VAN H(^A N G H E T H U A T TROMC NIWC
Trd ciioi dan gian
cua ngudi i\/ludng Hoa Blnii
DO THI THANH HlTONG
H
e thd'ng trd choi dan gian Viet Nam da dang ve sd luang vi loai hmh: trd choi Mydn ii, trd choi chidn tran, trd choi giii trf, tro choi trf tue, tro choi thi tai, tro choi phong tue, trd choi nghd nghidp. Trd choi dan gian the hidn each tfng xu va cic mdi quan he giua ci nhan vdi ca nhan, gitfa ei nhan vdi cpng ddng, giffa cdng ddng nay vdi cpng ddng khic. Tro choi dan gian cd y nghTa rat ldn trong ddi sdng ciacon ngudi, nd gidng nhu lidu thudc bd xua tan di nhung met nhpc sau thdi gian lao dpng vit va. Dd cung chinh la mon an tinh than, li sai day vd hmh gdn kd't nhffng ci nhan trong cpng ddng. Mdi ddn toe deu cd eac trd choi ddn gian mang tfnh rieng bidt cua mmh nhung do qua
trinh tid'p xuc van hda giffa cic tpc ngudi, eie vung mien hoac sy tuong ddng ve mat dieu kien tu nhidn mi tpc ngudi Mudng d Hda Bmh cung ed eie tro choi gidng vdi eie tpc ngudi khic.
Trd chai ed nhidu loai phi hap vdi sd thfch, ci tfnh khic nhau cua nhidu ddi tuang ngudi choi. Npi dung trd choi cung rat da dang vdi nhieu lia tudi. Cd trd choi ren Mydn co the, mang tfnh the thao, de cao tii nang, cd trd choi phat huy tfnh sing tao, tri tud. Cic trd chai dan gian thudng mang tfnh via hap tic via ganh dua giffa nhdm ngudi nay vdi nhdm ngudi khic hay ci nhan nay vdi ca nhan khic. T i chd gaiM
Trong itho tang di san van hda Viet Nam, trd Choi dan gian cd mdt vj tri vd cung quan trong. Trd choi dan gian la mot phan khdng the thieu trong cae Id hdi dan gian truyen thdng, la yd'u td tao nen dac trung rieng cua mdi Id hdi, mdi cdng ddng khae nhau. Mdi dan tdc cd nhung trd choi ddc dao, thu vj rieng. Cae trd choi dan gian cua ngudi MUdng d Hda Binh cung rat phong phu, da dang, gdp phan tao nen dau an dac trung cho su ddc dao cua van hda MUdng.
dua mang tmh chat tuang trung, din dan cic trd choi trd thinh iMung cupc thi tai, thi kheo, cao ban nd tra thanh cdc cudc thi dd'u the thao tran diy titM thin thuong vd. Dung cu choi dd kiem, dd lam chi yd'u la nhimg nguydn lieu lay ti trong ty nhidn. Cd tMung trd choi ddnh cho ngudi gii, ed iMimg trd choi danh cho tre em.
Phong phi nha't la trd choi danh cho tre em. Cd trd danh cho tre em nam, trd ddnh cho tte em
ntf vi ed tMimg trd danh cho ci tre em nam va ntf, cd trd choi ci tMdn, cd trd choi tap the. Ndu trd choi cua ngudi ldn thudng didn ra trong cdc dip hpi mua xudn, mua thu vio thdi diem con ngudi hda minh vio vu try rdng Idn de di tim su cpng cim cho cudc sdng thi ttd choi eua tre em cd thd' didn ra quanh nam va cd the chai b bit ctf noi nio.
Trd choi tre em thudng kem theo cic bii bit ddng dao. Trd choi dan gian vd ddng dao giua cic vung tuang ddi gidng nhau nhung mdi vung lai cd nhimg net ridng bidt. Nhieu trd choi tre em duae phd bidn d iMidu tpc ngudi qua dd cho tha'y sy giao luu rdng rai vd van hda.
Trd choi dan gian xud't bidn phd bien trong ddi sdng cia ngudi ddn Viet Nam d mpi noi trdn ea nude. Ridng titM Hda Bmh vdn edn duy tri duac 95 trd choi dan gian cia 5 tpc ngudi chinh li Mudng, Thai, Tiy, Dao, Mdng. Nhimg trd choi d'y da tao ndn bin sic van hda ddc dio
Sd 326 Thang 8-2011
VAN HOA CO TRUYEN cia cic tpc ngudi nay cho tdi ngay nay. Trong
sd dd, phong phi ban ca ed le vin li nhung trd chai cia ngudi Mudng, nhieu trd choi vin dang tdn tai nhu mot phan khdng the thieu ddi vdi cudc sdng cia mdi ngudi ddn Mudng.
Trong sd cic tro chai ddn gian eua toe ngudi Mudng d Hda Binh thi nem edn la ttd chai ludn tao duoc cho ngudi choi va ci nhung ngudi xung quanh mdt cam giae vd cung htfng khdi.
Nhtfng chang trai, ed gii gap nhau vi nd nhffng nu cudi tuoi tin tren mdi, cd't ldn nhung ldi chio dim thim, ydu thuong:
Cdt ldi chdo nhao nhao Dua tay chdo xd xd
Trau ngon ddi nhau gida ddng Cdu non mdi nhau gida ldi Trdu dep tern ddy trong tui Cdu non bdy ddy trong khdn Cung dn, ta bdy qud cdn ra nem...
Thd rdi nam nff chia thinh ddi ben:
Ben trai ciing mgt tram Ben gdi ciing thdy mgt tram...
Ddi chan eia ed gii, chang trai nhun nhay bit qua cdn, mieng hp reo hd, cudi ndi. Dam con gai chay ve hudng mat trdi. Hai cinh tay cd gii deo chide vdng bac lip linh kdu roong reeng ra ddn qua edn thiec cii day edn bdng, trii edn hdng dam tua gd'm vdc, dang mdc tren canh cdy si, cdy da ling Idng.
Cic chang trai hio htfng hit ring:
Thuang ndong em hai Thuang hdi iin a Chd de trdi cdn ben anh
Nem rai xud'ng ddt md mdt xdng dep, do chiing did cho qud cdn anh tung
No rai xud'ng dd't md mat tenh xanh, do pan Dim eon gii vtfa bit qua cdn vtfa bat dip Idd:
Thuang ndong anh hdi Thuang hai anh a
Mat xdng mdc long mdt xdng Lot do mdc long lot do
did chai luc, chai lao trong vdng iigUc em Chd dem vdc nggc, minh ngd tung ra md ho ehung, ho ban
Ho'cluing, ho bgn khdng bdng ho ta anh hai Bdn trai nem qua, bdn gii nem vd, eii ehdn
nhun nhay, mieng bp hit len:
Riu rich, riu ra gidn gidn Hg nem cdn tii sdm de'n trUa
Tii ilic thd bi(a de'n khi mat trdi ndp nui Vui hd vui he
Chdng ai mud'n ve, Bdi thuang, bdi nhd Tre con mong lan Ngudi gid mong tre
Ngudi kinh ky, ke cha ve tham dd't, tham Mudng cung ra dao choi.
Ci dan chim ttdn ttdi ciing bay chao di chao lai Nhtfng ldi ca, tidng hat giao duydn ndng thim tinh ngudi, da cd nhieu ddi trai gii trao duydn cho nhau ndn va, ndn chdng ttf trd choi nem cdn.
Nem con cdn gpi la trd choi tung bit cdn, mdt trd choi phd bien cua thanh nidn nam nff Mudng vao mdi dip hpi he. Nem edn li hmh thtfc sinh boat van hda, giao luu tmh cam, giao duydn bdi ngd cia cic chang trai, ed gii. Qua eon chtfa dyng ngu y mudn gii ldi udm hdi kdt ban, kd't duydn, the hidn udc ao duoc trao, duoc nhdn ciia mdt nhdm ban bay mot ddi nam nff trong cudc hdi. Chfnh vi vay cung dd biiu vi sao day lai la trd choi dupe ci cdng ddng ddn nhan, tham gia. Dl cbuin bi trd choi niy cin phii ed qua edn. Ngudi Mudng thudng khdu nhung tui vai nbd gin bing nim tay rdi nhdi vao dd bat bdng hoac vd triu, min cua rdi sau dd khau kfn, dfnb them sai day cd tua vii nhidu miu sic dai khoing 3 gang tay. Trd choi niy thudng dupe choi trdn nhiMg bii dit rdng vi bing phang, d gitfa dyng mdt cay ndu cao tff 5 den 7m, trdn dinh cay ndu dat mdt vdng trdn cd dudng kfnh ttf 0,5 den 0,7m. Nem cdn cd hai cich chai: nem cdn ty do va nem cdn hai bdn.
Khi choi, ngudi choi dua qui edn, chan hoi nhun xud'ng dl tao da rdi dtfng thang ldn nem ra ding trudc sao cho qui edn ehui qua dupe vong trdn tren ditM cot lam rich giiy miu diu tidn dupe xem Ii ngudi may min vi choi gidi.
Ndu nhu ttong nhdm choi cd ddi nam nff nao dd cd tmh y vdi nhau, hp len trao nhau inh mit va nem qua cdn vd phia ngudi thuang, mong cho ngudi iy ddn dupe vi iMan lay nhung ndi nidm
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VAN H 6 A N G H E THUAT TROMC Mlll^g
diu km ma ngudi nem cdn mudn trao giii, hp vtfa chai vtfa hit say md, tinh ttf. Ngudi dan Mudng quan nidm ring, hpfndm ndo cd nhieu ddi mng bit an y, nem duac tMieu lin qua vdng trdn thi ndm dd mua thudn, gid hda, mia mdng bpi thu. Ro rang, trd choi niy khdng edn li bmh thic giii tri don thuin mi cdn chia dyng ci tMimg mong udc ve mot cupc sd'ng tdt dep, mot tinh ydu trong sing.
Cung vdi cic trd choi, trai quen, gii la, cMdng bay, chieng ba thudng rang bp meng ngdn vang trong ngay hpi, lam sdng dpng Idng ngudi. Nhtfng ttd choi dan gian cia tpc ngudi Mudng cdn thi hidn tii ndng cia mdi cd tMdn trudc thidn nMdn de hudng con ngudi tdi cii tMdn va net dep nghd thuat. Dieu iy cung phin inh phin nio ndp sdhg vdn hda cia dan tpc, dd la vdn quy cin dupe gm giff ke thtfa va phit triin trong sy van dpng cia xa hdi hidn dai ngdy nay. Ngoai trd nem edn, ngudi Mudng d Hda Bmh con cd rat iMieu trd choi thi vi. Mdi trd choi vdi each choi khde iMau, vdi y nghTa khae nhau da thuc sy lam cho ddi sdng tuM thin eua ngudi Mudng ttd ndn phong phi hon, xa bdi Mudng cung vi the mi vui tuoi ban, gdp phin gin kd't cae mdi quan he ben vung trong cic bin ling cia ngudi Mudng.
Trong sd cic trd choi danh cho tre em thi trd chim chi chdm chan duac cic em rat ydu thfch.
Tro choi niy thudng td chic vio nhitag ddm trang sing, sd ngudi tham gia ft nhd't ttf ba em trd len. Khi choi, mot em lam chi trd dimg ra chiu ttach nhidm chia bin tay cua minh ra cho cic ban ddt ngdn tay ttd vao long ban tay minh.
Em ehi trd ndi vin:
Chdm chi, chdm chdn Odng vdn, ddng ve Choi que, chai quat Ld idt. Id loong Tdng u, tong odn Ld ldn, la lia Pat tia cd khdp
Ndi dit ldi chi trd nim chat ban tay lai, cung lie dd mpi ngudi rut tManh ngdn tay ra, ai rit ngdn tay ra cham hon bi ndm giff lai trong tay eiia ngudi chu trd, thi ngudi dd phii dimg
vai Idm eii. Ngudi lim cii duac giff td va nhdm mdt lai cho mpi ngudi di ttdti vio nhung ddng rom, ra, bode gdc 'cay, sau dd di tim tMimg ngudi dang trdn. Ngudi di trdn lai Iffa cii vd td, em nao chay chdm bi edi dudi kip, dap tay vdo diu, nghTa li da bi cii bit duac, phii thay vio vi tri cia cii, giu to, tMdm mdt Thay cho cii duoc di ttdn cing ban khic.
Cd tbi noi, tto choi ddn gian khdng cM gin gui vdi cupc sdng thudng tMat m i nd ludn gdn lidn vdi cic Id hpi ldn trong cdng ddng ngudi Mudng vdi nhffng gii tri van hda da duoc hinh thinh ttf xa xua. Tuy tMidn, iMimg ttd choi ddn gian Mudng Men nay dang bi mai mdt din va cd nguy co mit di mot eich ding tide. Cic trd choi dan gian ngiy cing trd ndn xa la ddi vdi tMieu ngudi ddn Mudng, ddc bidt Id tte em.
Vdy, ddu li nguydn tMdn cia tmh trang dd?
Cing vdi xu the hpi nhap manh me, ngudi Mudng d Hda Binh cd tiMeu ca bdi.dl tiep xiic vdi cic phuong tidn thdng tm hidn dai, vdi tMieu xu budng va trio luu vdn hda. Cung vdi dd, nhieu trd choi, iMieu hiiM thic giii tri mdi cung di gd cia tiMg gia dirM trong cic ban ling cia ngudi Mudng. Khi ddi sd'ng kiiM te cua ngudi dan dang dan duac nang ldn thi cic bac cha me cung ed didu kidn dl mua cho eon minh nhieu mdn dd choi mi con tMch, t i nhung thanh kiem, sing vdi du ching loai, den nhung trd choi mang nang tfnh bao lye, khdng ed y nghTa giio due. Song, rd't ft cic bac phu huynh dat ra cau hdi ring nhimg dd choi va ttd choi do se tic dpng nhu the nio dd'n tMdn thtfc vi su buib thitM tMdn cich cia con cii mitM. Cdn ban than nhidu tre em thi say md tham gia cupc ehid'n trong the gidi ao.
Nhflng ttd choi dan gian da ttfng la mot phan ky tfe khdng thi phai md ddi vdi mdi ngudi dan Mudng thi gid ddy dang ngiy mot xa din vi eo nguy CO mat di trong sy hd himg eia cdng ddng. Se li qui mudn neu ching ta khdng tim cich khdi phuc va duy tri eie ttd choi ddn gian.
Dd la trich tMidm khdng thupc vd ridng ai ma cia ci cdng ddng va ddc bidt phu thudc vio nhdn thtfc cia chinh nhung ngudi ddn Mudng.
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Sd326 Thang 8-2011
