• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

b Koefisien kemiripan

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Amir, Nasution. 1993. Status dan pengendalian blas di Indonesia. Di dalam: Syam M, Hermanto, Arif M, Sunihardi, editor. Kinerja Penelitian Tanaman Pangan. Prosiding Simposium Penelitian Tanaman Pangan III; Bogor, 23-25 Agu 1993. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian; 1995. hlm 583- 592.

Andriantsimialona RD, Tharreau D. 2008. Evolution of Magnaporthe grisea populations and adaptation to upland rice in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar. Di dalam: ENDURE International Conference: Diversifying crop protection; La Grande-Motte, 12-15 Okt 2008.

Avila-Adame C, Koller W. 2003. Characterization of spontaneous mutants of Magnaporthe grisea. Curr Genet 42:332–338.

Avise JC. 1994. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. New York: Chapman & Hall Inc.

Babujee L, Gnanamanickam SS. 2000. Molecular tools for characterization of rice blast pathogen (Maganaporthe grisea) population and molecular marker- assisted breeding for disease resistance. Curr Sci India 3:248-257. Balajee SA, Borman AM, Brandt ME, Cano J, Estrella MC, Dannaoui E, Guarro

J, Haase G, Kibbler CC, Meyer W, O’Donnell K, Petti CA, Rodriguez- Tudela JL, Sutton D, Velegraki A, Wickes BL. 2009. Sequence-based identification of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Mucorales species in the Clinical Mycology Laboratory: Where are We and where should we go from here. J Clin Microbiol 47:877-884.

Borromeo ES, Nelson RJ, Bonman JM, Leung H. 1993. Genetic differentiation among isolates of Pyricularia infecting rice and weed host. Phytopathology 83:393-399.

Burdon JJ, Silk J. 1997. Sources and patterns of diversity in plant-pathogenic fungi. Phytopathology 87:664-669.

Bustaman M, Mahrup. 2004. Penyimpanan Cendawan Blas Pyricularia grisea untuk Jangka Panjang. Bogor: Balai Besar dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian.

Capossela A, Silander JA, Jansen RK, Bergen B, Talbot DR. 1992. Nuclear Ribosomal DNA variation among ramets and genets of white clover. Evolution 46:1240-1247.

Chao CT, Ellingboe AH. 1997. Genetic analysis of avirulence/virulence of on isolate of Magnaporthe grisea from a rice field in Texas. Phytopathology 87:71-76.

Chen JT, Wu HK. 1977. Hyphal anastomosis in Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Protoplasma 92:281-287.

 

Chen YC, Eisner JD, Kattar MM, Rassoulian-Barrett SL, Lafe K, Bui U, Limaye AP, Cookson BD. 2001. Polymorphic internal transcribed spacer region 1 DNA sequences identify medically important yeasts. J Clinic Microbiol 39:4042–4051.

Chuma I, Tosa Y, Taga M, Nakayashiki, Mayama S. 2003. Meiotic behavior of a supernumerary chromosome in Magnaporthe oryzae. Curr Genet 43:191- 198.

Couch BC, Fudal I, Lebrun MH, Tharreau D, Valent B, van Kim P, Notteghem JL, Kohn LM. 2005. Origins of host-specific populations of the blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in crop domestication with subsequent expansion of pandemic clones on rice and weeds of rice. Genetics 170:613-630.

Couch BC, Kohn LM. 2002. A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, Magnaporthe oryzae, from M. grisea. Mycologia 94:683–693.

Crawford MS, Chumley FG, Weaver CG, Valent B. 1986. Characterization of the heterokaryotic and vegetative diploid phases of Magnaporthe grisea. Genetics 114:1111-1129.

Crow JF, Kimura M. 1970. An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory. New York: Harper & Row.

[DBPT Deptan] Direktorat Bina Perlindungan Tanaman, Departemen Pertanian. 1992. Penyakit Padi [Laporan Akhir]. Jakarta: Kerjasama Teknis Indonesia-Jepang Bidang Perlindungan Tanaman Pangan (ATA-162), BPT Deptan.

Dean et al. 2005.The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Nature 434:980-986.

Dean RA. 1997. Signal pathways and appresorium morphogenesis. Annu Rev Phytopathol 35:211-234.

[Deptan] Departemen Pertanian, Pusat Data dan Informasi Pertanian. 2009. Seri Data Agribisnis: Statistik Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman dan Bencana Alam. Jakarta: Deptan.

[DTPH] Dirjen Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura. 2000. Perkembangan Serangan OPT Padi Selama 5 tahun (1994-1998). Jakarta: Direktorat Bina Perlindungan Tanaman.

Dufresne M, Osbourn AE. 2001. Definition of tissue-specific and general requirements for plant infection in a phytopathogenic fungus. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:300-3007.

Ebbole DJ. 2007. Magnaporthe as a model for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Annu Rev Phytopathol 45:437-456.

Eto Y, Ikeda K, Chuma I, Kataoka T, Kuroda S, Kikuchi N, Don LD, Kusaba M, Nakayashiki H, Tosa Y, Mayama S. 2001. Comparative analyses of the distribution of various transposable elements in Pyricularia and their activity during and after the sexual cycle. Mol Gen Genet 264:565-577. Fang EGC, Dean RA. 2000. Site-directed mutagenesis of the magB gene affects

growth and development in Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:1214-1227.

Fatemi J, Nelson RR. 1977. Intra-Isolate Heterokaryosis in Pyricularia oryzae. Phytopathology 67:1523-1525.

Fatemi J, Nelson RR. 1978. Inter-Isolate Heterokaryosis in Pyricularia oryzae. Phytopathology 68:1791-1794.

Favaro LC de L, Araujo WL de, Azevedo JL de, Paccola-Meirelles LD. 2005. The biology and potential for genetic research of transposable elements in filamentous fungi. Gen Mol Biol 28:804-813.

Fernandez D, Ouinten M, Tantaoui A, Geiger JP. 1997. Molecular records of micro-evolution within the Algerian population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis during its spread to new oases. Eur J Plan Pathol 103:485-490.

Filippi MC, Prabh AS, de Araujo LG, Faria JC de. 2002. Genetic diversity and virulence pattern in field populations of Pyricularia grisea from rice cultivar Metica-1. Pesqui Agropecu Bras 37:1681-1688.

[FRACT] Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. 2008. List of plant pathogenic organisms resistant to disease control agents. [terhubung berkala]. http://www.frac.info. [31 Okt 2011].

Gee SF, Joly S, Soll DR, Meis JFGM, Verweij PE, Polacheck I, Sullivan DJ, Coleman DC. 2002. Identification of four distinct genotypes of Candida dubliniensis and detection of microevolution in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Microbiol 40:556–574.

Genovesi AD, Magill CW. 1976. Heterokaryosis and parasexuality in Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. Can J Microbiol 22:531-536.

George MLC, Nelson RJ, Zeigler RS, Leung H. 1998. Rapid population analysis of Magnaporthe grisea by using rep-PCR and endogenous repetitive DNA sequence. Phytophatology 88:223-228.

Giraud T, Gladieux P, Gavrilets S. 2010. Linking the emergence of fungal plant diseases with ecological speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 25:387-395.

Glass NL, Kuldau GA. 1992. Mating type and vegetative incompatibility in filamentous Ascomycetes. Annu Rev Phytopathol 30:201-224.

Graser Y, Fari M El, Vilgalys R, Kuijipers AFA, de Hoog GS, Presber W, Tietz HJ. 1999. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Arthrodermataceae (Dermatophytes) using sequence analysis of the ribosomal ITS region. Med Mycol 37:105-114.

 

Guarro J, Gene J, Stchigel AM. 1999. Developments in fungal taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:454-500.

Hamer JE, Farrall L, Orbach MJ, Vallent B, Chumley FG. 1989. Host species- specific conservation of a family of repeated DNA sequences in the genome of a fungal plant pathogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:9981- 9985.

Hayashi N, Li CY, Li JL. 1997. In vitro production on rice plants of perithecia of Magnaporthe grisea from Yunnan, China. Mycol Res 101:1308-1310. Hebert TT. 1971. The perfect stage of Pyricularia. Phytopathology 61:83-87. Higgs PG, Attwood TK. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Malden:

Blackwell Science.

Hillis DM, Dixon MT. 1991. Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q Rev Biol 66:411-453.

Hinrikson HP, Hurst SF, Aguirre L de, Morrison CJ. 2005. Molecular methods for the identification of Aspergillus species. Med Mycol Supl 43:S129-S137. Hirata K, Kusaba M, Chuma I, Osue J, Nakayashiki H, Mayama S, Tosa Y. 2007. Speciation in Pyricularia inferred from multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Mycol Res 111: 799–808.

Hufbauer RA, Roderick GK. 2005. Microevolution in biological control: mechanisms, patterns, and processes. Biol Control 35:227–239.

Ikeda KI, Nakayashiki H, Kataoka T, Tamba H, Hashimoto Y, Tosa Y, Mayama S. 2002. Repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) in Magnaporthe grisea: Implication on its sexual cycle in the natural field context. Mol Microbiol 45:1355–1364.

[IRRI] International Rice Research Institute. 1996. Standard Evaluation System forRice. Ed ke-4. Manila: IRRI, hlm 52.

Jimenez-Gasco MM de, Milgroom MG, Jimenez-Diaz R. 2004. Stepwise evolution od races in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris inferred from fingerprinting with repetitive DNA sequence. Phytopathology 94:228- 235.

Kang S, Lebrun MH, Farrall L, Valent B. 2001. Gain of virulence caused by insertion of a Pot3 transposon in a Magnaporthe grisea avirulence gene. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:671-674.

Kato H, Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi-Ozaki T, Kadouchi H, Iwamoto Y, Nakayashiki H, Tosa Y, Mayama S, Mori N. 2000. Pathogenicity, mating ability and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of Pyicularia population isolated from Gramineae, Bambusideae, and Zingiberaceae plants. J Gen Plant Pathol 66:30-47.

Keon JP, CS James, S. Court. 1994. Isolation of Erg2 gene, encoding sterol Δ8 → Δ7

isomerase, from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and its expression in the maize smut pathogen Ustilago maydis. Cur Genet 25:531-537.

Khang CH, Zhou SY, Lee YH, Valent B, Kang S. 2008. Genome organization and evolution of the AVR-Pita avirulence gene family in the Magnaporthe grisea species complex. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21:658-670.

King RC, Stansfield WD. 1990. A Dictionary of Genetics. Ed ke-4. New York: Oxford University Pr.

Kito H, Sato J, Takahashi Y, Fukiya S, Sone T, Tomita F. 2002. Occan, a new transposon-like sequence in Magnaporthe grisea [abstrak]. Di dalam: Abstracts 3rd International Rice Blast Conference; Ibaraki, 11-14 Sept 2002. Japan: Tsukuba International Congress Center-Epochal Tsukuba- Tsukuba Science City. Abstr no 29. hlm 15.

Koonin EV, Wolf YI. 2010. Constraints, plasticity, and universal patterns in genome and phenome evolution. Di dalam: Pontarotti P, editor. Evolutionary Biology–Concepts, Molecular and Morphological Evolution. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. hlm 19-48.

Koopman WJM. 2005. Phylogenetic signal in AFLP data sets. Syst Biol 54:197- 217.

Korabecná M, Liska V, Fajfrlík K. 2003. Primers ITS1, ITS2 and ITS4 detect the intraspecies variability in the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene region in clinical isolates of fungi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 48:233- 238.

Kosman E, Leonard KJ. 2005. Similarity coefficients for molecular marker in studies of genetic relationship between individuals for haploid, diploid, and polyploid species. Mol Ecol 14:415-424.

Krauss SL, Peakall R. 1998. An evaluation of the AFLP fingerprinting technique for the analysis of paternity in natural populations of Persoonia mollis (Proteaceae). Aust J Bot 46:533-546.

Kumar J, Nelson RJ, Zeigler RS. 1999. Population structure and dynamics of Magnaporthe grisea in the Indian Himalayas. Genetics 152:971–984. Kurnianingsih R. 2008. Ekspresi gen PR1 dan PBZ1 yang terlihat dalam sistem

toleransi tanaman padi indica terhadap penyakit blas (isolat 173). [tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Kusaba M, Eto Y, Don Le D, Nishimoto N, Tosa Y, Nakayashiki H, Mayama S. 1999. Genetic diversity in Pyricularia isolates from various hosts revealed by polymorphisms of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the distribution of MAGGY retrotransposon. Ann Phytopathol Soc 65:588- 596.

 

Lee YH. 2002. Pathogenomics approaches in rice- Magnaporthe grisea interactions [abstrak]. Di dalam: Abstracts 3rd International Rice Blast Conference; Ibaraki, 11-14 Sep 2002. Japan: Tsukuba International Congress Center-Epochal Tsukuba-Tsukuba Science City. Abstr no 4. hlm 3.

Leong SA, Farman M, Smith J, Budde A, Tosa Y, Nitta N. 1994. Molecular genetic approach to the study of cultivar specificity in the rice blast fungus. Di dalam Zeigler RS, Leong SA, Teng PS, editor. Rice Blast Disease. Manila: CAB Int, IRRI. hlm 87-110.

Levy M, Romao J, Marchetti MA, Hamer JE. 1991. DNA fingerprinting with a dispersed repeated sequence resolves pathotype diversity in the rice blast fungus. Plant Cell 3:95-102.

Lin JJ, Kuo J. 1995. AFLP, a novel PCR-based assay for plant and bacterial DNA fingerprinting. Focus 17:66-70.

Liu S, Dean RA. 1997. G protein a subunit genes control growth, development, and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 10:1075-1086.

Lockhart SR, Fritch JJ, Meier AS, Schroppel K, Srikantha T, Galask R, Soll DR. 1995. Colonizing populations of Candida albicans are clonal in origin but undergo microevolution through C1 fragment reorganization as demonstrated by DNA fingerprinting and C1 sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 33:1501–1509.

Mackill AO, Bonman JM. 1986. New hosts of Pyricularia oryzae. Plant Dis 70:125-127.

Mettler LE, Gregg TG, Schaffer HE. 1988. Population Genetics and Evolution. Ed ke-2. New Jersey: Prentice Hill Englewood Cliffs.

Mills D, McCluskey K. 1990. Electrophoretic karyotypes of fungi: the new cytology. Mol Plant Microb Interact 3:351-357.

Mogi, Shizuo, Zaenuddin S, Wibowo BS, Ros E, Irwan C. 1991. Establishment of the Differential Variety Series for Pathogenic Race Identification of Rrice Blast Fungus and the Distribution of Race Based on the New Differentials in Indonesia. Jatisari: Rice Disease Study Group, Deptan. Moore-Landecker E. 1996. Fundamentals of the Fungi. Ed ke-4. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Morschhäuser J, Köhler G, Ziebuhr W, Blum–Oehler G, Dobrindt U, Hacker J. 2000. Evolution of microbial pathogens. Trans R Soc Lond 355:695-704. Motallebi P, Javan-Nikkhah M, Okhovvat M, Fotouhifar KB, Mosahebi GH.

2009a. Differentiation of Magnaporthe species complex by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting [abstrak]. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 74:821-9.

Multani DS, Meeley RB, Paterson AH, Gray J, Briggs SP, Johal GS. 1998. Plant– pathogen microevolution: Molecular basis for the origin of a fungal disease in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:1686–1691.

Namai T. 2011. Race differentiation of the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, and environmentally friendly control of rice blast disease. J General Plant Pathol: doi: 10.1007/s10327-011-0328-8.

Namai T, Iwade Y. 2002. Rice blast fungus induced its pathogenic variation and its gene diversity during proliferation on the resistant rice cultivars [abstrak]. Di dalam: Abstracts 3rd International Rice Blast Conference; Ibaraki, 11-14. Sep 2002. Japan: Tsukuba International Congress Center- Epochal Tsukuba-Tsukuba Science City. Abstr no 28. hlm 15.

Nutsugah SK, Twumasi JK, Chipili J, Sere Y, Sreenivasaprasad S. 2008. Diversity of the rice blast pathogen population in Ghana and strategies for resistance management. Plant Pathol J 7:1.

Ono E, Wong HL, Kawasaki T, Hasegawa M, Kodama O, Shimamoto Ko. 2001. Essential role of small GTPase rac in disease. Annu Rev Phytopatol 18:167-187.

Orbach MJ, Chumley FG, Valent B. 1996. Electrophoretic karyotypes of Magnaporthe grisea pathogens of diverse grasses. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9:261-271.

Ou SH. 1980. Pathogen variability and host resistance in rice blast disease. Ann Rev Phytopathol 18:167-187.

Ou SH. 1985. Rice Diseases. Ed ke-2. Manila: CAB.

Pandia IM. 2008. Uji pergantian antar spesies inang Pyricularia grisea asal rumput Digitaria ciliaris. [skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Park SY, Chi MH, Milgroom MG, Kim H, Han SS, Kang S, Lee YH. 2010.

Genetic stability of Magnaporthe oryzae during successive passages through rice plants and on artificial medium. Plant Pathol J 26:313-320. Parthasarathy N, Ou SH. 1963. Opening address: International approach to the

problem of blast. Di dalam: The Rice Blast Disease. Proceedings of a Symposium at the International Rice Research Institute; Manila, Jul 1963. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Pr. hlm 1-5.

Prabhu AS, Araujo LG, Silva GB, Trindade MG. 2007. Virulence and rep-PCR analysis of Pyricularia grisea isolates from two Brazilian upland rice cultivars. Fitopatol Bras 32:013-020.

Prabhu AS, Filippi MC, Araujo LG, Faria JS. 2002. Genetic and phenotypic characterization od isolates of Pyricularia grisea from the rice cultivars epagri 108 and 109 in the state of Tocantins. Fitopatol Bras 27:566-573. Purwoko SP. 2005. Perakitan padi gogo toleran alumunium haploid ganda hasil

kultur antera. Laporan Penelitian Riset Unggulan IPB [terhubung berkala]. http://lppm.ipb.ac.id [29 Jun 2010].

 

Raeder U, Broda P. 1985. Rapid preparation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Lett Appl Microbiol 1:17-20.

Rao NA, Manibhushanrao K, Suryanarayanan S. 1972. Sporulation of Pyricularia spp. in culture effect of some aromatic compounds. Proc Plant Sciences 75:105-110.

Rathour R, Sharma R, Sharma V. 2006. Genetic differentiation of rice and non- rice populations of Magnaporthe grisea from North-Western Himalayas using native protein and isozyme polymorphisms. Phytopathology 154:641 – 647.

Reflinur, Bustamam M, Widyastuti U, Aswidinnoor H. 2005. Keragaman genetik cendawan Pyricularia oryzae berdasarkan primer spesifik gen virulensi J Biotek Pert. 10:55-60.

Robinson JP, Harris SA. 1999. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms and microsatellites: a phylogenetic perspective. Di dalam: Gilled EM, editor. Chapter 12 in: Which DNA Marker for Which Purpose? Compendium of the Research Project Development, optimisation and validation of molecular tools for assessment of biodiversity in forest trees in the European Union DGXII Biotechnology FW IV Research Programme Molecular Tools for Biodiversity. European Union. [terhubung berkala] http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/y/1999/whichmarker/index.htm.

Rohlf FJ. 1998. NTSYSpc Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis system version 2.0. User Guide. New York: Applied Biostatistic.

Rossman AY, Howard RJ, Valent B. 1990. Pyricularia grisea, the correct name for the rice blast disease fungus. Mycologia 82:509.

Rossman AY, Samuel GJ. 2005. Towards a single scientific name for species of fungi. Inoculum 56(3):5-6.

Row KVSRK, Aist JR, Cril JP. 1985. Mitosis in the rice blast fungus and its possible implications for pathogenic variability. Can J Bot 63:1129- 1134.

Rusli I. 1987. Beberapa faktor yang berpeluang pada perkembangan penyakit blas di Sitiung. Di dalam: Machmud M, Jumanto H, editor. Gatra Penelitian Penyakit dalam Pengendalian Secara Terpadu. Risalah Seminar Ilmiah Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia; Jakarta, 29-31 Okt 1985. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia. hlm 59-62.

Sesma A, Osbourn AE. 2004. The rice leaf blast pathogen undergoes developmental processes typical of root-infecting fungi. Nature 431:582- 586.

Sirithunya P, Sreewongchai T, Sriprakhon S, Toojinda T, Pimpisithavorn S, Kosawang C, Smitamana P. 2008. Assessment of genetic diversity in Thai isolates of Pyricularia grisea by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. J Phytopathol 156:196-204.

Silue D, Notteghem D. 1990. Production of perithecia of Magnaporthe grisea on rice plants. Mycol Res 94:1151-1152.

Silue D, Notteghem JL, Tharreau D. 1992. Evidence of a gene-for-gene relationship in the Oryza sativa-Magnaporthe grisea pathosystem. Phytopathology 82:577-80.

Singh NI, Singh KU. 1988. Unrecorded weed host for Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in India. Int Rice Res Newslet 13:31-32.

Singh RA, Row KVSRK, Nuque FL, Crill JP. 1983. Morphological and cytologic studies of two isolates of Pyricularia oryzae in relation to their pathogenic variability on rice. Disease 67:603-605.

Skamnioti P, Gurr SJ. 2007. Magnaporthe grisea cutinase2 mediates appressorium diffferentation and host penetration and is required for full virulance. Plant Cell 19:2674-2689.

Sobrizal, Bustamam M, Carkum, Warsun A, Human S, Fukuta Y. 2010. Identification of major quantitative trait locus conferring rice blast resistance using recombinant inbred lines. Indones J Agric Sci 11:1-10. Sone T, Fukiya S, Kodama M, Tomita F. 2000. Molecular structure of rDNA

repeat unit in Magnaporthe grisea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 65:1733- 1736.

Soubabere Q, Jorge V, Notteghem JL, Lebrun MH, Tharreau D. 2001. Sequence characterized amplified region marker for the rice blast fungus, Magnaphorthe grisea. Mol Ecol Notes 1:19-21.

Soubabere Q, Tharreau D, Dioh W, Lebrun MH, Notteghem JL. 2000. Comparative continental variation in the rice blast fungus using sequence characterized amplified region marker. Di dalam: Tharreau et al, editor. Advances in Rice Blast Research. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Pub. hlm 209-213.

Summerbell RC, Levesque CA, Seifert KA, Bovers M, Fell JW, Diaz MR, Boekhout T, de Hoog GS, Stalpers J, Crous PW. 2005. Microcoding: the second step in DNA barcoding. Phil Trans R Soc B 360:1897-1903. Sweigard JA, Carrol AM, Kang S, Farrall L, Chumley FG, Valent B. 1995.

Identification, cloning, and characterization of pwl2, a gene for host species-specificity in the rice blast fungus. Plant Cell 7:1221-1233.

Sweigard JA, Chumley FG, Valent B. 1992a. Cloning and analysis of cut1, a cutinase gene from Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Gen Genet 232:174-182. Sweigard JA, Chumley FG, Valent B. 1992b. Disrupttion of a Magnaporthe

grisea cutinase gene. MolGen Genet 232:183-190.

Swofford DL. 2002. PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods) Version 4. Massachusetts: Sinauer Assoc.

 

Talbot NJ, Salch YP, Ma M, Hamer JE. 1993. Karyotypic variation within clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:585-593.

Tanabe S. Okada M, Jikumaru Y, Yamane H, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Minami E. 2006. Induction of resistance against rice blast fungus in rice plants treated with a poten elicitor, N-Acetylchitooligosaccharide. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:1599-1605.

Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Kroken S, Kasuga T, Geiser DM, Hibbett DS, Fiher MC. 2000. Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 31:21–32.

Thuan NTN, Bigirimana J, Roumen Ed, Straeten DVD, Höfte M. 2000. Molecular and Pathotype Analysis of the Rice Blast Fungus in North Vietnam. Eur J Plant Pathol 114: 381-396. .

Tinline RD, MacNeill BH. 1969. Parasexuality in plant pathogenic fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathology 7:147-168.

Tredway LP, Stevenson KL, Burpee LL. 2005. Genetic structure of Magnaporthe grisea populations associated with St. Augustinegrass and Tall Fescue in Georgia. Phytopathology 95:463-471.

Tsurushima T, Don LH, Kawashima K, Murakami J, Nakayashiki H, Tosa Y, Mayama S. 2005. Pyrichalasin H production and pathogenicity of Digitaria-specific isolates of Pyricularia grisea. Mol Plant Pathol 6:605–613.

Valent B, Chumley FG. 1991. Molecular genetic analysis of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Annu Rev Phytopathol 29:443-467.

Valent B, Chumley FG. 1994. Avirulence genes and mechanisms of genetic instability in the rice blast fungus. Di dalam: Zeigler RS, Leong SA, Teng PS, editor. Rice Blast Disease. Manila: CAB-IRRI.

Viji G, Uddin W. 2002. Distribution of mating type alleles and fertility status of Magnaporthe grisea causing gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass and St. Augustinegrass turf. Plant Dis 86:827-832.

Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Lee T van de, Hornes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M. 1995. AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 23:4407-4414.

Watson A. 1970. Changes in virulence and population shifts in plant pathogens. Annu Rev Phytophatol 8:209-230.

White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetic. Di dalam: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editor. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. New York: Academic Pr. hlm 315–322.

Winfield MO, Arnold GM, Cooper F, Le Ray M, White J, Karp A, Edwards KJ. 1998. A study of genetic diversity in Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia in the Upper Severn area of the UK using AFLP markers. Mol Ecol 7:3-10. Yaegashi, Udagawa. 1978. The taxonomical identity of the perfect state of

Pyricularia grisea and its allies. Can J Bot 56:180-183.

Zarzosoa BE, Hierroa N, Masa A, Guillamóna JM. 2010. A new simplified AFLP method for wine yeast strain typing. LWT- Food Sci Technol 43:1480- 1484. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2010.05.016.

Zeigler RS. 1998. Recombination in Magnaporthe grisea. Annu Rev Phytopathol 26:249-275.

Zellerhoff N, Schaffrath U. 2006. Report on the annual meeting of the working group host-parasite interactions: characterisation of non-host resistance in the barley/Magnaporthe interaction. J Plant Dis Protect 113:S.135– 142.

Zhou E, Jia Y, Singh P, Correll JM, Lee FN. 2007. Instability of the Magnaporthe

Dokumen terkait