhan vi sd hihi cdng cpng trong phit triin kinh ti thj trudng d Viet Nam hien nay. Khi nghien eim vi kinh te thj trudng, diem nhan mi cac nhi nghien cihi ludn de cap tdi li d quan diim eho ring, khu vye tu nhan la trpng yiu, la dpng lye, la chd dya eho sy phit trien ciia toan bd nen kinh te; vi chi cd phat triin kinh ti dua tten viec khai md vi dam bio lgi fch cua cie ei nhan thi mdi lim nen sy nang dpng vi thjnh vugng cua kinh ti thj trudng. "6 tit ci cic nen kinh te thj trudng hien dai, deu cd sy tdn tai phd bien, ip dao cua kinh ti tu nhan" [10, tr.303]. Mdt ttong nhiing bat cap eiia nen kinh te thj trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chii nghTa d Viet Nam la su bat cap trong viec tao dieu kien va ca chi de thye thi vi bao ve hiiu hieu quyen sd hihi tu nhan.
Tuy nhien, ciing cd mdt thyc te li, d cac nudc tu bin, kinh te thj trudng va chi dp sd hihi tu nhan cung bdc Id khdng ft nhiing khuyet tat, ma de bii dap va siia chiia cic khuyit tat niy khdng thi khdng tin tai nhung hinh thiic kinh te khie ngoii nd, nhit la eic hinh thiic sd huu cdng cpng, sd hihi nhi nudc. Ro rang, nhirng gia ting vi tinh
ttang bit binh ding trong xa hdi, ve tinh ttang thit nghiep, ve nhiing khung hoing ttam ttpng ttong kinh te deu bat ngudn tu su theo dudi cic Igi fch ei nhan mdt each thii qua ma khdng dem xia tdi cie loi fch cdng ddng. Nhiing he qui ve mdi trudng hay sy khung hoing cae ngudn lye phit trien deu cd ngudn gdc tir sy tu Ipi thii qua eiia sd hiiu tu nhan. Dd la ly do lam cho eac nude tu ban ehu nghia, cho dii theo duoi md hinh kinh te thj trudng ty do theo kiiu My - Anh, hay kinh te thj trudng xa hdi cua Cdng hda Lien bang Diic va eae nudc Bac Au, hay kinh te thj trudng dae thu cua Chiu A, ciJng vin tdn tai hinh thiic sd huu nha nudc d nhiing miie dp khac nhau vdi vai ttd dieu tiit va khac phue cac khiem khuyit eua co chi thj trudng.
Ndi nhu the khdng co nghTa la cho ring, sd hihi cdng cgng khdng ed nhung ban ehi cua nd. Md hinh cong hihi d giai doan thip cua nen kinh te bpe Id nhiing han chi khd cd the khac phuc bdi tfnh thiiu thdng tin, su khdng ddng bd, khdng tuang thich giiia mdt thi trudng ning ddng dang can khai md vdi cich quan ly doe quyin dudi danh nghia tu lieu sin xuat cua toan xa hdi. "Trong cac nen kinh te dupe lap ki hoach d trung uong, mpt ci nhin hay mpt nhdm ca nhan phii djnh doat sy phan chia ngudn lye, nhung nhiing nha ke hoach khdng bao gid cd dii thdng tin de phan ehia chfnh xae duge" [II, tt.38]. Va ngay ei khi nd tdn tai ttong giai doan cao eiia sy phat triin kinh te, thi nhiing he luy tir viec sir dung tii sin chung mdt cich vd dp, ciing se din den nhung tham kjch ttong quin Iy tii sin chung. Dieu nay gidng nhu hinh inh mi Garrett Hardin da vi von ve din bd va cinh ddng chung cua ling. Theo do, niu mpi ngudi deu dua bd tdi de gam cd tten eanh ddng eua dan lang ma khdng bi ai kiem soat thi se cd qui nhieu con bo tdi gam cd, va
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 10 - 2018 eudi eung, canh ddng se bien mat, ea ling se bj tdn hai vi khdng ai ed kha ning hay dpng lyc ngiing viec cho bo gam cd qua miic nhu vay [11, tt.41]. Dieu do cho thay cii tdi uu eua mdi ei nhin cdng lai chua ban da Ii eii tdi uu ciia tap the. Vi vay, can cd thda thuan chung ttong cdng ddng de sii dung ngudn lyc chung. Tinh hinh se cdn ttd nen tdi te han, thim chf ttd thanh tham hpa, neu tai sin chung khdng kiem soat dugc, hoac roi vao tay nhung nhdm lgi ich ludn nhan danh tip the, nha nude de lam lgi cho rieng minh. "Cha chung khdng ai khde" li
\f do ciia mpi lang phi vi tham nhiing.
Thue te tren eho thiy, viec kit hgp hii hda giiia sd hihi tu nhari va sd hihi edng edng ttong phat trien kinh te cua cae qudc gia Hen quan mat thiet vdi viec giai quyet mdi quan he giua nha nude va thi trudng.
Ban chit cua sy ddi mdi, phat trien dudng nhu nim d viee tao ra the ein bang giiia "ty do ei nhan vi hanh vi tip the; lgi ich cua the he hien tai va thi he tuong lai" [12, tt.25-26]. Tmng Qude va My li hai nin kinh te Idn, mi the can bang giiia eac yiu td nay ciing van edn nghieng lech.
Bai hpe nit ra eho Viet Nam li, cin nhin nhan dugc cai logic tit yiu khi kit hpp sd hihi tu nhan va sd hiiu cdng cpng. Ljch sir phat ttiin cac md hinh kinh ti eho thiy, kinh te tti nhan tao ra sire song va ddng lyc de kinh te thi ttTidng phit triin. Vi thi, viec coi ttpng, khuyin khich, tao diiu kien di thanh phan kinh ti tu nhan phit triin thdng qua chu truong eiia Dang, chfnh sich va phip luat cua Nha nudc ta, Ii cin thiit.
Nang suit Iao dpng chi cd thi gia ting khi phit trien lyc lugng sin xuit, thdng qua viec tao dieu kien cho kinh ti tu nhan duge khai md tdi da tiem ning vi lgi thi cua minh. Trong mpt nudc dang phit ttiin nhu d Viet Nam, niu cae thanh phin kinh ti
khdng dugc khai thae mdt each binh ding eae yeu td ciia san xuat (nhu vdn, Iao ddng, dit dai, tii nguyen...), thi dat nude se roi vio tinh trang tn tre trong phat triin kinh ti, khd thoit khdi "bay thu nhap trung binh".
De dioat khdi "bay thu nhip trung binh", thi cin phii nhin thue dugc siic manh ciia cdng nghe, eiia tri thiic, khai thie hieu qua sire manh dd cho phit trien kinh te; ein phai phan djnh rd vai ttd eua nha nudc va cac doanh nghiep trong phit triin kinh ti.
Theo dd, nha nudc can phii tao mdi trudng phap ly thdng thoing, xay dyng va ban hinh cic chinh sach can thiet de tao diiu kien tdi da cho eie doanh nghiep phat trien;
nhi nudc phai tap trung vao cie ITnh vuc phit trien cdng (nhu ca sd ha ting, giio due, cdng nghe...); doanh nghiep phii dam nhiem viec sin xuit kinh doanh. Ddng thdi vdi dd, ciing ein chii ttpng de phit triin sd hiiu cdng cpng. Tuy nhien, khi diu tu phat trien sd hihi cong cdng, ein phai co nhiing dieu kien khach quan chin mudi (hinh thiic sd huu cdng cdng phai phit huy tac dyng thiic diy luc lugng sin xuit, phii lam thay ddi cich thiic td chiie, quin ly, phai tao ra sy ty giac, chu ddng cua ngudi Iao dpng, phan phdi phai trd nen cdng bang va la ddng luc thuc diy ngudi lao ddng cong hiin eho sy phat trien xa hgi hi su phit triin ciia chfnh minh). Chi khi tfnh ehit xa hdi cua cic lye lugng sin xuit hien dai duge thyc ti thira nhan mdt each khach quan (theo diing quy luat van dpng eua nd), thi "phuang thiic sin xuit, phucmg thirc chiim hiiu va phuang thuc trao doi se dugc lam cho phii hgp vdi tinh chit xa hdi eua cae tu lieu san xuit" [7, tt.387]. Diiu do chi c6 thi diln ra neu xa hdi cdng khai va true tiip nim nhiing lye Iugng san xuit da vugt qua mpi su quan ly khac ngoai quan Iy xi hpi. Nhu vay, xet vi bin ehat, sy ra ddi eiia hinh thiic
Nguyen Thi Thiiy Van
sd hihi edng cdng cung la mdt t i t yiu k h i c h quan. Chfnh tfnh chat xa hdi ciia c i c tu lieu sin xuat, neu khdng duge n h i n thiic v i kjp thdi dieu tiit, thi se tao nen tinh tt^ng hon dpn, vd chfnh phii tten quy md x i hdi.
4. Ket luan
Nhirng phan tich tren cho t h i y ring, q u i trinh xay dung va phat ttiin kinh t i thi trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa d Viet Nam hien nay ddi hdi ehiing ta phai cd tu duy ddi mdi, phai van dung s i n g tao phucmg p h i p luan bien chiing duy vat (nhit la phuang phap logic - ljch sii). Phuang phap ldgic - Ijeh sii I i mdt phuang phip"
quan trpng ciia n h i n thire. Nhan thiic v i van dyng dung p h u a n g p h i p logic - Ijch su ttong nghien ciiu ndi ehung v i ttong nghien ciiu kinh te thi trudng djnh hudng x i hpi chu nghTa d Viet Nam hien nay ndi rieng, l i dieu rat can thiit.
Chii thfch
Nghien ciiu nay dupe DEII hoc Qu6c gia Ha Npi tai trp Irong d i tai ma s6 QG. 16.44.
Tai lieu tham khao
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hpi chu nghia o Vi?t Nam hien nay''", Dinh huang xd hgi cku nghia trong phdt triin kinh li Ihi iruang Viet Nam: mgt s6 vdn de ly ludn vd thuc tiin mai dang dgt ra, t.l. Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia - Su that. Ha Npi.
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