XUC CAM THAIM IMi TRONG THO CONG GIAO VIET NAM

TAP CHi KHOA H p c TRlTONG BAI H p C HONG BlfC - SO 41.2018

XUC CAM THAIM IMi TRONG THO CONG GIAO VIET NAM

Nguyin Thi Kim H^ng'

TOM T A T

Hiin nay, tha Cdng gido dd dupe nghien ciru tu nhieu goc nhin khdc nhau nhu: Nghien cuu lich su van ddng vd phdt trien cda thi ca Cdng gido trong bdi cdnh phdt trien chung cua vdn hpc Cdng gido; Nghien cuu mdi quan he giira tha ca vdi tdn gido; Tim hieu ve cdc tdc gid tdc phdm tieu bieu vd nhicng dong gdp, nhung thdnh tuu cua tha ca Cdng gido. Song chua cd cdng trinh ndo nghien ciru ve nhiing sdc thdi biiu hien cua tinh cdm duac thi hiin trong tha Cdng gido. Trong bdi viit ndy, tdc gid se tap trung phdn tich nhiing xdc cdm thdm mi trong tha Cong gido, trong do ndi bat nhdt Id su giai bdy tinh cdm yeu min, tri dn Thiin Chua vd nhitng cdm xdc tinh te cua thi nhdn ve diic tin, vi tinh ddi, tinh dgo.

Tir khoa: Tinh cdm, tho Cdng gido Viet Nam.

1. DAT V A N D E

Tho Cdng giao la mdt bd phan cua van hpc Cdng giao ndi rieng va van hpc Viet Nam ndi chung, bao gdm cac sang tac viet ve Dao Thien Chiia. Ngudi lam tho ve dao Cdng giao cd the theo dao hoac ngoai dao nhung cam xiic the hien trong cac tac pham nay duac khai ngudn tir tinh cam cua nha tha trudc nhimg van de thudc ve dao Cdng giao. Tho Cdng giao la mdt bp phan tho cd nhiSu gia tri trong ndn tha ea dan tpc, di sau tim hieu tha Cdng giao tu phuang dien ndi dung sac thai bieu hien cua tinh cam tham mi trong tho, chiing tdi mong mudn gdp them nhirng tu lieu de ddc gia cd the cd them mdt each nhin, mdt each danh gia ve gia tri ndi dung va thanh tyu nghe thuat ciia bp phan tha nay trong nen tho ca Viet Nam hien dai.

2. NOI DUNG

2.1. Tho* Cdng giao the hien tinh cam y^u min Thien Chi^a cua thi nhSn Cam hung diic tin chinh la cam hiing xuyen sudt trong tho Cdng giao, no thdi thiic nha tho hoc Id, giai bay tinh yeu cua thi nhan vdi Thien Chiia. Ldi tha nhu ldi nguyen cau eua nha tha, nd thd hien sy quy hudng cua tam hdn, li tri ciia thi si vdi Dang thanh ma hp yeu mdn, thd phuang. Tir tinh yeu cua Thien Chiia ma con ngudi nhd due tin cua minh da nhan ra tat ca cudc sdng nay la hdng phiic Chiia thuang ban cho con ngudi, nha tho Thuy Nga da chia se rang: "Vdi nhOng cdm nghiem yeu thuong ve tinh Chua da ddnh cho toi vd nhiing ngudi thdn thuong, toi mudn dung ldi tho, tiing hdt de cdm tg. ngpi khen vd chuc tung Chua" (Trang Thap Ty, 2012a: 390). Bai tha Tdt cd Id hdng dn thuc su h d thanh ldi ca tung tinh yeu eiia Chua: "Tinh yeu Chua vuot nui non/ Cung Cha vdi Me cho con vdo ' Gidng vien bo mon Vdn hpc. khoa Suphgm. Trudng Dgi hoc Tdy Nguyen

TAP CHi KHOA H p C TRIfdNG BAI H p C H 6 N G BtTC - SO 41.2018

ddil Tinh yeu Thien Chiia khdng ngai/Soi con timg budc. goi mdi con theo/Dii con thdn phdn boi bio/.. /Tinh Ngdi chan chua yeu thuang/ Goi con theo Chiia vd nuang bong Ngdi" (Tdt cd Id hdng dn - Thuy Nga). Diep Lan Dinh vdi bai flio Mot ddi ca tung da dien ta tam dnh yeu m6n Thien Chua rit chan thanh. Cam xuc bao trim bai tho la niSm xiic ddng thieng Ueng, thanh kinh, tinh yeu cua tac gia ddi vdi Chda. Cam hiing dy da chi phdi gipng dieu cua bai tho: ''Con ca tung Chua tren dudng/.../ Con ca tung Chiia sudt ddi ciia con/Ngdy vi ndng dm xuyen hdn/Dem khuya Irdng lanh vdn cdn tung ca/Don gidn thoi Chua la cha/Ld tinh mudn thud cimg la dn nhdn/Dung nen con. yeu vd ngdn" (Mot ddi ca lung - Diep Lan Dinh;. Gipng dieu giai bay gin vdi tmh thin ddi thoai thieng lieng eua dio Cdng giao bdi le tho Cdng giap la ldi ddi thpai cua thi si vdi Chua trdi, khi ndi ehuyen voi Ding toi cao sieu hinh va thieng lieng thi con ngudi ludn thi hien tinh yeu qua thai dp day eung kinh, tdn thd vdi ni6m tin sSu sic. Ddng thdi phan ldn eae nha tho Cdng giao la nhung ngudi theo Chua, dire tin eua hp rat manh me, hp la cpn chien ngpan dao ludn mot long tnmg tin vdi Chua, tho ca Cdng giao eung la phuong tien d6 nha tho gui vao dd tam tmh yeu men, giai bay tim Idng thanh kinh suy tdn Thien Chiia. Sang tae tho ca trd thanh mpt hoat dpng the hien niem tin va long ySu m6n Chua trdi ciia thi nhan,' "Nhimg bai thdnh vinh, thdnh ca trong sdch Cuu udc duoc coi nhu nhimg chung tir niem tin ciia ddn Isael vdo Chita Giave vd long simg md ciia ddn thdnh ddi vdi Ngdi trong qud trinh cua mot lich su ddi ddng ddng. Cdng the nhimg ldi tha phdng phdt hucmg dao ciia ngudi tin huu Ihi nhdn cdng Id mdt minh chimg himg hdn nhirng cdm nghiem due tin sdu xa ciia ddn Chiia gido hoi Viet Nam" (Trang Thap Tu, 2012e: 124). Hd DzSnh qua nhigu bai tho da ndi len tinh than yeu men Diic nir ddng trinh Maria la me ciia Thien Chua: "Con nh& mot ldn dung ngdm trdng/ Giira vudn hoa dep rdng thenh thang/ Bdng ddu con nhd ldi tha no!

Dien Id dung nhan cua me rdng: "Me dep vd ngdn me trdng phau/ Gap nghin hoa hue. vein bo cdu/ Vd nhan sdc me khong Id gdm/Nhung del bdng huong rdt nhiem mau..."(Me dep vd ngdn - Hd Dz6nh). Thi nhan thd Id, giai bay tinh cam, men yeu ddi vdi Thien Chiia va Diic Me trong dio mdt each chan thanh, xue ddng. Cam hdng diic tin khdng chi tao nSn sv diang hoa Uong sang tao ma nd cdn gdp phin md rpng dd tai cung nhu lam phpng phii diem vl cam xuc eho thi ca Cdng giao. Cac dii si ea tung ve dep cua Due Me, ve dep thieng lieng ciia Chua trdi bing tit ca su mSn yeu, thanh kinh: "7?!; si khdc vi Me luyel xinh/Huang hao sdc gdm dep huyin linh (Me dep vd ngdn - Hd Dzdnh), "Tia lua mgl trdi xinh xan/ Ddp dinh roi thdng biip hoa/ Cdc giot suang dem chd sdn/ Ong len. xem Chiia chin Ida" (Huang thieng - Vii Diic Trinh),... Trong sd cac nhii tho Cdng giao, Han Mac Tir la nha tho ludn y thdc rd net nhit ve mdi quan he giira nghe thuat va ddi sdng tam linh, nhii flip cho rang nghe thuat khdng ehi md ta ddi sdng hien thue ma cdn cd vai trd thS hien ddi sdng tinh than, tinh cam, bilu hien thi gidi tam linh huyIn bi cua con ngudi, dio Cdng giao cua Han Mac Tu (cdn gpi la Tho ciu nguyen ma cudi dpi tae gia tu tay soan tho cua mmh dianh 2 tap Tha dgo (Tha cdu nguyen) va Tha ddi) trd thanh phuong tien d l nha tho ciu nguyen va giai bay tinh yeu vdi Thupng dl, la noi ma tam hdn thi nhan vuon din coi fliieng heng xa xdi, huyen dieu. Long tin nguong d dap giao tdn nghiem thieng lidng da

TAP CHJ KHOA HQC TRUd^NG BAI HQC HONG BUC - SO 41.2018

lam cho Han Mac Tir cd nhieu cam xiic mdi me dac biet, va chinh dieu dd khien dng ludn ca ngpi Thidn Chiia bang nhihig ldi tha tran day tinh yeu mdn. Ddi vdi Han Mac Tii, nhirng ldi Chiia day da trd thanh ddu kn trong tam thirc nha tha va thang hoa thanh nhiing dam me sang tao. Vi vay, khi phe binh tha Han Mac Tir, cac nha nghi6n ciiu da cho rang nhiing rung ddng tham my ft-ong tho Han Mac Tir ddu bdt ngudn tir tinh thuang bao la cua Thuang dd trong hanh ddng nhap thd ciiu chupc tdi loi cua nhan loai. Dd la mdt bien cd trpng dai va thi6ng lieng, bao hieu mdt tin mimg tir bao nam dpi chd, mong mdi, hanh ddng nhap the nay ket tinh cam xiic trong tha ve tinh yeu vd ngan cua Thien Chiia vdi con ngudi, va tha trd thanh tieng ndi mau nhiem ciia con ngudi dang len cam t^ tinh yeu ldn lao dd. Han Mac Tu quan niem tho ciing nhu tram huong tham bay len Chiia trdi chi tdn, chi thanh: "Tho anh se nhu trdm hucmg ngdo nggt/ Toa len cao long long giaa trdi xanh"

(Duyen ki ngd - Han Mac Tii), "Ta cho ra mpt dong tho rdt mat/ Moi tinh khoi vd thanh sach bang huong" (Ngudn tham - Han Mac Tir). Trong quan ni^m tho ciia Han Mac Tir, dng cho rang tai nang cua thi nhan la de phung su Chiia, nha tho phai dem het tai nang cua minh ra de tan hien, lam tho tung ea Chiia trdi vdi tat ca tinh yeu men vdi Ngai: "Thi si phdi dem hit tdi nang ra ca ngpi Ddng chi tdn vd lam cho ngudi ddi thdy ro ve dep cda thodi dua nhau tan hudng" (Nguyin Toan Thdng, 2007: 299). Thi si lam tha de mac khai, khai sang cho con ngudi biet ve dep cua cudc ddi: "Ngudi cd nghe tha mdu nhiem ra ddi/

De ca tung bang hoa huong sdng Idng/ Bang trdng hgt, bdng sao Mai chiiu rang/ Mpt dem xudn la rdt ddi anh linh" {Ave Maria - Han Mac Tir). Diic tin vao Chiia trdi la le sdng cua Han Mac Tir, la ngudn cam xiic dac biet dd ong sang tao tho ca. Han Mac Tu la mdt tin dd ngoan dao nen dng da tim dupe nhieu sy an iii tii tdm guong chiu dyng dau khd ciia Chiia va cua thanh nir ddng trinh Mana; eang dau khd bao nhieu dng cang trdng cay vao tinh ydu va sy an iii ciia Chiia, su che chd cua Dire Me. Vi the trong tho Han Mac Tii, Diic tin anh hudng rd ret den viec lya chpn chu de, npi dung va tao nen nhiing tinh cam tdn giao trong tha rdt ro net. Chinh cam himg ton giao va dire tin da md ra tho Han Mac Tir mpt thd gidi rdt rieng. Cd thd khdng dinh ddu dn dam net cua tinh yeu tdn giao trong tho Han Mac Tu. 0 nha tha cd su hai hda giiia hdn tha, su sang tao cua mdt nghe sT va tam hdn, tam Idng ciia mdt con chien ngoan dao. Sau Han Mac Tu, nhieu nha tho Cdng giao Viet Nam da tidp ndi quan niem tha cua dng va xem quan niem dy nhu kim chi nam cho boat ddng sang t^o tho Cdng giao.

2.2. Tho* Cong giao t h i hien su- tri an Thien Chua cua con ngtrdl

Sy tri an Thien Chiia da dem lai cho thi nhan su binh yen trong tam hdn. Tri an Thien Chiia din ddt cho tam hdn hudng thien, vj tha trong Diic tin ciia eon ngudi. Yeu td cd vai trd quydt dinh cua mdt tdn giao la Diic tin. Diic tin tdn giao la mdt dang nhan thiic dac biet, dya tren tryc giac, tao cho con ngudi mdt niem tin thieng lieng, giup con ngudi cd thd nhan thirc duoc nhiing sy vat ma li tri ciia con ngudi khdng thay dupe, cho con ngudi mdt siic manh tinh than sieu viet trong cudc sdng tam linh. Diic tin tdn giao thudng mang tinh chu quan, khdng can ly giai mpt each khoa hpc. Dd la dieu kien de con ngudi den vdi

TAP CHi KHOA H<IC TRlfCJNG BAI H p C HONG BtTC - S 6 41.2018

ton giao. Khdng cd Dire tin eon ngudi khd Idng din dupe vdi d^o. Ton giao hudng eon ngudi din edi thanh thien, cao khilt, bao gdm cac gia tri bit biln ve ddi sdng tam linh. Khi b l tie khdng thi giai quylt dupe ti-ong ddi sdng hiSn huu, con ngudi thudng tim den cac thi lue sieu nhien, thin thanh ed trong tin nguong hoac ton giao. Hp tin rang, cac the lye diin thanh d tdn giao cd quyln nang nhiem mau cd thi ciiu rdi eon ngudi, dan dat eon ngudi di din an yen. Thi nen. Due tin tdn giao thudng lii nilm tin tayet ddi, vd dieu ki?n.

Va ngupc lai, nhd Dire tin, cpn ngudi cd siic manh tinh thin vupt qua bi kich ea nhSn. Tho ca chinh la phuong tien giai bay nhirng xiic cam va khat vpng manh tiet ve Diie tin eua cac nha thp. Mat khae, ti-png tiiuc t l cudc sing, khi b l tic con ngudi thudng tim den Diic tin tdn giao, du la vd diuc, nhim giai thoat nhihig dau khd. Diic tin tdn giao trong tho tao nen su khoang dat, hu ao, bay bdng trong hdn tho, giiip dii nhan md rdng thi gidi cua tam tudng va cam hung tdn giao them mdt lin nila tao nen su thoat tue ma dudng nhu chi c6 trong khat vpng diieng lieng vl hanh phuc mien viln. Su tri an Thien Chua giao bat nguon tir su nuong cay hoan loan cua con ngudi vao tinh yeu va quyen nang ciia Dire Chiia Trdi, dong thdi dang hiln trpn ven tim Idng, cupc ddi cua minh cho Chiia (ngudi cd on thign trieu). Cae tin dd Thien Chua giao quan ni$m: vdi tam tinh phd thac va yeu min, Diic tin cho ngudi ta thay nhimg dieu ma ngudi ta khdng thay, hieu nhirng dieu ma ngudi khac khdng hilu, bilt nhirng dilu ma ngudi khac khdng bilt, kinh nghiem nhung dieu ma ngudi khac khdng he kinh nghiem, lam nhirng dieu ma ngudi khac khdng the lam va sdng theo each ma ngudi khae khong the sdng... Sdng bang Due tin, eon ngudi khdng ehi cd cai biet eua li tri, ma cdn la cai biet cua con tim, cai bilt eiia mdt tinh yen khap khat tim ve voi Dang loan Chan, toan Thien, loan MT. Dd ehinh la su trang bi, la dieu kien can thiet de moi ca nhan cd the di den mdt nhan each thanh loan. Cac nha tho ludn mang san trpng minh long mp dao va tim den tho ca mong giai bay su tri an Thien Chua. Mdi bai tho, can tho nhu la ldi kinh de cac nha tho lam cua l l eao quy, thieng li8ng, la l l vat dep nhit, tinh tiiy nhat de nha tho dang len Thien Chiia, minh chiing cho Idng bilt on cua mudi. Cung vdi nhieu nha tho Cdng giao khae, nha tho Nguyin Qudc Hai ludn tam nidm tho la phuong tien dl dli nhan bay td Idng tri an vdi Thien Chua, tae gia ttmg chia se: "Y thirc duac rdng hon tha la qud tdng ddc biet Thien Chua trao ban. ngudi tin hiiu thi nhdn mudn bdy to nhdng cdm nghiem dice tin ciia minh bdng cdch ddng len Thien Chua nhiing ldi tha vdi tat cd tdm tinh yeu min tri dn nhu nhimg tiing nguyin cdu" (Trang Thjp Tu, 2012c: 124).

Han Mac Tit lam tho trudc hit la dl giai bay nhirng Idng fri an, su flianh kinh. La mdt eon chien ngoan dao, ludn sdng ttong tinh hiep thdng vdi Chua, khi hanh phuc eung nhu khi dau khd, Han Mae Tii ludn tin tudng vao Chua, va le di nhien, tho ca chfah la tieng ndi the^ hien tinh yeu va long bilt on sau sic cua Han Mac Tu ddi vdi Chiia trdi va Me Maria 6ng da danh nhihig ngdn ngCi dep nhit, kinh ttpng nhit danh eho cac hinh tupng thieng lieng ciia ton giao nhu Thanh Nil Ddng Trinh Maria, Chda Hai Ddng d cac bai tho bat hu: Ave Maria. Dim xudn cdu nguyin. Ngudn tham. Ra ddi.... Han Mjc Til tim den Me Maria vdi tit ca nilm thanh kinh, tdn did ve dep tinh khilt thieng lieng va cam on su ciiu rdi linh hdn day dau thuong trong cupc sdng: "Toan ngdt di trong can me khoai

T ^ P CHl KHOA HQC TRtfCWG BAI HQC HONG PtTC - SO 41.2018

Igcl Me ddu yeu liin vdi din tay ndng" {Ngudn tham). Diic tin tdn giao trong tho Han Mac Tu, do do, gan lien vdi nhu cau giai thoat sd phan ca nhan. DT nhien, tat ca mpi tdn giao deu la ben bd niem tin ma con ngudi tim ddn mong giai thoat mmh khdi nhiing be tdc trong eupe sdng. Rieng ddi vdi Han Mac Tu, tim ddn Diic tin nhdm thda man "nhu cau giai thoat" la mpt dae diem ndi bat gan lien vdi cudc ddi ca nhan nhieu bi kich cua nha tha, lai vira la tam tu ciia ca mpt the he Tho mdi. Cudc "cuong hdn" cua van hda phuang Tay da thiic day sau sac y thirc ve cai tdi ciia cac ca nhan tu san, hp hang hai khdng dinh tai nang, mong mudn thyc hien udc mo, hoai bao. Nhung trong bdi canh "cam tu" ngpt ngat cua mot nude thudc dia, nhiing ca nhan tu san nhanh chdng rai vao tinh trang "tai cao phan thap chi khi uat". Trong can bd tac, tuy?t vpng, hp tim each thoat ly vao nhieu neo: thien nhien, tdn giao, tinh yeu. Trong do, tdn giao - mdt ITnh vyc sieu nhien va thdn bi, ludn mang hiia hen ve hinh anh mdt cdi khac, tu do va thanh binh, dd giiip eon ngudi tim thdy niem cam thdng, dan dat niem tin ve mien dat hiia. Khdng it nha tho mdi nhu Huy Can, Che Lan Vien, Dinh Hung,... da tim den tdn giao, tin d tdn giao nhu mdt diem tya cho tinh than, giai phdng nhung bi kich ca nhan. Trong ldp the he dy, cd le Han Mae Tu la nha tho mang tam trang bi thuang nhat. 0 dp tudi cang tran nhya sdng, nha tho mdc bdnh phong.

Nhiing can dau the xac, mac cam chia lia, nhiing giay phiit yeu dt tinh than da dua Han Mac Tii vao be tac. Vi the Han Mac Tir cd don tuy^t ddi, sau cung la ndi sdu van cd; "Sdu thdm hon mua Ignh, han hit u budn cua nuoc mdy" {Sdu van cd). Nhiing mahh vd cudc ddi ddn tu trong tam hdn Han Mac Tu, chi mdt bam viu duy nhat la tho va dao. Tho de giai bay long cay trdng va sy tri an, dao de tin yeu, tha va dao la ciru canh giai thoat cho cudc ddi nang ndi dau thuang ciia nha tho. Tho da trd thanh mdt thii Dao, mdt ly tudng: "Ta chdp tay lay quy hoan hdo/ Ngua trdng cao cdu nguyen trdng khong gian/ De viia ddng vua hiep bdn mua xudn/Nd mot luot gidu sang hon Thuong Di " {Dim xudn cdu nguyen).

Nhiing the hd khae nhau, nhiing phong each tho khdng gidng nhau da cd sy gap gd d khat vpng ve Dire tin, ve Idng yeu men Thien Chua. Va ho mong mudn tim den tha ca de giai bay su cay trdng vao hdng an cua Chita, sy tri an tinh yeu thuang cua Thien Chiia trong cupc sdng. c a c nha tho da ca ngpi quyen nang cua Thien Chiia va Diic Me trong tinh than ham an. Diic tin Thien Chiia nhu mdt ngudn an sung nhiem mau, cd quyen lye sieu nhien, ludn ben canh nhiing linh hdn dau khd, yeu thuang va ciiu rdi. Han Khe, mpt hdn tho Cdng giao tieu bieu cung mang nhieu dang net cudc ddi bi thuong nhu Han Mac Tii.

Trong nhiing thang ngay bi benh phong hanh ha, ndi dau the xac, am anh chia Ua, nha tho chi cdn duy nhat mdt niem tin de bau viu la Diic Me: "Me dung gidng tay ddng diu hiin/

Lang nhin thdu sudt coi vd bien/ Tung niem thuang min ra mudn neo/ Xoa diu dau thuang Idng muon phien " (Me ai con dd vi ddy - Han Khe). Ndi each khac, Diic Me va Chiia ludn yeu thuang va hien di^n trong mpi eanh hudng cudc ddi mdi con dan ciia Chiia. Tu day cd thd thdy, niem tin tdn giao vi the vua gan giii vira huyen ao, vira hien hiiu vira sieu linh.

Bai tho Bdi ca tinh di ciia Xuan Ly Bang the hien rat ro quan niem nay. Ngudn an phudc cua Chiia lung linh mau nhiem: "Chda xudng phudc nhu vdng ta rai rung " {Dodn qudn do trdng - Han Khe); Diic tin Thien Chiia vd bien va vTnh hSng: "Chinh Chua Id hien hOu/

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Khdng CO thiiy cd chung " (Suy nghi Clii ddu - Xuan Li Bang); ve nhiem mau eua Dire tm, su tri an fmh yeu cua Chiia tt-d thanh cam himg khoi mai khdng ciing, chip eanh cho tho ca thang hoa.

2.3. Thff Cdng gi4o giai b i y nhirng ban khoiin, lo au trudc thir (hach va dire tin cua con ngudi vol Thien Chiia

Chiia da mac khai nilm tin cho con ngudi hanh ngd, tuy nhien, khdng phai ai cOng giir dupe Ddc tin din cung. Bdi ban than ddi sdng vdn diy khd khan, bat ttac va nhieu cam dd; y chi eon ngudi dl bi mai mdn trudc nhimg that bai bi thuong; thien can trong ban tinh con ngudi cung dl dang bj danh guc bdi nhimg ham mudn, due vpng thap hen: "Dem tdi vi con lac long ba va/ Tim khdc khodi noi niem rieng sdu Idng/ Tdm hdn con khd khan vd Irong vdng/ Triing khai xa chua tim thdy bin bff' (Tmh Chiia - Li Thi Minh Khiem). Due tin cua nha thp Han M^e Tir ed thi xem la rapt minh chiing tieu bilu nhit cho due tin cua cac nha tho Cdng giao Viet Nam. La mdt tin do ngpan dao, Han Mac Tu tim dupe su an ui tir tim gupng ehiu dung dau khd cua Chiia Giesu, tim dupe su an ui noi Diie Me; eang dau khd bao nhieu dng cang tm tudng va ttdng cay vao Chua, vao Due Me bay nhieu: "Maria!

Linh hdn tdi dn lanh! Run nhu run thdn tic thdy long nhan/ Run nhu run hoi thd cham ta vdng.../Nhung long vdn thdm nhuan cm triu men/Lay Bd Id Ddng trinh luyin thdnh ven/ Gidu nhdn dice, gidu mudn hoc tir bi/. Cho tdi ddng led cdm ta phd nguy/ Can 1dm luy.

vica trdi qua dudi the" (Ave Maria - Han Mac Tu). Chinh Dire tin manh mg da nang dd, cuu rdi linh hdn, giai phdng tinh thin cai tdi ea nhan cd don eua nha tho. Dd khdng phai la su thoat li hien thue cua tho dao ma la khao khat chinh dang v l cudc sdng hanh phiic va binh an ttong tam hdn nha thp. Nhd su tin tudng v l on eiiu rdi ma con ngudi bilt hudng thien, sdng cd li tudng va udc mp, dd chinh la tac ddng tich cue cua tdn giao ddi vdi thp ca va vdi cupc sdng. Vdi nha thp Phi Tuylt Ba, tac gia cdng nhan thiy cudc sdng diy diii diach, nen eon ngudi phai ludn nguyen ciu Chua hien dien, cung cd nilm tin eho ban thto trudc nhirng cam dd cudc ddi: "Xin xoay mdi con. hdi Chua/Di con khdng mdi nhin theo nhimg cdnh sdc ddi lira/Xin xoay mdt con khdi mudn nghin quyin rd/ Ldi mdi chao lung linh. dm dnh. ddn dua./Xin xoay mdt con khdi moi diiu cdm dd/ Thi gidi hdm nay - Hgi Cha Phil Hoa/ Nai vat chdt dugc phd bdy quyin luc/ Tmh nghia nghet ngdi dudi muu chudc quy ma" (Xin xoay mdt con - Phi Tuylt Ba). Cupc diu ttanh ndi tam giiia cac can Hnh thien - ac, chinh - ta ttong bai tho Gidc ngu cua Le Qudc Han chinh la su tai hien sdng ddng cudc thu lua eiia Diie tin: "Tren cdnh budm ghi nhiing viec hdm nay da lam nhimg lai dd ndi: trong sdng - vd tu - hiin tic - gidi ddt... chiing tgo thdnh nhirng ldn sdng ngugc nhau mudn lgi up thuyin./ Chung tdi vugt qua nhicng biin den, noi nhOng nU than ddu ngudi minh cd dang say sua tau bdi ca biin cd vd hdng 1dm me hade hdn tdt"' (Gidc ngii - Le Qudc Han) nhung Chiia lai lin nila hien dien trong su kien dinh nilm tin d nhan vat ttii tinh, trd thanh ngudn cay ttdng, tilp them sue manh giup eon ngudi vuot qua: "Vdi niim tin trinh bgch thiing lieng 1dm ngon lua soi dudng ludt tdi, con thuyin da cdp bin binh yen trudc gid bdo ndi. trudc liing gd giuc gid binh minh" (Gidc ngu - Le Qudc Han). Su

T ^ CHi KHOA HQC TRlTCWG B^ HQC HONG BtTC - SO 41.2018

kien tri den ciing trong Diic tin Thien Chiia chinh la cam nghiem sau sac ciia cac nha tha.

Mong udc ve mdt Diic tin ben vung da trd thanh mot phan ndi dung ndi bat hong sang tac cua tha Cdng giao Viet Nam hien dai. Tat ca thii thach cua cudc sdng de lam thay ddi Diic tin ciia con ngudi. Cudc thu thach ciia Diic tin trudc bet dupe the hien qua nhan thiic ciia cac Kitd huu ve cac "nhan chimg Diic tm". Chiia den vdi eon ngudi dd con ngudi bidt sdng cd muc dich, cd con dudng soi sang chi ldi, bilt dya vao nidm tin d nai Chiia: "Bong bdt chat giaa dudng xa dam thdm/ Chua vong tay dan kin nhirng yiu thuang/ Tinh dat ddo menh mdng han dgi duong/ Con hgnh phuc nep ben ngudi em dm" {Tinh Chua ~ Li Thi Minh Khiem). Nhieu tac pham tha Cdng giao cung ndi ve nhimg tran trd cua con ngudi tren hanh trinh di theo Chiia ve Nude trdi: "Con hdi Chiia neo dudng len nui thdnh?/ Co phdi nghin vdt vd lam gai chdng/ Budc gap ginh chdn con khdng vimg mgnh/ Lam sao cdm chen ddng de xin vdng" (Loi hep - Thanh Huong). Sd di cudc ddi thi day chdng gai ma cd nhiing liic con ngudi thi yeu dudi tinh than va niem tin bi lay chuyen. Dau thuong, khd ai cua cupc ddi chinh la nhiing thu thach ma Chiia diing dd ren luyen diic tin cua con ngudi. Chinh Chiia cUng la tam guang ve hi sinh va chiu dau thuong. Khdng it bai tho md ta Diic Chiia trdi khiem cung, ty ha minh xudng tran gian, ganh chiu mpi dau ddn, phai chiu ddng dinh tren cay thap ty de ciiu rdi, dd thau mpi ndi dau cua con ngudi: "Con hdi Chda tgi sao Ngdi lua chpn/ Kiep nhdn sinh giua the gidi bgc tinh/ Trao tin yeu de rdi bi bdi phdn/ Yeu con ngudi lgi bi ngudi ddng dinh" {Loi hep - Thanh Huang). Dupe nhin thay nhiing "nhan chiing Diic tin" di trudc, con ngudi mdi cd the vuot qua mpi ganh nang va tdi ldi dang hdi budc minh, duoc tiep them ddng lye tinh than manh me, kien vihig hudng long ve Chua Giesu, la Dang khai md va kien toan Idng tin.

Ngoai ra, cac nha tha ciing giai bay nhirag ndi ban khoan ciia con ngudi d niem tin vao dao va hudng den mdt the gidi khae vdi hien thuc day bi kich cua thdi dai chien tranh:

"La Vang mua binh lira/ Bom nd tren gido dudng/ Tucmg reu phong bao phd/ Chanh long khdch hdnh huong... Dd qua mua binh lua/Nhin cdn gidng thdp chudng/ Cd hoang tren nin cd/ Le nhda hay khdi suang" {Truyin thuyit La Vang - Tran Quang Chu). Bang Ba Lan, mpt nha tha ndi danh thdi tien chien, den phiit chdt da di vao tha ca Cdng giao.

Nhung cd nhihig liie nha tho khdng khdi hoai nghi, tham ehi thieu niem tin: "Tdi khdng phdi mot tin do Cdng gido/ Thiiu niem tin, khdng quy Igy cdu kinh"{Dem gidng sinh - Bang Ba Lan). Nhung rdi, ciing vdi qua trinh cam dao, nha tha nhan ra mdt chan li rang cupc ddi neu khdng cd niem tin thieng lieng thi se trd nen vd nghTa, bo va, lac loai: "Thieu niem tin, ta cdm thdy ba va" (Cdm hda - Bdng Bd Ldn). Dudng nhu, siic manh vd hinh cita Dire tin Thien Chiia da giiip nha tho nhan ra sy hien dien ciia Chiia trong cudc ddi. Cudc sdng hien dai vdi nhieu bat trac, cam bay d l day con ngudi roi vao bi kich. Khi bat lye, con ngudi tim den tdn giao. Tdn giao can d con ngudi mdt Idng tin tuyet ddi, thanh sach va tan hidn. Nhung dudng nhu long tin dd cung dang dan dd vd trudc mdt hien thyc phi ly day ray cai ac, day ray sy gia ddi Ipc lira: "Con vdn den nhd thd/Du niem tin da chit/ Cdu kinh dpc vu va/Long hoang lanh o hd" {Vdn choi bo ngdi - Trdn Thu Mien). Con ngudi khdc khoai, lo au va day nghi ngd trong hanh trinh tim Chiia: "Vpc tay vdo niim tin/Nghe

79

TAP CHi KHOA Hpc TRIfPNG BAI HpC HPNG BtTC - S6 41.2018

hu khdng mdt coi/Mac khdi chua din Am/Ru hdi can me mudi' (Kinh dim - Nguyin Huy Hoang), "Cdu kinh nhgt bd moi" (Kinh budn - Trin Thu Mien), "Con rang nidi tren dudng ddi met mdi/ Hudng tuong lai xa lit tdp mit md/ Mudn trdc tra khien hon can ehdi vdi/Niu vdo ddu khi vdp ngd dgi khff' (Tmh Chua - Li Thi Minh Khiem), cac nha tho da giai bay nhiing ban khoan, nghi ngai, nhitng lo 3u ttong eupe sdng hien dgi, phai lam sao dl giii vUng dire tin chan chinh eua chinh minh la mdt trong nhiing can hdi diy ttan ttd mi cac thi nhan xoay sau va khdng ngimg tim kilm cau tra ldi. Vdi Diic tin, con ngudi ludn ip u mdt tinh yeu vdi Ding hp tdn thd ddng thdi khao khat tim ve vdi Dang tpan ChSn, tpaa Thien, toan Mi ttong sudt cudc ddi hp. Dd cdng chinh la dieu kien can thiet de mdi ea nhan cd the hudng hanh trinh Diic tin ciia minh den cimg dich la cd mdt nhan each thanh toan theo miu hinh myet dinh cua Diie Chiia. Chinh y nghTa cap dep, thanh thien dp da ttd thanh din lire thdi thue eae Kitd hilu len dudng kiem tim bang dupe Due tin. Cudc hanh Orinh dd day gian nan, khie khoai, tham chi ca hoai nghi, bi quan... Nhung mdt khi da tim ra chan li niem tin, hanh ngp Ddc tin, eae cpn chien san sang sing eupe ddi tSn hien. Vi ddi vdi ngudi ngh? sT, sang tao tho ca chinh la khat vpng tan hien manh liet va thieng Ueng nhat, idiu the tho ca Cdng giap chinh la phuong tien de the hien diy du cae eung bae sac thai tinh cam cua con ngudi, trong do cac thi nhan eung da thi hien rit rd nhimg ndi lo Su, nhung ban khoan nghi nggi ciia con ngudi ddi vdi diic tin tdn giao.

Tuy sang tae rat it v l de tai tdn giao nhung nha tho Hd Dzlnh lai ed quan niem kha dae biet v l Diie tin. Ddi vdi Hd Dzlnh, Due tin khdng hSn la nilm tin Thien Chiia cu the. Ong cung nhan thiy viee theo dao thude vl nilm tin ma dng thiy minh vIn chua manh Due tin, chua tin cho du. Khac cae nha thp khae (la nhiing tin dd thep dap tir nhd), mai den khi trudng thanh, nhan mpt eo duyen rieng, Hd Dzlnh mdi d i n vdi dap. Khoang thdi gian theo dao cua nha tho chua nhieu. Cac sang tac tho tdn giao ttong thdi ki nay la khoang thdi gian dng mdi gia nhap vao dao Thien Chua. Tam tir cila mdt ngudi dao mdi nhu dng chua thi Uiam nhap sau sic vao y nghia ttilt hpc va thin hpc v l dap. MJt khac, dng sdng trong gia dinh da tdn giao, cha dng theo dao Thien Chda, me dng theo Phat giao. Vi die cd luc dng td ra nghi ngai vl Diic tin Kitd: "Ngudi yeu toi deo cdy thdnh gid/

Tif ngdn xua Chiia chiu cue hinh/ Tdi khdng thich gido luong gi cd/ Tdi nguyen kinh rdng "Anh nhd em. " (Hd Dzlnh). "Hdi Thiin Chiia' sao nguoi khong cd xdc?/Di loi sd? Khdng mdu udng cho no/Sao giac thiing Ngudi lang le khdng bd/Hay bi mdt!...

Hay ngudi khdng phdi Chua? " (Thi chdt). Hd Dzlnh cam nhan Due tin bing each rieng.

Due tin vdi dng la pham tru rit thieng lieng, nd tttm xuit khdi y nghi thdng thudng vl Diic tin ttong giao ly: "Cao hon nghia Chiia rdt Chiia/ Trgn Idnh tren moi Iron lanh"

(Tha vd Chua). Due tin huyen nhiem i y ed lue ciiu rdi tam tir cd don cila ca mdt thi he tri thue hr san dang trong eon W cue: "Trdn trdnh diu hiu kiim lua ddi/ Quin thdn dau kho giua vui ddi/Khi den dd ngon hdn kinh hodng:/Lay Chiia nhdn Idnh thuong xdt toi/... Chieu budtUnh hdn tdi diing ddy/Nguyen cdu thdnh gid chdp doi lay/Rung rung matle nhin xa thdm/Mo lua trdi thiing chdy van ngdy/... Cha nhdm lai khi trdi chiiu lira tat/ Tmh thing liing cao quy d Idng con/Xudn mudn ndm noi vinh viin linh hdn/Huang

TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTCfNG BAI HQC HONG BUC - SO 41.2018

thanh khiit tham tuoi mua trpng thi" (Hdn chiiu). Dire tin dd la chan li cua cai dep thieng lieng va vTnh vien, la ngpn ngudn tha ca - niem an ui duy nhat ma ngudi tha khao khat kiem tim: "Chda, cdi nghia chinh bao qudt tdt cd la tha/ Trpn lanh tren mpi trpn lanh"

{Tho vd Chda). Ve diem nay, Hd Dzdnh da kha gdn vdi Han Mac Tii. Va day cung la dac diem chung trong ngudn cam hiing ve Dire tin cua nhiing nha tha Cdng giao vdn la nhiing hi thiic tidu Ur san nhung nam ddu thd ky XX.

2.4. Tho Cong giao va sir giai bay nhieu cung bSc tinh cam ddi thudng khac Ngoai the hien tinh cam tdn giao, tha Cdng giao cdn la tieng ndi giai bay nhiing xiic cam chan thanh cua tinh yeu nam nu, sang trong, rat de dang nhan thay tinh ddi va tinh dao lan tda trong tha ciia cae nha tha Cdng giao. Bai tho Thanh xudn cua Le Dinh Bang la mpt bai tha luc bat rat hien dai. Khdng chi the hien cam xuc bang khuang ma hd trong tinh yeu, bai tha cdn dien ta ndi budn ciia sy khdng trpn ven khi yeu em - ngudi yeu thanh nii cdn "ta" lai la con ngudi vdi day tuc luy tran ai, dd cung chinh la khoang each eiia "em" va "ta": "Con dudng thud trudc em di/Hdm nay dd thdy xanh ri cd hoa/ Trdng len nghin neo thiin hd/Nua em thdnh na, nua ta phdm trdn/ Thdi, vi nhat b^i thanh xudn/Ngpc tan thdnh nude mdy ldn bijn nho...{Thanh xudn - Ld Dinh Ban^>). Nhip dieu cua cau tha luc bat dupe the hien hoan chinh qua hai ddng tha, sy ket hpp cua van chan va van lung va dupe gieo d sd tir chin tao nen cho the tho nay mdt am hudng va nhip dieu rieng. Trong the luc bat, van chan va van lung bao gid cung hiep van vdi thanh bang nen nhip dieu chung ciia cau tho luc bat thudng nhe nhang, uyen chuyen va ngan vang. The tho nay hihi hieu trong viec dien ta nhiing ndi budn mo hd va keo dai, nhiing tinh cam bang khuang thuang nhd vi vay rat dac dung de the hien suy tu cua con ngudi trudc eupe ddi hu vd, su y thiic ve cudc ddi hiiu ban va than phan cat bui, nhd nhoi va tdi ldi ciia con ngudi trong tha dao, gipng tho trong nhieu bai tho dao chinh vi the ma mang dam nhung suy tu tran trd ciia con ngudi ve tinh yeu, ve cudc ddi.

Trong tho Cdng giao, Hd Dzdnh cung duac xem la nha tho xuat sac, tac gia da de lai nhieu bai tho dao tieu bieu, trong dd dang chii y nhat cua di san thi ca Cdng giao Hd Dzenh la bai tha Hoa mdu don, bai tha tieu bidu thd bay chii thd hien tinh yeu trong sang, chan thanh cua ddi Ilia trong khung canh than thuang cua giao dudng, bai tho chiia dyng udc mo ve tmh yeu thd hien qua ldi thdm nguyen cua nhan vat tiii tinh dang len Chiia de tinh yeu dd dupe chiic phiic. Bai tho giai bay vd tinh yeu don so dep de cua nhan vat hii tinh dupe khai ngudn tir cam xiic trudc giao dudng than thuang: "Mdu don nd canh nhd thd/ Ddi ta trinh tiet dpi chd Idy nhau./ Em g, qui ta thdp gido dudng/ Sdng chieu vdn vpng nhiing hdi chudng/ Ai di xem le tdi di vdi / Gid dgo ldi kinh tod vdn vuong/... Dem Gidng sinh ndy em d ddu/ Nghe chudng cd nhd thud ban ddu... {Hoa mdu don - Ho Dzenh). Nha tha Hd Dzenh rat kheo leo khi Idng tmh ydu ddi lira vao khdng khi giao dudng vdi ldi kinh van vuang, vdi am thanh chudng nha thd vang vpng... Ve huyen hd cua tdn giao, ciia Diic tin cang lam cho tinh yeu liia ddi trd nen nhiem mau. Nhu vay tho dao khdng chi thd hien tinh cam nguong vpng, siing kinh ciia thi nhan vdi Dang thanh ma cdn la nhung udc mo gian di, nhimg ldi khan nguyen chan thanh cua con ngudi dang len Thien Chiia, do la ma udc ve hanh phiic, ve tinh yeu hong cudc

TAP CHi KHOA H p c TRlfOWC BAI HOC HONG BIJ'C - SO 41.2018

sdng. Vdi niem tin thieng Ueng vao Chiia ttdi, thi nhan mong udc Thien Chiia se ban eho ho ngudn hanh phue va tinh yeu vinh ciru, dieu nay tao nen nhimg sic thai tinh cam tit dpc dao cua thp dap, dd la su hda quyen, tham nhuyen giiia tinh dao va tinh ddi ttong tho Cdng giao.

3. KET LUAN

Nhu vay trong ndi dung tinh cam ma cac thi nhan till hien ttong tho Cdng giao dii ndi bat nhat chinh la su giai bay tinh cam yen men, tri an Thien Chua va nhung cam xuc tinh te cita thi nhan ve due tin, ve tinh ddi, tinh dao phong phu ttong tho. Tir cam hiing diic tin thdi thiic, nha tho da giai bay tinh cam ttong tho Cdng giao vdi nhilu khia canh bilu hien khac nhau cua ddc tm, tit gipng dieu ngpi ea, thanh kinh din chiem niem, suy tdn.

Cam hiing tdn giao khdng ehi chi phdi din he thdng hmh 4nh bilu hrpng ma cdn anh hudng ttire tilp din npi dung sic thai bilu hien eua tinh cam ttong tho Cdng giao. B6n canh nhiing ddng gdp vl npi dung va nghe thuat cho thi ca hien dai till tiii ea Cdng giao ttong khi thi Men tinh cam va nhirng cam xuc v l ddc tm cdn tac dpng din thi gidi tinh titan, dao due va nhan diuc eua ddc gia, thp dap cd y nghTa hudng fliien, giup cpn ngudi khap khat thS gidi myet dinh, hiyet mi eiia tdn giap, giup khpi day cam xuc cua cpn ngudi ve cdi dep, eai thiSn, nhu vay tiii ca Cdng giao ed y nghia to ldn ddi vdi vide bdi dip ddi sdng tinh thin thieng lieng va tinh yen cudc sdng cua eon ngudi.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] Hpi ddng Giam mue Viet Nam (2005), Kinh thdnh Tdn udc - Ldi Chua cho moi ngudi, Nxb. Tdn giao, TP. Hd Chi Minh.

[2] Hpi ddng Giam muc Viet Nam (2006), Kinh thdnh Cuu udc vd Tdn udc - Ldi Chiia cho moi ngudi, Nxb. Tdn giao, TP. Hd Chi Minh.

[3] Nhdm tti thue Viet (2016), Hdn Mac Tti- - tha vd ddi, Nxb. Van hoc. Ha Npi [4] Trang ThSp Tu (Chu bien) (2012a), Cd mdt vudn tha dao tdp I, Nxb. Phupng Ddng

TP.Hd Chi Minh.

[5] Tmng Thap Tu (ehu bien, 2012b), Cd mot vudn tha dgo tdp 2, Nxb. Phuong Ddng, TP.Hd Chi Mmh.

[6] Trang Thap Tu (ehu bien, 2012c), Cd mat vudn tha dgo tdp 3, Nxb. Phuong Ddng, TP.Hd Chi Mmh.

[7] Trang TTiap Tu (chu bien. 2012d), Cd mot vudn tha dgo tap 4, Nxb. Phuong Ddng, TP. Ho Chi Minh.

^'^ ^•^l^S^^'u'''' "'"'• ' " " ' ' ^' """ ""^ "" ''^° '<'P '' N'^b- Hdng Ditc,

1 P. Ho Chi Mmh.

r m , T ' ^ ^ : " ™ ' ' ' ' ' " ' " " ' ' ^ ' ™ ' "''" ' ' ' ^ ' ^ ' " " . Nxb. Van hoc. Ha Ndi.

[10] Nguyen Toan Thang (2007), Hdn Mac Tu vd nhdm tha Binh Binh, Nxb. Giao due, HaNoi.

T^P CHi KHOA HQC TRtTCTNG B ^ l HQC H 6 N G BlTC - S 6 41.2018

THE AESTHETIC FEELINGS IN CATHOLIC POETRY IN VIETNAM

Nguyen Thi Kim Hong ABSTRACT

So far. Catholic poetry has been studied from a variety of perspectives: reseach on the development of Catholic Poetry, Studies on the relationship between poetry and religion, authors, typical works, contributions, an achievements of Catholic poetry. However, no work has been dedicated to emotions expressed in poetry. In this essay, we will focus on analyzing the emotional content expressed in Catholic poetry, in which the most prominent is the expression of love, gratitude, and emotion, and poets' delicate feelings, life and love.

Keywords: Emotional, Catholics poems of Vietnam.

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