TRAOOdl
Thuc trang cua quan ly nha nirac ve van tai hang hoa bang 6 to a Viet Nam
I ThS. NGUYEN X U A N N G U Y 6 N - TrUdng Dgi hgc Giao thdng van tdi
TOM TAT: Phan tich thuc trang he quan ly nha nuoc trong ITnh vuc GTVT 6 Vipt Nam de chi ra nhung uu diem va hgn che trong hogt dpng quan ly nha nuoc ve vgn tai hang hoa b§ng 6 to d Viet Nam.
T u KHOA: Quan ly nha nuoc ve van t l i hang hoa bang 6 to,
ABSTRACT: Analyze the state management system in the transportation sector in Vietnam to show the advantages and limitations of state management of cargo transportation by automobiles in Vietnam KEYWORDS: State management of cargo transportation by automobiles in Vietnam.
I.DATVAND^
Trong 10 nam qua, luong phuong tien van t l i hang hoa tang nhanh, tdc dp tang binh quan 13.5% ve so lugng phuang tien va tang 15% ve tan phuong lien.
Thuc hien Luat Doanh nghiep, lUc lugng van tai hang hoa phat tnen rat manh me, so lugng phuong tien vUcft q u i nhu cau van chuyen da tao nen tinh trang canh tranh thieu lanh manh. Ddng thdi, viec thieu cac kenh thong tin, giao tiep glQa elc chii phuong tien vdi elc khach hang nen cac don vi nho le thadng khong ky duoe hgp dong van t l i hang hoa true tiep vdi cac ehu hang ma p h l i thong qua khau trung gian dan den mat bang gia cudc van t l i thadng xuyen bien dong, tinh trang vi pham cac quy djnh p h i p luat, ve TTATGT, die biet la hien tugng chd qua tai gap nhieu lan so vdi t l i trgng quy dinh dien ra khi pho bien.
2.GlArQUYETVANDE 2.1. Hoat dong van tai hang hoa
Viec thae hien Nghi djnh so 86/2014/ND-CP da gdp phan tang cUdng quan ly hoat dpng van t l i hang hoa, kiem soat tai trgng phuong tien, gop phan giam TNGT do doi tugng nay gay nen. Theo lg trinh cua Nghi dinh 86/2014/ND-CP den nay cac dja phuong da to chUe cap gil'y phep eho elc don vi sddung phuong tien kinh doanh van tai hang hoa co trong tai thiet ke tren 3.5 tan, trong thdi gian tdi se tiep tuc cap cho cic doi tUOng con lai.
Ty le xe chay co hang hai chieu dat t l le thap, binh quan dat khoang 45 - 55%. Ve trien khai cong tac kiem soat t l i trgng: Cong tac kiem soat t l i trgng phuong tien trong thdi gian qua da dugc trien khai dong bo cac g i l l phap (xay dang van ban QPPL, ke hoaeh phoi hgp lien nganh, quy trinh van hanh va b i o tri tram kiem soat t l i trgng xe lUu dong...); dong loat trien khai tram kiem soat t l i trgng xe tren dudng bg e l nude.
Bang 2.1. Sin lupng van ehuyen hang hda theo cic phuong thik Don VI: Nghin tan
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Ket q u i thong ke cho thay, t^ trong van t l i dadng bg chiem ty le qua cao. Nam 2017, van t l i dudng bg chiem 75.7% so vdi eae phuong thde van t l i , gay mat can doi giCra cac phuong thde van t l i . Nguyen nhan do van t l i dudng bg dage xa hgi hda manh me, dau ta phuong tien de dang, ehi phi dau ta thap so vdi cac phuang thUc khac
2.2. Ket cau ha tang di/ong bp
Ket cau ha tang dudng bg luon dugc Uu tien dau t u so vdi cac linh vUe khic, nhUng nam qua da hoan thanh duoe nhieu daan ha tang dUdng bo Idn nhU: DUan nang cap, md rong va dUa vao khai thIe toan tuyen dadng Ho Chi Minh qua Tay Nguyen, co b i n hoan thanh nang cap, md rong QLl t d Thanh Hoa den Can Tho, hoan thanh cau Nhat Tan, dUdng cao toe Ngi Bai - Nhat Tan, dadng cao toe TP Ho Chi Minh - Long Thanh - Dau Giay, dadng eao tdc Ha Ngi - H l i Phong, cau Nam Can, cau Co Chien, cau HacTri, cau My Lgi. Ben canh do, viec p h i t trien giao thong nong thon va cac da an xay dung eau treo dan sinh cung dugc quan tam dau tu.
140
T R A O O d l ^ _ _
He thong giao thong dudng bp nhin chung da co nhUng budc phat trien quan trong, dap Ung ngay cang tot hon yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nudc, dong thai la dong luc true tiep thuc day su phat trien ciia lUc luong van tai dudng bg trong thdi thdi gian vUa qua.
B^ng 2.2. Phan loai dtmng t)o theo cap quin ly
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2.3. PhUtfng tien van tii hang hoa bang 6 to Tinh den ngay 31/12/2017, ca nadc hien co 1084581 xe t l i eac loai. Cung vdi sU gia tang ve so lugng, chat lugng eua phuang tien cung dagc nang cao ro ret. Thdi gian qua, so lugng phuong tien 6 to tai tang trUdng dan den tinh trang cung vuot cau, canh tranh giUa cac doanh nghiep van t l i d to rat gay gSt.
Bing 2.3. Phuong tien van tii hang hda bang d td qua cic nam
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2.4. Doanh nghiep van tai hang hoa bang 6 t o Ve so lugng cac doanh nghiep van tai 6 to, theo bao d o cua cac s6 GTVT, c l nude hien nay van t i l hang hoa CO 41508 doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, da so cac don vj van t l i cd quy mo nho, tham chi nhieu don vj van t l i chi cd 01 den 02 xe 6 to, viec khai t h i c phuong tien van tai khong hieu q u i , thudng khdng to ehUc dugc mang ludi kinh doanh, khong co kenh thong tin de giao tiep vdi khach hang nen khong thuc hien dUOc van t l i hai ehieu dan den hieu qua hoat dgng khong cao.
2.5. Hoat dgng van tdi hang hoa
Trong cac nam qua. Bo GTVT da tang cUdng cong t i c q u i n ly van t l i dudng bo. Doi vdi van tai hang hoa, da trien khai thae hien nhieu g i l i phap kiem soit boat dgng
So 11/2018
van t l i hang hoa bang dUdng bg nhSm nang cao ATGT va chat lugng dich vu nhu: Kiem soat t l i trgng phuong tien, xay dung san giao dich van tli... Nhin chung, cong tac van tai hang hoa cung da co b i n d i p ufng duge nhu cau van t l i trong va ngoai nudc, b i o d i m mUc tang trUdng kha.
2.6. Chi phi van tdi
Giai doan 2015- nay, g i l cudc van t l i eua tat ca cac nganh van t l i deu dieu chinh g i l m tCr 5 - 10%, trong do gia cUde nganh van tai dUdng bg g i l m khoang 6%.
Nguyen nhan chu yeu do gia nhien lieu g i l m . 2.7. Nhan xet danh gia chung ve cong tac qudn ly tai cac dtfn vj Idnh doanh van tdi
Vdi quy mo nho le, manh mun, loai hinh da dang, md hinh to ehdc q u i n ly va phuong phap q u i n ly thu cong, lac hau; chua co nhieu don vl chu trgng den xay dang thuong hieu nen cac don vi kinh doanh van t l i hien nay nhin chung co sUc eanh tranh yeu, hieu qua kinh doanh va chat lugng djeh vu thap, nguy co tai nan giao thong cao.
Co the danh gia chung ve cong tac q u i n ly tai elc dan vj kinh doanh van tai nhu sau:
- Cong t i e quan ly phuong tien tai cac don vi kinh doanh van tai con nhieu khiem khuyet, ton tai mot so lugng Idn don vi kinh doanh van tai khong quan ly duge tinh trang ky thuat cua phuong tien, hau het cae don vi khong co ho so ly Ijch phuong tien, khong theo doi tong km xe ehay, khong to chUc thuc hien che dp b i o dUdng dinh ky, kiem tra an toan ky thuat cua phuong tien trudc khi hoat dgng.
- Cong tac quan ly lai xe, nhan vien phuc vu edn nhieu bat cap, tai nhieu dOn vi van t i l khong quan ly ho sa q u i n ly 111 xe, khong to chUc tuyen dung theo quy trinh, khong ky hop dong lao dong hole c6 thi eung chi mang tinh hinh thUe, thudng ky hop dong thdi vu de doi pho khi CO kiem tra.
- Dgi ngu can bg quan ly, dieu hanh van tai tai cac don V! rat thieu, so lugng don vi van t l i co eIn bg dagc dao tao chuyen nganh van tai la rat it.
- Bd phan theo doi, q u i n ly cac dieu kien ve ATGT d nhieu dOn v; kinh doanh van t l i van mang tinh hinh thde, chua hoat dgng thUc chat, chi thanh lap tren giay t d de lam ho sa xin cap giay phep kinh doanh.
-Qng dung cong nghe thong tin vao quan trj doanh nghiep eon nhieu han ehe, hau nhuehua duoc cac don vi van t i l chu trgng, quan tam dau ta dung mdc.
3. KET L U A N
Kinh doanh van tai la loai hinh kinh doanh co dieu kien. Cic don vi kinh doanh van tai p h l i dap Ung cac dieu kien theo quy djnh cua phap luat va dUOc cap phep hoat dgng. Cong tac cap giay phep kinh doanh van tai dagc trien khai thuc hien dong bo, thong nhat tren e l nudc, tai elc dia phuong, giao cho cae scJ GTVT thuc hien. Cic s6 GTVT dia phUOng da pho bien, hadng dan vatochUc thuc hien va cap Giay phep kinh doanh van t l i cho cac don vi kinh doanh van t l i .
141^11
TRAOD6I
Dieu kien kinh doanh v i n t l i dagc quy dinh ro tai Nghj dinh 86/2014/ND-CP ngay 10/9/2014 cua Chinh phu quy dinh ve kinh doanh va dieu kien kinh doanh van tai b^ng xe 6 to. Theo do, elc don vi kinh doanh van t l i p h l i dap dng cac dieu kien chung kinh doanh van tai bang xe 6 to va dieu kien quy dinh rieng cho tUng loai hinh van t l i . Cac dieu kien kinh doanh bao gom cac dieu kien ve phuong tien, ngudi i l l va ngudi phuc vu tren xe, ve td ehdc q u i n ly cua doanh nghiep... Q
Tai lieu tham khdo
[1]. Bo GTVT Vien Chien luge va Phat trien GTVT (1999), Phdt trien GTVThuang tdi the ky XXI, Ha Ngi.
[2]. Bg GTVT (2018), Bdo cdo tdng kit eong tdc ndm 2017, trien khai nhiem vu, ke hoach 2018.
[3]. Cac sd GTVT (2018), Bdo cdo cdng tdc tong ket ndm 2017 trien khai nhiem vu. ki hoach 2018.
[4]. Cue Dang kiem Viet Nam (2018), Bdo cdo cdng tdc tong ket ndm 2017 trien khai nhiem vu, ke hoach 2018.
[5]. Tong eye Thong ke (2018), Niin gidm thong ki 2012 den 2017, NXB. Thong ke, HI Noi.
[6]. Vai trd Nhd nUdc trong phdt trien kinh tecde nUdc ASEAN (1994), NXB. Thong ke. Ha Noi.
[7]. ALG (2011), Interim Report on Support to the fl/linistry of Transport for t\Aultimodal Transport Development.
