No 13_Sep2019|S6 13 - Thang 9 nam 20]9|p 5-11
T A P CHI K H O A H O C D A I H O C T A N T R A O ISSN: 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1
http://tckh .daihoctantrao .edu .vn/
Phat trien ben vfrng van hoa dan toe San Diu fr khu vyc mien niii phfa B3c
Nguyen Thi Qui Loan "'. Le Thi Thu Huang"
" Truang DHSP Thai Nguyen Email ngtiyencjueloanJK^gmail.com Thong tin bai viet
Ngay nhan bdi.
03/7/2019 Ngdy dtty^l dang:
10/9/2019 Tir khoa:
Sdn Diu. phdl Inen bin vung, mien nui phia Bac, van hoa, hoi nhgp.
T o m tat
Khu vuc mien mil phia Bac Viet Nam hien co khoang 31 dan toe smh song Do xen cu trong mot viing van hoa - lich su nen giita cac dan toe co su giao tiep ve kinh te, xa hoi. chinh tn, van hoa Sau Doi mat (nam 1986), su hoi nhap cua cac dan toe dien ra raanh me gop phan thiic day qua trinh hoa hop, mat khac lam bien dpi van hoa tmyen thong khien nhieu gia tq van hoa bi mai mpt Trong may thap men qua. Dang va Nha nuoc da cp nhiing ehii tmong, chinh sach, cae cupc van dpng, du an nhara bao ton va phat huy ban sdc v3n hoa dan (pc De tham gop ciing cac bien phap da duoc thuc hien, chiing toi tien hanh nghien ciru 6 rapt dan Ipc cu the dang chju anh huong ro ret ciia qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, tir do, de ra nhihig giai phap phii hop nham gift gin va phat tnen van hoa ben viing
1. Ma dau
Van de phat tnen ben vQng duac khai dau tir su quan tam den ben vCrng moi tmong tai hpi nghi Stockholm (to chirc tai Thuy Dien) nara 1972 [1] Vg sau, su phat tnen ben vung dupc nhan thiic khong chi trong ITnh vuc moi trucmg, ma con bao ham ca ve kinh te, xa hpi va van hoa [5] . Theo do, phat tnen ben viJng duac hieu la "Sir phdl Inen cd the ddp irng duac nhu cdu cua hen ten md khdng dnh hir&ng, ton hai din nhung khd nang ddp img nhu cdu cua cdc the he lucmg lai" [6, tr 13]
Cho den nay, phat tnen ben vCfng da tra thanh y niem pho bien 6 Viet Nam, duac de cap den 6 cap dp Vl mo cung nhu vi rao Vai tro ciia van hoa trong phal trien, cac van de dat ra ve mau thuan giCta hoi nhap voi bao luu gia tn van hoa truyen thong, viec phat huy ban sac vSn hpa trpng phat tnen cung duac de cap den trong mot so cong trinh nghien ciiu tren quan diem Van hoa la dong luc cho su phat tnen va co quan he chat che voi tang tmong kinh te, on dinh xa hoi Trong mot quoc gia da dan tPC, van hoa tPC nguoi (bap gpra tong the nheng yeu to van hoa vat the va phi vat the) la (hanh to quan trpng trong van hoa dan tpc, gop phan tao nen ban sac ciia chinh quoc gia do [3] [4] [5]
Chinh vi vay, tim hiSu ve cac dang thirc van hoa, dac biet la van hoa co moi quan he va anh huong nhu the nao den phat trien bSn vQng can phai c6 nhiing nghien cim a toe nguoi cu the Trong bai viet nay, chimg toi xem xet thuc trang van hoa ciia dan toe San Diu, tren ca so do, de ra giai phap nhara dara bao phat tnen ben vOng ve van hoa ciia cac dan toe noi ehung va dan tpe San Diu noi neng Bang phuang phap dien da dan toe hpc, nghien cim duac thuc hi?n thong qua each tiep can da nganh Lich sir, xa hpi hoc va dac biet la nhan hoc van hoa, tai 2 tinh Thai Nguyen va B5c Giang - day la 2 tinh co so luang nguoi dan toe San Diu dong dao a khu vuc mien nin phia Bac
2. Noi dung nghien cihi
2.hThuc trang van hoa ciia dan toe Sdn Diu a khu vuc mien nui phia Bdc
Theo each phan chia (dang duoc ap dung) cua Tong cue Thong ke, viing mien niii phia Bac Viet Nam bao gom 15 tinh', trong do, nguai San Diu tap trang P tinh Bac Giang 23 779 nguai. Thai Nguyen
Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Bac Can, Tuyen Quang, Lko Cai, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, Bac Giang. Phii Tho, Dien Bien, Son l ^ Lai Chau, Hoa Binh va Quang Ninh
K TO.Loan elaVHo 1 37 365 nguoi^ Do song xen vdi nhieu thanh phan dan tpc, dSc biet la dan toe Kinh (Viet) - mot dan toe chiem so dong va eo trinh do van hoa cao hon so voi cac dan too khac, nen hoa( ddng eiia cpng ddng nguoi Kmh cd anh huong Idn d^n su phat tn6n kinh te, van hda, xa hdi noi chung va cu dan San Diu noi neng Tir nam 1986, ciing vdi toe do dd thi hoa. cac cudc hon nhan hdn hop giila eac cap va chong San Diu - Kinh ngay cang pho biSn Dd cung la mdt trong nhftng nguyen nhan lam van hoa Kinh ngay cang co nhieu anh hudng din den su bien doi van hoa ciia ngudi San Diu Trong nghien ciru nay, chimg toi xem xet cae thanh to van hoa nhu ngon ngft. trang phuc va nha d Day la nhftng thanh to d l nhan biet de phan biet toe ngudi, dong thdi ciing d l bi ton thuong nh3t trong qua trinh hoi nhap
2.1.1. Ngdn ngir
Theo cac nha nghien ciru, ngon ngft San Diu duoc xep vao nhanh Han trong ngii he Han - Tang, thuoc loai hinh ngdn ngft don lap, ngudi San Diu dimg khoang 95% chft Han doc theo am San Diu (Han - San Diu), eon lai ia chft tu tao theo chft Han nhung am nghia thay doi hoac chfl mdi, am nghia radi, co the coi dd la chft Nom - San Diu Vi vay, neu ai khong biet chft San Diu nhung biet chft Han van co the doc hieu dupc van tij ciia ngudi San Diu Trong xa hdi tmyen thong, cung nhu hi#n tai, viec hpc ngon ngft San Diu (chii y6u la ngon ngft ndi) duoe thuc hien qua con dudng tmyen khSu, so ngudi biet viet chft San Diu chi dem tren dau ngon tay va phan Idn ho la nhftng ngudi lam nghe thay ciing D P dd, ngdn ngft viet chii yeu la de sft dyng viet sd va diep trong cac buoi ciing te
Tmdc day, ngudi San Diu su dung ngdn ngu rae de trong gia dinh cung nhu trong giao tiep hang ngay Sau khi mien B i c hoan toan giai phong (nam 1954), do nhieu nguyen nhan ve dieu kien hch su va xa hdi cu the ma mire do su dung ngon ngtt San Diu ciia dong bao d cac khu vuc eu tni khac nhau theo xu hudng khac nhau Khu vuc ndng thdn vi nhu xa Nam Hda thudc huyen Dong Hy, xa Phiie Thuan thupc huyen Pho Yen (tinh Thai Nguyen), xdm Mudi, Beo (xa Giap Son, Luc Ngan, Bac Giang), tieng San Diu dupc su dung kha pho bien trong cong ddng tdc ngudi C cac khu vuc thi tran, thanh pho, gan dudng quoc Id nhu xa Hda Thuong (huyen Dong Hy, tinh Thai Nguyen), xdm Chao Mdi, Trai Mdi (xa Giap Son, huyen Lye Ngan, tinh Bac Giang), hien tuong
" Theo so lieu cua Tong cue Thong kc nSm 2009
3_Sep20I9|p5-lI
song ngft San Diu - Viet lai pho bien, trong do tieng Viet chiem uu the Tham chi, d nhftng diem nay tinh
"phd bien" d day da dat tdi mire dp su dung ngon tft cua mdi ca nhan Dieu nay cd thi thay ro qua pham vi giao tilp:
+ Giao tiep (rong pham vi gia dinh va pham vi xdm (bao gom ca trong hop xdm) sii dung tieng San Diu
+ Giao tilp tren pham vi toan xa (trao ddi ca nhan, giao dich mua ban, hop xa sft dung song ngft San Diu - Viet
-I- Giao tilp nai smh hoat cdng cpng (nai lam viec d tm sd xa. tmdng hoe, tram y te, chp phien . sir dung song ngft San Diu - Viet
Tiiy thep trinh dp hoc van va nhom xa hdi nghe nghiep ma viec tiep thu va sft dung von tii vung tieng Viet cua nguoi San Diu theo miic do khac nhau, vdi nhftng nguai la can bd vien chirc, can bd cap xa va lop thanh, thilu men viec sii dung tieng Viet dat den trinh dd thuan thuc va chinh xac den mftc neu chi (hong qua each an mac va ngdn ngft thi khd cd thi nhan bilt do la ngudi San Diu hay ngudi Viet (Kinh) Cdn vdi nhiing ngudi lara ndng nghiep hoac tang Idp cao tuoi, tmng men raac dii diln dat tieng Vi^l chua chuan xac, con ngong va thieu am vi, nhung nhin chung hp nam vftng tieng Viet
Sau Ddi nidi (1986), dae biet la tft nam 2000 trd lai day, nhftng noi gan do thi, tieng San Diu hau nhu it duoc sft dung Mdt tinh trang trd nen pho bien d cu dan San Diu do la viec sft dung tieng Viet (nghe, ndi, Viet) thanh thao hon tieng San Diu, hoac su dung tieng Viet thanh thao nhung lai khdng biet sft dung tieng San Dtu (cd nhflng nguoi biet nghe va hieu ldm bom nhung lai khong bilt noi tieng San Diu) Xu hudng chung cua cac hp gia dinh la khi tre bat dau hpc ndi, thay vi day tre lieng San Diu thi dng ba, cha me lai day cho tre ndi tieng Viet vdi rauc dich cho Ue phat am chuan de khi idn len theo hoc d tmdng dd bi thiet thdi- Tham chi, tinh trang pho biln trong cae hp gia dinh San Diu dd la chi nhftng ngudi tu 60 tuoi trd nen biet va sft dung thanh thao tieng me de, cdn tang Idp trung men va thanh men hau nhu khdng biet ndi hoac chi bilt nghe ma khdng b i l l ndi tieng dan tdc minh.
Thii ngdn ngft dupe su dung giao tiep hang ngay trong gia dinh, lang xdra, cdng dong xa hpi la tiing Vi^t (xem bang 1)
N.TOLoanelal/Ho 13_Sep 2019|p 5-11 Bang I: Muc do sir dung lieng I'lel ciia ngudi
Sdn Diu Do (uoi
Tir 18-50
Tir 55-70
Sir dung tieng Viet giao tiep T r o n g gia
tlinli So nguai
su dung 16/20
19/30 Tv l e %
80.0
63.3
Nffi cong cong So nguai sir
dung
20/20
25/30 T v i e
%
100,0
83.3 Nguon Diiu Ira Ihuc dia Igi 2 linh Bac Giang.
Thdi Nguyen, thdng 5/2018
Xera xet mftc dd su dung ngdn ngO toe ngudi, chiing tdi cdn quan tam viec sii dung ngon ngft trong thd ciing td tien Thong thudng, day la mdt trong nhung canh hudng ma eon ngudi muon gift gin ban sac tdc ngudi ciia rainh nhat. Mdt thuc trang cho thay, vdi cac gia dinh tir 35 trd xuong cd din 66% sir dung ngon ngft Viet trong cung te gia lien, cau xin cac vi than hnh, td tien phii hd (bang 2)
Bang 2; Sir dung ngdn ngii trong Ihd citng lo lien
Ngon ngir
San Diu
Viel
Song ngil Chi bao
S o l u a n g
%
Soluang
%
Soluang
%
B o tuoi Tir 20-35
tuoi 12/60 20%
40/60 66 6%
8/60 13-3%
Tir 35-70 36/60 60%
0/60 0%
24/60 40%
Nguon: Dieu tra ihrc d}a 2 linh Bdc Giang, Thdi Nguyen, thdng 5/2018
Danh gia ehung v l miic dd su dung ngdn ngft dan tdc minh trong mdi trudng gia dinh va cdng dong cua ngudi San Diu cho thay ra( nhieu ngudi dudi 35 tuoi khong ndi duoc tieng San Diu hoae ndi duac rat it Thuc trang nay, lam cho ngdn ngiJ San Diu dang dung tmdc nguy co bi b i l n mat
Co the ndi, do nhftng nhan to khach quan va chii quan khac nhau ma dan den hien tupng nay, trong dd khdng the khong ndi den tae dong cua ngdn ngft pho thdng, Do nhan thuc tieng Viet ia cong cu dae Iuc va hilu hieu de phat tnen kinh te, van hda, giao due, khoa
hoc kji thuat va cung do quan mem muon con em rainh thong thao tieng Viet de khi di hoc khong thua kera be ban, nen ngay tir khi tre mdi tap ndi thay vi day (leng San Diu thi dng ba va cha me lai day tieng Viet cho tre [2, tr 344] Ngoai ra, tam ly ngai sft dung tieng dan tdc, khdng mudn hoc tieng dan toe bdi moi tmdng giao d i p hang ngay chu yeu bang tieng Viet khien lap thanh thieu men thay khong can thiet phai hoc tieng dan tdc cling la nguyen nhan dang k l khien ngdn ngft San Diu ngay cang mai mdt
Tinh trang hdn nhan hdn hop dan toe cung anh hudng tdi sft dung ngdn ngft trong gia dinh Ket qua phdng van sau ngudi San Diu d cac diem nghien cuu eho biet, nhftng cap vo chong cd con dau la ngudi Krah ngai ndi chuyen vdi nhau biing tieng San Diu, vi so con dau nghi hp cd dilu gi rauon giau. Mat khac, nang luc ngdn ngft cua tdc ngudi ngay cang khdng dap irng duoc viec phan anh nhftng van d l kmh te - xa hdi. bdi thi, rat nhieu Ift ngft phai vay rauon tiing pho thong de dien giai Ben canh dd, do dac diira song xen ke nen su giao d i p gifla cac tdc ngudi duoc thuc hien bang ngon ngft ciia tdc ngudi cd so dan chilm da so do ta ngudi Kinh (Viet)
2.1.2. Trang phuc
Trang phuc la radt trong nhftng thanh to d l nhan biet nhat de phan biet tdc ngudi Tuy nhien, trong boi canh hien nay, dudi tac dpng ciia giao luu van hoa trang phuc lai la yeu lo de bien doi nhat Tai cac diem nghien cim, trang phuc tmyen thong khdng dupc ngudi dan su dung trong ngay thudng nen neu chi nhin vao trang phuc d l nhan dien dan tgc thi rat khd d l phan biet ngudi San Diu vdi ngudi Kinh, bdi ho thudng mgc quan ao may san ciia ngudi Kinh dupc bay ban d cac cho trong viing
Theo ket qua phieu dieu tra, so hd thuoc cac diem nghien cuu edn gift trang phuc trayen thong rat it, chi chilm 14.1% (24/170 hd gia dinh duoc hdi), trong khi so hd khong cdn trang phuc trayin thong chiem 85,9%
(146/170 hd gia dinh duac hdi) Trong do, nft gidi Iuu gift trang phuc trayen thong nhieu hon nam gidi The he dng ba, bo me van cdn gift duoc mpt so bp, trong khi cac thi he con chi gift duoc rat it hoac tham chi khdng cp, den the he cac chau, chat thi khdng edn gift lai duac gi ciia trang phuc tmyen thpng ciia dan toe va hp eung khdng mudn/ khdng co y thftc luu gift Ipai trang phuc nay nfta (bang 3)
Bang 3: So ngtrai co nang pimc mm
A'.7-gL™«oi-'Nol3_Sep2019|p5-ll
cua m6i quoc gia De gin giiJ va phat Irim hm vdng ihong
Irong gia dinh
c.
^
T 6 n E s 6 l l ^ R
So 7 14 43 86 50
Ba 12 34 3.
76 50
Cha M c 2 4 4S 96 50
Con 6 0 12 0
« 1 ,.
84 1 CO
\—^^
C h a u 0
.SO 100
Nguon: Diiu tra ihuc dia Igi Unh Bdc Giang, Thai Nguyen, thdng 5/2018
2.1.3 Nhd a
Nha d tmyin thong la thanh to luu gift nhieu dau an van hoa toe ngudi Tuy nhien, dudi tac ddng ciia hdi nhap, nha d eiia cac tdc ngudi cung dang co nhilu bien dfli Cac kit qua bang philu hdi cho thay ngudi San Diu d nhieu loai hinh nha kliac nhau va so lucmg cac nha phi tmyIn thong dang chilm uu the (bang 4)
Bang 4: Logi hinh nhd a ciia ngirdi Sdn Diu
[jjai nha
Nlia Irinh Cap 4 Ma, bing
Nhieu
Tinh Bac Giang
M.«, 1 29 13 7 Tons so 1 50
Beo 0 35 2 13 50
Chao 0 21
0 4 25
Tinh Thai Nguyen (cac xom) Thai
0 22 5 18 50
Bo 0 44
4 2 50
N a C a 1 1 21 1 0 23 Nguon, Dieu tra thuc dia 2 tinh Bac Giang, Thai Nguyen, ihdng 5/2018
Qua bang tren chp thay, nha ciia ngudi San Diu tai hai tinh hau hit la nha cap 4, nha mai bang va nha tang Dac dilm ngdi nha tmyen thong cua dong bao thap, ciia so it va be, it anh sang, nha lam tudng trinh bang dat co do day tft 20 din 30 cm, raai duoc lop bang la heo hoac gianh, rom, 4 mat hoac 3 mat co do bung mat tmdc, 4 mai (ngudi dan van goi la nha banh gid) Theo cu dan dia phuang, mac du nha tmyIn thong co uu dilm la raat nhung do nha lam thap lai it cua so nen khdng thoang, nhat la nhftng hom det trdi nfira, nha ara thap khien cho tre con va ngudi gia de raac cac benh ve hd hap Mat khac, do lop bang nhftng vat lieu de hdng, nhanh bi muc nat nen chi sau 4- 5 nam nguoi ta phai lop lai mpt lan Bdi vay, khi cd dieu kien v l kinh t l , nguoi San Diu pha bo d l xay nha mdi bang gach nung, lap ngdi do, pro XI mang hoac do mai bang
2.2 Giai phdp ffn^&vd phdt triin ben vitng vdn hda Van hoa duoc hieu la san pham dac thu ciia dan toe, cd VI ui chiln luoc trong su ton tai va phat triln
van hda, theo chiing tdi can phai thuc hien 2.2 I. Citng c6 long li.r hdo cita cdc chu ihe van hda ve gid tri van hoa Iruyin thong cita loc ngudi minh
C6 the noi, cot loi cua van de bao ton chinh ia nhan thuc cua chu the van hoa ve gia tri van hda duyen thdng ciia dan toe minh Qua nghien cftu thuc trang van hda cua dan tdc San Diu d 2 tinh Bac Giang va Thai Nguyen cho thay, mac dii trong nhftng nam qua cac c5p chinh quyen da co nhieu nd luc trong viec t n i n khai va thuc hien cac chinh sach, d l an nham bao tdn va phat t n i n van hda tmyen thong; song tat ca nhitng co gang d6 se khdng thuc su co hieu qua khi ma tang Idp thanh, thilu men - chii the cua ehinh nen van hda ay chua cd nhan thuc dimg dan v l gia tn van hda tmyIn thong ciia tdc ngudi minh
Xu hudng xem thudng, phii nhan hoac thd o vdi van hda trayen thdng, d l cao qua muc cac gia tn van hda ma duoc cho la •"radi", la "hien dai" chiem khong nhd trong bd phan thanh thilu men San Diu Tir quan niera dd din den tu tudng muon cd loi spng mdi khdng hen quan gi din gia tri van hda tmyIn thong eiia toe ngudi Trong khi do, viec bao ton, gin gift di san van hoa khdng chi dung lai d viee nghien cuu, sii dung cac loat raay mdc, thilt bi, phucmg tien k j thuat nghe nhin hien dai luu gift trong bao tang, thu vien hay trong sach vd, ma d l cho cac gia tri van hoa dd duoc phat huy va cd cupc ddi thuc thi nd phai dupc song trong xa hdi duong dai nghTa la no phai duac luu gift trong ddi song cdng dong, trong chinh mdi tmdng da san sinh ra chiing Vi vay, van de tuyen tmyen, giao due cac gia tri van hda trayen thong cho chii the van hda phai duoc tien hanh hen tue, thudng xuyen va duoc dau tu dimg mftc d l cac chu the van hda hieu rang chinh cac gia In van hda trayen thong cua tdc ngudi lam nen sfte manh dan tdc, lao nen tam hon, cot each, ban ITnh va loi song ciia dan tdc, dong thdi dd cung la cot loi cua ban sac dan tdc, la co so d l tao ra su da dang van hda trong giao luu va hop tac quoc t l hien nay Chi khi chu nhan ciia nen van hoa do thuc su hieu ve gia di cua van hda tmyen thong, tu dd cd cd dach nhiem dong viec thara gia vao hoat ddng bao tdn vdi y thuc hp la chu nhan eiia di san van hda ay va cung nhd lam chu dupc van hda tmyen thong mdi thue hien tot viec giap luu - tilp bien van hda d l lam phong phu van hda cua tdc ngudi, thuc hien lot moi hen he hch sft, su k l thfta van hda gifta cac the he N l u chu nhan van hpa khong hilu bilt. khdng dan
NT.O-Loanetal/'No 13_Sep 2019]p,5-U trpng van hoa cua dan tdc minh thi hp d l b | cuon
theo van hoa hien dai va quay lung lai vdi van hoa trayin thong
2.2 2. Tiep luc pho hiin cdc gid In van hda Irong ddi sdng xd hpi bdng nhieu hinh Ihirc
Thong qua le hpi tmyen thpng; hpi cho. Festival, qua eac phong trao van nghe quan chiing, qua cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chung dai, bao, trayen hinh, sach, anh trong giao due va dao tao danh mot VI tri va thdi luong xirng dang cho viec giang day nhftng mon hoc ve hch sft dan tdc, v l gia tn van hda tmyen thong
2.2.3 Ke thiea diing ddn vdn hda Iruyin ihong cua ddn toe
Mdt thudc tinh eo ban eiia van hda dd la co kha nang tu chia se. hoc hdi, giap luu va anh hudng lan nhau gifta cac cdng dong Vi le dd, giao luu anh hudng van hoa tu xa xua da ddng vai trd la dpng luc phat tnen ciia van hoa Quoc gia nao dong kin choi tft giao luu van hoa thi tmdc sau cung bi suy thoai, lac hau, Vi vay, de dung hoa, tan dung duac thdi co toan cau hoa dong thdi vuot qua duoc thach thuc, tieu cue can phai bilt khai thac va phat huy cac gia tn van hoa tmyen thong tich cue nhu quan diem ciia Dang "ke thira cac gia tri trayin thong ciia dan tdc va tiep thu dnh hoa van hoa ctia loai ngudi" Tren co sd phat huy nhiing gia tn van hoa tmyen thong tich cue de tiep thu cac gia tn van hoa den tien ben ngoai lam cho su phat trien ben vftng
Mac dii khdng the phii nhan cac gia tn van hoa tmyen thong luon co tac ddng den eon ngudi va van hoa hien dai, no co y nghia to Ion vira la nguon song, nguon sang tao cua dan tdc Tuy nhien, khdng phai moi dnyin thong deu eo gia in tich eye phuc vu cho cong cuoc phat tnen Bdi vay can xac dinh the nao la gia tn tmyen thong tich cue va the nao la gia tri trayen thong tieu cue la van de quan trong Mdt so tap quan cua ngudi San Diu nhu tue le eudi xm, ma chay keo dai ngay lara ton hai den kmh te va sue khoe con ngudi, nhftng kieng k| mang tinh chat me tin di doan anh hudng den long tu tin cua cd nhan, nhftng quan niem "dong con la cd phuc" hay "trong nara khinh nft"
anh hudng den su phat tnen ciia xa hdi can phai duoc h!in che va loai bo Ben canh dd, can phdi tuyen tmyen tham chi la cd su dau tu cua Nha nudc khuyen khich ngudi dan raac trang phuc dTiyen thong, tai mdi lang, ban lam nha van hoa theo md hinh ngdi nha tmyIn thong vdi nhan thuc mdi v l trayin (hong van hoa trong moi lien he vdi hien tai va drong lai, can
kien quyet loai trft nhftng hu tuc tmyIn thong khdng phu hop vdi cudc spng hien tai Ben canh do cung tiln hanh mot each khoa hoc, hpp ly trong viec phat huy cac gia trj van hoa tmyIn thong tot dep, bien cac gia tri trayen thong tich cue thanh ddng luc de phuc vu phat tnen
2.2.4 Van hod iruyin Ihdng phai gop phdn phdl Inin kinh te - xa hoi ciia chinh cong dong nen vdn hod do
Van hoa khdng chi la dpng iuc eua su phal triln, la nhu cau eo ban ciia cude song con ngudi va nd ciing khdng chi la muc tieu ciia su phat Uien nhu la su hudng tdi hoan thien xa hdi, con ngudi, lara cho cuoc song ngay cang de chiu, sung tiic va hanh phiic han Ngoai vai trd la nen tang dnh than, la mue tieu va la ddng lire thuc day kinh t l - xa hpi phat tnen, thi can phai phat huy vai trd kinh te ciia van hoa de van hoa thanh nguon luc kinh te trong nen kinh t l thi tmdng hien nay, bdi le "cd thuc mdi vuc duoc dao", ndi mpt each khac "phai kinh doanh van hpa", van hoa muon gift vftng duac ban sac cua minh va muon phat huy ban sSc ay thi phai lam cho chu nhan cua nen van hoa ay thu duoc loi nhuan tft nin van hoa ciia minh thi mdi ben vung duac Trong thuc te, ngudi Dap, ngudi Mdng d Lao Cai, ngudi San Diu d Tara Dao da lam duoc dieu dd bang each duy tri, khdi phuc lai ngon ngft, trang phuc, nha cfta, tap quan trayin thong, dong thdi hoc tieng Anh de giao tilp duoc vdi khach nudc ngoai, thdng qua cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing quang cao van hoa tmyen thong gai su td md muon tim hilu eiia du khach vdi dac tnmg van hpa, tft dd, vfta tang thera thu nhap cua minh vfta gin gift va quang ba van hoa tdc ngudi Khi nhung san pham hang hoa duoe cpi la dang hang hoa dac biet se gdp phan tao ra cua cai cho xa hdi, cho chii nhan van hoa va van hoa cung nhd dd ma phat t n i n , tam pho biln duac rpng rai, anh hudng manh me hon
Tuy nhien, mdt dilu khdng the phii nhan dupc dd la da lara kinh te thi phai nghT den loi nhuan, viec dem cac san pham van hoa de kinh doanh, dem lai lot nhuan, tang thu nhap cho ngudi dan ciing la mdt ddng luc d l ngudi dan co y thirc bao ton van hoa, nhung su tinh toan dong kinh doanh van hoa cung phai dupe tuan theo mdt he gia tq nhat dinh Do dp, radt mat Nha nudc can phai cd nhftng quy dinh chung va nhftng hudng din cu the doi vdi tung loai hinh kinh doanh van hoa, mat khae eung rat can su dau tu, bap cap ciia Nha nude trong khi san phara van hoa dd chua sinh duoc idi
S.T.OLoanelal No D I chinh sach kinh te irong van hoa cd hieu qua can cd su thuc hien ddng bd nh3t quan nhicu giai phap, nhftng chinh sach phal tnen kinh te - xa hdi can dupc xay dung dua tren dac diera ve tu nhien, lich sft, kinh te, xa hpi va van hoa phu hop vdi tap quan, tam ly, thoi quen cua ehu thi van hoa va phai dupc thong qua y kien ciia ddng bao d l bo sung dieu chinh cho hoan thien, tranh thai do chu quan, duy >' chi, ap dat trong viec thuc hien cac chuong trinh kinh te xa hoi vdi dong bao dan tdc thilu so
2.2.5. Chit Irong muc lieu cdi then ddi song, xod doi gidm ngheo, lao dieu hen cho viic bdo Ion vd phdl huy cdc gid Iri van hod Iruyin thong
Kmh te va van hoa la 2 ITnh vuc wsa c6 trong nhau, long vao nhau va bo sung cho nhau. van hoa khdng chi la he qua cua kinh te ma kinli te cung la he qua ciia van hoa. Do dd, mudn bao tdn va phal huy cac gia tn van hoa tmyen thong cua cac tdc ngudi can cd chien luoc phat tnen kinh te. nang cao ddi song ciia nhan dan
3. Ket luan
Van hoa klidng dan Ihuan la nlian thuc, hilu biet ma la nhftng gia tn vat chat va tmh than mang linh bieu tnmg da thara sau vao tinli cara, hanh vi, tao nen thoi quen, loi song va nhan each cua con ngudi Doi vdi nudc ta hien nay, khi nhiem vu hdi nhap kmh te ngay cang manh me hon bao gid het thi van hoa cang phai duoc COI la mdt nhan id co ban. mdt tieu chi. mdi nguon luc noi sinh, quan trong nhat ciia phal tnen
Trong boi canh eong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa hien nay, mdt mat kinh t l thi traong cung vdi co sd vat chat va k)! thuat hien dai tao dieu kien thuan loi de van hoa phat d i l n , mat khac su thay doi nhanh chdng ve kinh t l xa hpi dong su chuyen minh sang hien dai hoa, giap luu tiep xuc vdi van hoa ngudi Kmh (Vict) va the gidi da lam cho van hoa d n y i n thdng ciia ngudi San Diu dang dftng dudc nguy co bi dftt doan vdi van hoa tmyen thong Xu hudng tac ddng chinh ciia hdi nhap la eac thanh to ciia van hoa vat chat (trang phue, nha d, an uong ), dac biet la nguy CP raat ngdn ngft cua ngudi San Diu Tft thuc dang van hoa ciia ngudi San Diu d khu vuc mien nui phia Bac cd the nhan thay moi raau ihuan gifta gin gift van hoa va phat tnen Dieu dd, dat ra van d l cap thilt la phai co nhftng giai phap cu thi cho su phat tnen van hoa duoc ben viing
Su phal tnen van hoa khdng don thuan ta su thay thi cai cu bang eai mdi raa su phat tnen van hoa la su
3_Sep2019|p5-n
phal dien raang linh chat tdng thi mdi dat duoe su ben vftng Vl mat so luong, su tang tmdng so luong ngudi tham gia vao ddi song van hoa ciing la bieu hien ctia su phat triln van hoa, suy eho cung cac gia di van hoa mu6n duoe duy tri, duac phat d i l n cung vi cd mdt s6 luang ddng dao nhan dan tham gia, Ben canh su tham gia cua so luong nhilu ngudi, mdt nen van hoa phat men con duoc danh gia v l mat chat luong, dd la viec giai quyet thoa dang cac moi quan he duyen thong vdi hien dai (hay noi each khac la gift duoe ban sic d3n loc trong qua trinh giao d i p va hien dai hoa), dd la su th5m sau cac gia tn van hoa vao ddi song xa hdi va loi song con ngudi, la su da dang hoa cac hinh thuc van luia xa hdi, su nang cao dinh do eon ngudi trong qua Uinh sang tao va thoa man cac nhu cau. Dk van hoa idc ngudi phal tnen bin vftng khdng chi chii trong phat huy vai tro van hoa trong mpi ITnh vuc ma cdn lam cho van hoa thuc su la ddng luc, ngudn Iuc cua qiia trinh phat trien kmh te, xa hdi phu hop vdi quy lual cua lich sii trong tftng hoan canh nhat dinh
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1 Du an VlE/01/021 "Hfl trp xay dung va thuc hien chucmg dinh nghi su 21 quoc gia ciia Viel Nam", Phdt Inen ben vimg - Ky yeu Hoi ngh todn quoc Idn ihit nhat, Bp K I hoach va Dau lu. Ha Ndi, 2004.
2 Nguyen Thi Que Loan, "Phal tnen ben vftng ngdn ngu cac toe ngudi thicu so d linh Thai Nguyen", Ky y l u Hoi thao quoc le Nghien ciru vd gidng day ngon ngU, van hoa ]'iel Nam- Trung Quoc & Dong A vd Ddng Nam .4, Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ndi, 2009, d 339- 346
3 Vuong Xuan Tinh, Tran H6ng Hanli (Chii bien), (2012), Phdl inin ben viing vdn hod loc ngudi Irong qud trinh hgi nhdp d viing Ddng Bdc. Nxb Khoa hoc xahdi,HaN6i
4 Phara Xuan Nam (Chu bien) (2005), Tnet Iy phat dien d Viet Nam - May van dl cot yeu, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hgi. Ha Npi
5 Uy ban Dan tpc (2006), Phal inin bin vimg vimg ddn loc Ihiu so vd miin nui Viel Nam, Nxb Van hda dan tdc. Ha Noi.
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Sustainable development of San Diu cultural ethnic in the northern mountainous region
Nguyen Thi Que Loan, Le Thi Thu Huong Article info A b s t r a c t
The Northern mountainous region of Vietnara currently has about 31 ethnic groups Recievea living Due to intermingling in a cultural-historical area, the ethnic groups have , economic, social, political, cultural communication , After Innovation (1986), the Accepted:
10/9/2019 integration of peoples happened strongly to promote the harmony, on the other hand, traditional culture changing is the reason to make many cultural values Keywords: which are eroded In the past few decades, the Party and the State have had San DIU, sustainable guidelines, policies, campaigns and projects to preserve and promote the cultural development, northern idendty of ethnic groups In order to join together with the measures that have mountainous region. ^^^^ ^.^j^^^^ ^^,^ conduct research in a specific ethnic group that is clearly culture, integration influenced on the process of industnalizadon and modernization, thus, proposing
suitable solutions for sustainable cultural development
