Vai tro cua cac t6 chuc xa hoi va nhung dinh huo-ng phat tri§n & Viet Nam Men nay
Cao Viet Thang'"'
Tom tat: Nhu mot nhu cdu khdch quan, cdc td ehire xd hdi tu nguyen a Viet Nam hien nay dang phdt trien ngdy cdng mgnh me. Thuc te ndy cung phdn dnh nhu cdu lien kit tu nhiin ciia xa hdi loai nguai Qud trinh phdt trien dd da gdp phdn khai day nhimg tiim ndng xd hpi mang din su gidi phdng ddi v&i mdi cd nhdn, dong gdp vdo sudn dinh vd phdt triin ddt nir&e. Tir phuang diin qudn ly nhd nuac, viic xdy dung nhirng ca che phdp ly him hieu nhdm dinh huang cho cde td chuc xd hdi phdt trien, giir virng su dn dinh xd hdi vd khai day dugc cdc tiim ndng de phdt triin Id nhu cdu cdn thiet.
Tir khoa: Td chirc xa hdi, Vai trd, Dinh hudng phat trien
Abstract: In Vietnam, voluntary social organizations have been growing increasingly, which reflects an objective fact and natural need for links in human society. This ongoing tendency has, to some degree, aroused social potentials and freed each individual which has also contributed to the stabilization and development of the country. From the perspective of state management, creation of effective legal mechanism is a necessity to orientate the development of social organizations, maintain social stability and evoke potentials for the development.
Keywords: Social organization, Role, Development Guidance
M d d a u
Nhu cau sinh sdng cdng ddng la mdt trong nhung ban nang cua loai ngudi. Bdi tir khi sinh ra, con ngudi da ngay lap tire ttd thanh thanh vien cua mdt td chirc dugc ggi la gia dinh. Trong qua trinh trudng thanh, con ngudi ciing timg bude tham gia sau hon vao cac td chiic xa hgi nhu trudng hgc, cac doan thd, cac cau lac bg van nghe, thd thao, cac td chiic xa hpi ty nguydn...
*"' ThS., Vien Nha nuac va Phap luat, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hoi Viet Nam;
Email: [email protected]
Dieu do cho thay day la nhu cau ty nhien va chinh dang cua con ngudi. Viec tham gia vao cac td chirc xa hdi mdt mat lam cho con ngudi thda man cae nhu cau tu nhien, nhung mat khac ciing chinh la noi de hg cd thd phat huy dugc nhiing tiem nang dang an chira trong mdi ca nhan thdng qua cac boat ddng ciia cac td chiic xa hdi. Ndi each khac, cac td chiic xa hdi ngoai vai trd c6 thd thda man cac nhu eau ca nhan con la noi giai phdng cac tiem nang cua con ngudi.
L T 6 chiic xa hgi
Trong trang thai tu nhien, con ngudi khdng phai chiu bit cii mgt rang bugc nao
46 Thong Hn Khoa hoc xa hdi. sd 1.2020 va hg cd the lam bat cii nhiing gi minh
mudn. Nhung khi da tham gia vao ddi song cdng ddng thi viec gidi han mdt sd ty do ddi vdi ca nhan la yeu cau bat huge. Sy gidi ban do dugc duy tri tten co sd cac khe udc (phap luat) ma cac cdng ddng, qude gia xay dyng va thdng qua.
Ngugc vdi qua trinh tham gia bat bude vdi tu each la thanh vidn eua mdt cdng ddng, nha nudc, mdi thanh vidn khi tham gia vao khd ude phai tir bd mpt phan ty do ty nhien nham dam bao ty do ciia ngudi nay khdng lam anh hudng ddn ty do cua ngudi khae.
Nhiing co chg hgp tac ty nguyen, phi lgi nhuan da dem den su giai phdng cho mdi ca nhan trong xa hgi loai ngudi. Day chinh la nai con ngudi tim ddn vdi nhau nham thda man cae nhu eau xa hgi ttong cac td chiic xa hdi ty nguyen phi quan phuang. Vdi tinh each nhu vay, cac td chiie xa hdi ty nguyen ro rang dang thye hien chiic nang lien ket ty nhien va dem den sy can bang cho con ngudi. Cac td chirc xa hdi ty nguyen dem ddn sy bd sung can thiet nham khac phuc nhiing khidm khuyet ma nha nudc va thi trudng tao ra. Bdi ddi vdi nha nude, vdi sy rang bugc cua eac thiet che quan phuang vdi nhiing quy dinh chat che vg quyen va nghia vu khien cho cac hanh vi ciia con ngudi ludn cd xu hudng bi kim nen bdi cac thiet che phap ly. Thi trudng, noi con ngudi cd the tim kiem dugc cac co hdi gia tri thdng qua chuc nang trao ddi ciia nd, lai ludn ddi hdi mdi ea nhan phai dua ra nhiing phep tinh pbii hgp.
Ngugc lai, khi tham gia vao cac td chiic xa hdi, cac ca nhan se cam thay dugc tu do hem khi hp khdng bi rang buoc bdi cac yeu td quan phuong, do cac td ehiic xa hdi khdng cd tham quydn ban hanh phap luat. Ddng thdi, cac ca nhan ciing khdng phai cd gang dua ra nhung phep tinh hgp
ly de tranh nhirng thiet hai do sai lam nhu d ttdn thi trudng. Vi vay, viec cac ca nhan trong cac td ehiic xa hgi cd dugc sy thda man nhu cau vat ehit tir eac td chitc nay eiing khac vdi sy thda man cd dugc tten thi trudng, do la sy thda man vat chat phi vu lgi. Ddi vdi cae td ehire xa hdi, su thda man cac nhu eau vat ehat ttong cac td chtic nay khdng phai la yeu to quyet dinh de ca nhan lya chgn tham gia vao td chiic do, ma nd chi la su tuong hd giua eac thanh vidn. Vdi nhiing uu digm ve tu do, ty nguyen va thda man vat chat phi vu lgi vira neu, cac td chiic xa hgi chinh la noi bd khuyet can thiet cho nhiing ban che eiia nha nude va thi trudng. Dieu dd eho thay viec khuyen khich cac ca nhan tham gia vao cac td chuc xa hgi ty nguyen se dem den sy giai phdng ddi vdi eon ngudi ve nhieu phuang dien, ca ve vat chat va tinh than.
O day can nhan manh rang, cac td chiic xa hdi ty nguyen khdng bao ham cac td ehiic ehinh tri, td chirc chinh tri - xa hdi.
Theo quy dinh ciia Hien phap hien hanh:
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam dugc dinh danh la td ehiic chinh tri'; Mat ttan Td qude Viet Nam va 5 td chirc thanh vien gdm Cdng doan Viet Nam, Doan Thanh nien Cgng san Hd Chi Minh, Hgi Lien hiep Phu nil Viet Nam, Hgi Cuu chien binh Viet Nam, Hpi Ndng dan Viet Nam duge ghi nhan la cac td ehiic chinh tri - xa hdi=. Cac td ehire nay khdng dugc coi la td chiic xa hgi vi cd ehiic nang ehinh tri va khdng duge thanh lap ty nguyen bdi cac ea nhan. Td chirc xa hdi duge hidu la cac td chiic do cac ca nhan ty nguygn thanh lap va khdng cd chuc nang chinh tri.
' Dieu 4, Hien phap nam 2013.
- Dieu 9, Hien phap nam 2013.
Vai h-d eija...
47 2. Quyen thanh lap, tham gia vao cac td
chuc xa h^i va nhung dong gop, thach thuc ve phat trign cac t6 chiic xa hgi d Viet Nam hiSn nay
2.1. Quyin thdnh lap vd tham gia cdc td chuc xa hdi cua cd nhdn
Hien cd hai ly thuyet vd quydn dang dugc thira nhan: "Thuyit thic nhdt, dugc gpi Id thuyet y nguyin, cho r i n g : khi tdi c6 quyen lam didu gi, thi didu thue su dugc bao ve la sy lya chgn cua tdi r i n g c6 nen lam hay khdng. Nd nhan manh ddn sy tu do dat d u g c y nguyen eua tdi.
Thuyet thu hai, dugc goi Id thuyet lgi ich, khang dinh muc dich cua quygn la bao ve, khdng phai su lua chgn ca nhan cua tdi, ma la mdt sd nhiing lgi ich nao do ciia tdi.
Nd thudng d u g c coi la mdt giai thich tdt b a n ve viec cd mdt quyen la gi" (Wacks, 2011: 102).
N h u vay vd ly thuygt, ngu tigp can tir gdc do cac quygn cua ca nhan, cd the thay, mdt sd lgi ieh ndo dd eua cd nhdn mudn dat d u g c thi phai dugc sy thira nhan, tdn trpng ciia cgng ddng (dai dien la nha nudc). Tuy nhien, d pham vi phd quat nhat, cac ca nhan cung phai ddi hdi nhirng yeu cau tdi thidu ddi vdi nha nudc nhu: quydn dugc sdng, quydn tu do y chi, quydn dugc bao ve siic khde va tai san, quygn ty do cu tni, quygn tu do hdi hgp...
Vi vay, khi ca nhan trd thanh thanh vien cua mdt nha nudc (cdng dan), hg ehi phai tir bd mdt phan ty do ty nhien d^ gdp vao trat ty chung cua nha n u d c , chii khdng phai tir bd toan bg tu do ty nhien de tham gia vao mdi quan he vdi nha nudc. Tir phuang dien tu do ca nhan cd the thay, nhiing pham vi ty do ma phap luat khdng c i m thugc ve mdi ca nhan, vi vay nha n u d c phai tdn trgng dd mdi ca nhan cd the lam nhiing gi hg mudn.
Viec tham gia vao cac td chiic xa hdi ttr nguyen la pham vi tu do chinh dang ciia ca nhan, nd vira thd hien quyen ty do y chi nhung ddng thdi ciing thd hien quyen tu do hdi hpp. Vi vay, vdi vai ttd eiia minh, nha nude nen tao didu kien dd ca nhan cd the thda man cac nhu ciu ehinh dang nay. Tuy nhien, trong mdt so ttudng hgp can thiet ban chd quydn nay, nha nudc cin mmh dinh cae quygn hgp phap dd bing nhiing hanh lang phap ly phii hgp - la luat chir khdng phai eac van ban dudi luat. Dieu dd se giiip cac td chuc xa hdi cd dinh hudng phat trign theo hudng tich cue de ddng gdp cho sy phat tridn ciia dat nude.
Trudc khi trd thanh thanh vign eiia bit cii td chiic xa hdi ty nguyen nao, mgi ca nhan deu la cdng dan ciia mdt nha nudc nhat dinh. Vi vay, cac quyen va nghTa vu cdng dan ehinh la nhiing ea sd phap ly rang bugc hanh vi ca nhan khi tham gia vao cac hoat dgng trong eac td chue xa hdi. Didu dd eung cd nghia la viec ca nhan tham gia vao cac td chiie xa hdi ma gay tdn hai cho nha nudc thi ca nhan da phai chiu ttach nhiem vdi tu each cdng dan cua nha nudc. Tir khia canh quyen ty do cua ca nhan, viec tao dieu kien phat trien cae td chirc xa hdi la mdt phuong thue bao dam ciia nha nude ddi vdi cac quydn ca nhan.
2.2. Nhimg ddng gdp tich cue cua cdc to chirc xd hdi & Viet Nam
Tir gdc dp gia tri, c6 thd thiy to chiic xa hdi ty nguyen ehinh !a mdt loai vdn xa hdi.
Didu nay chiing minh rang, thdi gian qua d Viet Nam vdi su tham gia cua td chiic xa hdi tu nguyen, nhidu cdng viec ciia xa hdi (ma Nha nudc chua thd quan tam hdt hoac chua du nguon luc dd thyc hien) da dugc giai quydt bing cac ngudn luc ciia td chiic nay, nhu: cac boat ddng nhan dao, ciiu trg
Thdng Hn Khoa hoc xa hdi. sd 1.2020 xahdi, khac phuc thidn tai...'. Nhiing ddng
gdp do da phan nao chiing minh nhiing tidm nang, vdn xa hdi ciia cac td chiic xa hpi dem lai cho cdng ddng khi ma Nha nudc chua cd dieu kien thue hien.
Khi tham gia vao cac td chuc xa hdi, ngoai nhiing mdi quan tam chung ve tieu chi eiia td chuc, thi mdi thanh vien eiia td chiic cdn e6 dieu kien phat huy tinh than tucmg hd trong pham vi td chirc. Nd the hien d cae lign kgt tu nhien nhu su quan tam, trg giup lan nhau trong hoat ddng thudng nhat ciing nhu trong eac tinh hudng bat thudng.
Nhirng lidn kgt ty nguyen nay da ddng vai ttd quan ttpng trong vide giam tai cho Nha nudc khi thyc hien cac chiic nang xa hdi nhu: an sinh xa hdi, cim ttg xa hdi, trg giiip xa hdi... Nhiing su tuong hd do ddng thdi ciing gdp phan lam giam su phan hda xa hpi thdng qua qua trinh tuong hd giiia cac thanh vidn ciia td chue.
Trong mpt sd trucmg hgp, vdi dia vi cua minh, Nha nudc khdng the tham gia tryc tidp vdi tu each la mdt chii thd hgp phap trong viec giai quyet cac mau thuan xa hdi. Do do, cac td chiic xa hdi se la nhiing chii the hgp ly ganh vac sii menh dieu hda xa hdi.
Q nhirng phuong dien nhat dinh, td chirc xa hdi cdn gdp phan quan trpng vao phan bien va giam sat xa hgi, gdp phan xay dyng mdt nha nudc cdng bang, hieu qua.
Tir gdc do hdi nhap va phat trien, Nha nudc dam bao hanh lang phap ly cho su phat trien eua td chirc xa hdi se giiip khoi day cac
' Mot so to chuc xa hpi da tham gia xay nhung cay cau tir thien nhu: Tue tam VH, Quy tu thien Ngucri dam cho di ciia IM Group. Chuong trinh xay dung nha tinh nghTa cung da dugc Quy tir thien HTBC Foundation thuc hien. Ben canh do, nhieu chuang trinh Xuan yeu thuong da duoc cac to chirc xa hpi thuc hien.
tiem nang xa hdi. Xa hdi mudn phat trien mdt each manh me va hdi nhap tdt hon, Nha nudc can bao dam va phat huy cac quyen tu do ea nhan. Cac kinb nghiem ttong boat ddng cua cac td ehire xa hdi (nhu cac kinh nghiem quan ly td chiie xa hdi, kmh nghiem ve td ehire, tham gia eae hoat ddng xa hdi...) cd the se dugc cac ea nhan phat huy tdt ttong cac boat ddng cdng ddng ndi chung.
2.3. Mot sd thdch thire trong thuc day phdt trien cdc td chiec xd hpi
Thue td eho thay, tten pham vi the gidi cung cd kha nhieu van de phirc tap nay sinh do cac td chiic xa hdi ty nguyen dem lai.
Day ciing la ly do mdt sd nha nudc kha de dat ddi vdi sy phat trien eiia cae td chiic xa hdi va doi khi hg eiing khdng mong mudn phat tridn manh cac td chirc nay. Ve mat ly thuyet, ro rang cac td chiic xa hdi tu nguyen khdng phai la noi thyc hien cac hoat ddng mang tinh quyen luc. Nhung thye tg ban than eac td ehire xa hpi ty nguyen van ham chiia ttong minh mdt sd quyen lyc nhat dinh bdi cac quyen ca nhan cua eac thanh vien. Tuy nhien, cac quyen nang chinh tri nay ehi mang tinh ttr phat, va do khdng cd chii dich ihuc hien cac boat dgng chinh tri nen cac quyen lue ma cae td ehiic xa hdi ed dugc cung khd cd the dem ddn nhiing riii ro cho nha nudc.
Dieu nay thg hien d nhung ndi dung sau:
- Thii nhat, cac td chirc xa hdi ty nguyen thuimg dugc hinh thanh mang tinh tu phat bdi cac nhu cau va sang kien ciia cac ca nhan, do do nd khac han vdi cac td chiic mang tinh ehinh tri cd chii trucmg, dudng Idi, cuong linh ehinh tri rd rang va cd td chiic chat che (neu cd thi nd khdng cdn la td chiic xa hgi va khdng dugc cac co quan quan ly nha nudc thira nhan). Do dd, cac td chirc xa hdi ty nguyen rat de bi tdn thuong va khd cd co hdi gay tac ddng vao trat tu xa hdi ttong mdt nha nude dn dinh;
Vai h-d eiia..
49 - Thii hai, viec khdng rang bude cac
thanh vien b i t bude phai tir bd cac ty do ca nhan de gdp vao ttat tu chung ttong td chuc xa hdi ty nguyen ciing noi ngn su ban chg cua cac hoat dgng quydn lyc trong cac td chiic xa hgi ty nguyen va khd ed thg anh hudng tdi ttat tu xa hgi;
- Thii ba, su van dgng cua quydn luc ttong td chiic xa hgi ty nguyen do tu phat va khdng cd muc dich chinh tri ndn eiing khd cd the tae dgng tdi trat ty xa hdi.
Nhung thue te cho thiy, do cac td ehiic xa hgi khdng phai la td chiic duge thanh lap bdi cac muc dich chinh tri va khdi thuy cung khdng dugc trang bi eae kien thitc vd chinh tri nen chinh la nhiing ddi tugng de bj tac ddng va loi keo vao eac boat ddng chinh tri. Viec tham gia ciia cac td chiic xa hgi vao cac cudc each mang mau tren thd gidi thdi gian qua la nhirng vi du dien hinh (Thanh Tam, 2014). Day chinh la nhiing van de gay nen su quan ngai tir phia nha n u d c ddi vdi cac td chirc xa hdi. Tuy nhien, trong trudng hgp nay ehiing ta phai xem xet tir ca phuang dien nha nudc va phuong dien cac td chiic xa hdi. Tir phuong dien nha nudc, cd the thay viec thieu nhiing co che phap ly huu hieu de nha nude ed thd quan ly cac td chirc xa hdi se gay ndn nhiing nii ro neu trgn. Dung tir p h u a n g dien cac td chirc xa hdi, trong trudng hgp nay ro rang cac td chiic xa hdi da bi cac chii the boat dgng vi muc dich chinh tri lgi dung dd thyc hien ke hoach cua hg. Day ciing la nhiing nii ro can phai tinh den ddi vdi cac td chiic xa hdi. Tuy nhidn, nhung nii ro nay hoan toan cd the loai bd khi xet tdi tu each cdng dan ciia cac thanh vign ciia td chirc xa hgi. Trudc khi trd thanh vien ciia cac td chiic xa hdi, cae ca nhan deu da la cdng dan trong cac nha nudc. Do do, hg phai chiu trach nhiem
phap ly ddi vdi nhiing hanh vi vi pham phap luat ndu xay ra tten thye td.
Tir nhung danh gia tten, cd thd thiy mac du cac td chiic xa hdi tu nguygn cung cd nhiing ban chd nhit dinh nhung eac mat tich cue ro rang dugc danh gia cao hon nhiing han che. Ddng thdi khi tidp can dudi goc dp cae quydn ciia ca nhan edng dan thi day cung la nhung pham vi quygn chinh dang khi ma chiing ta ehua ed Iy do thuygt phuc de han chg quygn nay. Vi vay, vai trd cua Nha nudc ta ddi vdi td ehiic xa hdi ty nguyen trong trudng hgp nay la: Nha nudc can tao dyng nhirng khdng gian cho td chiic xa hdi ty nguyen phat tridn, dieu nay phu hgp vdi tinh than cua mdt nha nudc phap quyen, kien tao nham dam bao cac quydn ty do, dan chu cho nhan dan.
3. Ve dinh hudng phat trien cac to chirc xa hgi 0" Viet Nam hien nay
Nhu da trinh bay, td chiic xa hdi ty nguyen la noi khoi day cac tiem nang xa hdi, vi vay Nha nudc can khuydn khieh tao dieu kien dg cac td chiic nay phat ttien, ddng gdp nhieu hon eho sy phat trien cua dat nudc. Tuy nhien, nhin tir phuang dien nha nudc phap quyen, viec thigu vang nhirng quy dinh cua lugt dieu chinh ve td chuc xa hdi da va dang dat ra nhu cau cap thiet trong viec tiep can eac quyen ty do cua nhan dan. Cu tbd, can cd mdt dao luat hgp hidn didu ehinh ve td ehiic va boat ddng eua cac td chuc xa hpi ty nguyen nham dap ung nhu ciu ciia nhan dan khi Hidn phap ygu cau: O nu&c Cong hda xd hpi chu nghia Viet Nam, cdc quyen eon ngir&i, quyen cdng ddn dugc cdng nhdn, tdn trpng, bdo ve, bdo ddm theo Hiin phdp vd lugt\ Vi thyc tg d nudc ta, Hidn phap klidng c6 hieu luc tryc tidp dd didu chinh cac quyen nay mac dii 'Khoan l,Diiu 14, HiSn phap nam 2013.
Thdng fin Khoa hgc xa hdi. sd 1.2020 cac quyen nay da dugc quy dinh kha day du
ttong Hien phap'.
Hien nay, tren phuang dien phap ly, chimg ta mdi cd Nghi dinh sd 45/2010/
ND-CP ngay 21/4/2010 cua Chinh phii Quy dinh vi td chue. hogt ddng vd qudn ly hdi. Thye te la, nhidu van de quy dinh trong nghi dinh nay chua dara bao nhiing can cu khoa hpc trong ly thuyet lap phap va chua dap img dugc nhu cau ciia xa hdi. Cu the, cac quy dinh kha ciing nhac, rudm ra ve thii tuc thanh lap eac hdi, trinh ty thanh lap, quy dinh ve ly lich tu phap ciia nhirng ngudi dung dau ban van dpng thanh lap eac hdi, sd lugng ciia ban van ddng thanh lap hdi, sd lugng hdi vien (tir Dieu 5 den Didu 14)... Hay, vi du quy djnh: Mudn thdnh lap hpi, nhirng ngu&i sdng lap phdi thdnh lap ban van ddng thdnh lap hdi. Ban van dpng thdnh lap hdi dugc ca quan qudn ly nhd nu&c ve ngdnh, linh vuc chinh md hdi du kiin hogt ddng cdng nhdn-. Viec cd hay khdng cdng nhan tu each eiia nhiing ngudi thupc ban thanh lap hdi la co sd thira nhan hay khdng thira nhan hdi. Quy dinh nay ttai han tu tudng cua Hien phap la: cdc quyen con nguai, quyen cdng ddn dugc cong nhgn, tdn trpng d trdn, vi vay nen ehang can quy dinh: Neu khdng cd ly do chinh ddng di tic chdi ban sdng lap hdi thi ca quan qudn ly nhd nu&c cu the phdi thica nhgn tu cdch cua ban van ddng thdnh lap hdi... Quy dinh nhu vay mdi phu hgp vdi tinh than tu do trong Hien phap: Cdng ddn cd quyin tu do ngdn ludn, tu do bdo chi, tiip can thdng tin, hdi hpp, lap hdi^... 0 day chiing ta thay van ban phap iy nay dugc ban hanh nham muc
' Dieu 25 Hien phap nam 2013.
^ Khoan 1, Di^u 6 Nghi dinh s5 45/2010/ND-CP ngay 21/4/2010 cua Chinh phit.
' Dieu 25 Hien phap nam 2013.
dich quan ly thuan tien ddi vdi eac td chirc xa hdi ma bo ngd ndi dung het sire quan ttgng do la bao dam quyen con ngudi, bao ve quydn ty do ciia ca nhan. Viec phap luat khdng dinh danh mdt co quan quan ly nha nudc cu the la dau mdi ttong quan ly ddi vdi cac td chiic xa hdi tu nguyen ma ghi nhan mdt each ehung chung ciing da chimg minh cho nhan dinh ttdn.
Trgn thyc te, nhieu trudng hgp cac co quan quan Iy nha nudc neu khdng mong mudn su ra ddi eua td ehiie xa hdi nao do thi se day trach nhiem sang co quan khac dya ttdn cac quy dinh thieu ro rang nhu tren khien cho hdi do khdng the thanh lap duge la didu het siic binh thudng. Vi vay, viec dinh danh mdt co quan quan ly nha nudc lam dau mdi khdng cd nghia rang co quan dd cd chiic nang tham dinh toan bg nhiing ndi dung cua toan bd cac hgi tten dia ban ciia minh. Co quan nay la dau mdi de thuc hien tham quyen quan ly nha nudc.
Vdi tinh than ciia mdt nha nude phuc vy, hp can phai la co quan ty tham van vg chuyen mdn ddi vdi co quan quan ly nha nudc khac ve nganh, linh vuc ma ngudi dan yeu cau.
Viee day trach nhiem nay cho eae td chuc xa hdi ty nguyen ro rang la viec day nhiing khd khan cho nhan dan va eae td ehiic xa hdi. Vi vay, quy dinh phap ly chung chung dang tdn tai nay la trai vdi tinh than ciia Nhd nu&c phdp quyin xd hdi chu nghia cua Nhdn ddn, do Nhdn ddn, vi Nhdn ddn''.
Su chdng cheo cua cac co quan quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi td chirc va boat ddng ciia cac td chirc xa hdi the hien d viec cd qua nhieu co quan cd chiic nang quan ly viee thanh lap hdi nhu: Bd Ndi vu, sd Ndi vu, phdng Ndi vu, UBND cip tinh, UBND cap huyen va eac co quan quan ly nha nudc
•* Khoan 1, Dieu 2 Hien phap nam 2013.
Vai h-d eiia.. 51 ttong Imh vuc hoat ddng ciia hdi... Didu nay
ciing gay nhiing ttd ngai rit Idn trong qua trinh thanh lap hdi doi vdi cac to chirc xa hdi lu nguyen. Tir phuang didn quan ly nha nude cd thd thay rang, cac chu thd quan ly ludn mong mudn ed dugc nhirng quy pham CO lgi de de dang thyc hien chuc nang quan ly cua minh. Tuy nhien, d chidu ngugc lai, ro rang didu do da ban che viec bao dam cac quygn con ngudi va ty do cua ea nhan tir phia cac co quan nha nudc. Vi vay nen quy dinh ttong luat mdt each ey tbd cac quyen va nghia vy eua cac td chuc xa hdi ciing nhu quy dinh mdt dau mdi cu the cd chiic nang quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi cac td chirc nay ma han chd sy chdng cheo nhu tren.
Vd tham quyen van ban, thuc tign hien nay d nudc ta, cac quy dinh trong Nghi dinh sd 45/2010/ND-CP ngay 21/4/2010 ciia Chinh phii dang gay nhidu ttanh cai, nhu ve tham quyen ban hanh, cac ndi dung quy dinh cu thd... lien quan ddn td chiic, hoat ddng va quan ly hdi. Day la van dd lien quan den quyen con ngudi, quyen va nghia vu ciia cdng dan phai dugc ban hanh bdi mdt luat va thugc tham quyen ciia Qudc hgi'. Trong mgt nha nude phap quydn dan chii, mpi quydn luc deu thupc vd nhan dan.
Chinh vi vay, nhan dan chi c6 thd iiy quyen lap phdp ve nhiing vdn de Hin quan den quyin, nghia vu cua hp cho Qudc hdi cua minh va quydn nay khdng the uy quyen lai.
Nghia la, vdi tu each la chii the. diy dii cua quydn luc nha nudc, nhan dan la chu the cd dil tu each nhit doi vdi quydn luc cua hp. Cac CO quan dai didn do nhan dan bau
ra dugc coi la co quan dugc dan chimg uy quydn thyc hien nhiem vu duy tri va bao ve quyen lyc nhan dan. Viec Quoc hpi uy quyen cho cac eo quan khac hay cac co quan khac lam thay Qudc hdi dd ban hanh nhirng van ban phap ly lien quan ddn quygn con ngudi, quyen cdng dan la ttai vdi quy dinh cua Hien phap va vi pham cac nguyen tae CO ban eiia Nha nudc phap quydn.
Vg nguyen tac, theo quy dinh ciia Hidn phap hien hanh, ro rang nhan dan chi ity quyen cho timg co quan chuygn biet nhiing chuc nang va quygn ban nhat dinh dd thuc hien nhiem vu dieu hanh dat nude. Cho nen, se la bat hgp ly neu chiic nang cua eo quan nay lai bi chuyen giao cho co quan khac ma khdng CO ly do chinh dang hay khdng dugc sy ddng thuan ciia nhan dan. Viec co quan lap phap khdng thye hien nhiem vy cua minh ma lai chuyen giao cho co quan hanh phap hay bat ky mgt co quan nao khac se la khdng chinh dang. Dac biet day la nhiing van de lien quan tryc tiep dgn quyen Igi cua nhan dan (ma pham vi quyen nay da dugc ghi rd la chi cd thd dugc dieu chinh bang Hidn phap va \uatf. Vi vay, vdi viec ban hanh cac van ban quy pham phap luat lign quan true tigp ddn quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan thi cae ca chd uy quyen lai ttong lap phap se bi coi la vd hieu. Thye tg chinh Hidn phap da dinh danh cu the eac van ban cd thim quydn didu chinh van dd nay chi cd thd la Hidn phap va luat'.
(xem tiep trang 59)
' Nghi dinh s6 s6 45/2010/ND-CP ngay 21/4/2010 ciia Chinh phii quy dinh ve to chirc, hoat dong va quan ly hpi va Nghi dmh dinh s6 88/2003/ND-CP ngay 30/7/2003 cua Chinh phu quy dinh ve to chiic, hoat dpng va quan ly hpi.
^Klioan 1, Diau 14, Hi^n phap nam 2013.
' Di6u 14 Hiin phap nam 2013 quy dinh. 6 nuac Cpng hoa xa hpi chu nghia Viet Nam, cac quyen con nguoi, quySn cong dan v6 chinh tri, dan su, kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi dupc cong nhan, ton trong, bao ve, bao dam theo Hi§n phap va phap luat.
59 Ky yeu Hdi thao Thai hpc Ian thii III,
Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin. Ha Ndi.
4. ChuongtiinhThaihgcVietNam(2006), Ddng gdp cua cdc ddn tde nhdm ngdn ngir Tdy - Thdi trong tiin trinh lich su Viet Nam, Ky yeu Hgi nghi Thai hpc Viet Nam lan thii IV, Cao Bang, Nxb.
Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ngi, Ha Ndi.
5. Chuong trinh Thai hgc Viet Nam (2009), Dia danh vd nhiing vdn di lich su - vdn hda cua cdc ddn tdc nhdm ngdn ngir Tdy - Thdi Viet Nam, Ky yeu Hdi nghi Thai hgc Viet Nam lan thu" V, Dien Bien, Nxb. The gidi. Ha Ngi.
6. Chuong ttinh Thai hgc Viet Nam (2012), Cdng ddng cde tpc nguai ngir
hi Thai - Kadai a Viet Nam: Truyin thdng, hpi nhdp vd phdt trien, Ky yeu Hgi nghi Thai hpc Viet Nam lin thu VI, Thanh Hda, Nxb. Thd gidi. Ha Ndi.
7. Chuang trinh Thai hge Viet Nam (2015), Cpng dong Thdi - Kadai Viet Nam: Nhirng vdn di phdt triin ben virng, Ky yeu Hdi nghi qude gia Thai hge Viet Nam lin thir VII, Lai Chau, Nxb. The gidi, Ha Npi.
8. Chuang trinh Thai hgc VietNam (2017), Phdt huy vai trd, bdn sdc cdng ddng cdc ddn tdc Thdi - Kadai trong hdi nhdp vd phdt triin bin vihig, Ky ygu Hpi nghi qudc gia Thai hgc lan thii VIII, Nghe An, Nxb. The gidi. Ha Ngi.
(tiep theo trang 51) Thay loi k i t
Viec nha nudc dinh hudng va bao dam sy phat tiidn ciia td chiie xa hdi ttr nguyen la dap ling nhu cau cua ddi sdng xa hdi. Mdt mat, nd bao dam cac nhu cau chinh dang eiia nhan dan, mat khae, viec dinh hudng nhiing khdng gian phii hgp tii phia nha nudc de td chuc xa hdi ty nguydn phat trien se khai thac cac tidm nang ciia td chuc nay va han che nhiing nii ro ma nd cd the mang lai. Chinh vi vay, vide de ra ehinh sach va xay dyng luat didu chinh hieu qua ddi vdi cac to ehiic xa hdi d nudc ta hien nay la mgt trong nhiing v i n dd can dugc quan tam diing miic Q
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Hien phdp nu&c Cdng hda xd hdi chU nghia Viet Nam ndm 2013, https://
thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/bo-may- hanh-ehinh/Hien-phap-nam-2013-215 627.aspx
2. Thanh Tam (2014), Biin ddng&BacPhi - Trung Ddng vd cde cudc "cdch mgng mdu" cd tuang ddng?, http://antg.cand.
com.vn/Ho-so-mat/Bien-dong-o-Bac- Phi—Trung-Dong-va-cac-cuoc-cach- mang-mau-co-tuong-dong-307841/
3. Wacks, Raymond (2011), rrze'//ipc/«a/
phdp, Pham Kigu Tiing djch, Nxb. Tri thuc. Ha Ndi.