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De phdt trien ben vmg
NGUON Ld RONG Md VINH NHA TRANG
Rong mcf la mot trong nguon ldi co gid tri, gop phdn tao nen sU da dqng sinh hoc cho vinh Nha Trang. De phdt trien ben viing nguon ldi rong md vinh Nha Trang, trong khuon kho Hoi thdo "Bdo ton da dqng sinh hoc vinh Nha Trang" dtidc to chiic hiidng ting Tuan li fesstival bien Nha Trang 2009, Phdn vien Khoa hoc Vdt lieu Nha Trang dd neu len hien trqng vd de xuat gidi phdp phdt trien ben viing nguon ldi rong md vinh Nha Trang.
HIEN TRANG NGUON L0I RONG MO VjNH NHA TRANG
Rong md la nhiJng loai thuoc nganh rong nau (Phaeophyta) cd kich thudc ca the Idn, chiing hinh thanh cac th^m rong bien rpng td vai hecta cho den ck vai chuc ha, cao td 0,5m den 3m, tren cac bai trieu va rgn ngam cd nin day da hoac san hd. Rong mo ddng vai trd quan trpng trong sir can bang cac he sinh thdi ven bien nhu ha'p thg cac chat dinh dudng trong nudc giiim thieu sU 6 nhilm dinh dUdng trong nUdc, lam ndi tru ngu che ehd cho nhilu dong vat bien khoi bj an thjt cung nhu la bai d§ vk ndi Udng nudi cho cac giai doan au triing cua cac loai nhu tom, cua, ca, muc, ca ngua, sd.„
Su ndy chdi mdi cua cdc cdy rong ma bi cat:
(a) 2 cm , (b) 5 cm, (c) 10 cm, (d) 15 cm
Rong md la nguyen lieu tot de chiet nit alginat, lam phan bdn, lam thdc an nhu la mpt loai rau xanh. Rong md cdn cd chda mpt chat cd hoat tinh sinh hpc cao la Fucoidan giup tang cUdng he thd'ng miin djeh, khang u, khang ung thu, khang virut, ha mdc cholesterol, giSm huyet ap cao, ngan chan dong eye mau, gi&m viem loet da day, giSi dpc cd the khdi cae kim loai nang.
Hien nay tinh hinh khai thae rong md dien ra ram rp doe theo cac viing ven bien mien Trung, trong dd eo Nha Trang. 6 nhieu ndi rong md da bj khai thae ngay tif luc con non. B§n canh dd, do nhQng ye'u to khac nhU:
san lap biin cho cac cong trinh md rpng khu do thj, phat triln du ljch.
khai thae san ho cho muc dich xay di/ng hoac my nghe... da lam anh hudng den tiem nang phat triln ben vijfng nguon nguydn lieu nay.
Qua dieu tra phong van cua 120 hp dan cd khai thae rong md ven biin cho thay: nguon Ipi rong mo tai Khanh Hda trd thanh nguon thu nhap ciia mpt so hp d§n song ven bien. Miia vu ngudi dan thu ho^ch td thang 2 den thang 8. So' hp d§n khai thae tap trung 6 6 khu vUc chinh la My Giang, DSm Van, LUdng Son, Ba Lang, Hdn Chong, Song Lo. SSn lUdng khai thae tang dSn trong nhOng nam gan day va trong nam 2008 la 4.056 tan rong kho, 6 vjnh Nha Trang khoSng 1.534 tSn rong kho.
Theo so lieu dieu tra nghien eijfu cua Vien Nghien cdu va Lfng dung Cong nghe Nha Trang ve hien trang rong md tgi vjnh Nha Trang, cho thay: sinh lUdng rong md thap 6 cae bai trieu gan khu dan eu, sinh lUdng cao d cac bai trieu ven 6ko va cao nhSt S rgn da ngdm. Sinh lUdng binh quan cua cac bai rong ed t h i chia thanh 3 viing:
- Viing ven bd Hdn Chong, Song Lo, Mui Ca Sau, Xdm Bau, cd sinh lupng trung binh 1.300 - 1.800g tudi/m^.
- Viing ven 6ko Hon Riia, Hon Tre sinh lupng trung binh 1.500 - 2.500g tUdi/m^.
- Viing bai da ngam Grand Bank CO sinh lUdng trung binh 7.000 - 8.000g tUdi/m^.
KHCN & MT K H A N H HOA • SO 3/2009
GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN
BEN V Q N G R O N G M d
De phat trien ngudn Ipi rong md, dau tien can phai thu hoach rong md dung thdi vu vd dung each. Rong md ed ehu trinh sinh san mpt nam, ne'u khdng thu hoach thi chung se tan lui va thdi rda. Vi the, can thiet thu hoach het rong md vad thdi gian sau dinh sinh san de khdng can trd den qua trinh phat tan bao td. Rong trUdng thanh dai khoang 80cm de'n 3m, tren ngpn eae nhanh mang cac ed quan sinh san gpi la thdi sinh san hinh tru hoac tam lang cd gai. Khi thu hoach rong, phai de lai gdc bam va mpt doan than dai khoang lOem, de giup rong cd phan tan che cho bao td tranh dupe cac dpng vat an, giam bdt anh sang tac dpng true tiep, phat trien them eac thdi sinh san va cung cap them ngudn gidng bdo td.
Miia thu hoach rong tai viing bie'n Nha Trang dUpc Vien Nghien cdu va L/ng dung Cong nghe Nha Trang xae djnh nhU sau: cac bai rong ven bd, Bai Tien, Ba Lang, Hdn Chong, Xdm Bau, Sdng Ld bat dau td thang 5; cac bai rong Hdn Rua, Hon Tre bat dau td thang 6; ran ngam Gand
Bank bit dau vao thang 8.
Tiep de'n, de quan ly tdt nguon ldi rong mo, Vien Nghien cdu va (ir\g dung Cdng nghe Nha Trang da de xuat nen td chdc khai thae theo hinh thdc nhdm: cac hp ngu dan dupe td chdc thanh nhom; mdi nhdm 5 - 10 hp co ciing dia ban dan cU hoac eo eiing mpt khu vUe khai thae. Mdi nhdm se dUde giad khoan cho tdng vung de khai thae hieu qua, ddng thdi ed nhiem vu ddng thue ve khai thae tdi nguyen ven bd (thue nay se dd UBND tinh quy djnh; trUdc mIt, ehi d mdc thu tupng trUng de dam bao quyen ldi hdp phap dupe phep khai thae bai rong dd ma khong bi xam pham vd se dupe cac cd quan chdc nang lien quan bao ve). Ddng thdi, nhdm nay se phan cdng ngUdi bao ve ngudn ldi rong md trong 2 thang (thang 3 vd thang 4); khi thu hoach phai chia phan san pha'm eho ngUdi quan ly bai rong. Tuy nhien, cac hinh thdc td chdc khai thae co the linh hoat phii hdp vdi tdng dia phUdng, sdng phai bad dam gin lien vdi viec phat huy tinh tU quan ciia ngudi dan tham gia bao quan ngudn Ipi dem lai Idi ich ciia chinh ho.
Ddng thdi, nham giup hp ngU dan thUe hien tdt giai phdp thu hoach rong diing thdi diem, binh quan moi hp dUdc vay (khoang 5 trieu ddng) de sd dung sd tien nay vao kinh doanh san xua't hoac ehi tieu trong thdi gian ehd eho rong md trong khu vUe minh quan ly phat trie'n dat tieu chua'n khai thae. Mat khae, ddi vdi cac hp kinh doanh thu mua rong md, can co che tai tren ed sd cap giay phep kinh doanh theo dieu kien ve tieu chud'n ngudn nguyen lieu cd kich thude chieu dai tren 80cm va mang eac thdi sinh san, thdi gian thu mua nguyen lieu rong md bit dau td thang 5.
Nhu vay, de thuc hien dupe nhQng giai phap da neu tren, can cd sU phdi hdp trie'n khai thpc hien ciia cae cd quan lien nganh, bao gdm: dai dien chinh quyen, cac ed quan ehuyen mon nganh thiiy san, bao ve ngudn ldi, bien phong, quan ly thi trudng, ke hoach dau tU, vien nghien cdu... nham bad ve va phat trien ngudn ldi rong md eua vinh Nha Trang.
HOANG LIEN (Li/iic silii lit thio ciiii iifihicn ciiu Uioii hoc ciia Vien Nfihii'ii ciiu vii Uiif; duni;
Ciiiiji nt^bc Nhd Tniiii;)
HA BANG
OUdlMG PHO
Q / i hOng chiec xe con
Ddi mdi ddt tien Chay khong tieng dong Phia sau cuon song but udng Nhdng xe mdy
To hong rpng mom Gdm rii
Inh tai, nhdc dc Nhiing xich 16, ba gdc Loc cdc doc ngang
Dem khong den vdn phang Ngdy vdt vd ngd ba, ngd bdy NhQng xe dap dan, doi Ddng bd vai ngoi
Dudi nhau do do Noi cuai ho ho
NhUng bdn chan quanh chai NgUac xudi cuoc bo
Gong ddi...
Bdn rao tren pho Nhiing nu hoa, bup Id Ngon CO, gdc cdy Nhd niUa gid Phui bao lap but Dudng phd Cuon cuon chdy
• f i p t f e '
Khoa hoc CN A MT • KH • SO 3/2009