I DANH CHO NHA NGHIEN CUU TRE
QUAN NIEM VECNU QUYEN CUAIRUN6QUOC
THS. NGUY§N D A N G LAN ANH Viin Nghien cUu Trung Qudc
L Md DXU
Chu quyln Ifi mfit trong nhflng nguyin tfic cd ban t h i l t lfip n l n mdng cho n l n chinh tri quoc t l hien d^i. Cho d i n nay Trung QuSc khfing ehi Ifi mfit trong sd qudc gia bao v l m a n h me nhfi't cho nguyin t i c ton trpng chu quyln, mfi con coi dfiy lfi mfit nguyen tfic ed b a n ehi dao tofin bfi cfic bo^t dong dfii ngoai eua minh. Cfiu hdi dfit ra lfi b l u chu q u y l n mfi T n m g Qudc dang ed gfing bao vfi co phai chi hfim S' v l quyen tfii phan trong p h a m vi Ifinh thd Trung Quoc bay khdng?
Bfii v i l t cho r a n g trfldc khi t i l p nhfin quan nifim chu quyln xuS^t phfit tfl chfiu Au, trong lich sfl Trung Qudc da efi mfit quan nifim r i l n g v l chu quyln ton tai dfldi dang sfl ba chu cua d l c h i Trung Hoa vdi cac nflde ehfl hfiu. Sau mfit t h i ky va ch?im vdi cfic cfldng qudc phfldng Tay, d l bao vfi chinh minh, Trung Quoc dfi bufic phai tr3 thfinh mfit phfin trong hfi thdng qudc gia- dfin tfie, chfi'p nhfin each t i l p cfin chu quj-ln cua chfiu Au. Vfi chinh sd hda trfin giiia bai c u a n nifim nfiy cung vdi nhiJng kinh nghilm "khfing mfiy d l chiu" trong HGHlENCIJWTRUMGOUfiCsd3(127)-2012
khi tilp xflc vdi cfic cfldng qude khfie dfi tao nen mfit ^ nifim v l chu quyln rieng cua T n m g Qude bien dai.
Trflde b i t bai viet trinh bfiy ngfin gpn v l khai nilm chu quyln trong lufit phfip vfi quan h i qufi'c te 3 phfin II dfldi dfiy.
Phfin n i danh d l tim h i l u chu quyln trong t i l n trinh lich sfl cua Trung Qudc, vfi nhiing nfii dung chinh trong y nilm v l chu quyln cua Trung Quoc.
n, CHC QUY^N TRONG QUAN Hi: vA LU^TPHAPQUdCTJ^
Quan n i l m v l chu quyln trong lufit phfip qufic te dflde cho la bat nguon tfl Hifip flde Westphaba 1^ gifla Hofing d l cua D l c h i thfin thanh Roman vdi Vua nflde Phfip vfi cfic nfldc dong minh vfio nfim 1648, theo dd Hofing di Roman chuyin giao mfit sd quyen ciia De' e h i cho cfic v\
vua. Dfin dfin, nhiing thda thufin nfiy da phfit t r i l n thfinh f n i l m v l quyln lyc tuyfit dfii cua mot qudc gia, dfing thdi t^o r a nhflng n l n tang phap ly cho sfl doc Ifip v l chu quyln doi vdi qudc gia-dfin tfic Chfiu Au. Chu quyln ed y nghia rfit Idn d&
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NGUYEN D A N G LAN ANH
vdi sy ton t^i ciia thi^e t h i qufic gia-dfin tfie*". Nfi'i bfit trong cfic dfie trflng cua mfit qudc gia-dfin tfic lfi cd mfit lanh t h i xfic dinh v l mfit dia 1^, mfi 6 dd qudc gia thyc thi quyln tfii phfin cua minh; vfi qufic gia- dfin tfic cd ehu quyln trong pham vi Ifinh thd dd, tflc lfi cd quyln tfii phfin dfie lfip khfing cd sy can dy eua cfic qufic gia-dfin tfic hofic thyc t h i b i n ngofii.
VI cd ban, ehu quyln Ifi quyln tfii cao cua mfit qudc gia tbi^tc thi quyln tfii phfin doi vdi dfin cfl vfi cfic vfin d l trong pham vi lanh thd khfing cd sfl can thifip tfl b i n ngofii, efie qudc gia dfl ldn bay nhd, cd c b l dfi chfnh tri khfie nhau d i u binh d^ng v l mfit chu quyln. Cflng vdi sfl xufi't hifin eua hfi thing cfic qufic gia - dfin tfic hifin dai, chu quyln dfi trd thanh mfit nguyin tfic cd ban trong n l n chfnh tri qufic tl'^^, vfi Ifi mfit khfii nilm cdt loi cua lufit phfip qudc t l .
m . QUAN DI^M C C A T R U N G Q U d c v f CHUQUY^N
1. C h u q u y l n t r o n g t i l n trinh Ijch sur T r u n g Qudc
Theo n h i l u nhfi nghiln cflu Trung Qufic, quan nifim v l chu quyln nhfl tren khfing tdn t^i trong Trung Qufic t r u y i n thdng. Dilu nfiy khfing cfi nghia I i ngfldi Trung Hoa khfing cd dpih nghia r i l n g v l chu quyln'^. Dfldi d l c h i Trung Hoa, ngfldi Trung Hoa cd nhfin thflc v l trfit ti^
t h i gidi Ifiy Trung Qufic lfim trung tfim, vfi d i ^ t r l n nhflng gifi t r i vfi tfl tfldng rilng xufit phfit tfl trfit tfl lufin If Khdng Tfl<*'.
Trong ^ nifim v l n l n hda binh dfldi s^
thdng tri cua T n m g Qufic (Pax Sinica) nfiy, ngfldi Trung Hoa cd cfich nhin vfi khfii nifim "chu q u y ^ " rilng®. Trung Quoc ti^
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coi minh 14 t r u n g tSm cua thf? gidi, vUijt trdi hdn tfft ca c4c d4n tdc kh4c, v4 Ho4ng dff Trung Hoa 14 Thidn til, cai trj ca thien h(i. Do dd, Trung Qudc d4 thijc hi?n m^t h$ thtfng cd thii b^c trong quan h$ d « ngoai - ho thdng thiSn triSu-chu h l u . Dang "chu quySn" n4y phuong Tdy goi 14
"b4 chu" (Suzerainty). L4 mdt nudc b4 chii ciia P a x Sinica, Trung Qu6c tiS'n h4nh quan h$ ngoai giao thdng qua vi§c Ho4ng d§' Trung Hoa phong vUdng cho c4c nUdc chu hdu. Trung Qudc coi minh duing trgn t£ft ca cdc nudc chu hdu xung quanh bign gidi™. C4ch cai trj n4y ho?t ddng theo nguydn tac mdt chinh quyln k i l m soat cac chinh quyln kh4c nhung vfin cho phdp cd quyln ti^ chii nhtft dinh trong cdc cdng vi§c ndi bd'''. Ndi mdt cdch khde, miln 14 cac nudc chu h d u cdng nh$n vj trf diing ddu cua ba qudc v4 ti\^fc hi^n nghia vu cdng nap, thi Hodng d l Trung Qudc sd khdng can thidp v4o cdng v i ^ ndi bd cua cdc nudc chu hdu™.
D i n t h i ky XDC, quy chudn chu quyln da lan rdng d i n k h u v^c Ddng A ndi chung, v4 Trung QuSc ndi ridng. Si? va cham giOa hd thdng t h i gidi cua Trung Hoa v4 hd thdng qudc gia-d4n tdc chdu Au da dfin d i n mdt t h i ky m4 Trung Qudc goi 14 " t h i ky nhvic nhS". T^n d^ng khung hoang chfnh trj, vdn hda, v4 mdu thufin b i n trong cua Trung Qudc nvia sau t h i ky XEC, Chlnh phu cdc nUdc phUOng Tdy theo du& chlnh sdch b4nh trudng thUdng m?i v4 I p Trung Qudc phai k^ nhijng hidp ildc
" b i t binh ding". S a u k h i thSt b?i trUdc qudn ddi Anh trong chiln t r a n h Nha philn ldn 1 (1842) v4 ldn 2 (1856-1860), nh4 Thanh budc phai k^ k i t mdt loat cdc hidp
NGHICN CAI TRUNE gutc sS 3(127) - 2012
Quan ni$m vdchu quyen cua Trung Qudc
flde md cfla budn bfin thfldng m^i, cho phdp thflcftig nhfin nfldc ngofii tfl do di I^i d cfic cang vfi sfing ngdi, ngfldi nfldc ngofii dfldc hfldhg d^c quyln ngo^i giao. V l m$t lanh thd "Trung Qude bi chia nhd, mfi't di quyln k i l m sofit dfii vdi n h i l u khu vflc vfi lanh thd, phfin ldn trong s i dfi Ifi rdi vfio tay Nhfit Ban sau khi thfi't b^i nhi^c nhfi trong cufic chiln Trung-Nhfit nfim 1895<^*.
Trong ban dfi si nhi^c qudc gia nfim 1927, T n m g Quoc lifit k l cd 15 vflng lanh thd, 15 nfldc ehfl hfiu, 4 td gidi lanh thd bi mfi't*^"' vfio tay cfic nfldc d l qudc sudt mfit t h i ky cho d i n gifla t h i ky XX.
Tuy gpi nhflng bifip flde nfiy Ifi "bfi't binh d^ng", song vific k^ k i t nhflng bifip flde dfi da chflng td si^ cfing nhfin cua Trung Quoc dfii vdi nguyin tfic binh d i n g tren lufit phfip gifla cfic qudc gia-dfin toe cua h i thdng Westphalia*"'. Ddi mfit vdi d l qudc phfldng Tfiy, sfl bfinh trfldng cua Nhfit Ban vfi phai chfip nhfin thfle thi he thdng cac hilp flde nfiy dfi lfim suy y l u quyln lfle eua d l c b l Trung Hoa"^. Khi t h i c b l truyin thdng khdng du k h a nfing de dfii phd vdi nhflng thfich thflc tfl b i n ngofii, Trung Quoc bufic phai "trfing" v l Nhfit Ban vfi phfldng Tfiy d l tim cfich Ifi'y lai vi tri ciia nunh. Trung Quoc eho rfing ehfnh chu ngbla dfin toe Ifi dpng Iflc chii y l u cua qufi trinh hifin d^i hda vfi bfinh trfldng cua chfiu Au trong nhflng t h i ky dd. Nhfin thfle nfiy dfi dfin d i n n h u cfiu t i l p nhfin quan nifim cua phfldng Tfiy v l chu nghia dfin tde"^. Mfit t h i hfi nhflng ngfldi theo cbu nghia dfin tdc tim k i l m cfich thflc mdi d l b i l n dfii nfldc hp thfinh mfit qudc gia hflng manh, ed dflpe si^ tfin trpng, tfl do vfi quyln binh d4ng trong cfing ddng qufic
te^">. "Lfi'y Ifla chpi Ifla""^, Trung Qude bupc phai chfi'p nhfin nhiing quan nifim cua phUdng Tfiy v l qudc gia, dfin tfie, quyln efing dfin vfi dfie bifit Ifi quan nifim chu quyin d l bao v l ldi ich qudc gia chdng I^i su xfim Iflpc b i n ngofii; bfit dfiu qua trinh lich sfl t h i l t lfip mfit qude gia-dfin tfic hifin dai.
Theo nhfl ldi cua Jime Dreyer, thfit Ifi mfit ngbich 1;^ vi mfit dfit nfldc dfi bufic phai chfi'p nhfin nguyin tfie chu quyln gid l^i trd thfinh mfit ngfldi bao v l trung thfinh nha't cho nguyen tac dfi''^. Thfit vfiy, tfl khi nudc Cfing hda nhfin dan Trung Hoa ra ddi cho d i n nay, chu quyln qudc gia vhi la mfit n i t dfie trflng, chi dao tfl duy vfi moi boat dpng v l dfii ngoai eua Trung Qude, dong thdi cung Ifi quan dilm chfnh thflc cua Trung Qufic trong quan hi, flng xfl quoc te^^''. Dilu nay t h i biln ro nhfit trong 5 nguyin tfic cung ton tai hda binh, dflde n l u l l n diu t i l n trong Hilp dinh Trung - An ky k i t vfio thfing 9/1954, bao gfim:
- Tfin trpng ehu quyen vfi tofin ven lanh thd eua nhau,
- Khfing xfim Iflpc lfin nhau, - Khfing can thilp vfio cfing vific nfii bfi cua nhau,
- Binh d i n g vfi bai b i n cung cd ldi, - Cung tdn tai boa binh.
Song bao ve chu quyln, cfi phai Trung Quoe chi bfim y v l quyln tfii phfin trong pb^m vi lanh thd, khfing xfim Ifldc vfi khfing can thiep Ifin nhau? Dfla t r l n nhiing ed sd Uch sfl vxta xem xlt, phfin tiep theo se Ifim rfi hdn nfii dung quan dilm v l ehu quyln cua Trung Quoc.
NGHISN Cllni TRUNG QUtfC s d 3(127) - 2012
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NGUYEN D^NG LAN ANH
2. N6i dung quan dilm chu quyln cua Trung Qudc
Cfich tilp cfin trong quan hfi qudc t l dfit chu quyln lfim trung tfim vfi $ thfle truyin thdng v l trfit t\}. t h i gidi Ifiy Trung Qudc Ifim trung tfim dfi hfia trfin t^o n l n ^ nifim v l chu quyln qufic gia hifin nay cua Trung Qudc. ^ nifim dd gfim nhflng nfii dung chfnh nhfl sau:
TrUdc tiin, bfi't cfl khi nfio thufin Ipi, dfie bifit Ifi khi sfle m^nh qudc gia cho pblp, Trung Qude d i u gfin ehu quyln vdi quyln bfi chu"^. Trung Qude cho rfing ndi nfio hp tflng cd quyln bfi chii, thi gid hp cd ehu quyln"^. Dfiy Ifi cd sd cho mfit sd tuyln bd chu quyln Ifinh thd cua Trung Qufic hifin nay, diln hinh lfi t u y l n bd cbu quyln dm vdi bai qufin dao Hofing Sa vfi Trfldng Sa. Mfit Ifip lufin mfi Trung Qudc dfla ra lfi cfic vi vua chua Vifit Nam lufin cbl boat dfing nhfim ph\tc vv Hofing d l T n m g Hoa*^. Cho du cd efie chflng cfl k h i n g dinh chu quyln liln ti;ic t h i hifin 5 nhflng bfinh ddng c^ t h i cua ngfldi Vifit theo Ifinh eiia trilu dinh, thi dd ciang chi lfi hfinh dfing dfldi danh nghia cua Hofing d l Trung Hoa theo quan hfi "thiln trilu-chfl hfiu", vi v4y cfic lanh thd nfiy cung thufic v l Trung Qufic. Dfiy lfi mfit Ifip lufin hofin tofin phi ly, song nd t h i hifin rfit ro cfich t i l p cfin cua Trung Qufic, Ifi lufin gfin chu quyln vdi d^ng chu quyln - bfi quyln trong qufi khfl.
Thii hai, tfl gfic nhin cua Trung Qufic, cbu quyln khfing chi bao gom y l u td Ifinh thd mfi cdn bao gdm ea y l u t l khu vfle anh hfldng. Trung Qudc dfii hdi si^ duy tri anh hfldng d ca nhflng vflng nfim ngofii biln gidi lanh thd, gdm nhflng khu vi;tc da
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tflng nfim dfldi sfl bfi chu eua ngfldi Trung Qudc trong Ijch st( vfi/hofic si;( thdng t r | t r u y i n thdng cua vfin hda Trung Hoa^^".
Trung Qudc coi dfiy lfi "khfing gian chu quyln", vfi cho rfing Ijch sut dfi ehflng minh ayf, hflng vong eua mfit cfldng qufic ehu ylu lfi phvi thufic vfio vific cfldng qufic fiy thflc hifin sfle m^nh vfi anh hfldng cua minh d vflng n g o ^ vi biln gidi nhfl t h i nfio*^. Do vfiy, Trung Qufic coi nhflng bfinh dfing cua cfic silu cfldng nhfim t h i l t Ifip anh bildng b khu vi^c ngo^i vi Trung Qufic lfi nhflng hfinh dfing xfim ph^m chu quyln. Tnmg Qufic lufin lln tiing phan dra, thfim chf trong lich sut dfi tflng dflng vu l i ^ d l quylt tfim bao vfi
"khfing gian ehu quyln" cua minh.
ThU ba, nhfin m^uih tdi chu quyln Ifinh thd Ifi mfit n i t dfie trflng ndi bfit eua chu nghia dfin tfic T n m g Qudc. Nhfl da d l cfip b t r l n , d l bao v l minh trfldc thfich thflc vfi thofit khdi cufic khung hoang ehfnh tri, vfin hda trong qufi trinh va ch^jn vdi chu nghia d l qufic, Trung Qufic bufic phai trd thfinh mfit phfin ciia bfi thdng qudc gia - dfin tfic do phfldng Tfiy t h i n g tri dfie bifit Ifi "mflpn" quan nifim v l chu nghia ddn t^ cua phfldng Tfiy*^. Ban thfin dd lfi 81^ doi phd I^i vdi chu nghia di qufic, nen ehu nghia dfin tfic Trung Qufic dflpc binh thfinh quanh f nifim v l chu quyln lanh thfi*. Do vfiy, nhiing ngfldi di theo chii nghia dfin tfic ludn nhfin m^nh tdi sijl thdng nhfi't gifla lieh sii vfi Ifinh thd, dong thdi coi vific bao vfi vfi tfing cfldng chii quyln Ifinh thd Ifi mue dfch c u ^ cung ciia ehu nghia dfin tfic Trung Qudc*"*.
ThU tu, quan d i l m v l chii quy&
cua Trung Qufic cdn bao gfim mvLC tieu nfing cao vi t h i , a n h hfldng vfi v l lfiu dfii lfi
NGHllN Ciiu TRUNG QUtfC so 3(127) - 2012
Quan nf$m vdchu quyen cua Trung Qudc
trd thfinh mfit cfldng qudc. Trong eon mat eua nhflng ngudi theo ehu nghia dfin tfie Trung Qufic, mfit nfldc y l u lfi nflde se phai ehflng k i l n ehu quyln cua minh h\ xfim lfin, vi trf cua mfit qudc gia-dfin tfic dflpc quylt dinh bdi sfle m^nh kinh t l vfi qufin s^C2B) D^ng thdi, sfl nhi^e nha trong qufi khfl vfin t i l p ti^c dai d i n g t§io thfinh sfl quylt tfim cua chu nghia dfin tfic biln Trung Qufic trd thfinh mfit qude gia ngang hang, n l u khfing mudn nfii 16 trd thfinh Ifinh d^o cua cfic qude gia-dfin tfie khfie.
Ngofii ra, xufi't phfit tfl nhflng kinh nghilm trong lich sfl, Trung Qufic cho rfing mdi de doa Idn nhfi't dfii vdi chu quyln cua nd Ifi tfl cfic cfldng qufic Idn hdn, khi cfic sieu cfldng ed gfing md rfing anh hfldng d vung dlm*^ hay t h i l t lfip mfit trfit tfl gfim nhflng t h i c b l vfi cfi'u true ehi phuc vu cho lpi fch eua nflde ba chu, mfi khfing cd si^
tham gia cua Trung Qudc. Do do, mpt trong nhflng mue t i l u quan trpng nhat chi d^o tfl duy vfi hfinh dfing liln quan den ehu quyln cua Trung Quoc trong dfii ban chfnh lfi tfii t h i l t Ifip h i thdng qude t l thien v l hfldng efi Ipi, mang lai cho T n m g Qude nhieu anh hfldng hdn nfla*^".
Cufii ciing, Dang Cfing san T n m g Qufic, lanh dao nhfi nfldc T n m g Hoa, lfi ehu sd hflu chu q u y l n duy nhfi't trong pham vi nfldc Cong Hda Nhan dfin Trung Hoa. Bfi't cfl nguy ed de dpa d i n Dang Cfing san Trung Qude dflpc coi lfi nguy cd dfii vdi chu quyln ciia Trung Qudc. Mfit khfie bao v l dflde ehu quyln, hay Ifip l§ii dfldc vi tri cfldng quoc cua Trung Quoc dfing nghia vdi vile bao vfi tfnh ehinh dfing cho sfl tdn tai cua Dang*?®. Nhfl Samuel Kim l^p lufin rfing, sfl giam sflt anh hfldng
NGHI£N CUU TRUNG QUfiC s d 3(127) - 2012 "
bfi't thfldng nfio cua Trung Qudc d i u de dpa Ifi'y di 1^ do cufii eflng k h i n g dinh tinh hpp phfip cua Dang, mfi tfnh hpp phfip fiy cd d\i(}c lfi di^a trfin cd sd eua sfl mang - khfii ph\ic l^i vi tri cfldng qude cua Trung Qudc t r l n tblgidi*^*.
IV. K^T LU^N
Mfie dfl trd thfinh ngfldi bao vfi kiln tri cho cfic nguyin tfic cua chu quyln tuyfit dfii, nguyin t&c mfi Trung Qudc dfi bufic phai tilp thu trong qufi trinh va cham vdi chu nghia d l qudc phfldng Tfiy, song nfii dung v l ehu quyln eua Trung Qudc phan finh 8i;t k i t hpp gifla each tilp cfin Ifiy chu quyln lfim trung tfim cua hfi thdng quoc gia-dfin tfic phfldng Tfiy vdi f thflc bfi cbu cua d l c b l Trung Hoa coi Trung Hoa Ifim trung tfim cai tri t h i l n h^. Nhflng kinh nghilm lich sfl nhuc nha trong mfit t h i ky dfldi sfl bfic Ifit vfi chin I p cua cfic cfldng qudc chfiu Au ciing dfi tao n l n nhflng nhfin thflc vfi trfio Iflu liln quan d i n bao v l chu quyln dfim ban sfic Trung Qufic. Cfi the tdm gpn l?i rang, chu quyln lanh tho Ifi cd sd eho sfl doi hdi 'Vung Ifinh thd bi mfit^' vfi khu vfle anh hfldng, Ifi dfie tning cua chu nghia dfin tfic Trung Qudc, lfi ngufin dam bao vfi tfing cfldng tfnh chfnh dfing eua c b l dp cfim quyln, Ifi dong Ii;te cho quylt tfim trd thfinh mfit cfldng qufic, vfi lfi myc dfch cua vific xfiy di^ng mfit bfi t h i n g t h i gidi mdi ed Ipi eho T n m g Qufic.
Trong n h i l u eufie thao lufin ve lieu Trung Qudc cfi tfl bo mfit sd tuyln bfi' nhfit dinh v l chu quyln lanh tho khfing? Lpi fch nfio Trung Qudc cfi t h i s i thda hilp, eai gi Trung Qude se khfing? Qua phfin tfch vfi thn h i l u v l quan n i l m chu quyln cua Trung Qufic, ed the tra ldi mfit phfin eho
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nhflng cfiu hdi nfiy. Ban thfin chu quyln doi vdi Trung Qufi'c Ifi ljch sfl, lfi nhfin thflc v l vai trd bfi ehu, Ifi nhfin thfle v l qufi khfl
"nhuc nhfi", Ifi mi^c tilu trd thfinh cfldng qufic di khong bao gid h\ efie cfldng qufic khfie xfim Ifi'n chu quyln, vfi mfit khi nhflng tuyen b l chu quyln Ifinh thd lfi cfing cu d l Trung Qufic d^t dflpc nhflng mi^c t i l u chu quyln nfiy thi Trung Qudc se khfing bao gid tfl bd.
CHtlTHfCH:
(1) Walter C.Opello vfi Stephen J.Rosow, The nation-state and Global Order: A Historical Introduction to Contemporary Politics, NXB Lynne Rienner, tr.3
(2) Shan Wenhua, "Redefining the Chinese concept of sovereignty", trong Gungwu Wang, Yongnian Zheng (ch.b), 2008. China and the new international order, Routledge, tr.53.
(3) Unryu Suganuma, 2000. Sovereignty Rights and Territorial Space in Sino- Japanese Relations: Irredentism and the DUwyu I Senkaku Islands, NXB University of Hawaii Press, tr.27.
(4), (5), (6) Nhu trln, tr.l52
(7) June Teufel Dreyer, Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2/2008. http://www.uscc.gov/
hearings/2008hearings/written_testimonies/08_02_
27_wrts/08_02_27_dreyer_statement.php.
(8)Cbuthfcb3, tr.l53
(9) Bfio cfio 2008 cua ijy ban Kinh t l vfi Gifim sfit An ninh My - Trung, chUdng II, Mi^c 2, tr.2. http://www.uscc.gov/annual_report/
2008/08report_chapters.php
(10) WilUam A.Callahan, Ban dShpcvisU si nl uc qudc gia vd sU xudt hi$n cua hinh thd dia ly Trung Qudc. http://nghiencuubiendong.vn/
component/tag/L%C3%A3nh%20th%El%BB%95
%20b%El%BB%8B%20m%El%BA%A5t
72
(11) Suisheng Zhao, 2004. A nation-state by construction: dynamics of modern Chinese nationalism, NXB Stanford University, tr.48
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(14) Sun Yat-sen, "San Min Cbu I: The three principles of the People" trich tfl chfi thfch 13, tr.428.
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(17) Bates Gill, 2010. Rising star: China's new security diplomacy, NXB Brookings Institution, tr.108
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(20) Bfio D^i Dofin kit, "Xuyin tac lich si?
trong dm mUu chidm doat Hodng Sa vd Trudng Sa(2V0imiiy
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(22) Zhang Wenmu, 2006. "Sea Power and China's strategic choices", China Security, HI 2006, tr.26
(23), (24), (25) Cbu thfch 11, tr.47, tr.49, tr.60
(26) Robert Sutter, Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2/2008. http://www.uscc.gov/
hearings/ 2008hearings/written_testimonies/ 08_
02_27_wits/08_02_27_sutter_stateraent.php (27) James Lewis, Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2/2008. http://www.usGC.gov /hearings/2008hearings/written_testimonies/08_02_
27_wrts/08_02_27_Iewis_statemeotphp (28) Chfl thfch 18, tr.38
(29) Samuel Kim, "China: The coming power". http://www.glDbalsecuritv.org/militarv/
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NGHllN C&a TRUNG Qu6c s d 3(127) - 2012
