I THI TRUONG THUY SAN
/Thuy san hCnu cc dong lanh tren thj truing EU
THUY SAN HUU CO NGAY CANG XUAT HIEN NHIEU TREN THI TRUCTNG EU, HIEN BAO GOM CA HOI, CA HOI VAN (TROUT), CA CHEP VA CAC LOAI NHIET D O I N H U T O M , CA TRA VA CA R 6 PHI. OyOOAN, THI TRU'ONG CHO THUY SAN H Q U CO SE TIEP TUC TANG T R U O N G TRONG N H Q N G NAM T O I .
SO phap ly eho ITnh vuc an toan thue pham (ATTP) tai EU Ngoai ra, cdn cd cac luat khac lien quan tdi ve sinh va viee sir dung eac chat bi cam nhu hodc-mdn va thuo'c trir sau.
Truy xua't ngudn gd'c dupe EU dinh nghia la kha nang theo ddi va nhan dien cae thue pham thuy san hiiu co trong toan bp qua trinh: san xua't, che' bie'n va phan phd'i san pham.
Cae cdng ty EU kinh doanh thuy san hii^i co phai eung cap thdng tin ve nha eung cap va ngudi mua timg Id san pham thiiy san hiiu co.
Cac cdng ty tai EU phai cd h^
thd'ng thdng tin day dii ve truy xua't ngudn gd'c de cd the xac minh dia diem va each thiic san xua't va che bie'n mgt san pham thuy san hiiu eo tai nude thii ba. Do dd, cac nha XK thupc cac nude dang phat trien can phai chu trpng tdi kha nang truy xua't ngud'n gd'c.
Kiiin sodt veve sinh siec khoe Thiiy san ddng lanh huu co NK vao EU phai tuan thu cac yeu cau ve sue khde ehung nhu sau;
- Chiing nhan siic khde quoc gia: Tdng vu Siic khde va Nguoi tieu dung (DG SANCO) thu^c Uy ban chau Au (EC) ap dung
•iin pham llu'iy san hiiii co dang lang li
T
ieu thu {hue pham hiiu CO tai EU tang tie'p 6%va dat tdng gia tri 23 ty euro vao nam 2012. EU da ban hanh quy dinh hiiu eo dd'i vdi cae san pham nudi trong thuy san (NTTS) tit nam 2010.
Chirng nhan hiiu eo khdng ap dung dd'i vdi thuy san khai thac. Ngudi mua mong mud'n thiiy san hiiu co it nha't phai ed chat lugng tuong duong vdi cac san pham thiiy san truyen thd'ng. Do dd, cac yeu eau lien quan tdi mau sac, huong vi va eo thit cimg tuong tu nhu eac san pham thiiy san truyen thd'ng.
WG MAI THUV SAN / S6 179 / THWG 11;2014
Yeu cau tie phia khacii hang
Cdc yeu cau phdp ly hat bugc Chimg nhan hii-u ca San xua't hiiu eo la hinh thiic tu nguyen, tuy nhien ne'u du'gc ap dung, nd phai phu hgp vdi luat phap EU ve san xua't huii co va viec dan nhan eac san pham huu CO. Ye'u to quan trpng nha't trong quy dinh ed lien quan de'n cae ngud'n nguyen lieu dau vao (gid'ng va thiic an hiiu co), mat dp tha nudi va dia diem dat he thd'ng san xua't.
Tuan thu Luat Thuc pham EU vd khd ndng truy xuat nguon gd'c
Luat Thue pham EU la ca
T H I TRUdNG THUY SAN I I
quy trinh danh gia viec tuan thu cae Dieu kien Siic khde edng ddng va Ddng vat oia EU tai nude XK.
- Cae eg sd duoc phep: Thuy san hiiu eo ehi dugc NK vao EU ne'u duoc ehe'bie'n va so che't^i cac CO sd nam trong danh sach dugc DG SANCO chap thuan.
Co quan cd tham quyen tai nude XK cd trach nhiem phe duyet eho edng ty ciia nude dd. Ne'u duoc phep, edng ty se dupe EU cap mdt ma so', ma nay se dugc ghi tren nhan hang hda.
- Chiing thu ve sinh (Health Certificate): NK thiiy san hii'u co vao EU phai cd chiing thu ve sinh do CO quan cd tham quyen tai nude XK ca'p. Thuc te^ rat nhieu mau chung thu ve sinh duge ap
dung, tiiy thugc vao danh muc san pham, Ioai hoac eac dieu kien ve sinh dac biet.
- Kiem soat ve sinh va sue khde: Khi tham nhap vao thi trudng EU, eac san pham thiiy san hii'u eo va eac chung nhan di kem phai dugc cac can bd thu y thanh kiem tra.
Kiem sodt chat gay 6 nhiem I'd du lugjig thud'c thii y
Khac biet quan trgng nha't gid'a san xuat hiiii eo va truyen thd'ng la viec sir dung cac hda chat eho phep trong qua trinh nudi va muc du luong nao dugc phep tai EU. NK thuy san hi>u co vao EU can tuan thu luat phap EU nham dam bao san pham an toan eho tieu thu va khdng chiia chat gav d nliiem, hda chat va
du lugng d miic gay hai eho siic khde con ngu'di.
Cdc yeu can chung Cdc tiiu chuan ATTP Tai EU, eac tieu chuan ATTP quan trgng nha't la BRC (cua Tap doan Ban le Anh) va IPS (Tieu chuan Thuc pham Qud'e te), nhat la khi eung ca'p san pham cho cac nha ban le Idn tai EU.
BRC duge thiet lap d Anh va da trd thanh mpt yeu eau eiia ngudi mua dd'i vdi eae nha ban le va eac co sd dich vu thuc pham Idn tgi Bac Au. Tai Nam Au, mdt so cdng ty eiing yeu cau cdng ty XK phai dugc chiing nhan BRC.
IFS do eac nha ban le Diie va Phap thie't lap nham dam bao mire ATTP va chat lupng thue pham phii hgp cimg cac dich vu lien quan. Cae nude tai Nam Au lai ehd trpng tdi IFS hon BRC.
Thuc hdnh Ndng nghiep Td't (G A.P)
GlobalG.A.P la mpt chuong trinh chiing nhan giiia doanh nghiep vdi doanh nghiep (B2B).
Nhieu nha san xua't ca tra, ca rd phi va tdm nhiet ddi dupe chiing nhan GlobalG.A.P, Nam 2013, GIobalCA.P va Hdi ddng Quan ly NTTS (ASC) bc4t dau phdi hpp nhau de hai hda hda cac yeu eau.
Yen cau tit cdc mdng thj truong rieng
Chu'iig nhan bin vimg Chiing nhan ben vimg khdng that su can thie't ne'u mdt edng ty da cung cap cae san pham thiiy san hull eo sang thi trudng EU, hoac da dat dugc mdt trong cac ehung nhan huu co.
I T H I TRUCING THUY SAN
Thycng mai Nhap khau
NK cac san phaim thuy san hiiu CO dang tang len, chu ye'u la tdm tir Ecuado, Madagaxca, Bangladet, Thai Lan, Inddnexia va Viet Nam, ca rd phi tii- Trung My va ca tra tir Viet Nam
Nhin ehung, thi trudng thi san hihi CO EU bi chi phd'i bdi 4 nude:
Diic, Anh, Phap va Y, chiem gan 75% nhu cau cua EU nam 2012, trong dd Diic la thi trudng Idn nhat.
Gia NK thuc pham hihi co thudng eao hon gan 20% so vdi gia cae san pham truyen thd'ng (trir ca hdi). Gia eho tdm hiiu co van duy tri d miic cao,
Xud't khau
EU khdng nudi dugc cac Ioai hthi CO nhiet ddi, do dd ta't ca mat hang thiiy san ddng lanh hiiu CO XK cd xua't xii nhiet ddi deu la tai xua't.
Sdn xud't
San lupng NTTS huu eo hien dang tang tren toan cau.
Theo Lien doan Qud'e te' cac Phong trao Ndng nghiep Huii co (IFOAM), san iugng NTTS hiiu eo toan cau dat 50.000 tah nam 2009 va tang len 150.000 tail vao nam 2012. Doanh thu tham chi tang gap 4 Ian tir khoang 230 trieu euro nam 2009 len hon 1 ty euro nam 2013,
Cac loai nude lanh nhu ca hdi, ca hdi van va ea chep dugc nudi va chiing nhan hiiu co trong khd'i EU. Cae loai nhiet ddi nudi tai cac nude dang phat trien va dugc NK vao EU.
Tdm va ca hd'i la hai Ioai cd
doanh thu Idn nha't. ca chep va ca hdi van cd so lugng co sd nudi, nhieu nha't. Cac loai khac dugc chiing nhan huu eo bao gom ca trap, ca chem, ca tra, ca rd phi va ca tam. San xua't vem hiiu eo Cling la mdt xu hudng mdi ndi.
Nam 2012, san lugng tdm hiiu eg la 25.000 tan va dang tie'p tuc tang. Tdm chan trang hihi co chii ye'u ed nguon gd'c tit Ecuado, edn ngudn cung tdm su trai rdng tir Bangladet tdi Madagaxca, An Dp, Inddnexia va Viet Nam.
Tieu thu
Khdi EU-27 van la thi trudng tieu thu thuy san hiiu co Idn nha't, Phap, Diic va Anh la nhung thi trudng tang trudng manh me nha't, dac biet la dd'i vdi ea hdi Dai Tay Duong va tdm, Tuy nhien, thi trudng chau A ciing dang phat trien nhanh ehdng, Malaixia ndi tie'ng la mdt thi trudng sdi ddng cho eac san pham thuy san hiiu co. Trung Qud'e Cling tang tru'dng manh trong san xua't thuy san hiixi co.
Mac dii tai nhieu nude, thi trudng eho thiiy san hiiu eo chi dang trong giai doan manh nha, tai cac thi trudng phat trien nhu Diic, Anh, Phap va Thuy Sy, thiiy san hihj eo da dat tdi ngudng cua giai doan tang trudng (it nha't la dd'i vdi ea hdi va ea hoi van). So lupng cac nha san xua't va khdi lupng tieu thu tang vpt, eanh tranh ngay cang gia tang va gia dang cd xu hudng chiing lai.
Cac kenh va phan khuc thj trirang
Neil nhu trudc day, cac san
pham hiru co chii ye'u dupe ban tai cae cira hang ban le ehuyen doanh (chuyen ve mat hang eu the) thi hien nay hau he't cac nha ban le chinh thd'ng, va tham chi ca cac cira hang giam gia tai Diic, ciing da cung cap nhieu Ioai san pham huu eo. Mae dii tai Phap va Diic, thi phan ciia eac nha ban te chinh thd'ng chi khoang 50%, thi phan nay tai cac nude khac nhu Thuy Dien, Ai-xo-len va Dan Mach dat hon 70%.
Cae nha ban le Idn thudng tim kie'm eae san pham NTTS hihi eo tir cae nha cung cap thdng thudng. Cac nha NK chinh thong thudng tim kie'm tir cae nha san xua't va ehe bie'n NTTS hihi co khep kin Idn, Mat khac, de tiet kiem ehi phi, eae nha NK chinh thdng cung mua eae san pham hihi CO tir cae nha NK chuyen doanh.
Cac ehudi ban le hiiu ca ehuyen doanh chu ye'u tim kie'm cae san pham NTTS huu co tit cac nha NK chuyen doanh. Cac chudi eung cap nay thudng dugc xay dung dua tren md'i quan he tin tudng lau dai vdi miic dp minh bach cao ve gia tang gia tn, chi phi va a'n dinh gia.
Thuong nhan chuyen doanh thudng tin tudng vao cac moi quan he lau dai vdi cac nha eung ca'p va san xuat t?i cac nude dang phat trien. Cac cdng ty nay thudng tim kiem cac doi tac nhSm hpp tac dau tu ve san xua't huu CO va cam ke't thuc hien thanh edng cae du an. •
NgQc Tii dich Theo tdi lieu ciia CBI
6 8 IH;CNG MAI THJV SAN / sii 179 1
