THUATNGffHANHCHlNH
THUAT NGO CO QUAN NOI CHINH
ThS. HOANG THI TU OANH
1. Thuit ngfl "co quan nfii cbinh" li mpt to ghip dupe ciu tainh bfti bai loai tO "co quan" vi "ndi chlnb". Ngbia cua tfl ca quan dupe Mlu li "mfit tailt ehi td chfle iioat dfing dfic lip, ducrc ttang bj eo sft vit chat phfl hpp dl bio dim cho boat ddng, itaim tauc biin ehflc nang, nhilm vu nbat dhta"'.
Theo mdt sd cich giii taieh khic tai ndi cbinh cd ngMa li "vifc sfla W ttong nufte"
hay "vife cbinh ttj ttong mfit nude". Cdn taeo cudn tfl diln Vift - Vift tM "ndi chinh"
dugc biiu tbeo ngbla cfla tfl loal. Vdi ta cieh l i danh tO, "nfii cMnh" dugc Mlu l i
"vifc diiu hinb boat ddng trong mdt nufte". Vdi to each li Unh tO, "ndi ehinh"
cdn dugc Mlu li van d i "thude vi ban vf nfii bfi".
TO diln tiing Viet phfi tafing cbo ring:
"nfii cbiita la vifc chlnh W ttong mfit nufte (ndi khai quit) hoic li Unh vyc boat ddng cfla nhi nudc, bao gdm viec quan ly ttit ty trj an, quin sy, ktab tl, van hda"^. l ^ u viy, nfii cbiita l i cum tfl dtmg dl him cM cdng vifc ehinh W ttong mdt nude. Cfing vifc chinh trj dd do ding ehinh ttj linh dao, Nhi nuflrc, cie tfi ehflc cbiita W - xi bfii...
vi nhan din tayc Mfn.
Nhu viy, tauit ngO ndi chinb dupc Mlu taee bai ngbla, bao gfim ngMa rfing vi ngMa h?p. d ngMa rdng, dfi l i "toin bfi cfing vife taufic chtie nang dfii nfii eua Nhi nudc, la viec quin ly nha nuflrc tten tit ci
cic linb vvrc ddi sdng - xi bfii efla mdt qfldc gia, nhir ehinh tii, khta ti, van bda, xi hfii, an ninh, qude phdng"^ NgMa rpng niy taudng dupe dung kM heat ddng dfi gin voi chue nang efla Nhi nudc.
Tbeo ngMa hep, nfii eWrta cfi nghia Ii
"cic boat ddng cfla nhtmg co quan nhi nufte ttong Unh vyc bao dam an ninh qufic gia vi ttit tir, an toin xa bdi. Thye hifn cdng tie nfii cMnh l i ttich itailm efla eac td ciifle Ding, chinb qflyin, tfi ehflc chinb W - xi bfii... va cfla loan din; ttong dd, tfi chuc Dang gift vai frd linh dao"''.
2.0 nuoc ta, tauit ngft nfii cbiita khfing pbai l i mflt tu tafing dung. Trong eic vin bin quy pham phip luit, tauit ngO niy It dupc sfl dyng m i su dyng chfl yiu ft cie vin bin cfla Dang. Tuy niiiin, trong eic vin bin niy, cung chua bao gid nhae tfli tauit ngO nfii chlnh vfii nfii him khii Mfm cfla nd ma chfl ylu dya vao eic quy djnb nhu chile ning, nMlm vy efla ea qflan ttai nufirc dupe giao tauc Men edng tie nfii chinb m i chflng ta Miu vl ngMa cfla tauit ngft niy.
Thuat ngu nfii cM'nh ducrc su dyng ttong mdt sd vin ban cfla Dang vdi nhimg quy djnh khic nhau My taufic vio ttmg giai doan Uch sfl cy tai. Cfi tai khii quit qui ttinh sfl dyng tauit ngft niy nhu sau:
- Trong Quylt dmh sfi 48-QD/TVif, ngiy
* Hpc vifn Hinh chinh Quoc gia TAP CHl Q U A N Lt N H A NffdC - Sd 244 (S/2016)
THUATNGffHANHCHlNH 17/9/1979 cfla Ban Bi tau quy dtab vl chue
ning, itaifm vu, to ehflc cfla Ban Nfii ehinh Trung uong, lin dau tifn tauit ngO nfii chmh dugc su dung. Then dfi, "Ban Nfli cMnh Tnmg utmg li ea quan taam mira giflp Tmng uong Ding vi cfing tic npi cMnh, bap gdm cic ngiita: Cfing an, Kilm sit, Tfia an, Phip chl, Thanh tta, Trpng tii kmh tl, Hai quan". Ban nay dupc taaita lip vip ngiy 05/01/1966 voi tin gpi ban dau l i Ban Phap chl Trung uong.
- Tllp do, ngiy 23/12/1991, Bp Chtob W han hinh Quyit dmh sfi 17-QD/TW quy djnb vl chfle ning, itaifm vy va tfi chile cfla Ban Npi cMnb Tmng uong. Trfn ca sft dfi, Ban Npi cbinh Trang uong li ca quan giflp Bfl CMnh tri. Ban Bi tau bao dim sy linh dao cfla Dang ft cic nginh: Kiim sit, Toa in, Tu phip, Thanb tta, Hii quan, Trpng til kinh t i Nhi nuflrc, Hfli Luit gia (khoan 3, mue 1). Bin eanh dd, dfii vdi mdt sfi vu in quan ttpng cd inh hudng chlnh trj rfing hoic cfi Uln quan din cin bfi eao cip m i Bfl Chlnh trj. Ban Bi tau ein cbo phuong hufing cbi dao tai Ban Nfii cbinh Trang uong cfi ttach nhifm taeo ddi, ehuan bj y kiln di xuit. Via taing 5/2007, Ban Nfii chlnh Trung trong hop nbat vi Vin phfing Trung uong Dang.
- Sau hon 5nimhppitaitvl Van phfing Trang uong Dang, ngiy 28/12/2012, Bfi Chlnh ttj ban hanh Quylt djnh sd 159- QD/TW (ggi tit li Quylt djnb 159) tainh lap Ban Nfii cbinh Tnmg utmg. Ban Nfli chmh Trang uong li eo quan taam muu cfla Ban Chap binh Tmng uong m i trye Ulp vi tauflng xuyen la Bp CMnb W. Ban Bi tau vi chfl truong vi cac cbinh sach ldn taudc Unh virc nfii cbinh vi phdng, chfing taam nhung. Dilu 2, myc I quy dmh: Ban Npi chinb Tmng uong chfl tri hoac phdi hgp...; vl td chttc vi boat ddng cua eic co
quan nfii ehinh (kilm sit, tda in, to phip, taanh tra, eic ea quan ed chuc ning to pbip tteng edng an, quin dpi); Hdi Luit gia Viet Nam, Liln doan Luit su Viet Nam.
Dl phfl hpp vfii tmb hinh tayc ti, ngiy 08/4/2013, Ban Bi tau di ban lianh Quy djnh sd 183-QD/TW quy djnb vl chfle ning, nhilm vu, td chOc bd miy eua Ban Nfii chinb tinh fly, tainh fly trye taupe Tmng uong (gpi tit li Quy djnh 183). Thee dfi, "BanNfilcMitatinhuylicaquantaam muu cfla tinh uy m i true tilp, tatrong xuyin la ban taudng vu tinh fly, tauflng trye ttoh uy vi cflng tic nfli cbiita va phflng, chdng taam nhflng" (Dilu 1). Quy djnb 183 eung nlu rd nhiing ea quan ndi cM'nh d dja phuong bao gdm: Tfia in, kiim sit, to phip, taaita tta, cfing an, quin su, bii quan, bfli luit gia...
Nbu viy, tren co sft cae quy djtta eua Bd Chinb ttj vi Ban Bi tau vl ehflc ning, itaiem vy, quyin ban vi td chfle bfl miy eua Ban Npi ehinh ft trtmg upng vi dja phutmg, efi tai taiy nhiing co quan dam nMem vai ttfi cfla cflng tic nfli chmh ttong CO quan itai nude bao gdm: kilm sit, tda an, tu phip, taaita tra, cfing an, quin sy, bii quan... Va trong eic to chfle nghi nghifp ma boat dpng cfla nd Uln quan ttailu din linb vyc ndi chlnh, gdm efi: Hfii Luit gia va Lien doin Luit su.
Tren tavrc te, vifc xic djtta cie eo quan Nfli chiita ft tmng uong vi eic eo quan Nfii cbiita ft dja pbutmg ttong cac van ban cfla Dang khdng tadng itaat vfii nhau taeo mpt each cp bf tadng to trung uang din dja phuong. Bin carta dd, cich Miu, cich xic djnb CO quan nao li co quan Npi chlnb ft dia phuong trong ci nuoc ctmg khdng tafing nhat vdi itaau. Cd tai cM rd cic vin di niy nhu sau:
Tbeo Quylt dinb sd 159, cie eo quan
Ti»P CHl Q U A N Lt NHA NffdC - Sd 244 (5/2016)
THUATNGffHANHCHlNH
Ndi chlnh ft tnmg utmg bao gom: kilm sit, tda in, ta phap, taanh tta, eac ca quan ed cbiic ning to pbip ttong cdng an, quin dpi;
Hfii Luit gia vi Liin dnin Luit su Vif t Nam tai Quy djnb 183 vl cic ca quan Ndi cUnh ft dja phuang Iai cfi xu hufing mft rpng han dfii vfii cic CO quan Nfii chiita ttong eic ca quan INtai nuac. Cy tai li: Ngoai cic co quan nfii ehinh nbu d tmng uong gdm kilm sit, tfia in, to phap, taanh tta, ft dja phuong edn cd taim edng an, quin ddi m i khdng phai li "cic ca quan cd chiie ning to phip ttong cfing an, quin dpi" vi hii quan. Tuy itailn, dfii vfti cic co quan Ndi cbinh taufic vl cic tfi cbflc nghl ngMfp tM tai Quy djnb 183 lai cd xu hirdng tau hep bon so vdi Quylt dmh 159. Cu tai la, Quylt dtab 159 quy djnh co quan ndi chinh cua td chfle nghi nghifp m i boat dfing cfla nd Ufn quan itailu den linb vvrc ndi ehinh, gdm cd:
Hdi Luit gia va Lif n doan Luat su tai d Quy dmh 183 ehi ed Hfii Luat gia m i khfing efi doan Luit su cic tinh, tainh phd.
Ddi vdi cic dja phuang trong c i nudc tM each Mlu dl xic djrta coquanniolica quan nfii cMita cimg khfing tafing nhit.
Mfit sfi dia phuang xem boat dpng nfii cbiita li cfing viee efla cic co quan: kiim sit, tfia in, tu pbip, thaita tta, cfing an, quin sy (gdm ci Ivrc lugng biin phdng), hai quan, bfii luit gia, dgin Mat su. Mfit sd tUa phirong khae lal xac dmh co quan nfii ehinh gfim nMlu ea quan, ngoii cie co quan nhir iclim sit, tfia in, to pbip, taanh tra, cfing an, quin su, bii quan, bdi Mat gia, doin luit su cdn cd taim cac eo quan ttau: Chl cue kilm lam, Sft Ngoai vu, Sft Ndi vu, CM cyc Quan ly taj traflng. Ban Din tfie, Ban Quan ly cic ciia khiu... "'.
Theo chflng tfli, kbi xem xet eic boat dfing nfli cbiita tM chttag ta nen Mlu taeo ngMa rfing. Cfi ngMa li boat dfing eua eic
CO quan nfii cbinh vi ho?it dfing efla mfit sfi ca quan khic cd bin quan din Unh vvrc ndi cMnb. Cdn kM biiu ca quan nfii cbinh voi nfii bim khii mfm tM chiing ta nin Mlu taeo ngMa hep. Tile Ii, cM nhimg co quan taye Mfn itaiem vu nfii cbiita vi phai la mfit tMIt chl dfic lap (taeo each Mlu tafing tauftng phai l i ca quan efi tai khoin rifng vi con diu rifng). Trong kM dd bo^t dfing efla mdt sd eo quan cd iifin quan din Unh vyc ndi chlnb sl khdng dip ung dupc cac yfu ciu nay. NIn nd khdng dupe xem li co quan ndi chlnh.
VI viy, kM ndi vi eo quan ndi chmh, chung ta nfn tich bach tainh bai lo?l, eitag i i cich m i cie vin ban cfla Dang tai Mfn, gdm cfi:
Cic ca quan npi chi'nh ft trung uong, bao gdm: kilm sit, tda in, to phap, taanh tta, cic CO quan cd chfle nang to phip ttong cdng an, quin sy; Hdi Luit gia Vift Nam, Lifn dpin Luit su Vift Nam.
Cic eo quan nfii ehiita ft dja phutmg, bao gdm: kilm sit, tda an, tu pbip, taaita tra, cfing an, quin su, bii quan, ilfii Luit gia, Doin Luit su.
Nhu viy, cd tai Miu co quan ndi chlnb:
limit thiit chg tdchic boat dgng dgc lip, dagc trang bi ca sd vit chit phi hgp di bio dim cho hogt dgng, nhim thgc hign nhiim vu cbinh tri cua mgt Nha nudc do Dangchuih trilinh dao, Nha nudc, cic td chic chinb tri - xi hgi. ..vinhin din cung thtrc hiinC^
Cbi tbicb:
1. Thuat ngfl Hinh chlnh. Vien Nghien ciiu Khoa hgc Hinh chinh - Hgc vien Hinh chinh.
Ha Nfli, 2010, tt. 76.
2. Ti diin Tiing Viit phd tiidng H. NXB Phuong Dong, 2015.
3. 4,5. www.noichinh.vn/nghien-cuu-ttao- doi/201401.
TAP C H I Q U A N Lt NHA NffdC - Sd 244 (5/2016)