Le Hieu Ham
lot sd bien phap xay difng moi trifolng giao due an toan, anh manh, than thien cho tre d cac tracing mam non
|uan Binh Thanhjhanh phd Ho Chi IVIinh
I HiSu Hanh fdngMamnon 11A
4 Le Quang Oinh, phifflng 11, qu&n Binh Thgnh,
^ h p\\6 H6 Chl l^inh. Vi^t Nam lail, [email protected]
TOM TAT: Mdi trUdng giio due tfch cUc ludn dugc quan tam trong mgi thdi dgi, li tat ci cac diiu kiin vi vat chat vi tinh thin cd inh hudng din hoat ddng giio dgc, hgc tdp, ren luygn va phit triin cua ngudi hgc. Mdi trudng giao due tich cgc cin dim bio cic thanh ti an toan, lanh manh, thin thien, li mdi trudng giio dgc mi ngudi hgc dU<3c bio ve, khdng bi ton hai ve thi chit va tinh than; Khdng ed tg nan xa hdi, khdng bao luc; Ngudi hoc, can bd quin li, giao viin, nhin vidn cd lii sing lanh manh, Ung xU van hda; Ngudi hgc duge tdn trgng, doi xU cdng bang, binh ding va nhan ii, dugc phat huy din chd va tgo diiu kign de phat trien pham chat va nSng tUc. Bii bio de cip den mdt si bidn phap xiy dung mdi trudng giio due an toin, lanh manh, thdn thign cho tri trong trUdng mam non nhim gdp phan dim bio cho tri dUdc sing, hoc t$p, vui chai va phat triin toan didn nhin cich, dip Ung yeu ciu doi mdi cua xi hdi hiin nay.
1\i KHOA: Bign phap xdy diJng moi tri/tfng giao due tich ciTc; moi trifdng gido due an toan;
Idnh manh; than Ihien.
-> Nhan bai 25/3/2019 •> Nhan ket qua phan bien v^ chinti sifa 26/4/2019 •¥ Ouyet iiang 25/5/2019,
I.DatvSn 6i
Tre em la hanh phuc ciia gia dinh, la tucmg lai ciia dat iirac. Sinh thai, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh luon danh cho cac
;hau thieu nien, nhi dong tinh thtrong yeu va quan tam dac ii?t. Vcri Bac, tre em la nhiing nguai chii tuong lai ciia lat nuoc, la nhimg nguai ke tuc su nghiep each mang ciia )dng va dan toe: "Bac mong cac chau cham ngoan, mai sau
;in giS giang san Lac Hong, sao cho to mat nhi dong Viet
"Jam". Bac con thuang xuyen quan tam nhac nha va giao ihiem vy bao v?, cham soc tre em cho cac ban nganh, doan he. Qua lai can dan tren bang nhiing viec lam cu the, tham ihuan lai day ciia Bac Ho, Dang va Nha nudc ta luon coi ihi?m vy bao v? va cham soc tre em la mpt trong nhiing ipi dung ca ban ciia chien lup'c con nguai, gop phan tao a ngu6n nhan luc cho qua trinh diy manh su nghiep cong ighi^phoa, hien dai hoa dat nuac. Cu the la nam 2016, Luat
\i em dupe ban hanh thay the Luat Bao ve, Cham soc va jiio dye (GD) tre em nSm 2004 nham nhan manh tre em a ipi thoi dai dSu duac quan tam cham soc, xa hpi cang phat ien thi tre em cang dupe dam bao quyen lai nhieu hon va gay 17 thang 7 nam 2017 Chinh phii ban hanh Nghj dinh 0/2017/ND - CP quy djnh ve moi trudng GD an toan, lanh 1 ^ , than thien tilp tyc khang ditih tre em phai dupe song ong mpt moi truong tich cue [1].
Tuy nhien, trong thai gian qua, xa hOi phai chiimg kien ipt s6 hi^n tupng, hinh anh tieu eye, thilu trach nhi?m vai 3n tr6, chua coi trpng v5n dl bao ve tr6 em, thieu hieu bilt
; luat phap, khong nhan thiic duac cac hanh vi vi pham iyen tr6 em dSn din mpt s6 hanh dgng gay ton thuang cho
tre, lam xau di hinh anh cua giao vien, ciia truang mam non.
Moi trucmg xa hpi ngay cang it an toan dii vai su phat trien nhan each cua tre. Vi vay, viec xay dung moi tnrong GD an toan, litnh manh, than thien cho tre trong truang mam non noi chung, a quan Binh Thanh, Thanh phi H6 Chi Minh noi rieng, la rat can thiet nham nang cao chat lupng GD, gop phSn phat trien toan dien cho nhan each tre.
2. Ndi d u n g n g h i e n cijru
Moi truong GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien trong truong mam non (MN) la moi truong GD dam bao an toan vl thi chit va tinh than, tara li cho tre, bao ve tre, khong co cac te nan xa hpi, khong bao luc, cac thanh vien trong nha trudng CO 16i song lanh manh, than thien, dong then la noi tao ca hpi, khuyen khich va ho trp de tre phat tnln het tiem nang ciia ban than minh. Npi dung xay dung moi truong GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien trong truong MN bao gIm:
- Xay dung moi trudng vat chat an toan, lanh manh, than thien d tnrdng MN.
- Xay dung moi trudng tam li, .\a hpi an toan, lanh manh, than thien d tnrdng MN.
- Xay dung cac hoat dpng dam bao moi trudng GD an toan, lanh m^nh, than thien.
2 . 1 . Tam quan trong cua moi tnfeing giao due an toan, lanh manh, than thign of trong trirdng mam non
Ddi vdi GD M N , vi§c \ a \ dyng mdi tnrdng GD an toan, lanh m^nh, than thien cho tre c6 y nghia rat quan trgng. Xay Sfi 17 thang 5/2019 9^
NGHIEN CUU THirCTIEN GlAO DUC
dyng mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi^n quylt dinh su ton tai va phat trien cua nha trudng, giiip tre cd cam giac an tam, tich cue hoat ddng, tap trung suy nghi, cd co hpi nay sinh cac y tudng mdi, khong bj ap lyc, thich din trudng, tao nen thuang hieu, uy tin cho nha trudng, thay ddi tich cue den nhan thirc, hanh vi ciia phy huynh tre.
Xay dung moi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien tao dpng lyc cho cac thanh vien trong nha trudng ren luyen pham chat dao dire va nang lyc, tao tam trang tich cue cho tap the, giup hp hang say cdng tac, nang cao tinh than nhiet huyet vdi nghe.
Xay dyng mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien la tat ca nhiing gi tre can de sdng va ldn len mpt each vui tuoi, lanh manh, an toan, dam bao cho moi tre deu co co hpi phat trien toi uu nhung tiem nang co san de hinh thanh nen cac kl nang can thiet cho cudc sdng.
Myc tieu cua xay dung moi tnidng giao dye GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tre d trudng MN la nham dam bao tot cac dieu ki^n ve ca sd vat chat va tinh than cho tre hoat dpng.
Ho trp, kich thich hiing thii hpc tap ciia tre thong qua vi?c tao khdng khi giao tiep tich cue, vui tuoi cua GV ddi vdi tre, tao mdi trudng GD than thien. Xay dung mdi trudng khdng cd cac te nan xa hpi, khdng bao luc, dam bao tdi da su an toan ve tinh than, tam li cho tre, trong do mdi can bd, GV, nhan vien cd loi song lanh manh, ludn mau myc de tre noi theo, ddi xu cdng bang vdi tre. Tao dieu kien cho trd phat trien toan dien thong qua viec huy ddng sire manh tdng hpp ciia cac luc lupng trong va ngoai nha tnidng, cd su tham gia cua can bp, GV, nhan vien, phy huynh tre, cac td chirc doan the, chinh quyen va nhan dan dia phucmg ncri trudng MN hoat dpng ciing dong long, dong sue xay dyng nha trudng, xay dyng mdi tnrdng hpc tap tdt nhSt cho tre dupe nudi dirdng, cham sde, GD va phat triin mdt each toan dien.
2.2. ThUc trang moi trilifng gido due an toan, lanh manh, than thi^n trong cac tnfdng mam non ({uan Binh Thanh, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
Mue dich khdo sdt: Khao sat thyc trang xay dyng moi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi?n nham danh gia dung thyc trang.
Phucmg phdp khdo sdi: Nhirng phuang phip cy the dirpc su dyng la: Phuang phap khao sat bang bang hdi, phuong phap phdng van sau.
Phuang phdp diiu tra bdng bdng hdi:
- Khach the khao sat: Day la phuang phap chinh dupe sir dung trong nghien cuu. Bang hdi tien hanh khao sat ih^re hien tai 8 trudng MN cong lap (23 can bp quan li (CBQL) va 104 GV) quan Binh Thanh, Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh
- Cdng cy khao sat: Khao sat bang bang hdi - Xu li sd lieu: Thang diem danh gia trong bang hdi dupe quy udc nhu sau:
Sir dung thang 5 diem, moi cau hdi dupe danh gia vdi 5 muc dp khac nhau; y nghia cua cac muc dp vdi quy udc nhu sau: Mirc dp ddng y: Hoan toan ddng y (5 diem), ddng y (4 diem), phan van (3 diem), khdng ddng y (2 diem), hoan toan khdng ddng y (I diem).
Diem trung binh dupe chia khoang nhu sau: 1 diem - 1,80 diem: Hoan toan khdng dong y; 1,81 diem - 2,60 diem: Khdng ddng y; 2,61 diem - 3,4 diem: Phan van; 3,41 diem - 4,20 diem: Ddng y; 4.21 diem - 5 diem: Hoan toan ddng y.
Phucmg phdp phdng vdn sdu: Phuang phap nay dupe tien hanh de lam ro hon thong tin thu dupe tir phuong phip khao sat bang bang hdi.
Thdi gian phong van: Thang 5 nam 2019.
2.2.1 Thtfc trang nhan thifc tam quan trong cua hoat (fgng lay iJLfng moi trifdng giao due an toan, lanh manh, than thi^n cho tr^
cl cac tnfdng mam non (xem Bang 1)
Bang 1 cho thSy, sau khi khao sat 23 CBQL va 104 GV d 8 trudng MN, de nhan thay CBQL, GV cd nhan thirc rat cao trong viec xay dyng mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tre d trudng MN. Hau het tit ca cac CBQL, GV deu chgn miic "ddng y" (3 npi dung) va chi cd mgt npi dung dupe chpn d muc "hoan toan ddng y". Diem hung binh cac yeu to la 4.17 diem.
B^ng 1 : Nhan thilc cua CBQL, GV ve tam quan trpng ciia hoat (Tdng xay difng moi tfifdng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi$n cho tr£ a cde tnfdng MN
H o ^ todn dflng y Tgo dpng li,fc cho cSc th^nh vien trong nha tnJOng rfin luySn ph^m cticit dao
difc va ndng li/c.
„ 0am bao cho m6i t r i Siu c6 cd hgi phit trien tfii i/u nhiing ti@m nang hinh
thanh cac ki nang cSn t h i a ^ ' ' 0.8 . oam bdo tfit tarn trang Hch ci/c cho tSp the, giiip hp hang say cdng tac, nang
cao Unh th^n, nhi^t huySt vdi n g h i Oi^m trung binh cac y£u td
Ddngy Ddngy
Odogy
(Cha thich: DTB: Diem trung binh; TH: Thu hgng) 100 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO OUC VIET NAM
m nicu neu III
^ Qua phdng van 3 hieu trudng va 8 GV co nhan dinh nhu the nao ve tim quan trpng ciia ho^t ddng xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien. Du d cac trudng khdc nhau, cd vi tri dja li, dilu ki^n thu|in Ipi, khd khan khac nhau nhung tat ca cac CBQL, GV d cac trudng MN deu thong nhit chung mpt npi dung do la hoat ddng xay dyng mdi tnrdng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tre trong trudng MN quyet djnh sy tdn tai, phat trien cua nha trudng tao dilu kien de giiip tre phat trien nhan each mpt each toan dipn. Moi trudng GD cang an toan, thuan Ipi, dam bao day dil cac dieu ki?n ve ca sd vit chat lit nen tang cho viec sang tao cac hoat dpng cua ngudi day va ngudi hgc.
2.2.2. Thi/c trang thUc hien muc tieu ciia hoat dong xay difng mdi trifdng giao due an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tr^ d tnfdng mam non (xem Bang 2]
Kit qua khao sat CBQL, GV ve thyc trang thyc hien muc tieu cua hoat ddng xay mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thipn cho tre d trudng MN cho thay, phan Idn "ddng y" vdi cae myc tieu tren. Cac CBQL, GVMN deu nhan ra cac muc tieu tren deu hudng den cae hoat dgng nudi duong cham sde va GD tre, cdc myc tigu xoay quanh van de tre can dupe nudi dudng trong mpt mdi trudng tich cue, hoan thien
ve ca sd vat chat, dam bao tre khdng bi tdn thuong trong liic dupe nudi dudng cham sde tai trudng, ddng thdi tre cung dupe tham gia vao cac boat dpng tanh manh, dam da ban sic dan tgc. Npi dung "xay dung mdi trudng GD khdng co cac te nan xa hgi, khdng bao lyc" dupe xep thu hang dau tien. Day la dieu ma xa hoi dang can, ngudi day, ngudi hgc dac biet phu huynh tre dang mong mudn co mot noi ma con hg duoc sinh hoat, hpc tap that tdt, dieu ma xa hdi hien nay dang keu gpi xay dung "Nha trudng khdng cd tmh trang bao luc hpe dudng".
2.2.3. Thifc trang mile do thdc hien cac noi dung hoat ddng xay di/ng mdi tnfdng giao due an toan, lanh manh, than tliien cho trd d tnfdng mam non
a. Ndi dung xdy dimg mdi truang vgl chdt an todn, idnh mgnh, thdn thien d trucmg MN
Bang 3 khao sat CBQL, GV ve eac ndi dung xay dung mdi tnrdng vat chat an toan, lanh manh, than thien d trudng MN.Thyc te, mdi trudng vat chat la yeu to dau tien trong viee xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien.
Ket qua khao sat d Bang 3 cho thay: Tat ca cac ngi dung ve ca sd vat chat dam bao thyc hien cho viec xay dung
B^ng 2 : Th^c trang thifc hien muc tieu cua hoat ddng xay di/ng mdi tnfdng GD ar toan, lanh m a n h , than thien cho tr6 d tnfdng M N
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
1 Dam bao tdt vi cac dieu kign cO sd vat chcit va tinh than cho tre hoat ddng 2 Ho frd, kich thich htlng thu hoc tap cija tr6 ttidng qua v i | c tao khong khi giao iiep
tich cifc, vui tiJdi ciia GV ddi vdi \ri.
3 Xay di/ng mdi trtJdng GD khong cd cac te nan xa hgi, khdng bao life.
. Tgo di^u ki^n cho tr6 phat trien toan dien thong qua vigc huy ddng sde manh tdng hop ciia cac li,{c It/png trong v& ngoai nha tn/dng.
Diem tmng binh cac yeu t d
4.14 411 4,35 3.94
4.14 0.88
0 88 0.82
0.94 2 3 1 4
D o n g y
D d n g y Hoan toan ddng y
D o n g y
(Chu Ihich: DTB. Diim trung binh: DLC- Do lech chuin: TH: Thir hang)
Bing 3: Thi/c trang mufc do thuc Iiien cac noi dung tioat dong xay ddng mdi trddng GD an toan, lanli manii, ttian ttiien ciio \ri d ttirdngMN
. Tn/flng, ldp dUflc dgt tai khu dan cii ptiii tidp vdi quy hoach chung, thuan Idi cho tre em den tniang/Mp
2 Dign tich sSn choi/bai tap dap iJng vfll nhu c3u hoat dfing ciia tr§ khi tham gia vui chdl ngoai trdi 3 Khfil cac phbng hoc, ptidng chflc nSng dam bao dien tich theo quy dinh, cd day du cac thiet bi,
quy dinh sd dung cu th^
^ Ldp hoc cSn dam bao dign tich theo quy dinh, dam bSo anh sang, dS thoang khfing khi, am ap ve miia dpng, thoSng mat vg rniia hg.
5 Hg thfing dign trang Idp hpc phai dam bao an toan. tSt ca d cSm dign cfi dinh va dl dpng dddc dat d noi trg khfing vdi tdi. o a m bao ioi thoat hiem khi cfi sd co.
Diem tning binh cgc yfiu tfi
3 69 1.1 5 Ofingy
4.02 4 17
4.38
4.28
4.11 0 93 0.86
0.69
0.75 4 3 1 2
Odngy D o n g y
Hoan toan d d n g y Hoan toan d o n g y
(Chu Ihich: DTB: Diim trung binh: DLC: Do Ifch chudn: TH: Thii hang) Sfi 17 thang 5/2019 101
NGHIEN CUU THirCTllN GlAO DUC
mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien deu dugc danh gia d mue do "ddng y" (5/5). Qua phong vSn da so CBQL,GV deu hieu rang 'Wo/ dung xdy dung mdi truang vgt chdl" la quy djnh khi xay dung trudng MN. Ngay nay, trudng MN dang dugc dua vao kiem dinh chat lugng GD va yeu td dSu tidn dugc danh gia la dieu kien can va du la mdi trudng vat chat. Ngoai ra, he thong dien trong ldp hoc dam bao an toan, tat ca d cim dien cd djnh va di ddng dugc dat xa tam tay tre Nha tnrdng dam bao ldi thoat hiem, cd h? thdng phdng chay chua chay, cd phuong an thoat hiem khi cd su cd. NhiJmg trudng MN dugc xay dung sau nay se dugc thiSt kg theo quy djnh xay dung trudng MN, dugc dat each xa noi khu dan cu ddng diic, tranh dugc tieng dn, khdi, bui.
b. Ngi dung xdy dung moi truang tdm li, xd hoi an lodn, Idnh mgnh. thdn thiin a truang MN (thuc trgng xay dung mdi truang tdm li, xd hdi an todn, Idnh mgnh, thdn thiin (xem Bang 4)
K6t qua khao sat y kien cua ndi dung nay dugc danh gia chua cao. Npi dung chuang trinh GD MN doi hdi phai ro rang, phii hgp vdi dinh hudng phat trien GD qudc gia, chii trgng tinh thuc tiln, de cao GD dao due, ldi sdng, kT nSng sdng cho tre mang tinh truyen thdng va dam da ban sac dan
tgc. Tuy nhien, ndi dung chuang trinh vua dugc cap nh?it, thi lai cd su thay ddi khac phii hgp ban khien CBQL, GV gap khd khan trong viec lam quen vdi cac ndi dung mdi.
c. Cde hogl dgng ddm bdo mdi truang GD an todn, Idnh mgnh, thdn thiin eho tre a tnrdng MN (xem Bang 5)
K6t qua khao sat d Bang 5 cho thdy. hau \ikt can bg. GV, nhan vien trong tnrdng d6u dugc nha trudng td chiic t|p huin so cSp cuu, dugc thuc hanh cac kT nSng so cuu ban dku cho tre nhu di vat dudng thd. hde sac do bdt, s$c do cac dj vat khac, xir li vdt thuong chay mau, hdc xuong, gay xuong..., cac kl n5ng phdng chdng dich b?nh, phong ngg ddc thijc pham do cae bac sT d cac b?nh vien quan, trung tam y tk du phdng tap huan, phdi hgp vdi cac don vj cong an thanh phd tap huan phuang an chiJa chay "cuu hg, ciru nan" hang nam.
2 . 3 . IVIot so bi$n phap xay diTng mdi tnrdng giao due, an toin, lanh manh, than thien cho tre d c i c tnfdng mam non qu|ii Binh Thanh, T h i n h pho Ho Chi Minh
2 . 3 . 1 . Nang can nhan thifc cho can bo qudn l i , giao vien, nhan vien ve t a m quan t r g n g cua viec xay dimg moi tnfdng g i i o d^c an t o a n , lanh m a n h , than thien trong trifdng mam non V i e c n a n g c a o n h a n t h u c c a n t i e n h a n h n g a y n j t h d i diera
B i n g 4: Npi dung xay difng mdi trifdng t a m li, xa hoi an t o i n , l i n h m a n h , t h i n thien d trifdng M N
Noi dung GD can gan giji vcli thilc tien, mang dam ban sac dan tpc. c6 du tai lieu cho CBQL. 6V, nhSn vifin nghien CL(IJ
Trfi dugc quan tam, ctiia sfi, dU0c do! xif cfing bSng, difOc tham gia, tio trO phat trien cac nSng liic ca nhan.
Cd dil can bo, GV, nhan vien Iheo yeu cau, quy dinti, co li lich ro rang, dap ilng cac yeu cau ve cfiuin nghe nghiep GV, chuan hieu tniilng.
3 68 1.04 5 Dfing y
3.91
4 46 0,95
0.61 4 1
Dong J
Hoan t o ^ d6ngy
Moi quan hg giOa cac doi lildng trong moi tn/dng GD, cong khai B6 quy tac ilng Y.<^ d6i vdi cac thSnh . ^ . - g ^ g
vi6n trong va ngoai nha tnJiing. Dfing y
Giam sat, ki^m tra viec thVc hign B^ quy tSc ifng xuf tloi vfli ckc thanh vien trong va ngoai nha . ^ Q g g tnfdng
Diem trung binh cac yeu t5 4.09 06ng#
(Chu Ihich: DTB: Diim trung binh; DLC- Dg lech chudn: TH- Thuhgng) Bang 5: Cac hoat dpng d i m b i o moi trifdng GD an t o i n , lanh m a n h , than thipn cho Uh d trUdng M N
can BO. GV, nhan vign dUdc tap huan vi each xif li cac tinh huong sd cifu, each sif dyng cac quy dinh an toan trong tn/dng iwiN
2 xay di/ng bau khong khi vui ti/di, lanh manh trong nha tn/ilng. Xay dung Bfi quy t i c ifng xif 3 Di/a vao ke hoach nam hgc, ke hoach chuyen mon, cac hoai dpng lap the.
. Giam sat, XLf II nghiem tinh tr^ng b^o li/c hoc dUdng, gaiy mat an toan, l i n h manh trong nha tn/dng T6ng k^t, danh gid va khen thifdng
4.19 0.82 3 0 * i g y 415
4.34
o.e 0.73
4 2
Ddngy HoJn l o * dongy
Di^m Injng binh c i c y€u td 4.28
(Chii Ihich DTB- Diem trung binh. DLC: Do Ifch chudn. TH. Thiihtngl
102 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
bat diu xay dung kk hoach va trign khai kk ho^ch, cd the trong suot qua trinh thi^c hi?n kd hoiich.Trudc hSt, phai xac djnh cho CBQL, GV higu myc tieu cua hoat dpng xay dytig moi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi?n. Neu mdi trudng GD tai nha trudng khdng dam bao cac thanh td an toan, lanh manh, than thien thi se khong tao dugc uy tin, su tin nhi?m cua cap tren va dat bi?t la phu huynh tre.
CBQL, GV nghien cuu cac ngi dung, nguydn tac, tieu chuan xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, chuin danh gia hi?u trudng, phd hieu trudng va chuan nghe nghiep giao vifin MN cd cac ndi dung lien quan den viec xay dung mdi tnrdng GD b3ng nhilu hinh thue nhu td chiic cac budi hpp, thao luan, phat tai lieu ve chuan cho giao vien tir nghien ciiu, td chiic sinh hoat chuyen mdn.
Ngoai ra, CBQL, GV can phdi hpp tot vdi cac td chiic chinh tri xa hdi trong nha trudng nhu Cdng doan, Doan Thanh nien trong cdng tac tuyen truyen, phat dong phong trao xay dyng tnrdng hpe than thien, ndi khdng vdi bao luc hpc dudng. CBQL can khoi ggi cho cae giao vien tre, doan vien thanh nien Idng yeu nghe, nhiet huyet trong cdng viec, t\r h^o la GV MN bang each chi rd cho GV tre nhan thiic dugc nhi?m vu cao ca eiia GV trong cdng tac uam mam cho dat nudc.
2.3.2. Boi difdng kien thlKc chuyen mdn cho can bp quan li, giao vien, ntiin vign v i xay dUng moi trifdng giao due an toan, lanh manh, than thien
T\r hpc, tlf bdi dudng, ti/ ren luyen thdng qua hoat dpng thyc tiln, tk\ lieu va cac van ban hien hanh. Vi?c bdi dudng kien thiic chuyen mdn cho CBQL, GV, nhan vien ve kien thitc va kT ning thuc hien xay d\mg mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, thSn thiSn co the tien hanh trong hoac ngoai nha trudng.
Trong truang: Td chiic hpc tap day du, nghiem tuc cac npi dung xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi?n de dpi ngQ CBQL, GV hieu rd vi tri, vai trd cua hoat dpng xay dymg mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi^n d trudng MN, nhan thiic duoc trach nhiem ciia hp trong boat ddng nay. Tir do, giiip GV cd nhimg suy nghT, djnh hudng diing dan trong xay dimg cac hoat dpng tao mdi hirdng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tre.
Ngodi trudng: Tham gia hpc tap cac chuyen dd, td chiie cac budi sinh hoat ngo^i khda do nha trudng td chitc, cac h§i thao, hOi nghi cua sd, phdng giao due va dao tao trien khai va hudng dSn th^c hien xay dung mdi trudng GD tich c\rc cho tre MN. D^ng vien, khuyen khich, tao dieu kien hd h"p vk thdi gian, kinh phi cho CBQL, GV d\r hpc cac ldp bdi dudng nhan thiie, nang cao nang lire ve cdng tac xay d\mg m6i trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien,
2.3.3. flay manh huy dpng cac ngudn life ve tai chinh v i ctf sd vat chit, phUdng tien, thi^t b| phuc vu cho viec xiy ddng moi trifdng giao due an toin, linh manh, than thien
CBQL, GV nghien ciiu kl cac van ban phap li hen quan den vi^c xSy dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thi?n de chu dpng tham mmi, dk xuat vdi cip cip lanh dao.
chinh quydn dia phuang, Ban dai dien cha me phu huyn hpc sinh tre thuc hien tdt van ddng, chu dpng tim kidm cac ngudn tai trg. CBQL, GV liet ke cac trang thiet bi, co sd vat chit cin dugc trang bi nham dam bao cdng tac xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tre trong trudng MN.
De cdng tac huy ddng cac ngudn luc xay dung co sd vat chit, phuang tien, thiet bi phuc vu cho viec xay dung mdi Trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien cho tre cho tre dat hieu qua, cac cip lanh dao, ban dai dien cha me phu huynh hpe sinh can biet dugc Igi ich ciia viec hd trg, phdi hgp thuc hien vdi nha ttudng. Vi vay, sau moi cong trinh, CBQL, GV cin cdng khai ve hinh thuc nhu ban dai dien cha me phu huynh hpc sinh da phdi hgp hd trg, cai tao khu vui choi cho tre. Hieu trudng can cdng khai de bang cdng trinh cha me phu huynh hgc sinh, hoac cdng khai ve tai chinh thu, chi hp va gui thu ngd cimg hinh anh minh hpa cu the den tay timg phu huynh tre de mdi phu huynh tre nhiin thay vai trd ciia minh trong cdng tac xay dung mdi tnrdng GD cho con.
2.3.4. Ngi dung xay ddng moi trtfdng giao due an toan, lanh manh, than thien difdc long vao ke hoach phat tri^n ehung eua nha trifdng
Ndi dung xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien dugc long vao ke hoach phat tnen chung cua nha trudng, cd quy dinh ro nhiem vu cu the cua cac ca nhan, bd phan, mdi quan he giira cac ca nhan va bp phan trong nha trudng trong viec xay dung mdi tnrdng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien.
Xay dung va phat tridn mdi trudng lanh manh, tao dieu kien ve cac phuong tien thdng tin, giai tri phuc vu cho sinh hoat. Phat hanh sach, tai lieu phd bien ve ngi dung xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien, xay dung tii sach chuyen mdn cd dii sach bao, tao mdi trudng thuan Igi nhit dk CBQL, GV phat huy nang luc sang tao cua minh.
Tao tinh thin thoai mai, it ap luc trong qua trinh cdng tac. Quan tam kip thdi cac che dp chinh sach cho GV (nang luong, khen thudng, che do nghi de, nghi dm, tham quan, hgc tap,...), quan tam den che dp ho trg cho GV cd hoan eanh khd khan. Tao bin khdng khi su pham, doan ket than ai trong nha trudng. Tao mdi trudng than thien, dgng vien CBQL, GV manh dan thao luan, phat bidu hay thur nghiem cac y tudng sang tao dem lai hieu qua trong cdng tac xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien. Ddi vdi cac luc lugng cd lien quan tham gia xay dung moi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien can to chiic hop mat 1 nam 2 lin nhim ttao ddi, giao luu, gdp y ve cac cdng viec xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien ciia nha trudng.
2.3.5. Tang ctfdng kiem tra, ffanh gia khich quan viec xiy difng mdi trddng giao due va lam tdt cdng tac tbi dua, khen thifdng cho cac td chdc, ca nhan cd thinh tieh trong cdng lac quin li T a n g cudng kiSm tra thuc td, d u g i d tham ldp dgt xuat dk kigm tra mdi trudng GD U^ong ldp. each bd ttr cac boat dOng, each cham sde, giao tilp gitra GV vdi tre, tte vdi ttd va tre vdi ngudi dkn tham ldp du gid, nim bat tinh hinh van 56 17 thang 5/2019 103
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dung li thuyet vao thirc tien ciia GV. Qua each tte tham gia cac boat ddng, giao tifip ciia tre, se danh gia dugc phin nao each hudng dan, xay d^ng mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien ciia GV, danh gia mirc dg tien bp, tnrdng thanh cua giao vien lan sau so vdi lan tnidc.
Cdng khai trong viec kiem tra, thudng xuyen giam sat qua trinh kiem tra, danh gia nham phat hien nhirng thieu sdt hoac khdng phii hgp vdi cac tieu chi danh gia de kip thdi dieu chinh giup GV thuc thi nhiem vu diing hudng, diing thdi gian quy dinh dat hieu qua. Cac kdt qua kiem tra cin dugc cu the boa, cdng khai va ddi chieu, so sanh. Sau khi kiem tra, danh gia can nit kinh nhiing cdng tac cdn ban che, cdng khai tuyen duong nhirng td chuyen mdn va ca nhan dien hinh trudc hdi ddng su pham, tao ddng luc cho cac thanh vien phan dau .
3. Ket lu$n
Xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh manh, than thien
cho tre d eac trudng MN la ndi dung hSt sire quan ttgng ttong t>di canh hi?n nay, gdp phan quan trgng trong vi?c dam bh chit lugng cham soc, GD 0^, xay dung uy rin. thuong hi?u cho trudng MN, Qua phan tich va khao sat thuc trgng, nh|n thay thuc ttang xay dung mdi ttudng GD an toan, lanh m ^ , than thi^n d cac trudng MN qugn Binh Thanh, Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh cdn nhi^u bit cgp, ban che. Nhgn thuc ciia CBQL, GV cdn chua dung v^ hoat dpng xay dung an toan, lanh manh, than thien d trudng MN, ki nang, kien thuc chua viing, vi?c ISp ke hogch chua cu the, kiem tra danh gii th\rc hi?n cdn chung chung, eo sd vat chat edn han che va su phii hgp vdi cac luc lugng ngoai nha trudng cdn yeu, chua dap img dugc yeu cau GD, can thiet cd cac bi?n phap nham nang cao hieu qud xay dung mdi trudng GD an toan, lanh mgnh, thkn thi^n cho tre d cac trudng MN noi chung, d quan Binh Thgnh,Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng la van de cd tinh cap thiet, cd y ngbTa li lugn va thue tien.
Tfli II9U tham khao
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thuang tich trong CO so gido due mdm non (han hanh kem theo thong tu s6 I3/2010/TT- BGDDT ngay 15 thang 04 nam 2010 cua Bp trudng Bo Giao dye va Dao tao).
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SOME MEASURES TO BUILD A SAFE, HEALTHY AND FRIENDLY EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOLS IN BINH THANH DISTRICT, HO CHI MINH CITY
Le Hieu Hanh 11A Kindergarten 474 Le Qjang Oinh St.. n ward, Bmh Thanh distnct, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email' hieuhanhle@[)mail.com
ABSTRACT: The positive educational environment, including all the physical and mental conditions affecting the educating and learning activities, as well as the practicing and developmental process of learners, has always been a concern. A positive educational environment is a safe, healthy anti friendly environment, in which learners are protected, from either physical ot mental harm, social evils, or violence; where learners, managers, teachers, and employees have healthy lifestyles and decent behaviours; learners ate respected, treated fairly, equally and compassionately; where democracy is promoted and conditions are created to develop their personalities afid potentials. Building a safe, healthy and friendly educational environment e the responsibility of many sectors, manager levels, and society. The artkde mentioned some measures to build a safe, healthy and friendly educational environment for children in preschools with a view to contributing to ensunng that children can live, study, play, and develop their personalities, to meet actual society innovation requirements.
KEYWORDS: Measures t o build a positive educational environment; a s a l e ; healthy u ' friendly educational environment.
104 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VitT NAM
