PHAT TRIEN BEN VCfNG
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Lieu ca ngCp co tiep tuc "CLPU"
Xk thuy san nam 2013?
D T h a i P h u ' d n g
XK THUY SAN TRONG NAM 2012 DAT MU'C TANG TRU'ONG KHIEM TON 0 , 3 % SO V O I NAM 2 0 1 1 , VOI GIA TRI 6,13 TY USD. DUY TRI DU'OC 5 1 / TANG TRU'ONG Dl/ONG, DU RAT NHO CUA NGANH CHU YEU LA NHO VAO SU" GIA TANG XK T O I 5 0 , 1 % CUA MAT HANG CA NGU". CA NGL/ DANG DU'OC KY VONG TIEP TUC TOA SANG TRONG BLTC TRANH TOAN CANH DAY KHO KHAN CUA XK THUY SAN NAM 2 0 1 3 , TRONG TINH TRANG KINH TE SUY THOAI KEO DAI TOAN CAU.
T i n h h i n h c a c t h j t r u ' a n g c h i n h
NhatBdn
Theo Globefish, tieu thu ca ngir mat to trong cac thang dau nam tang, nhung gia ban trung binh van d miic tha'p. Ca ngir vay xanh nudi tir Mexico XK sang Nhat kha nhieu, nen ciing anh hudng den gia ban cac loai khac.
Vi nhu cau ea ngir pham ca'p Sashimi khdng dn dinh, nen thi trudng Nhat eari nhieu loai san pham ea ngir ddng lanh, nha't la than ca ngir, do dd NK than ea ngir ddng lanh loai thit dd tir nhieu nguon tren the' gidi tang len. Ngudi dan Nhat ding kha ua chupng loai ea ngir van cSt mie'ng de lam mdn nudng trong
vu he tir thang 3-6. Do nguon dir trii tha'p nen gia Ipai ea nay dang tang tai Nhat, ben c?nh dd la cac ye'u td'anh hudng khae nhu dong yen dang ma't gia va canh tranh gay gat vdi cae nha may che'bieh do hop cua Thai Lan.
Nam 2012, Nhat Ban nhap tren 247.160 ta'n ca ngir, tang nhe so vdi nam 2011, trong do NK ca
J V S A N / S I J 161 / n U H G 5 - (
PHAT T R I E N BEN VLfNG
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ngif vay xanh va ca ngir mat to tuoi tang dang ke, nhimg nguon cung ca'p ea ngir vay xanh mien Nam ddng lanh lai thap. Thj trudng than ca ngir ddng lanh tieh trien td't, vi vay NK trong nam 2012 ding tang.
My
Nhu ca'u ca ngir khdng ddng hdp aia thi trudng My tang len trong nam 2012, ngudi dan rat ua chupng than ca ngir ddng lanh va ca ngir lot da tuoi va udp lanh, do do NK cac hang mue nay tang lan lupt 32% va 7,8% NK than ca ngir ddng lanh khdng dung de ddng hop nam 2012 dat 22.837 tan so vdi 17.316 tan nam 2011; eac nha eung ca'p ehinh la Inddnexia, Philippin va Viet Nam. NK than ca ngit ha'p chin de ddng hop dat 65.000 tan.
May nam vira qua, tieu thp ca ngir hpp giam, nam 2012 da giam khoang 12% so vdi nam trude, nguyen nhan la tinh hinh kinh te khd khan, gia ban le eao, ngudi tieu dimg khdng hai long vdi cha't lupng san pham va nhimg rac rd'i lien quan de'n ham lupng
thuy ngan trong ca. Viee hai nhan hieu noi tie'ng Bumble Bee va Chicken of The Sea tu nguyen trieu hdi san pham gan day do sai Idi trong khau ddng hop eang lam ma't Idng tin cua ngudi tieu dimg hon niia.
Su sa Slit ciia thi trudng khie'n khdi lupng NK ca ngir hdp nam 2012 giam tdi 14,3%, tuy gia tri {761,3 trieu USD) tang 5,8% do gia tang tren khap the' gidi. NK ca ngir hop thit trang ngam nude mud'i giam tdi 20,4%, NK ca ngir ddng hii giam nhe 1,1%. Thai Lan la nha cung cap so' 1 ve ea ngir hop cho My, mac dii nam vira qua eiing da giam gan 18%.
Chau Au
Do gia tang nen cac nude EU giam NK tir eac ngudn cung ca'p chau A truyen thd'ng nhu Thai Lan, Philippin,....ma tang NKtir cac nude chau Phi do khdng phai chiu thue. Tong NK ca ngir do hop, ca ngif che'bie'n/ed bao quan vao EU dat 447.579 tan, trj gia 2,47 ty USD, giam 3,5% ve khd'i lupng nhung lai tang tdi 14,4%
ve gia tri. Dau nam nay, EU tang
Ca cau t h j trucrng n h a p k h a u ca ngC^ Viet Nam
Tuy n id 2%
C a n a d a j r
2% 1
Cac thj tripong khac
22%
Ixraen ' ^ S H ^ ^ ^ H Nhat Ban
9%
han ngach NK than ca ngir ha'p chin khdng phai chiu thue' len 22.000 tan.
Thi truong khac Trung Qud'c la thi trudng ca ngif hpp nhd nhung dang tang manh. Nam 2012 Trung Qud'c NK 6.193 tah (+19,1%), tri gia 30,4 trieu USD (+32,6%), chu ye'u la tir Han Qud'c.
Thai Lan, nha XK ea ngif hpp Idn, dang phai trai qua giai doan sut giam manh tren nhieu thi trudng. Nam 2012, XK ea ngir hop aia Thai giam tdi 20,5% ve khdi lupng va 1,5% ve gia tri so vdi nam 2011. Cac nha NK chinh ciia Thai la My va EU deu giam, trong dd My giam mgnh nhat, hon 30% trong nam 2012.
Theo danh gia cua Globefish, nam 2013 nhu cau ca ngir hdp eiia cae thi trudng ehinh la My va EU cd the nhu nam ngoai. Gia ca ngif van cd ve se nam lai d miic tren 2.000 USD/tan, nhung rat nhieu kha nang cae nha che'bie'n ca ngif se dieu chinh gia ban de bii chi phi san xua't tang. Trong vai thang tdi, du kieh trong cac sieu thi Idn d chau Au va Bae My se xua't hien ngay eang nhieu ca ngir hpp dan nhan sinh thai, che bie'n tir nguon nguyen lieu khai thac bang eau can khdng dimg thie't bi du ea.
Gia ca ngif the giai dang tang
Nhu ca'u ea ngir ndi chung ciia the' gidi dang d miie vira phai, nhung do san lupng khai thae han che nen nguon cung toan cau d miic tha'p. Vi vay, gia ca ngir nguyen li^u dang tang.
PHAT TRIEN BEN VCfNG
trong do gia ca ngir lam nguyen lieu che'bieh ca ngir hpp da tang dang ke. Day la dac diem noi bat nha't ciia thi trudng ca ngir the' gidi cud'i nam 2012 va quy 1/2013 vira qua.
Tai cac ngu trudng chinh nhu Ddng Thai B'mh Duong, do san lupng tha'p nen gia ca nguyen lieu tang. Hdi dau nam d miic 2.350- 1.900 USD/tan; trong thang 3 ca ngir van ddng lanh lam nguyen lieu ban eho Thai Lan d mite 2.300 USD/ta'n. Tai vimg Tay Thai Binh Duong, san lupng khai thae kha hon nhung gia ea ngir van cung d miic 2.200USD/tan, du kieh tir thang 4 trd di gia se tang len. Hdi thang 3, ca ngir vay vang d An Dp Duong, loai lOkg/con trd len, cd gia giao tai tau la 2.200 euro/
tan, cdn tai Italia va Tay Ban Nha d mire 2.600 euro/tan, gia ca ngir van tang len 1.800 euro/ta'n (GIF Tay Ban Nha).
Tai viing dai Tay Duong, san lupng kem nen gia ca ngir van d Abidjan giu viing d mire 1.600 euro/tan va ea ngir vay vang la 2.400 euro/tan.
Xuat khau ca ngCf cua Viet Nam
Ngudn ca ngir nguyen lieu chii ye'u cua nude ta la ea ngir vay vang, ca ngir van, ea ngir mat to va mpt sd' loai ca ngir kich cd nhd, nhu ngir soc dua, ngir 6 va ngir ehii, v.v...
Cac loai ca ngir dai duong nhu ca ngir vay vang va ca ngir mat to chu yeii dupe XK dudi dang ddng lanh nguyen than, bd dau, vay va ndi tang. Mpt khd'i lupng khac dupe che' bie'n dudi dang than ddng lanh va ca eat mie'ng.
Cac loai ca ngir nhd hon dupe ehe' bieh dudi dang do hpp va ddng hii. Ty trpng XK ea ngir dang nguyen lieu nhu sd'ng, tuoi va ddng lanh van chie'm pha'n ehii ye'u vdi tren 62% td'ng gia tri XK (354,2 trieu USD nam 2012).
Tir nam 2006 de'n nay, ea ngir da trd thanh mdt trong nhirng mat hang thuy san XK ehinh mang lai gia tri ngoai te dang ke cho nganh.
Td'c dp tang trudng XK ciia nganh ea ngir trong gan 10 nam
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 IQ Tong XK ca ngi> • Nguygn lieu • Da ctie bien]
gan day dat kha eao, rieng nam 2009 giam nhe 4,1%, cdn hau het cac nam deu dat miic tang tren 25%/nam, trong do nam 2010 dat miic tang ky luc 59,9% so vdi nam 2009
Nam 2012 vira qua, XK ca ngir eung t^o dupe siic bat phi thudng, dat 569,4 trieu USD, tang 50,1% ve gia tri so vdi nam 2011, mac dii tinh trang tieu thu sa Slit cua nhieu thi trudng Idn va dieu kien san xua't trong nude ngay cang cang thang do gia dau vao gia tang, vdh tin dung han che' va an ninh ba't on cua cac ngu trudng xa bd.
Nam ngoai, ca ngii nude ta da duoe XK sang 96 nude va viing lanh tho. XK ea ngir tang nhay vpt chii ye'u la nhd su gia tang NK manh ciia eae thi fcrudng Idn nhu My, EU (Diie, Italia, Tay Ban Nha), Nhat Ban, Ixraen,..., trong do thi trudng My dat gia tri NK Idn nha't vdi tren 244,7 trieu USD, tang 42,8% so vdi nam 2011, chiem 43% td'ng gia tri XK ca ngir aia nude ta.
Thi trudng My dang duy tri miic tang trudng rat eao ve NK ea ngir eua VN ke tir nam 2008.
Nam 2012, Viet Nam diing thit 3 ve XK than ca ngir ddng lanh cho My va thi trudng nay eung tieu thy ca ngir do hop va che bie'n nhieu nha't ciia Vi^t Nam.
Du doan. My se tie'p tuc tang NK ca ngir eiia nude ta. Tuy nhien, ca ngif vay vang cat mie'ng va than, ne'u xir ly bang CO nhap vao My cd kha nang se phai ehiu thue'.
Trong nam 2012, thi trudng EU la nha NK ca ngir Idn thii 2 aia Viet Nam (113,8 h-ieu USD,
PHAT TRIEN BEN VONG
"Ik.
chie'm 20% td'ng gia trj XK ca ngir) va Cling dat td'c dp tang trudng tren 43% so vdi nam 2011. Trong do Diic chu ye'u nhap ca ngir do hop va che' bieh, edn Italia va Tay Ban Nha chu ye'u la ca ngir ddng lanh. Dang lini y, NK nhieu mat hang thuy san eua chau Au dang trong tinh trang kha tri tre, nhung NK ca ngir hop eiia chau lue nay van tang kha, day eung la mang thi trudng tieu thu ca ngif do hop va ehe' bie'n Idn thii 2 cua nude ta.
Nhat Ban la thi trudng tieu thu dang ke ca ngir aia nude ta, chu ye'u la ea ngir dai duong ddng lanh Sau nhieu nam NK ca ngif tif Viet Nam suy giam, tir nam 2010 de'n nay NK cua nude nay da phuc hdi dan va lien tuc dat miic tang kha manh vdi tren 20%/nam giai dogn 2010-2012, rieng nam 2011 tang 99,4%. Nam 2012 dat gia tri nhap tren 54,2 trieu USD, tang 23,1%
so vdi nam 2011. Co hpi de Vipt Nam cd the day manh XK ca ngir sang Nhat la vdi mat hang than ea ddng lanh va ca nguyen than ddng lanh sau.
So li^u mdi nhat ve XK thuy san trong quy 1 vira qua cho tha'y XK ca ngir cung dang tie'p tuc phat huy vai trd tien phong trong nhdm mat hang chinh. Gia tri XK quy 1 dat tren 154 tri^u USD, tang 18,8% so vdi eiing ky nam 2012. Miic tang trudng nay ra't cd y nghia khi so sanh vdi su sut giam ciia tdm (-2,6%) va cua ea tra (-8,7%).
Tang trudng NK dupe ghi nhan d mpt so thi trudng nhu My, EU, ASEAN, Ixraen vv....
10 DN XK cd nKii \(m nhat, Quf 1 nim 2013 TT
1 2 3 4 5
Doanh nghiep Foodtech Co., Ltd Havuco Thinh HunR Co, Ltd Yueh Chyang Co HonR Ngoc PTE
Gia tri (USD) 16 685.298 15 109 471 14 384 490 14164 866 12 188 003
TT 6 7 8 9 10
Doanh nghiep Highland Dragon Bidifisco
Hai Long NhaTrangSeafood Co , Ltd Tm Thmh Co., Ltd Anna S E A International Co, Ltd
G i i t i (USD) 9 301729 8,616769 8.472.933 8 212.723 7 723.590
Ty trpng XK ca ngir hdp tang kha manh (44,4%) so vdi cimg ky 2012.
Trong nhirng nam g&i day, XK ca tang trudng dang ke la nhd khai thac ca nguyen heu dupe eai thien nhieu. Nhieu tinh mien Trung da dau tu ddng mdi va nang ca'p thie't bi ntiieu tau Idn de danh bat xa bd, bam bieh dai ngay va eai tie'n phuong tien bao quan san pham.
Theo Bp NN&PTNT, nghe khai thac ea ngir dai duong da phat trien rpng ra mpt so tinh nhu Nghe An, Thira Thien-Hue'...., ben canh cac tinh ed nghe lau ddi nhu Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Khanh Hda, Phii Yen, Kien Giang, Ca Mau,... tuy nhien Binh Dinh, Phii Yen, Khanh Hda van la cac tinh trpng diem, cd san lupng khai thac Idn.
Bd'n thang dau nam nay, Phii Yen va Binh Dinh dat san luong ca ngif khai thac tang manh so vdi nam ngoai, Binh Dinh udc dat 3.020 tah tang 66,8% so vdi cimg ky nam trude; Phii Yen udc dat 3.900 tan; Khanh Hda udc dat 300 tan.
Nhu vay ra't nhieu kha nang ngudn cung nguyen Ueu cho che bie'n XK trong nam nay se doi dao. Va day la co hdi de Viet Nam tan dyng tinh trang thieii hut san lupng eiia nhieu khu vue thi trudng the gidi de gia tang XK.
Tuy nhien, mpt hien trang dang ra't ndng bdng hien nay la ca ngir khai thae bang nghe eau tay ke't hpp sir dung den eao ap de thu hiit ca cd chat lupng tha'p, ca thit ca khdng chac, lupng histamine cao, gay nhieu khd khan cho tieu thu san pham.
Nhieu DN che'bie'n cung ra't khd xir ly ngudn nguyen li^u nay vi khdng dii tieu chuan XK. Nghiem trpng hem, gan day da cd nhiing canh bao ve nguy co Vift Nam ed the ma't thi trudng dd'i vdi ca ngir d?i duong do nhirng san pham kem cha't lupng.
Cac CO quan chuyen mdn va quan ly nha nude can nhanh chdng vao cupc va tie'n hanh nghien ciiu th^n trpng, lam rd nguyen nhan lam m at chat lupng ea khai thac va su Ipi hai cua nghe khai thac mdi de dua ra nhiing khuye'n eao cd co sd khoa hpc va thue tien nham dinh hudng sir dung dung ngu eu khai thac. Cd nhu v^y mdi dam bao hi^u qua khai thae ben viing ciia ngu dan, gdp phan day manh ngudn nguyen lieu cho che bie'n XK ea ngir trong nam nay va tuong lai lau dai. •
T.P.
