Tang cifofng lien ket vung de phat trien kinh te bien mien Tmng
NGaVEM THI TUYET TRIMH"
Viing m i l n Trung g6m 14 tinh, Thanh pho' trtfc thuoc Trung tftfng tuf Thanh Hoa dfe'n Binh Thu$n, vd^i chiiu dai hd hiin l^n tdi 1.900Iim, co nhilu tilm nSng, ltfi thfe' di phat tri§'n kinh t^' noi chung, trong do co kinh te' bid'n. Tuy nhidn, d l bie'n nhtfng tiem nang, Idi thg" do thanh hien thtfc, viec tang ctfcTng lien kd't gitta cac dja phtfdng trong Vung d l phat trien kinh td' la c^n thid't.
T H l J C T R A N G
Bien mien Trung la cufa ngd mat lien ra Bien Ddng cua Viet Nam, giff vi tri dac biel quan trong trong phat tnen kinh td'bi^n va cac hoat ddng kinh te tren dai dat lien ven bien, cd tiem nang ra't Idn ve phat trien cdng nghidp nang, ddu khi, van tai bien, logistic, dich vu, du lich bien, ddo, phat Irien danh bat va nudi trdng thuy hai s5n, khai thac nang Itfdng gid, nang Itfdng mat trdi.
Miln Trung cdn la cu'a ngo ra bien cua vilng TSy Nguy6n, la cau nd'i quan irgng ciia cac tinh Tay Nguyen trong hdi nhap, thdng qua viec ket nd'i tuye'n hanh lang kinh te'Ddng - Tay.
Trong giai doan 2016-2018 va quy 11/2019, tinh hinh kinh le - xa hdi cua Viing da cd nhUng btfdc phat trien dang ke. Cu the, theo bao cdo cua Bd Ke hoach va Dau ttf, td'c dd lang trtfdng GRDP binh quan loan Viing dat khoang 7,62%/nam, cao hdn so vdi binh quan chung ca ntfdc (6,69%). Ty trpng ddng gdp vao tang trtfdng kinh le chung cua ca ntfdc cd xu htfdng tang, ttf 18,83%
nam 2016 len 19,28% nam 2018.
Mpt sd'dia phtfdng trtfdc day thudc dien khd khan, nay da dat mtfc tang trtfdng kha hong nam 2018, nhtf: Quang Binh (7,03%), Quang Tri (7,12%), Phu Yen (6,88%), Ninh Thuan (8,03%), Binh Thuan (8,08%).
GRDP binh quan dau ngtfdi ciia Vung tang tijf 1.850 USD/ngtfdi nam 2016 len 2.074 USD/ngtfdi nam 2018.
Cd cau kinh te VCing chuyen dich theo htfdng tich ctfc, tang ty trpng khu vtfc djch vu, cdng nghiep va giam dan ty trpng khu vtfc ndng nghiep. Khu vtfc cdng nghiep - xay dtfng cd td'c dp tang irtfdng cao, binh quan dat khoang 10,36%/nam (cao hdn mtfc binh quan ca ntfdc) nhd stf ddng gdp ciaa cac dtf an cdng nghiep ddng Itfc, nhtf: dau khi, luyen thep, lap rap d Id, cd khi che tao... Khu vtfc dich vu cung dat mtfc tang trtfdng kha, binh quan dat 7,22%/nam {ca ntfdc tang 7,15%). Khu vtfc ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san da cd btfdc phuc hoi nhanh sau stf cd' d nhiem mdi trtfdng bien nam 2016, binh quan dat 3,62%/nam, nudi trdng, khai thac, che bie'n thuy hai san phat trien manh theo htfdng san xua'l hang hda, dap iJng lieu chuan chat Itfdng, hi^u qua va ben vtfng.
Cdng tac cai each hanh chinh, tang ctfdng nang Itfc canh tranh, nang cao chi so' hieu qua quan tri va hanh chinh cdng dtfdc chu trpng. Chi so' Nang Itfc canh lranh cap linh (PCI) va chi sd' Hieu qua quan ly vii hanh chinh cdng ca'p tinh (PAPI) lien tuc dtfdc cai thien tren bang xe'p hang ca ntfdc. Nam 2018 cd 4 linh, thanh cua ViJng nam trong nhdm 10 linh diJug thu" hang cao nha't ve Chi so'PAPI, Da NSng va Quang Nam ludn diJug trong td'p dau ca ntfdc ve chi so' PCI.
Cac tinh, thanh phd' trong Vung deu da trien khai md hinh dich vu hanh chinh "mdt cu'a"; tinh Thtfa Thien Hue', TP, Da Nlng da trien khai md hinh quan ly dd thi thdng minh.
Nhd dd, trong nam 2018, toan Vilng da thanh lap mdi 18.800 doanh nghiep. chie'm 14,3% so' doanh nghiep thanh lap cua ca ntfdc; ty le doanh nghiep quay trd lai hoat dpng cua Vung d mtfc cao so vdi ca ntfdc; thu hiit FDI tang kha. dat khoang 12.2 ty USD. luy ke de'n thang 6 nam 2019, long vdn FDI cua vijng thu hut dat gan 58 ty USD. chie'm 16,3%
vd'n FDI ca ntfdc.
'ThS,, Trtfdng Cao dang Cong Thtfdng m i l n Trung
69
HEM CCfG - TRAO DO!
Dieu dang mtfng la trong thdi gian qua, phai trien kinhte bien dtfpc quan tam, chu trpng. Cac dia phtfdng trong viing tap trung quan triet, thtfc hien Nghi quye't sd 09-NQ/TW, ngay 09/02/2007 ciia Ban Chap hanh Trung tfdng Dang Khda X ve Chie'n Itfpc Bidn Viet Nam de'n nam 2020 va btfdc dau thtfc hien Nghi quyel sd 36-NQ/TW, ngay 22/10/2018 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung tfdng Dang Khda XII ve Chien Itfdc Phat trien ben vtfng kinh te bien Viet Nam de'n nam 2030, tam nhin de'n nam 2045. Nhd dd, cac dia phtfdng da dat nhieu ke't qua ndi bat ve phat trien kinh le bien, trd thanh mot trong nhifng ddng Itfc quan trpng thiic day phat trid'n kinh ti - xa hpi Vung trong nhtfng nam qua.
Toan Vung da hinh thanh va dang phat trien nhanh tuyen hanh lang kinh te ven bien vdi chudi cang bien, khu kinh te, khu du lich, dd thi ven bien, cang ca va cac trung tam dich vu hau can nghe ca.
Du lick ven biin phat trien manh vdi nhieu khu du lich, trung tam du ljch tam cd qud'c gia va qud'c te (nhtf: Da N5ng, Nha Trang, Hue, Phan Thie't.,.), hang nam thu hut so' Itfdng Idn khach du lich trong ntfdc va qud'c ti. Hau he't cac tinh cd bien da thu hiit dau ttf phat trien nhieu khu du lich ven bid'n cd quy md ldn, cha't Itfdng cao. Nhieu dia phtfdng thu biit dtfdc nhffng nhS dau ttf chie'n ltfdc trong ntfdc cd tiem Itfc tai chinh, nhtf: FLC, Vingroup, Sungroup... va qud'c te dau ttf phat trien cac dtf an ha tang du lich ven bien dang cap qud'c te.
Kkai thdc hdi sdn xa bd cdc link mien Trung tang manh ca ve sd' Itfdng va cha't ltfdng, nang Itfc khai thac dtfdc nang Idn; so Itfdng lau ca ddng mdi cd cdng sual ldn tang nhanh (ca Viing cd tren 17,7 nghin tau danh bat hai san xa bd, vdi tdng cdng sua't 5,8 trieu CV, san Itfdng danh bat hang nam gan 1,5 trieu tan); cac hlnh thtfc td chtfc san xuS't khai thdc tren bien ttfng btfdc dtfdc ddi mdi, phii hdp vdi dieu ki$n san xua't ttfng ngtf trtfdng viing bien, khai thac di ddi vdi tai tao va bao ve ngudn ldi thiiy san, gdn muc tieu phat trien kinh te' vdi muc lieu bao v§ chu quyen bien dao cua To qud'c Cdc kku kink ti ven biin miin Trung da thu hiit mdt so' dtf an FDI, dtf an dau ttf trong ntfdc quy md ldn, cd stfc lan tda manh; ddng gdp quan trpng vao tang trtfdng cac nganh cdng nghiep ndi rieng va tang trtfdng kinh te ndi chung (nhtf: dtf an loc dau Nghi Sdn, Dung Qua't, dtf an thep Formosa, dtf an d td Trtfdng Hai.,.), Toan Vung cd 11 khu kinh te va 40 khu cdng nghiep thu hiit tren 26 ty USD. Tdng gia tri san xua't cdng nghiep lai cac khu kinh te', khu cdng nghiep tren dia ban trong 6 thang dau nam 2019 dat 9,6 ty USD; gia tri xua't nhap khau dat hdn 14,4 ty USD va nop ngan sach hdn 23,7 nghin ly ddng (Bp Ke hoach va Dau ttf, 2019).
Hg tdng do tki ven biin dtfdc nSng ca'p. xay dtfng md rdng va phat trien manh vdi 01 do thi Ioai I trtfc thudc Trung tfdng la thanh phd' Da NSng va 05 dd ihi loai 1 trtfc thuoc linh (la Thanh Hda, Vinh, Hue, Quy Nhdn, Nha Trang).
Dieu dang mij^ng la trong nhtfng nam qua, cdng tac phat trien lien ke'i \ ung dtfdc quan tam trien khai va dat
ke't qua btfdc dau. Hdi dong viing Kinh te trpng diem mien Trung da td chiJc nhieu hdi thao, hdi nghi va cac cupc hpp giao ban de danh gia thtfc trang, ban cdc giai phdp ve lien ke't phdt trien viJng, nhtf: Hpi thao "Lien ket xay dtfng he Ihdng va Trung tam Logistics tai viing Kinh te trpng diem mien Trung"; Hpi nghi "Lien kel phdt trien cac khu kinh te, khu cdng nghiep vung Kinh te trpng diem mien Trung"; Hdi nghi "Giao ban Viing Kinh te trpng did'm miln Trung v^
Hdi nghj Phat trien Du lich mien Trung va Tay Nguyen nam 2019".
Nhffng nam qua, ke't ca'u ha tang quan trpng, lien viing dtfdc quan tam, tap trung dau ttf bang nhieu ngudn vd'n va cac hinh thtfc dau ttf. Cu the, da hoan thanh Dtf dn dtfdng cao td'c Da Nang - Quang Ngai, hoan thanh dau ttf nang cap, md rdng vdi quy md 04 lan xe toan bd tuye'n Qud'c Id 1, trien khai Dtf an md rpng Qud'c Id IA doan qua Quang Ngai, dtf an Cai tao, nang cap cdc doan xung ye'u tren Qudc Id 24 doan Quang Ngai - Kon Turn... va dang chuan bj trien khai cdc tuye'n Cam Ld - La Sdn vd La Sdn - Tiiy Loan. Vilng cd 9 cang hang khdng dtfdc dau ttf nang ca'p kha hien dai, trong dd cd Cang Hang khdng Qud'c te Da NSng la cang hang khdng ldn thtf ba cua ca ntfdc, cung la cang cu'a ngd qud'c te d khu vifc mien Trung... Vilng cd 14 nhdm cang bien, trong do 8 nhdm cang bidn loai I la cang long hdp qud'c gia, dau md'i khu vtfc, nhtf: Nghi Sdn; Nghe An; Ha Tinh; Thtfa Thien Hue; Da Ndng; Dung Qua't; Quy Nhdn; Khanh Hda.
V A N CON NHIEU HAN CHE
ThU nhdt, quy md kink ti vUng cdn kkiem tdn. Trong 14 tinh, chi cd 4 tinh la Thanh Hda, Ha TTnh, Quang Ngai va Quang Nam cd dtf an ddng Itfc quy md ldn. Cdc tinh cdn lai td'c dp tang irtfdng cdn tha'p, chtfa khai thac dtfdc the manh ve he thd'ng cang bien, san bay sdn cd.
Mdt so' hanh lang kinh te (Da Ndng - Qudc Id IA; Da Ndng - Qud'c Id I4B - 14D - Nam Giang - Ddng-Tay; Dung Qua't - Tay Nguyen; Quy Nhdn - Tay Nguyen) chtfa phdt huy stfc hut ldn ve cdng nghiep, dich vu; xua't kha'u ldng cao nhtfng ly trong cdn tha'p trong long kim ngach xua't khau cua ca ntfdc (chi chie'm 4,76% tdng kini ngach xua't khau ca ntfdc). Phdt trien chtfa ddng deu x6t
70
tren ye'u td' viing, lanh tho giffa cdc tinh trong Vung va ndi bd tifng dja phtfdng, anh htfdng tdi kha ndng phdt trien Vilng mdt cdch dong bd, toan dien.
Thff hai, ha tdng giao thdng kit nd'i lien viing, ndi vdng cdn ye'u vd thieu.
Tuy6'n dtfdng ven bien cdn chtfa ket nd'i dtfdc cac tinh va Viing theo dai bd bien mien Trung, cac tuyen dtfdng true Bac Nam, Ddng Tay dtfdng nd'i ttf khu vtfc ven bien len Tay Nguyen, nd'i ven bien vdi viing trung du, mien mii chtfa dtfdc dau ttf mdi, nang ca'p; tuye'n dtfdng sat khd 1,4m chdm dtfdc dau ttf.
Thff ba. nguy ca thie'u nudc nggt.
nhiim man vd kgn kdn ngdy cdng ro ret, ddc biet tai cac tinh Nam Trung Bd, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan. Tmh trang d nhiem mdi trtfdng tai cac khu kinh le, khu cdng nghiep, cd sd san xua't cdng nghiep cdn cao.
Tka tu. tku kut ddu tu FDI vdo vUng cdn thdp, cku yiu dudn vffa vd nho. Cdc nha dau ttf ntfdc ngoai, tdp doan, doanh nghiep ldn cd tam Iy e ngai khi dau ttf vao Vilng thtfdng gap thien tai, bao lu va giao thdng chtfa that stf thuan tidn.
Thff ndm, chdt lugng ngudn nhdn luc cdn thdp. ty le Iao ddng qua dao tao cd ca'p chu'ng chi mdi dat khoang 22%- 23%, cd ty le thd'p ciia cd ntfdc. Do ddc diem la viing thuan ndng nghiep va ngtf nghi6p, nen phong cdch lam viec cdng nghi6p, ky luat va tinh chuyen nghiep chtfa cao, Itfc Itfdng lao ddng can cd stf dao tao de dan thay ddi thdi quen, tdc phong lam viec, Ty Ie hd ngheo van cdn cao (8,7%) so vdi binh quan ca ntfdc (6,8%).
Thff sdu, thiiu sU liin kit viwg. Theo ddnh gia cQa Bd Ke hoach va Dau ttf, d
t ling mien Trung la mat tien bien cua Viet Nam, chiem 50%
r,6lmh giiip bien eiia ca mtac vai cliieii dai bo bien 1.900km
cdc tinh, thanh phd thudc viing mien Trung, vdn cdn tinh trang "manh at nay lam", tham chi canh tranh ldn nhau; cdng tdc phd'i hdp giffa cdc dia phtfdng trong Viing cdn rat han che; chtfa hinh thanh dtfdc stf ke't nd'i ve chie'n ltfdc, quy hoach, ke hoach, ke't ca'u ha ting, cd che, chfnh sach, ngudn nhdn Itfc dan de'n lam cham lien tnnh hinh thanh mdt khdng gian kinh te' thd'ng nhd't. Ddc biet, do chtfa cd stf phan cdng laoddng giffa cac tinh, thanh phd' trong Viing, nen da dan tdi dau ttf cdn trung lap, cdc tinh, thanh phd' khdng phat huy dtfdc ldi the so sdnh cua minh.
NHUNIG GIAI PHAP CAN THUC HIEN
Mot Id. tdng cUdng lien kit vUng vd cdc linh mien Trung vdi Tdy Nguyin, hgp tdc ciing phdt tnen. Day Id giai phap ctfc ky quan trong nham tap trung xay dtfng cac do thi ven bidn cd didu kien va Idi the lam hat nhan lan tda thiic da'y phdt trien va trd thanh cdc trung tam kinh le'cua ttfng tieu vilng; Phd'i hdp vdi cac tinh Tay Nguyen ve Itfu trff va dieu tie't ngudn ntfdc ngpt,
Chinh phli can nghien ctfu, ban hanh cdc cd che', chinh sdch cu the nhdm thiic da'y lien ke't viing; giai quye't cac van de chung cua viing, nhtf: dau ttf, thtfdng mai, du lich, mdi trtfdng, phat tnen do thi,..
Tid'p tuc kidn toan bd may vilng, trao dii thtfc quyen ra quye't dinh cho Hdi ddng vdng Kinh te Trpng diem mien Trung. Hoan thien the che'de phdt huy tinh chu dpng, sang lao ciia cac thanh vien Hdi ddng viing.
Phdn dinh rd trdch nhiem va tang ctfdng phd'i hdp giffa Ban chi dao, cac Hdi ddng viing, cdc bd, nganh va dia phtfdng trong vHng. Cd cd che tai chinh cu the de phuc vu cdc hoat ddng ciia Hdi ddng viing
Hai Id, ckuyin dich ca cd'u kink titheo Idi the Viing gan vdi thtfc hien Nghi quye't so' 36-NQ/TW. Theo dd, can xay dtfng thtfdng hieu va san pham qudc gia theo nganh va ldi the'ciia vilng, san pham mdi, gid tri gia tang cao; nang cao stf ddng gdp cua khoa hpc vd cdng nghe vao cdc nganh cdng nghiep cd gid tri gia tang cao, cd ldi the canh tranh de tham gia mang san xua't va chudi gui tri toan cau.
Economy and Forecd.'.l Review
71
IIEN C(!fU - TRAO DOI
Ba Id, phdt triin kit cdu hg tdng. nhdt Id ha tdng giao tkdng kit ndi lien vdng vd ngi vdng, ddng bd, mang ltfdi giao thdng kd't nd'i cdc trung tdm kinh td' ldn cua ca ntfdc, cac khu cdng nghidp, khu kinh te, khu dd thi, cdc vLing bien vdi cdc cang bidn dtfa tren he sinh thdi kinh te va ttf nhien, ke't nd'i chien ltfdc Bac - Nam, Ddng - Tdy gitfa cdc vimg trong ntfdc va vdi qudc ti.
Thdi gian tdi, can thtfc hien cac giai phap: dau ttf tap irung cd trpng tdm, trpng diem vao nhtfng cdng trinh cd y nghia Idn vd phdt trien kinh le xd hdi. Uu tien tdp trung giai quye't dtft diem mdt so diem nghen ve ke't ca'u ha tang giao thdng de phdt trien kinh te; diu ttf hoan Ihanh cac cdng trinh cd stJc lan tda nham mang Iai hieu qua dau ttf cho toan bp he thd'ng ket ca'u ha tang giao thdng; cdc cdng trinh giai quye'i nhu cau thie't ye'u cho nen kinh te; ra sodt, su'a dd'i.
Day manh xd hpi hda dau ttf phdt trien ket cd'u ha tang giao thdng, ddc biet Id theo hinh thtfc hdp tac cdng- ttf (PPP) nham tao btfdc dot pha ve huy dpng nguon vd'n tren cd sd nghien ctfu Itfa chpn md hinh, hoan thien cd che, chinh sdch ve hinh thtfc dau ttf PPP. Ban hanh cdc vdn ban quy pham phdp Iudt, phu hdp vdi cd che thi trtfdng va hpi nhap kinh te qud'c te nham tao lap mdi trtfdng kinh doanh binh dang giffa cdc ihanh phan kinh te, khuyen khich moi thanh phan kinh te tham gia dau ttf kdt cd'u ha ting giao thdng va kinh doanh dich vu van tai.
Tie'p tuc cd ke hoach dau ttf hodn thanh tuye'n dtfdng ven bien, dtfdng nd'i ttf khu vtfc ven bien Ien Tdy Nguydn; ke't nd'i cac tuye'n dtfdng cao td'c trong vilng. Ndng cao hieu qua hoat ddng cdc cang bien trong khu vtfc, chi nen lap trung dau ttf cho mdt sd' cang bien dau md'i.
Bdn Id, sdm cki dgo triin kkai lap quy hogck Vitng theo Lugt Quy hogck. Trong dd, lam ro dinh htfdng, phtfdng dn phdt trien vung Kinh te Trpng didm mien Trung, vung Duyen hai mien Trung gan vdi Tay Nguyen, Hanh lang kinh te Ddng - Tay, phii hdp vdi cdc quy hoach qud'c gia.
Chinh phli can cd chi dao hoan thien the che de phdt tnen ben vffng kinh te' bien; cd cd che', chinh sach ddt pha, nha't la phan cap cho cac dia phtfdng trong thu htit dau itf, trong trien khai thtfc hien quy hoach da dtfdc phe duyet de cac dia phtfdng ven bien
chu ddng tap trung khai thdc tdi da tiem nang, ldi the, cd hdi cua cdc dia phtfdng trong Viing trong md'i quan he hai hda ve ldi ich, trdch nhiem va canh tranh binh dang trong khai thac cdc cd hpi, ldi the so sanh ciia Vung.
Ndm Id, ddy mgnk phdt triin kinh ti, ndng cao kiiu qud qudn ly tdi nguyin biin vd ddm bdo an ninh - qudc phdng.
Theo dd, cac tinh ven bien mien Trung cin cd quy che tang ctfdng trao ddi thdng tin ve boat ddng dau ttf cdc dtf dn ven bien. Ddng thdi, can nghien ctfu xdy difng chie'n ltfdc thich tfng cho sinh ke ven bien, bao ve mdi trtfdng sinh thai, xdc dinh vd tie'p cdn cho ttfng linh vtfc nhtf: van tai bien, danh bat cd, nudi trdng thuy san, trdng trpt, chdn nudi...
Viing Bdc Trung Bd, Duyen hai mien Trung vdi 100% cdc dia phtfdng deu cd bien, do do, can phai coi vimg nay la dia ban trpng diem de ihtfc hien chie'n ltfdc kinh te'bien. Trong do, can lap trung vdo 3 nhdm nganh kinh te chinh: ngtf nghiep (ddnh bat va che bien hdi sdn); du lich bien dao (gan vdi du Iich van hod, hch stif) va khu kinh le ven bien (gdn vdi tfu the'vd cang bidn).
Ddng thdi, can tang ctfdng Itfc Itfdng, phtfdng tien cho itfc Itfdng Hai qudn, Bd dpi Bien phdng vd canh sat bien nham bao dam qud'c phdng - an ninh de ngtf dan yen tam, vtfdt sdng ra khdi ddnh bat hai sdn, gdp phan canh gitf, bao ve chu quyen bidn, ddo ciia Td qud'c,
Ben canh dd, can su'dung hdp ly, tiet kiem tai nguyen bien, vimg ven bien vd dao; giam thieu suy thoai va d nhi§m mdi trtfdng bien. Kiem sodt viec xiJ Iy ntfdc thai, chat thai rdn (nha't la cha't thai ran nguy hai), tai cac khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te va cac cdng tnnh bao v?
ngudn ntfdc mal.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bd Ke hoach va Dau ttf (2019). Bdo cdo tdm tat Tinh hinh phdt triin kinh ti - xa hgi vung miin Trung. tinh Mnh vd gidi phdp pkdt triin kinh tibiin, kit qud thuc Men cdc Quyi't d/nh sd 941/
QD-TTg. ngdy 25/06/2015 vd sd2059/QD-TTg, ngdy 02/11/2015 cua Thu tudng Ckinh pkii 2. Bp Ke'hoach va Dau ttf phd'i hdp ciing Bp Tdi nguyen va Mdi trtfdng, Bd Khoa hoc \ a Cdng ngh§ (2019). Tdi lieu Hdi ngki phdt triin kinh ti mien Trung. Binh Djnh, ngay 20/08/2019
3. Hodi Anh (2019). Thit tUdng Ckinh phii; Liin kil vCing Id bdi todn sd'ng cdn cda kinh ti mien Trung, truy cdp ttf https://baomoi.com/thu-tuong-chinh-phu-lien-ket-vung-Ia-bai-ioan-song-con- cua-kinh-te-mien-trung/c/31899367 .epi
4. Nhdm phdng vien (2019). That chdl liin kit viing. tgo ddng luc tdng trudng kinh ti mien Trung, truy cap ttf http.//vneconomy.vn/that-chat-Iien-ket-vung-tao-dong-luc-iang-truong-kinh-te- mien-truna-20190819002835649.htm
