PETROVIETNAM
Nghien cuu phuong phap xu ly thuy ngan trong khai thdc khi
KS. Huynh Vl^t Quang,TS.Ta Qudc DOng Dai hgc Bdch khoa Tp. HCM TS. Nguyen Minh Hii
Tong cdng ty Thdm dd Khai thdc Ddu khi
Tdm t i t
sued mat cda thdy ngdn trong khi khai thdc cd thi gdy ra nhiJfng thiit hgi khdng nhd cho nin cdng nghiip khai thdc vd sijfdung khi. Do vdy, nghiin cUU phUttng phdp xdly thdy ngdn trong qud trinh khai thdc vd xijflykhffd mot di tdi cdp thiit, phd hap vdi hodn cdnh thuc tinUdc ta hiin nay. Trong qud trinh nghlin cUu, nhdm tdc gid dd tiin hdnh tinh todn thiit ki thiit bf hdp phu thdy ngdn deldm gldm ddng kihdm luang thuy ngdn dddura cda ddng sdn phdm.
1. Tdng quan ve ve hien tiftfng nhiem thOy ngln 1.1. NguSngdchinh thdnh
Thdy n g i n (Hg) l i kim loai t y nhien, tdn tai dudi nhieu dang khac nhau, tdn tai d dang Idng d nhiet dp phong. Thdy n g i n d l d i n g hoa hoi v i co k h i n i n g ket hpp vdi mdt sd n g u y i n td k h i c thi tao t h i n h thdy n g i n hdu CO hoac vP eo. Trong do, thdy n g i n hdu co cue kjf nguy hiem den sdc khoe eon ngudi cung nhu moi truPng xung quanh.
Thdy n g i n dupc tim thay t d hoat ddng cda ndi Ida, eie qua trinh bay hoi hoic khd khi cda ldp vo trai dat va trong chat t h i i cPng nghiip. Trong cdng nghiep dau khi, ele ngudn thuy n g l n chu yeu xuat p h i t t d phan g i l i eac da hoa thach trong long d i t d nhiet dp cao, sau dP chung nhiem v i o via dau, khi.
1.2. Tmh trang nhiim thdy ngdn trong hydrocarbon
1.2.1. Trong ddu tho
Cle nghiin cdu ve ham IUpng thdy ngin trong d l u thP d My cho biet tdng ham lupng thdy n g i n trong d l u tho (bao gdm thdy^ngln d dang nguyen ehlt va hpp ehlt) dao'ddng trong khoang t d 0,1 - ZO-OOOyg/
kg d l u thd [1].
phun t r i o Bdng 1.
Thdng ke ve ham lUpng thdy n g i n trong dau tho dupe xd ly tai eae n h i miy Ipc dau tai My trong nam 2004 dupc trinh bay trong Blng 1 [1].
1.2.2. Trong khi tu nhlin
Trong khi thdy ngan thudng cP ham lupng t d 0 • 300yg/
Nm^ v i CO him luong kha cao tai mot sd vung d khu vyc DPng Nam A, Dong Au, Bac My. Ham lupng thdy ngin cao xult hien d Indonesia (Adun) va Ha Lan (Groningen) va dac biet cP v i i gilng vPi ham IUpng thdy ngan eUe ky cao nhU North Germany d mdc 4.400yg/m* (Bing 2).
. Hdm luang thuy ngdn tmng binh trong ddu thd xifiy tgi l\Ay trong ndm 2004 [1]
Qudc gia
Algeria Angola Gabon Guinea Libya Nigeria Australia T h I l Lan V i ^ t N a m Canada Nauy Kuwait
H i m lUtfng t r u n g
binh (pg/kg) Quoc gia
13,3 ; Saudi Arabia 1,6 0,5 0,3 0 1,8 0.8
Argentina Brazil Columbia Ecuador Venezuela My 5 9 3 , 1 ', Li^n bang Nga
65,5 j V u o n g qudc A n h 2,1 ' Mexico 19,5 Iraq
0,8
H a m lupng trung binh ( p g / k g ) *
0,9 16,1 1,1 3.4 1,8 4,2 4,3 3,1 3,6 1,3
_ J ^
(*): Trong cdc tdi liiu thuang mai, hdm luang thdy ngdn trong ddu thd thuang phdm thUOng duac do bdng dan vippbwt (parts per billion by w t^ tinh theo khdi luang) hodc ppm wt (parts per million by weight = 1 phdn triiu tinh theo khdi luang).
DtotlHl-SOd/2012 5 5 ;
Bdiig2.Nniiiidolliiivn loiuikhitUnhirnUII
Groningen Kli6ng l o A r i i n S u m n l i . i O . i s Khoiit] i i i Kh6nc)i6 Kliont] ro Vinli Thai L.in
Be Cuu Long
H,'i 1 .in H,i 1,111 I n i l o i i f s M TiiiiK! D o n q N . i n i f l i i V i . ' ' n ( \ n K ] Th.ii l , i n N . i n i M y D O I HI A Nam I'hi B.V Au EasleinUS Pipe line Midwest US Pipe line Bac My
Sau b i n h lam khan tai CCP (gian nen Idn)
H a m l uo n g t h i i y n g a n ( [ i g / N m ' j
(),()() 1 IHO 0,001 ! 0 0 180 100
• ; 5 0 0 100 50 • 300
10 25 6 9 - 119 5 8 - 1 9 3 0.3 130 0,01 180 0,019 0,44 0,001 0,10 0,005 0,04 p
3 2 , l p p b the tich
N g u o n t i n
Ringam, 1990 GijSRlman, i 9 9 l S i l u m o r a n g va Muchlis, 1986 H e n n i c o v ^ n n k . , 1991
Unocal, 1998
J.H Peter Carndl Paul J O p e n s h a w Johnson M a t t h e y Catalysts Billingham Cleverland, UK
PVGas
D o n g chat luu di vao
=^
XUly axit t t o n g khi lAmin/m)
Lam k l i o k h i (Glycol/Mol Sieve)
T a c h n i i o c | Condensate vao binh chua/xuat khau
Hinh 1. Sadd cdng nghi cua hi thdng xdly khi[10]
Thdy n g l n cd mat trong khi trong mdt sd md cda be Cdu Long vdi ham luong d v i o khoing 32,1 ppb theo the tfch (sau binh I i m khan nUdc tai CCP) [ngudn PV Gasl. Tuy n h i i n tai d l u ra cda h i thdng x d ly (tUong dng vdi dudng khf d l u ra trong Kmh 1) ham lupng thdy n g l n ehl cd 5,1 ppb theo t h ^ tfeh. Nhy viy, lupng thuy n g l n chenh lech d i dupe luu grCf trong he thdng thiet bj x d ly. G i l sd mdi n g l y co
5.000.000m' khithi hdi thuy n g i n luu lai trong he thdng i ^ hanh l i 0,135m' v i mpt nam la 48,6m' (ehi tinh g i l sCf dap s u i t 101.325kPa v l n h i i t dt I I 15'C, chua tfnh ddn I p suit v l nhiet dp eOa ngudn khf daac do). Lupng hefi thdy n g ^ nay ed the luu 1^1 trong h i thdng thiet bj x d ly khf d d?ng hat hole da p h l n dng vpi kim loai cda v l t l i i u dan tdi hiffi tupng I n mdn [21].
; 5 6 D l u n d - S P 4/2012
PETROVIETNAM
1.2.3. Trong condensate
Theo nghiin cdu eua Sarrazin v i eie epng sy thi ham lupng thdy n g l n trong condensate dao ddng trong khoing 10-3.000ppbvi/t.
Bdng 3. Hdm lUang thdy ngdn trong condensate [16}, [19]
Vitri
ChSu Au Nam My Vjnh Thii Lan Chau Phi Vinh Mexico (US)
Bic Phi
H i m lupng thdy n g l (Mg/kg)
50-100 400-1.200 1 500-1.000
20 - 50
Cung theo thdng k i eda Unocal (1998), ham lupng thdy ngan trong condensate tai vjnh Thai Lan dao dpng tir 500 - SOOyg/m' va daac danh gia la cd h i m lupng thuy ngan eao cP kha n i n g g i y anh hUdng den qua trinh khai thae d l u khf trong khu vyc.
1.3. Anh hudng cua thdy ngdn
Thuy ngin co mat trong dau thP, khi t y nhiin va condensate trong q u i trinh khai thac dau khf se gay ra nhdng i n h hudng ddi vdi:
Sdc khde con ngUPi.
Trang thiet bj.
Gil ban d l u , khi, condensate.
1.3.1. Anh hudng din si^c khde
Ddc td cua thuy ngan phy thupc nhieu v i o dang hda hpe dac biit. Nguyen t d thuy n g l n Hg thi tro va khdng dpe hai, nhung khi hda hoi d i p suit eao thi r l t dde. Viee xd ly thdy n g i n chi nen dapc g i l i quy^t trong khu vyc thoing khf eua gieng v i khi tran ra thi p h l i g i i i quydt mpt each nhanh chong nhat. Hoi thuy n g i n khi hit vao eothe se theo mau di v i o nao, g i y nguy hiem eho h i t h i n kinh trung uong.
1.3.2. Anh hudng din trang thiet bi
Thdy ngan trong khf t y nhien khong ehl tdn t?i dudi dang nguyen t d ma con tdn tai dUdi nhieu dang hpp chat
khie cda thdy n g i n nhu hpp ehlt thuy n g i n vo eo va hdu CO. NgUdi ta da tim t h i y nhieu thSnh phan hop chit cda thdy n g l n trong IUpng khf thu dupe, v i hon the nda nguyin td thdy n g l n v i cic dang hop ehlt cua no eP the giy ra i n mPn r l t IPn. Them v i o dd. sy cP mat cua H^S - loai khf thupng cP mat trong khi t u nhiin - chinh l i ehlt xuc t i e trong p h i n dng hoa hoc cua thdy ngan vdi nhPm, la chit dupc dung d^ eh^ tao mdt sd ehi tiet cua thiet bj trao ddi n h i i t v i cac t h i l t bj khic eda h i thdng xd ly.
K^t q u i eCia viic I n mdn niy l i do hpp kim eua thuy ngan v i nhPm tao nen dupe gpi la hon hdng [14]. De b i t d l u q u i trinh an mdn nhom, thi Idp nhPm oxit tren be mat p h l i dupc loai bd.
Khi thuy ngin ket hop vdi nhom tai be mat, nhom s i bj hPa tan tai mat tiep xuc vdi thuy n g i n va de d i n g tao ra AKOH)^ b l n g p h i n dng vdi nuPc.
Al + Hg ^ AlHg 2AIHg + 6Hp -^ lAKOH), + 3H^ + 2Hg Q u i trlnh phan dng nay se lai tao ra thuy ngin t y do, va sau do quy trinh an mdn s i lai tiep tue cho den khi thiet bi bj bao mon dan va dan den hU hdng khong the sd dung dupe.
Nguyen td thuy ngin khi x i m nhap vao mang tinh the cda thep - vat lieu chfnh eua dUdng dng - se lam giam do ben eua thep. Nguyen td thuy ngan cdng Iim gidn eie eac hpp kim cua dong, dan tdi g i l m dp ben eda cae thiet bj lam t d hpp kim ddng khi bi nguyen td thuy ngan x i m nhap [2].
1.3.3. Anh hudng den gid bdn ddu khi
Vi eie n h i may loe dau chi thiet ke de xd ly d l u thP, condensate vdi ham iUong thuy ngan cao (mot sd nha m i y cP the chap nhan ham lupng thdy n g i n den 500ppb vi/t). Do v l y d l u thd, condensate co h i m lupng thdy ngan cao dupe mua vPi g i i thap hon so vPl dau tho, condensate co h i m luong thuy n g i n thap. Mdc dp g i l m g i i phy thupc v i o ham IUpng thuy ngan, noi ban, nhu cau thj trUPng... D l u thP, condensate cd h i m lupng thuy ngan cao hon 1 .OOOppb wt cd the bi giam g i l hon lOUSD/thung.
Trong qua trinh khai thae md khi tU nhien ed ham lupng thdy ngan eao, neu khdng xd ly thuy n g l n khdi dong khi thi mPt phan thdy n g i n se di vao ddng condensate. Cudi cung se dan d^n viec giam gia b i n con- densate, lam anh hUdng den hieu q u i kinh te eda dy i n . Ei/ili KHi-504/2012 57 I
Nhu v i y thuy n g i n trong hydrocarbon du vdi h i m luong r l t nhd v l n cd t h ^ g l y ra thi^t hai Idn vd sdc khde con ngudi, trang thi^t bj v i kinh t^. Chfnh vl v|y, n g h i i n cdu xd ly thuy n g l n trong khai t h i c l i v l n d4 h^t sdc quan trpng v l c l n thl^t,
2, PhUorng p h i p xiJT ly thCiy n g l n trong khai t h i c d l u khf 2.1. Phuang phdp xCrl;^ thdy ngdn
Yiu c l u CO b i n 64 d i n d i n t h i n h cPng trong viic khd thdy n g i n v i d i p dng tfnh kinh t i eda viie khd thuy n g i n I I h i thdng xd 1^ thuy n g l n p h l i d i p dng duoc elc y i u c l u sau:
CP k h i n i n g g i i m luong thuy n g l n trong dpng lUu chit d i n mde y i u c l u cua ngudi mua.
Cd cdng suat xd ly du Idn eho mde dP khai thic cua md.
Hinh 2. Btnh hdp phu theo nguyen tdc hdp phu doc true
Hinh 3. Binh hdp phu theo nguyin tdc hdp phu theo bdn kinh
- L l m vl^c hl$u q u i t^i I p s u i t v l n h i i t dp eda ddng luu ehlt di v i o h$ thdng.
- Cd quy trlnh cy t h ^ v l an t o l n v l luu t r d v i xCfl^
thdy n g l n sau khi bj khd v i cie hda ehlt sau khi tuong tic vdi thdy n g l n .
- CdchiphfdlutUviv|nhinhhppl]^.
- V^n h i n h d l d i n g .
H i i n nay ed k h i n h i l u phuong p h i p di xd 1^ thiiy n g l n . Tuy n h l i n , hai phuong p h i p ndi b i t hon c l II hip phy b l n g than hoat tfnh v l b l n g mudi sulfur. Dya tren nhdng Uu dl^m cda viic dung mudr sulfur d^ xd 1^ thuy n g i n , n g h i i n edu d l x i y dyng hudng thiet ke thi^t bj x£r ly thuy n g l n dUa t r i n phuong p h i p nly.
2.2. Thiit bl xif I'ji thuy ngdn
Vige tfnh t o i n binh h i p phu thdy ngin con phu thudc v i o d i i n tfch s i n eung nhy chi4u cao tdi da cho p h i p di phd hpp vdi thdng sd ky thuat cua g i l n d i cd s i n ban d l u .
Trong binh h i p phu, p h l n quan trpng nhat ehfnh l i the tfch t i n g h i p phy. Mye dfch ehfnh eda p h l n th\it ke binh h i p phy eung chfnh la tfnh t o i n t h i tfch cua t i n g h i p phu t d d d dUa ra nhdng thPng sd kfch thype v l duPng kfnh trong eua thap eung nhu ehidu cao cua t i n g h i p phy cho nha san x u l t tham chilu v i \aa chpn thong sd thich hpp n h i t dd t h i l t k l mpt binh hap phu vda phd hpp vdi y i u c l u v l d i i n tfch cua g i l n vda phu hpp vdi vat l i i u , chi t i l t s i n cd cua n h i s i n x u l t .
CP hai k i l u binh h i p phy:
- Sinh hdp phu theo nguyin tdc hap phu doc true, ddng khi dupc d i n v i o trong binh h i p phu,i
Bdng 4. Uu vd nhuac diim cua 2 kliu binh hdp phu Binh h i p phu doc true
Lfu dilm:
-I-Thiet ke don giin.
+ KhPng cP nhieu thiit bi Ilp trong Idng cua binh.
• -I- Hoat dpng hieu qui d i p suit thip v i vda.
, -I- Nhiet do hoat dPng eP t h i lin tdi da l i 95"^.
I Nhupediem:
j + Hoat dong khPng hieu qui d i p suit cao hoac qui cao
; (tren 100 bar),
-I- Hoat dpng p luu luong nhP v i vda . (vai tram MMSCFD).
Binh h i p phy theo b i n kfnh __
I Lfu dilm:
+ Hoat dpng hiiu qui P nhiit dp thip.
•t-Hoat dpng hi^u qui d i p suit cao v i rat cao (tren 100 bar).
•1- Luu lupng khf dlu vio Idn (vii BSCFD).
+ Dp giim i p nhP.
Nhupediem,
-t- Nhi^t dp hoat ddng tUOng ddi thip.
•I- Hoat dpng khPng hiiu qui p i p suit thip.
•I- Thilt k i phdc tap vdi nhieu bp phan ben trong.
PETROVIETNAM
qua khoing khdng va IPp bi eau ceramic d l dn djnh ddng trUde khi tham gia vao p h l n iSng hda hpe b i n trong binh theo phupng t h i n g ddng dpe trye cua binh. Sau khi da tham gia p h l n dng vpi mudi sulfur ben trong ddng khi se dl theo dng d i n khf ra ngoii.
Binh hap phu theo nguyin tdc hap phu theo bdn kinh (hdpphij ngang): ddng khi dl vao binh h i p phy v l chd y i u dupe dan vao eie duPng dng nhd sit t h i n h binh v l t r i n thin nhdng dng nhd s i t thanh binh niy ed nhdng Id nhd de dong khf t h i m ngUpc vao tam binh xuyin qua IPp hPa ehlt h i p phu v l di v i o duPng dng thu hdi khi n l m dpe true binh h i p phu v i di ra ngoii.
CP the p h l n tieh uu nhupc d i l m ehfnh cda 2 k i l u thiet ke niy nhu Blng 4.
Uu va nhupc d i l m cda viec h i p phy thuy n g i n b l n g mudi sulfur:
Uu d i l m : -I- Cd tudi thp lau.
+ Phf dau t u t h i p hon, binh chda nhd hOn.
+ Cd the I i m viec d i p suit eao.
-1- CP the t h i l t ke I i m viec d i p suit t h i p . + Cd t h i dung eho khi kho va khf Udt.
+ Khong cd rui ro that t h o l t lUu huynh.
I + Co the thiet ke tUOng t y cho dPng hydrocarbon f long (nhe).
' + Cd the t i n dyng nguyen l i i u tai che do n l u ehly kim loai.
- Nhupediem:
'• + Chi phi sin xuat mudi sulfur cao hOn than ho?t tfnh.
f
+ SU xuat h i i n cua nude (H^O) s i lam g i l m h i i u q u i xdly thCiy ngan do nuPe khdng p h l i la ehlt xde t i e tdt cho 0 phan dng hoa hpc gida mudi sulfur v i thdy ngan.
Trong nghiin cdu nay, t i e g i i chl t i p trung v i o huPng thiet ke eho binh h i p phu doe tryc vl nP cd thiet ,( ke don gian nhUng hoat dpng h i i u q u i d ap suit vda (< 100 bar) - dieu k i i n I p s u i t I i m viee 6 p h l n Idn cie gian xdly tai Viet Nam.
3. Thiet ke thiet bj x£ir ly thiliy n g l n
De tfnh t o l n dupc the tich cda t i n g hap phu, eie nghien cdu trudc d i y da cho t h i y nhdng thdng sd eda
ddng khf d l u v i o v i y i u c l u v l dieu kiin I i m viie cda g i i n . thdng sd ve hda ehlt h i p phu eung nhu thPng sd ve v i t lieu c h l tao binh h i p phu la d i l u kiin cin d l thuc hien tfnh t o l n .
Tfnh t o i n binh h i p phy trong nghiin cdu n i y dUpe thyc hien nhu sau:
3.1. Tinh todn binh hdp phu Lupng khf khai thic trong t nam:
Vg,^=qxtx365(Sm*} (1) Trong dd;
q: lUu lupng khai thie (trSmVngiy) t: tudi thp can t h i l t cua c h i t h i p phu (nam) Luong thdy ngin trong khi c l n daac loai bd trong t n i m :
niH,-(C,^r'=H«.)'^V>'10'(''g) (2) Trong do: C„ ,, C^ ^: ham lUpng thuy ngan khi dau vio, d l u ra (yg/Sm').
Sau do, dya vao phuong trinh phan dng gida thdy ngan vdi mudi sulfur (Hg + M_S^= M^S^., + HgS) tfnh khdi lupng cua chat hap phu can thiet m M^S^ de h i p phy thdy ngan trong thPi gian t nam.
The tfeh can thiet cua lUpng ehat hap phy de du hap phy thuy n g i n trong thdi gian t nam:
y =!!l^l^{tn') (3)
Trong dd; p: khdi lupng riing cda chit h i p phu (kg/m^) m^ s : khdi lupng chat h i p phu can dung (kg) Nhu vay, the tich eua tang h i p phy (m'} c l n thiet de xd ly thdy n g l n trong thdi gian t nam dupe tinh theo cdng thde sau:
V,
y^^kx -(m^) (4)
Trong dP:
k: he sd an toan lly bang 1,5
R: ty l i the tfch hat c h i t hap phu hieu dyng (ed k h i n l n g hap phy thdy ngln). Udc lupng R = 10% qua quan sit thuc te.
Chilu cao ( h , ^ - m) cda tang h i p phu v i duPng kfnh trong eda thap h i p phu (d,^ - m) dupe tinh toan t d ePng thdc:
siiu KHI-SO 4/2012 59
(5) Dudng kfnh cua t h i i t b] h i p phy dupc gidi h^in bdi d i l u k l i n eua giSn, Chilu eao eda t i n g h i p phy eung bj gidi h?n t r i n bdi dp g l i m i p tdi da cho p h i p . Dp g i l m i p cda khf khi qua t i n g h i p phy dupe tfnh t o l n nhy sau:
Td t h i n h p h l n khf d l u v i o d l t i i d i t i l n h i n h l^p b i n g d l tfnh t o i n khdi lUpng r i i n g cua hdn hpp khf (p^) vdi don vi l i kg/mM23]:
PxW,
P„
(S(6) :xR%T
(7) Trong dP: P: i p suit I i m vi^c (KPa)
Mj. khdi lupng mole cua hdn hpp khf (kg/kmole) z: he sd lieh khf
R: h l n g sd 8.3145 T: n h i i t dd Iim viec (°K)
M^: khdi luong mole cda tdng t h i n h p h l n (kg/kmole) y^: p h l n t r i m mole cda tdng t h i n h p h l n He sd lich khf z hoan toan eP t h i tfnh dupe b l n g cich dung phuong phap tra dd thj Standing-Katz hoic dung quan h i Dranchuk& Abou - Kassem hoac Hall -Yaborough [3] d l tfnh tryc tiep.
T i l p theo nghiin edu tfnh h i sd nhdt eua hon hpp khf d d i l u kien ap suit khf quyln b l n g eieh tra dd thi h i sd nhPt eua cic khf sach P i p suit khf quyen rdi ddng edng thdc sau [22]:
^^_^I^MZ.^(cp) (8)
Trong do:
M^: khdi lUpng moi eua t h i n h p h l n khf.
y^: dp nhPt eda t h i n h p h l n khf (ep) dupe xac djnh b i n g each tra dd thj.
NhUng t h i n h phan khf cua nghien cdu dang xet p dieu k i i n nhiet dp v i i p suit I i m viie do dp n g h i i n cdu
y,
can tim t^ sd — ^ b l n g each tra cle dd thi xic dinh ty sd nhat theo ty trpng khi.
LTPc lupng van tdc khf b l mat v (m/phdt) [20], [22]:
VI h^t hda ehlt m l chung ta dung d l xd ly thdy ngIt cd dudng kfnh trung binh I I k h o i n g 4mm n i n nghiin ciJi m$e djnh g i l tri A = 67.
Dya v i o dd g i i m i p tdi da cho p h i p nghlin edy ci!
t h i tfnh t o l n uPe lupng ehilu cao tdi da cda t i n g h i p phi 64 d i m b l o y i u c l u v l 6fy g l i m I p tdi da cho phip thee cdng thdc nhu sau [20]:
—- = Bxiixv+Cxpyv h
Trong dd; AP I I 6i^ g f l m I p (KPa)
{10)
VI h?t hda c h i t cd dUPng kfnh trung binh l i khoing 4mm v l cd hlnh c l u n i n B = 5,36 v i C = 0,00189.
Dua t r i n cic edng thdc t r i n , nhPm t i c g i l da lap n h i l u g i i trj d,^ v l h ^ tucmg dng di n h i sin xult eP thi lya ehpn mdt g i l trj phu hpp vdi v l t l i i u sin ed v l dieu ki^n cu t h i eda g i i n khai t h i c .
Sau khi xie djnh chilu cao cda t i n g hap phu cung nhif dudng kfnh trong cua t h i p h i p phu, nhdm t i e g i l Ude tfnh chilu eao eua thap h i p phu bao gdm chieu eao ting hip phy, ehilu d i y cda Idp p h i n phdi v l dn djnh ddng khf vl khoing khdng c l n t h i l t d l ddng khi di chuyen v i dim blo dp g i i m I p doe theo tryc cda t h i p I I tdi thilu. Nhu vly, theo thyc n g h i i m [5] v l [20], chilu cao them v i o khoing t d 1 -1,5m de dat dupe ehilu cao dn djnh cho thip.
B l d i y cda vd binh h i p phu ed the daac tfnh theo nhilu t i i u chuln khlc nhau, tuy n h i i n trong bai bio niy tinh toan b l d i y vd binh h i p phy thdy n g i n theo tiiu chuln ASME [22],
(11) 2 x o x £ - 1 . 2 x P
Trong dP: 5: b l d i y cua vd binh h i p phy (mm) d,^^: duPng kfnh trong eda binh h i p phy (mm) o : iJng s u i t tdi da cho p h i p (MPa) E: H i sd h l i u dyng cua mdi h i n ndi A : ^ n h m d c d d m l i m P n ( m m ) 4. Ki^m chuTng
Nghiin cdu da tfnh t o i n mpt t h i l t bi xd 1^ t?i md Xoi thdng sd ddng khf d l u v i o binh h i p phu va c h l dd llM
viic nhu Blng 5,6. J
60 DAUKHi-Sp4/
PETROVIETNAM
Bdng 5. Chedd Idm viic tgi md X Bdng 8. Kit qud tinh todn vd so sdnh vdi thuc ti
Thdng s6 d&ng khi v i d i l u ki^n llm vi6c Him lugng thCiy ngin dau vio 170 HSm lupng thCiy ngin dlu ra HSm lupng H^S Tudl thp binh hap phu LUu luong dPng khf Chilu cao tdi da cho ph4p Chilu rpng sin tdi da eho phip Ap suit thilt k l Nhilt dp thilt k^
|ig/Sm' yg/Sm^
ppm nim MMSCFD
m m MPa
op Dp giim i p cho ph^p
Bdng 6. Thdng sdddng khidau vdo binh hdp phij
c, c,
n-C, i < i n-C,
--,
N l CO:
y 0,73910 0,10850 0,05310 0,00730 0,00970 0,00250 0,00150 0,00240 0,01000 0,06590
TcK-R 343,33 549,92 666,06 734,46 765,62 829,1 845,8 913,6 227,49 547,91
P^psia 673.074 708,342 617,376 529.042 550,653 483,496 489,52 436,9 493,1 1071 Cle thdng sd v l hda chat da dupc dung (Blng 7).
Bdng 7. Thdng so hda chdt duac ddng
H6a chit hSp phu Khdi lupng rieng ciia hat hap phu BuPng kfnh hat hip phu
Fe,S,(CuS) 1000 kg/m^
4 , mn,
So dd he thdng xd ly thdy n g l n tai md X nhu Hinh 4.
Sau khi I p dyng cdng thdc tfnh toan, nghien cdu da CO dupc k i t q u i nhu Blng 8.
So sinh k i t q u i tinh t o i n vdi k i t q u i thUe te eua mdt binh h i p phu thdy n g i n da dUpc sd dung tai md X trong thdi gian 5 nam d i eho thay, vdi edng mpt thPng so dau vao, hoa ehat h i p phu, thdng sd ddng khf, nghiin cdu da chi ra dupc k i t q u i tuong dng vdi k i t q u i thUc t l eda t h i l t
Tfnh toan
H6a chit FejSj Thi tich hSp phu (m^) 20 Oudng kfnh trong ciia th^p (m) 3 Chi^u cao tSng hap phu (m) 2,8 Chi^u cao tang hap phu t6l da de dim bio ring bupc v i dp 5,4 gi5m^p(m)
Thyc te CuS
Hlnh 4. Sa do xdly thdy ngdn tgi mdX bjda sddung tai mo X.Theo dp, tai md X, vPi eung thong sd dau v i o va ehe dp lam viee, t h i tfeh hap phu daac ddng l i 19m^ dudng kfnh thap la 3m v i chilu cao eua tang hap phy la 2,7m, thap nay dUpc ddng trong 5 nam va thay hda c h i t sau 5 nam sd dung. Odi vdi p h l n tinh t o i n cua tac g i i , sau khi I p dung eae ePng thde trong p h l n nghiin edu d i dung bd sd lieu cua md X d l tfnh t o i n kfch thudc t h i p h i p phy v i dat dupc k i t q u i tuong ddng nhuthap dang sddung ngoai thue te.
5. Ket luan
Viec thiet ke thiet bi va x l y dyng md hlnh xd \'jr phy thude v i o nhieu yeu td cung nhU khci nang ap dung cho tdng trUPng hpp cy the. VPi mye t i i u "Nghiin cdu phuong p h i p xd ly thuy ngan trong khai thac dau khi", nghiin edu da g i i i q u y l t dupc nhdng van de sau:
+ DUa ra thiet ke binh xd ly thdy n g l n cho mpt md co k h i nang I p dung tai Viet Nam.
-F Tfnh toan thiet ke binh hap phu thuy ngan theo phuang phap hap phy dpe true b l n g mudi sulfur, ma
quan trpng n h l t l i tinh t o l n dupe t h i tieh t i n g h i p phy, d l t d dd dua ra elc thdng sd kleh thudc tuang dng eho eie n h i sin x u l t Ida ehpn thdng sd phu hpp d l sin x u l t . -i- Kit q u i binh h i p phu tfnh t o l n sau khi so sinh vdi k i t q u i t h i l t bj xd ly d md X v i eP t h i c h i p nh^in dUoe 6i dua v i o sin x u l t t h d nghiim.
T i i l i i u tham khlo
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Kirchgessner, 2007. Mercury in Crude Oil. Mercury in Crude Oil Processed in the United States (2004). Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, 41 (13), 4509.
2. Wilhelm, S. M., PhD. Johnson Matthey, April 2009.
The interaction of mercury with metal surfaces - engineering implications. Mercury Technical Seminar - Ho Chi Minh City.
3. B u t t e r w o r t h Heinemann, 2000. Reservoir Engineering Handbook. US^:Gu\fPToiei\or\a\ publishing.
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Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology.
J, Campbell, John M, 1996. Gas Conditioning and Processing. s.l. John M.Campbell and Company.
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Texas, USA: UOP LLC.
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n . Muhamad Rashid Sainal, T.Mohd Uzaini T.Mat, Azman Shafawi and Abdul Jabar Mohamed, November 2007. Mecury removal project: issues and challenges in managing and executing a technology project. SPE 11 O i l 8.
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15. L.Pornsakulsak a n d T.Soponkanabhorn, September 2007. Metal recovery from spent mercury and H^ Absorbents. SPE 108875.
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www.gaschem.eom/mereury.htmL
17. Peter J.H Carnell and Steve Willis, 2005. Mercury removal from liquid hydrocartjons. The UK: Johnson Matthey Catalysts.
18. Peter J.H Carnell, December 2005. Andria Foster and John Gregory. Mercury Matters. The UK: Johnson Matthey Catalysts.
19. Spiric, Z d r a v k o , February 2 0 0 1 . innovative approach to the mercury control during natural gas processing. Texas, USA: Engineering Technology Conference on Energy.
20. Hoing Trpng Quang v i H i Qude Viic 2008. Bdi gidng Cdng nghi ^^i'- ChMng 7-Ldm khd khi bdng chdthSp phu. D?i hpe BIch khoa Tp. HCM.
21. Nguyin Thj Lilu, Ngd Quang Minh, 2008. Thdy ngdn: Mdi hlim hpa cho cdc cdng trinh khi vd hda ddu.
Tuyln t§p b l o e i o Hpi nghj KHCN "Viin D l u khiViet Nam:
30 n l m p h i t t r i l n v i hpi nhip", p. 588 - 593.
22. T h i i Vd Trang, 2008. TTiu gom - XUI'^-Vdn chuyin ddu khi. e^i hpc BIch khoa Tp. HCM.
