KINH TE
THUC DAY SAN XUAT VA TIEU THU NAM BAO NGlT:
THlTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP TAI TINH VINH LONG
» TRUONG TH! HOANG OANH - TRl/dNG HUYNH ANH - N G U Y I N TRUNG TIEN
TOM TAT:
Bai viet nham phan tich thifc trang s^n xua't va tieu thu na'm bao ngif (NBN) tren dia ban tinh VTnh Long, tiJ dd de xu3't mot sd giai phap day manh san xuat va lieu thu mat hang nay trong tu'dng lai. Kd^t qua nghien ciJu cho tha'y, quy mo san xua't NBN tuy cdn nhd le, nhu^g bp san xua'l NBN cd Idi nhuan. H6 thdng phSn pho'i chifa phat trien manh va lieu thu thdng qua 4 kenh chinh, trong do cd 2 kenh chu chot la kenh trifc tiep (chiem khoang 41,45%) va k6nh 1 cap (thdng qua ngu'di ban le tai chd tmyen thd'ng chil'm khoang 45,32%).
Kenh lieu thu NBN v§n dang cd nhilu khd khan, mac dii ket qua nghien ciJu da difdc chuyen giao de^n cac Sd nganh trong tinh, da du'dc iJng dung mot phln. Do vay, cac giai phap tiJ ket qua nghien cd'u nhif id chu'c san xuS'l den ket no'i ti6u thu can du'dc cdng bd' nham tang su'c anh hifdng giup phat tridn nganh hang NBN tai tinh VTnh Long.
Tuf khda: Nam b&o ngif, sdn xua't, tieu thu, dnh VTnh Long.
1. D^t van de
San pham na'm an va na'm dddc lieu la san pham dif bj ddng hang thd ba trong cac san pham nong nghiSp sau san pham lua gao va ca da trdn. O Ddng bang song Cii'u Long (DBSCL), cac phong trao trdng na'm bao ngu' (NBN) da va dang thifc hien nhu' giai phap trong dinh hu'dng phat triln kinh tendng nghiep do thi sach, ben viJng. Tai VTnh Long, sau 10 nam chuyen doi tiJ mo hinh cu chifa hieu qua, cac bp san xua't na'm bao ngif (HSX NBN) difdc khuye'n khich ap dung theo mo hinh mdi - phdi nam cha't thanh hang tren ke hoac treo len.
Na'm bao ngif dupe phat trien trdng d cac dia phifdng trong Tinh, nhurVung Liem, Tam Binh, TP.
VTnh Long, nhifng dd'i mat vdi vi$c canh tac tuy hifng, san pham lieu thu khdng dn djnh. Va'n de dat ra la lam the nao de day manh vi6c trdng na'm lau dai, qua trinh tieu thu dndinh, trd thanh nganh ban" mdi ddng gdp vao mo hinh do thi sach, bin
vifng, difpc nhilu ho ndng dan, hdp tac xa, chinh quyen cac ca'p nganh ndng nghiep linh Vinh Long quan tam. Chinh vi vay, nghign ciJu da thiJc hien danh gia Ihifc trang sdn xua't va tieu thu, du'a ra mdt so giai phap day manh ca san xua'l va tieu thu NBN, gdp phan phat tridn kjnh te tinh Vinh Long.
2. Phrfdng phap nghiSn cihi
So' lieu trinh bay trong nghien ciJu ddPc long hop tii cac bao cao, so' lieu tho'ng ke va ket qud khdo satvao thdi didm nam 2016, vdi tdng the 31 ho san xuat, hdp tac xa trdng NBN (31 HSX NBN) tai cac dia phu'dng: Vung Liem, TP. Vinh Long, Tam Binh, Long Ho va Binh Minh. Nghien cdu da phdng va'n 14 Ihddng lai cd boat dpng mua ban Ihddng xuy6n, trong dd cd 8 ban le, 2 ban budn va 4 thu gom. Khong phdng va'n cd sd che bien do khdng cd cd .sd che bie'n nao thu mua NBN tren dia ban nghien cifu. Ngoai ra, nghien cdu cdn thu thap thong tin, tham va'n y kien lit 5 chuyen gia cd cac
So 5 - T h a n g 3/2020 55
nghien clfu lien quan de^n san xuat, che bien, tieu thu rau hay na'm khdc trSn dia ban tiong yh ngoai dnh, nham dam bdo dp tin cay tiong danh gia, d l xua'l trong qua trinh nghien ciJu. Cac phifdng phap thd'ng ke md ta, phan tich so sanh la nhu'ng phu'dng phap chu yeu difdc su' dung trong nghien cdu.
Khoang thdi gian chuyen giao nghien ciJu nay tif cudi 2017 den nay, tinh hinh san xuS't NBN lai Vinh Long da cd nhu'ng bifdc phat trien, nhu'ng chifa dang ke.
3. Ke't qua nghien cu'u
3.1. ThUc trang sdn xud't NBN tai tinh Vinh Long
Ket qud khdo sat cho tha'y, da phan quy md trdng NBN ra'l nhd vdi HSX cd 1 nha nam (80,2%), trong dd cao nha't cd HSX cd 7 nha na'm, vdi di6n tich trung binh cua moi nha na'm la 50 m- va dang cd hien lifpng phan ci/c ra't cao ve quy mo vi cd ho trdng cao nha't len den 70.000 phdi va hd chi trdng 400 phdi va difdi 1.000 phdi. Theo khao sal, cd 9 HSX (chiem 29%) quyet dinh se md rpng nha na'm trong thdi gian tdi, chi cd 2 HSX quyet dinh gidm dien tich trdng (6,4%). Da phan hd san xua't chi trdng 1 ddt/nam (chiem ty le 61,3%) vdi thdi gian trdng trung binh mot ddt keo dai 167 ngay, tifdng difdng hpn 5,6 thang.
Cd 3 loai na'm du'dc chpn trdng tai VTnh Long gdm NBN trang, NBN nhat va NBN xam, trong dd NBN xam du'dc Ida chpn trdng nhieu nha't (93,6%) do loai nam de trdng va nang sua't cao hon cac loai cdn lai. Nguon phdi gid'ng de trdng chu yeu difdc la'y ttf Trung tam Cng dung tidn bp Khoa hoc cong ngh^ tinh VTnh Long nghien clfu va cung ca'p (chiem 58,1%), mua phdigid'nglai tif cachp trdng khac (22,6%), tif sdn xua't phdi va la'y nguon phdi
do de trdng (9,7%), lay phdi c6 ngudn go>: t^f Cu Chi, Ddng Nai (9,7%). , , -
Muc dich trdng NBN cua ho chu >eu la '^^i thien Ihu nblp (61,3%). Mdi ho trdn,v na'm ^e cd nhieu each de tiep can cac ngudn kinh it- ky thuat khac nhau gdm tap hua'n (71%), di iriam quan hpc hoi cac md hinh trong NBN khac (29%), trao doi kinh nghiem cua cac bp ndng dan trdng na'm khac trong dia phifPng (25,8%), thdng tin ttf Internet (16,1%), kmh nghiem (16,1%), doc sach bao (6,5%), va chu'a cd nhilu thdng tin khdng tif tivi hay dai phat thanh.
MiJc dau td vao san xua't NBN cQng khong cao, tmng binh la 43,6 trieu ddng/nha na'm 50m2 vi chii ydu hd tan dung thdi gian nhSn rdi. Ty- le lhu6 lao dpng thu'dng xuyen va thdi vu la trifdng hdp trdng cd quy mo tren 50.000 phdi. So Ian thu hoach tr6n phdi na'm dao dpng trung binh difdc 10 I^n/phoi, Nang sua't tmng binh dat 340gr/ph6i.
Ket qua khdo sat Bdng 1 cho tha'y, khi tinh tren quy md 1.000 tui phdi, tdng chi phi trung binh khodng tren 7 trieu ddng/dpt trdng. Trong trdng NBN, HSX phai td'n chi phi mua phdi va xdy nh^
na'm la nhieu nha't (Ian lifdt la 76%, va 18,86%).
Cac chi phi khac khong dang ke nhu" chi phi mua may mdc thiet bi phuc vu tifdi tieu (chi 1%), chi phi tra lai vay (1,39%), dien nifdc va giao dich dien thoai (1,88%).
Do quy md dau tu' trdng nhd nen hau h6't HSX NBN dUPc khao sat deu siJ dung vd'n tu' cd, tan dung difdc cac vat dung cd sSn tai nha nhif chudng trai cii, mai che cu, hoac xay diXng chi ban kien cd'.
Bdng 2 cho tbS'y, cac chi so' phan anh hieu qua trdng na'm la kha id^t. Nang sua't trung binh moi HSX Ihu hoach dtipc 0,34kg/ph6i/ddt trdng, gid
Bang 1. Chi phi san xuat NBN tinh tren 1.000 ptiol
STT 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
len chi phi Khau hao xay dung nha nam Khau hao may moc Chi phi phoi va van chuyen Chi phi tra iai vay Chi phi thue iao dong Chi phi khac
Tong chi phi
Gia tr|/1.000 phdi (Ngan dong) 1.356,11
72,22 5.468,96
100,16 56,44 135,43 7.189,33
1ytn?ng(%) 18,86
1,00 76,07
1,39 0,79 1,88
100,00 Ngudn: Ket qud khdo xdt, 2016
5 6 So 5 - T h a n g 3/2020
KINH TE
thanh 1 kg na'm la 26,51 ngan ddng, gid ban trung binh 1 kg nam la 35,98 ngSn ddng/kg, Nhu'vSy, Idi nhuan khdng tinh chi phi lao dpng gia dinh la 9,47 ngan dong/kg. Doanh Ihu tmng binh/1.000 phoi cua mdi HSX dat 12,58 tridu ddng/dpt, chi phi trung binh/I.OOO phoi la 7,2 trieu ddng, Idi nhuan tmng binh/1.000 phdi cua mdi HSX la 5,39 trieu ddng.
Nhif vay, viec trdng NBN la cd Idi nhudn.
Bang 2. Hi#u qua tai chinh cue HSX NBN tqi tinh VTnh Long tinh tren 1.000 phoi
STT 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chi tieu hl$u qua tai chinh Nang suat/ddt Gia thanh Gia ban trung binh Doanh thu/1.000 phdi Tdng chi phi Lpi nhuSn Ldi nhuan/Chi phi LOi nhuan/Doanh thu
Ddn v| tinh Kg/phoi/ddt Ngan dong/kg Ngan ddng/kg Ngan ddng Ngan dong Ngan dong
lan lan
Gia tri 0,34 26,51 35,98 12.583,16 7.189,33 5.393,83 0,75 0,43 Nguon: Ke't qud khdo sdl, 2016
3.2. Thifc trang kenh tieu thu NBN tqi tinh Vinh Long
Ke't qua khao sat cac bp sdn xua't, hpp tac xa theo dd xac dmh difdc cd 4 kenh tidu thu NBN,
trong dd cd sif phan tan lieu thu ben trong kenh thd 3, manh mlin tren dia ban tinh hien nay.
Kenh phan phd'i NBN van chifa phat trien manh.
Thi trifdng d^u ra NBN cua chi tap trung vao kenh trdc tie'p va thdng qua thifdng lai ban le, chifa cd nhilu thu'dng lai thu gom (6,46%). Phan Idn ban NBN trtfc tie^p tai nha hay ra chd gan dia phifdng ban (chidm 41,45%) vi sir thuan lien, hay bdn cho cac md'i quen tai nha hay chd dia phu'dng.
Theo khao sat, thifdng lai Ihu gom chiem ty 16 nho va chu'a phat trien vi: (1) HSX khdng thich bdn cho thifdng lai vi gia ban ch6nh lech khoang 3.800 d/kg den 7.000 d/kg so vdi gia ban le; (2) HSX cd quy md trdng difdi 5.000 tiii phoi/dpt trdng, khdng du cung cd'p lu'dng NBN thu'dng pha'm dn dinh cho thifdng Idi theo dinh ky. Chifa cd doanh nghiep che bien NBN tren dia ban dnh VTnh Long. Tuy nhien, thu'dng lai thu gom ddng vai trd nhu"
vifa de mua vdi sd' lifdng Idn, ban NBN cho cac thi tru'dng lan c$n linh Vinh Long (nhif Bdn Tre, chd Ldn TP. Hd Chi Minh) trong I den 2 ngay.
Na'm bao ngtfd tinh Vinh Long difdc van hanh tieu thu qua 4 kenh thi trifdng chinh (Hinh 1), bao gdm:
Hinh 1. Mo hinh kenh tieu thu NBN tren dia ban tinh Vinh Long
41,45%
3,88% / 2,04%
Ban le
Ban buon Thuorng lai
thu gom
Nha hang, quan an
So 5 - T h d n g 3/2020 57
(1) KSnh 1: HSX-> Ngifcfi tieu dung. Day la kenh trifc tie'o, kenh tieu thu mot phan kha Idn NBN tUdi cua loan he tho'ng lieu thu (41,5%). Sau khi Ihu hoach, HSX dem tri/c tiep NBN ra chd tai dia phifdng (gan nha nen chi phi van chuyen khdng dang ke) hay ngu'di dan dia phifPng den nha mua vdi gia ban le cao nhd't. Kenh nay phdn anh da phan la nhiJug ho trdng NBN vdi quy md ra't nhd.
(2) Kenh 2: HSX -> Ban le -> Ngi/di ti^u dOng: Phan Idn HSX ban cho ngifdi ban le 6 chd dia phu'dng (chiem 45,32%). Ngoai ra, ngifdi ban le cdn mua NBN lif thu'dng lai thu gom (3,88%) va thu'dng lai difdng dai (2,04%) Sau dd, Ngu'di ban le tai chp dia phuTdng ban cho ngifdi tieu diing chu yeu la d dia phu'dng (chiem 52,24%).
(3) K6nh 3: HSX -)• Thrfdng lai thu gom -*•
Ban buon —> Ban le -¥ Ngifdi tieu diing: Sau khi thu hoach, cd mot phan NBN ciia HSX NBN du'dc bdn cho thifdng lai thu gom (chidm 6,46%).
Thifdng lai thu gom sau khi mua cua HSX NBN se ban cho do'i tu'dng ban budn la 2,07% va ban cho ngu'di ban le la 3,88%, ciing cd ban cho ngu'di tieu diing va nha hang - qudn an nhifng ty le khdng dang ke (Ian Iifdt 0,19% va 0,32%).
(4) Kenh 4; HSX -> Nha hang va Quan an ->
Ngtfm tieu diing: Chi cd 6.77% NBN cua HSX va 0,32% NBN dufpc thifdng lai thu gom ban cho nha hang, quan an trong tinh (chu yeu tap trung tai TP.
VTnh Long) de che' bie'n cac mdn an tif NBN. Day la kenh NBN tao ra gia tri gia tang cao nha't.
Thdc le nay cho tha'y, kenh tieu thu NBN con ra't sd khai, sif ddng gdp chu yeu tif hai kenh thi tru'dng gdm kenh 1 va kenh 2 trong lieu thu khd'i lifdng Idn san lifdng NBN tu'di tai chd dia phu'dng (chiem 92,69%). Trong khi dd, kenh 3 va kenh 4 (chi chiem 7,31%) la kenh tao ra cdc san pham mang gid tri gia tang lai chidm vai tru it quan trpng hPn. Ben canh do, theo ket qua khao sdt, cd den 7 nhan to' tao ra rao can trong viec tieu thu NBN bao gdm;
(1) K6nh phan phd'i con ngheo nan, chu'a tao difdc chudi gia tri tif san xua't ddn lieu diing, it thu'dng lai thu gom, giai phap tiJc thdi cua HSX la ban triJc tiep cho ngu'di tieu diing;
(2) Bien dong nhu cau tieu thu theo Id let, sif ki^n vi NBN chu'a du'dc xem nhif mdn rau hang
(3) Hoat dpng quang ba cdn ddn gian qua viec tmyen miSng, tang na'm diing thu" cho ngifdi quen tai chd hay trong ciing dia phifdng va gidi thieu triJc tiep NBN difdc che bien nhiJng mdn an gi va che bien nhif the nao;
(4) Da phan NBN cua HSX chifa cd thifdng hieu, chu'a dan nhan hang san pham;
(5) San pha'm chifa ddng deu ve quy each, chS't lu'dng NBN chifa dn dinh, dac biet la kenh 4 ra't chu trpng - yeu to' nay de cao dp tu'dng ddng trong kich cd cac tai na'm va dd am cua chan na'm lien quan den vi cha't va dinh difdng cua nS'm;
(6) Dilu kien bao quan kem la nhan td gay ra ap life lieu thu NBN vi viec bdo qudn sau thu hoach chda dung each gay ra miii khd chiu;
(7) Gia cd la yeu to' cd rao cdn tha'p hdn trong 7 yeu to' cua qua trinh lieu thu NBN. Thifc te, gia NBN ban trifc tiep cho ngu'di tieu diing cao ga'p 1,5 ldn gia trung binh ban cho thifdng lai.
Nhin d khia canh cac nhan to' anh hifdng den boat dpng tieu thu, nghien cu'u da chi ra: Uy tin cua ngu'di thu mua, Can dong chinh xac cua ngifdi ban, sif thuan tien trong ban NBN. ihanh todn tien mat ngay va nhanh chdng, quen biet trddc la nhffng yeu td dnh hifdng qua trinh mua ban NBN. Dieu nay cho tha'y cd sif ban che vl tiep can thdng tin thi irUdng til ngifdi san xua't NBN. Nguyen nhan chu quan xua't phat tff nhan thffc cua HSX dat tieu chi thuan tien ve mat dia ly cung nhff sif quen biet lam lieu chi chinh khi tieu thu, da bd qua nhu'ng thi trifdng tiem nang.
4. D l xua't mot s6' giai phap 4.1. Nhdm gidiphdp t6chdc sdn xud't To chffc san xua't tnfdc bdt can quan tam den viec dieu chinh san xua't NBN cua HSX hien nay de dam bao nang cao ngudn Iffc san xuS't, nang sud't va cha't lifdng san pham.
Thd nhdt, trang bi day du kidn thffc ve ky thuat trdng va cham sdc na'm. Sd Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thdn tinh VTnh Long va ddn vi trffc thupc ciing Trung tam Cng dung tien bp Khoa hpc va Cong nghe VTnh Long thupc Sd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe dnh VTnh Long, va chinh quyen d dia phffdng trdng NBN c^n phdi hpp thffc hien k*- ,;\ g'n khich, tuyen truyen, tao didu kien hdn niJa cho HSX can lang cu'dng tham quan thUc te tro: - ^.^
ngoai tinh de hpc hdi cac mo hinh trdng nam ni
58 So 5-Thong 3/2020
KINH TE
kinh nghiem khac; Cap nhat kien thffc ky thuat trong na'm ngoai kien thffc da dffdc tap hua'n, tuSn thu dung quy trinh ky thuat trdng va thu hoach de dat nang sua't cao.
Thd hai, kidm soat qua trinh thu hoach nam hieu qua: Trong khau thu hoach nam, ho can kiem soat va rut ngdn thdi gian thu hoach nam trung binh 8 lan tffdng dffdng thdi gian trdng na'm khodng 4 thang, thay vi 10 lan tffdng dffdng gan 5,5 thang de tranh tinh trang "tan thu" khdng hieu qua nhff hien nay. Nhff the, hd se xoay vong vo'n nhanh hdn va tang ddt tff 1,5 iin len 2-3 Un trdng na'm trong nam de cd Iffdng na'm tieu thu dffdc dn dinh dap ffng nhu cau lieu thu cdc kdnh thi trffdng ldn hdn.
Thdba, dam bao chS't Iffdng nd'm sau thu hoach.
Trung tam 0*ng dung Tien bo Khoa hpc va Cong nghe VTnh Long va Sd Nong nghigp, Hoi Ndng dan, Hpi Nghe na'm can phdi hdp phd bien va khuyg'n khich dau tff ky thuat bdo quan sau Ihu hoach cho NBN tffdi trong ngan ban ddn NBN sd ch6'trong 6 thang cho cac tac nhSn trong kenh phdn phdi gdm HSX, tiiifOng Idi, cp sd che bien NBN. Ky thudt bao qudn ngan ban (to'i da trong mot tuan) cho san pham tffdi gdm lam lanh (Cooling and refrigeration), ddng gdi hut chan khong (Vacuum- cooling), Ice-bank cooting. Irradiation, ddng gdi va van chuyen. Ky thudt bao quan trong ddi ban gdm dong hop (canning), sa'y kho (drying) va ngam (steeping and pickling).
Ve muc tieu lau dai, td chffc san xua't bao gdm cac giai phap tff td chffc chinh sach den thffc hj6n san xud't NBN nhif quy hoach tdng thd nganh na'm va xay dffng chffdng trinh phat trien NBN den nam 2030 de ddm bao nganh na'm phdt trien phii hdp vdi tinh hinh cua tinh Vinh Long.
De gia tang tinh canh tranh va tham gia vao san xua't ldn, ddng thdi hffdng ddn viec xdy dffng thffdng hieu NBN VTnh Long, tiep can dffdc cac sieu thi, trung tam thffdng mai, va cac thi trifdng khd tinh trong tffdng lai, tinh VTnh Long can thffc hien xdy dffng bo sung quy hoach tong hdp phat trien nganh NBN thanh giai doan va cd tam nhin de'n 2035 vao quy hoach phdt trien nong nghiep va cong nghiep chd biS'n ctia tinh VTnh Long. Quy hoach nay mang tinh cha't tdng hdp, bao gdm ca quy hoach vung trdng na'm (thudc linh vffc ndng
nghiep), va quy hoach nganh che bid^n cac san ph^m na'm (thupc Iinh vffc cong nghifip chd' bien) tren dia ban tinh Vinh Long.
4.2. Nhom gidiphdp ke't not tieu thu Thd nhdt, can nang cao kha nang tiep can thdng tin thi trffdng cho HSX NBN, cu the Id tiep tuc tdn dung kenh nam bat thdng tm thi tru'dng iff thu'dng idi trong va ngoai tinh, thdng tin tff ngifdi quen biet va HSX NBN khac cilng dia phffdng. Ngoai ra, can cd sff tham gia cung ca'p thdng tin ky thuat va thi trffdng NBN tff cd quan bao dai va cd quan nganh.
Ben canh dd, HSX NBN can da dang hdn trong each thffc lien he d khdu tiSu thu.
Ngoai viec nhan goi bang dien thoai vd lien he theo chu ky sdn xud't vd tieu thu NBN, HSX can chu dpng lim kie^m md rpng them cac md'i quan he mdi d cdc chd Idn, kenh tieu thu hiSn dai nhff cffa hang tien ldi, sieu Ihi rau sach, siSu thi Idn phu hdp vdi nang life va quy md canh tdc cua hd. Ngoai ra, HSX cdn thay ddi dan quan diem la
"dl cao sff thuan tien va thanh toan tien mat ngay " trong giao thffdng vi quan diem nay chi phii hdp vdi giao thffdng d cac chd va quy mo nhd le.
Vdi md hinh giao thffdng hi6n dai, HSX can uy tin Irong Ihffc hien hdp dong vdi so' Iffdng Idn va cung ca'p dn dinh.
Thd hai, ve mat lau dai, can thffc hifin giai phdp hoan thien he tho'ng phan phd'i va md rpng thi trffdng. Qua ket qua phdn tich nhffng ffu diem va nhffdc diem cua kenh phan pho'i hien tai, de nang cao ket nd'i tieu thu, cd the thffc hien theo mo hinh nhff Hinh 2.
Tru'dc bet, Kenh 1 v§n phai duy tri khai thac met dd kenh tieu thu tmyin thdng bang cac giai phap xuc tien thffdng mai de ngu'di tieu dung nhan biet ldi ich va tieu dung nhieu hdn tai cac chd dau md'i, chd Idn trong huyen, tinh thay vi chd lang/xdm. Trong thdi gian tdi, hinh thanh cdc kenh tieu thu 2, 3, va 4 dd vffa nang cao dffpc quy mo san xua't va tieu Ihu vffa gia tang gid tri cho san pham NBN. Thdng qua viec ndng cao vai Ird va Iffdng tac nhdn thffdng mai gdm thu'dng Idi, cd sd che bien d cac kenh ddi bang cac bien phap loai bd bdt mot tac nhan Id ban budn (mua cua thffdng Idi va ban lai cho ban le hay ban cho ngifdi tieu dung cuo'i cung) trong kenh tieu thu dang ton tai vi se day gid ban len cao khong cdn thiet.
So 5-Thang 3/2020 59
Hinh 2: Kenh tieu thu san pham NBN de xua't tgi Vinh Long
Ho san xuat.
Hop tac xa
(1)
(2)
(3)
. 1 4 ) .
Ngudn: Nhdm nghien cdu di xuat
Hinh thdnh cac cd sd/doanh nghiSp che bien cdc san ph^mNBNddi vdi cdc cdsd che bien na'm hien tai (nha bdng, cd sd kinh doanh na'm) hay day manh khdi nghiep trong ITnh vffc chd bien NBN nhffcdc mdn an nhanh, ddn gian, ddng gdi nguyen lieu mdn an lieu diing trong ngay den viec ch6' bien bpl nem, NBN ddng hop,... nham lang gid tn cua san pham NBN, phuc vu nhu cau tieu diing hien dai. Trong cac kenh dai, kenh ffu tien nha't Id kenh 2 nham thuc da'y tieu dung na'm sach; ffu tien tie'p theo Id kenh 3 nham thuc day lien kel giffa HSX NBN, thffdng ldi va c(3 sd/doanh nghiep ch6' bien; ffu tien kenh 4 de thuc day ket nd'i giifa HSX NBN va CO sd/ doanh nghiep chd bien.
Trong qud trinh hinh thanh kenh tieu thu ddi, can chu y cac ket nd'i cua cac tac nhan nhff sau:
- Ke't nd'i trong qua trinh san xu3't NBN:
Thanh lap td hpp tdc hay hpp tac xa NBN sdm de hinh thanh hinh thffc hen kel cac HSX NBN lai vdi nhau.
- Ke't no'i trong boat dpng tieu thu: Sau khi da thanh lap hdp tac xa hay td hdp lac thi kha nang dam phdn vdi ngffdi mua bang hpp ddng so'lu'dng
Idn lang len gdp phan hinh thdnh vi$c mua ban chuyen nghiep va Idu ddi. Tff hdp tac xa, va to hdp tac, cP sd sdn xud't NBN xay dffng thffdng hieu ban cho cac he thd'ng ban hien dai trong tinh va cac cffa hang tien ldi khac va d cac thanh pho' ldn 6 cac dnh lan can va TP. Ho Chi Minh.
- Kg't nd'i gii7a cac tac nhan thu gom va thffdng mai: Hien tai, cac lac nhdn thu gom vd thUPng mai hau nhu* khong cd sff hen bet hay ho trd Ian nhau trong qua trinh kinh doanh, tham chi khdng he biet thdng tin gi ve nhau. Ndu tao dffdc sff ket nd'i nay se lao ra mang ludi lien kdt h5 trp giffa thu gom vd thu gom, giffa thu gom vd kinh doanh de tan dung vi tri dia ly cung nhff nghiep vu mua ban ngdy cang chuyen nghiep.
Cdc thffdng nhan mdi dia phffdng cd the lien ket vdi nhau hoac vdi cdc cd sd/doanh nghiep che bien. Chang ban nhff thffdng ldi TP VTnh Long, ngoai viec thu mua cua cac buy; Vung Liem, Tam Binh, Tra On va TP. Vn,.-, .j^g, hp cd the tan dung phffdng tien vdn chuyc; ro sSn chd hang sang cdc tinh nhff Dong Thdp. i. ^^
TP. Hd Chi Minh.
60 So 5-Thang 3/2020
KINHTE
- Ke't noi giffa HSX NBN vdi thfftfng lai thu gom: De cd ngudn cung ffng td't, thffdng ldi can chu dpng tim kiem va lien he vdi HSX de thiet lap md'i quan he Idu dai. Dong thdi, thffdng lai cung can phdi thudng lifPng, dffa ra mffc gia cd hdp ly de tao mdi quan he kinh doanh Idu dai.
- Ke't no'i giffa HSX NBN va cd sd kinh doanh - chd bie'n: HSX can chu dpng trong viec tim kiem, gidi thieu vd tao md'i quan he vdi cdc cd s6 chd bien tren dia bdn dnh nhff nha hdng, khach san va quan an Idn, he thd'ng cffa hdng biSn dai trong va ngodi tinh (cac chudi sieu thi Idn, nho).
Ket qua cua nghien cffu nay da dffdc chuyen giao cho Trung tam T?ng dung tien bp Khoa hpc vd Cong nghe VTnh Long, cdc Sd ngdnh cd lien quan trong tinh VTnh Long tidp thu, thuc day trong san xud't va tieu thu NBN tai VTnh Long.
Tinh de'n thdi diem thang 12/2019, theo khdo sat va ddnh gia cua Trung tdm Ung dung tien bp Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe VTnh Long, quy md trdng NBN cua mdi HSX da tang ISn ga'p 2 Ian so vdi ndm 2016, trung binh dat 10.000 phdi/HSX.
Nhffng HSX cd quy md ldn cdn thffc hien ddng thdi viec tff nghien cffu phat tnen phoi dd phdn phd'i cho cac HSX khdc, vffa thu mua NBN nguyen lieu de tieu thu d cdc thi trffdng Idn, xa hdn. Kenh tieu thu trffc tie'p tai chd dia phffdng giam dan. Chinh vi vay, kenh tieu thu so'3 trong
nghien cffu da din hinh thanh, gdp phan giup h€
thd'ng tieu thu NBN Irong tinh Vinh Long da dang va hieu qua hdn.
6. Kdt lu^n
Phdt trien nganh hang NBN la mot trong nhffng giai phap quan trpng ddng gdp vdo phat tnen nganh trdng trpt an loan, da dang vd ben vffng lai linh VTnh Long. Hoat dpng san xud't NBN cdn nhd vd he thdng tieu thu cdn trong giai doan sd khai, NBN tieu thu dffdi dang na'm lu'di, chffa hinh thanh chudi gia tri gia tdng.
Cac gidi phdp day manh san xud't can lam lot tff khau td chffc san xua't nham tang so' Iffdng HSX NBN, nang cao cha't Iffdng NBN den khau sau thu hoach. Cac giai phap chu yeu ddy manh lieu thu gdm ndng cao khd nang tiep can thdng tin thi trffdng cho HSX NBN; hodn thien va md rpng he thd'ng kenh phdn phd'i NBN tren dia ban tinh VTnh Long.
Ke'l qua nghien cffu dffdc chuydn giao vd da phdn ndo du'dc dp dung trong ca khdu san xua't va tidu thu, nhUng kdt qua mang lai chffa dang ke. Chinh vi vay, viec cong bd' kdt qua nghien cffu Id mpi giai phap td't nham giup tang mffc anh hffdng, sff quan Idm hdn nffa cua cac cd quan lien quan, nham thuc day nhanh hdn viec ffng dung kdt qua de tai vd tang sffc anh hffdng cua kdt qua nghien cffu •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
[1J Phan Vdn Hda, & Thien, Nguyin Viit (2011). Hieu qud kinh ti'sdn xud't ndm r(md Phu Luang. Phu Vang, Thita Thien Hue. Tap chi Khoa hoc Dgi hgcHui'. 68(2011), 53-59
12j Nguyin Duy Trinh. (2014). "Phdt trien nganh hdng ndm dn d Dong bdng sdng Hong". Hoc vien Ndng nghiep Viel Nam. Hd Noi.
[3J Nguyen Hdu Ddng (2015). Nghien ctiu tuyen chon ndng cao chd'l luang vd dng dung sdn xud't cdc gidng ndm dn vd nd'm dUOc lieu tren dia bdn linh Vinh Long. Trung lam ifng dung lien bo Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Vinh Long - Sd Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghe Vinh Long. Cdp nhdt thdng 12/2019.
[41 Nguyin NhuHien, Pham Vdn Du(2013). ThUc trang vd gidi phdp phdl tnen sdn xud't nd'm lai cdc tinh phia Nam.
Dic'n ddn khuye'n ndng @ Ndng nghiep ldn thd 14, Dong Thdp.
[5] Dhar. BL, & Singh, M. (2014). Changing Global Scenerio In Mushroom Industry. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 8th Inlemational Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (1CMBMP8).
[6] Haimid, Mohd Tarmizi. Rahim. Hoirazi, & Dardak, Rozhan Abu. (2013). Understanding the mushroom industry and its marketing strategies for fresh produce in Malaysia. Economic and Technology Management Review. 8, 27-37
So 5-Thong 3/2020 61
[7] Marlinez-Carrera, D, Nava, D. Sobal. M, Bonilla. M. & Mayelt, Y. (2005). Marketing channels fo' K'dd and culltvated edible mushrooms in developing countries: the case of Mexico. Micologia Aplicada Inicmaitonal.
17(2), 9-20.
Ngay nh&n bai: 17/2/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va su'a chffa: 27/2/2020 Ngay chap nh^n dang bai: 6/3/2020 Thong tin idcgid
NCS. ThS. T R U O N G THI HOANG OANH
Phd trtfflfng Khoa Quan tri, PhSn hi$u Trffdng Dai hoc Kinh td TP. Ho Chi Mmh tai Vinh Long ThS. TRI/0NG HUYNH ANH
Khoa Quan tri, Phan hi^u Trffcfng Dai hpc Kinh t e T P . Hd Chi Minh tai VTnh Long ThS. NGUYfeN TRUNG TIEN
Khoa Quan t n , Phan hidu Trffofng Dai hpc Kinh td'TP. Ho Clu Minh tai VTnh Long
PROMOTING THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF ABALONE MUSHROOM IN VINH LONG PROVINCE
• Ph.D's student. Master. TRUONG THI HOANG OANH Assistant Dean, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City - Vinh Long Campus
• Moster, TRUONG HUYNH ANH Faculty of Business Administration,
University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City - Vinh Long Campus
• Master. NGUYEN TRUNG TIEN Faculty of Business Administration,
University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City - Vinh Long Campus ABSTRACT:
This research is to analyze the current situation of abalone mushroom production and consumption in Vinh Long province, thereby proposing some solutions to promote the production and consumption of this product in the future. The research's results show that althoughl the production scale of abalone mushroom is small, it is profitable. The distribution system has not yet developed strongly and the mushrooom is mainly consumed through 4 channels including 2 key channels, namely duect channel (41.45%) and l-Ievel channel (via retailers in traditional markets 45.32%). The consumption via NBN channel has faced many difficulties. This research is expected to boost the consumption of abalone mushroom via the NBN channel in Vu . ;i,, province.
Keywords: Abalone mushrooms, production, consumption, Vinh Long province.
62 So 5 - T h d n g 3/2020
