Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Dentition and palate of the Australian aboriginal from observations on the skull : a study in physical anthropology and dental pathology

(-.-,

tr

lfhc

P,gggå

^g,Ä

g,I and å A&åLg

of

thc

åggIE¿ååås åågEIgågêr.

fron obacrvatirrne on thc skrrl!..

.A Stu{y

i hysloa L ilnthropoLogy _and. Irental. patho!"og¡1.

BY T" D. G*mplroll. B.D.S. f ¿4e1, ₎

$ulu:fttsd _ae s Theelc

for thc

d,cgree

of

Doctor of, .Þent¡1 $cf ence

of

the i.rnlvcrnlty

of

Adelalde,

July,

1923.

tn

I

I I I l

I'

I

I

I

l_

IT

ERm4cß

Slnae thc mlûillc

of laat

^oentury

lt

has ^general$r been the ^cuetom

to

approaoh problems

of

anthropology by

adoptlng ^th.e theory

of

llvolutlon as a. gulrLing

prlnclplei

snd

lt

appeareô

to

be the

feellng

^{encng me.ny}

of

tbe

earliar

rorkerg

ln thin

^ecienee

that

^by

thle

^meãna

of

^approeoht

the

orlgln

^anð

hlstory of

^nanklnd. roulô ^{soon be çorkCô} outrand

all

facte concerning hlm ^eP.¿ìlly llnked togetber

|nto

one long continuous ^chaXn

of

eviðence. But the ^nLs- apnlicatlon

ef

evoh.:tionary ^ãequancê

in biologlcal

^worL

hae led. to ^many

errors in

claes¡lflcatlcn ^enô phytogenctio

rcla.tlonahtpa" ^{lytùh the paoslnß}

of

^{yeere end the aver}

tnc reasi ng ^spGG 1.a1lzat1on

in

^{hraneher o 1Î knowl edge s6no ern-}

lng nan, ^mgdern enthrOpoLcÊiete have l:een forced

to

adntt the ^prOhlem

cf

^{hurnan anç€stty e ml¡ch rnore egmpl€x Onê than}

râF opttntstloalLy be]leverl by ^mnny

of thelr

pr€ôecelsort.

.And ao, rather than löok

for

^a4,åar1¡' ool"utloi'r of, ^thoee

prable.ma :rhicþ desl

rlth the r*latiÐn

of,

l.ivlng

reces to one anothef ^{enû +.o}

fossll

typee., ^anü

that of

^rnan

to

^hls

Prlmate

relntlyes, ãt

^present

'

^torkers are content

for

^tho

mont

part to co}l€ct,

^{examlne and fecgr:ô} the meterlel rhlch

i6

¿val,1able anrl contlnually being brought

to light.

^lfo

ôetails

^{muet be taken}

for

grantedrhorevcr amql:' snü seeningl¡

inaignlflcant

tbay ^{na.y eppeår,}

untll

they ^have bcen thorough-

ly lnvestl;ateû. thls entalle

^{the long anÔ}

patlent lorl

of, exan!.nlng rytd meaeurlng meterlelr Of recOr,llng ^and .çnelyslng deta, but â very n6oesgary

labor; for to

obtain

an

ora""åt

^enð systemâtie baeis on

rhich to rork,

thc lhol'€

study, ^and

pertlculerly

the ^{physloç1 ågpËct}

of

.â'nthropology'

is

^belng treeted ^{rnore anô mor¡ 1n} a quantltatlvc than thc

ourely ôesorlptlve ^nranner

only.

^,

In rork

on physioel anthropology, a close ^end detatleð stuqy

of

the

dentltlon

anô

lts

aasoclated struoturêr ðoe! ^I

,,!

l

t

II¡

nûrt sGGú

to

hevs

etttintd

ühc

porltlon of

lxportar¡oe ü¡isb

lt

unüoubteôly

;lltl

ea

ttac

^goÇr

oa.

Sucb

tat¡

ero

fra-

quemtly

relo6attt to

thc o¡lttonal

or lncltental

obrcrre-

tlon¡; thlr,

no ðeubt, bolng ûuo

tc

^tJae iapertanoc attrchrô

to thc

atuü¡r

of

^thora

gortlonr of

ths oranlur

tlrrctty

essocleteil

rlth

thç bratn.

Slr

¿lrthur

trolth ln ¡

rGcant

rrtlolc ln rfeturcr relt.

ilt

_bcoonês norc ¡að norc

cvld,at ttrat re

mr¡¡t

trust

^to

faalal

ratbGr than

to

arsnlel,

frctuner

f,or

thc

rcco6nltlon enð ôlaorlql.natlon

of

^hunan

rogeçr. It

^1g

rcll

tnorn trbat

tho

rbolr faqial

erchltoeturc

i,r vcry lnttnately

sonnôsteü

rttb

anû concerneå i,n

¡artlsitort

f,unotlonl, anü

ro

e ^rtuû¡r

of

the faciaL reglon

of

tha

gkull rblcb

ûoes

not

inaluôa elosa and detatled

attentlon to

thc

tccth

^anð,

ths ¡tluaturc¡

lmvlcdlatcly edJacent

to th6,

^cen hardly

!c

looled sn

ls qulte

complete.

fbe

subject

of þçntltlon

^can no Lsngar bo conalûcrcð

6nt

of

incidental.into.rest, but must anô

rl11

tske

it¡

Bleee ^aE an løI¡ortent bra¡¡ch

in

the ecisnoe

ef

^Fhyaic*l

Ar¡thropolo gy.

'!r j'

t:

'!-l

-t

l i

.ì

I

I

¡l

f.he

follovlrg xct fe

lntea{lcü

to

^gorva åË oB

lntro-

tluotlon

to thc etuilt

of, the

Duttltlou

ani!

Fslntr of

thç .åuçtrallan ¿¡borlglral, ßout aopcotu bctn6¡ trraÛrü

ta

ûotall

otbrrs ln a brfof

^núr¡nrrt only.

$noh a rotrkn

to

be êone

ln

a

rrelly

tborough anü ooil- prebeaelre naunæl ehoulil pref,erabl,y

br

ustertåkan Þy onr

cngsttt ta f¡rll

^{time ruork}

at

a Dcpsrtnent

of

Phyefsal

Ånthropolape ^ßo

that th¡

a¿uy ehortçouingÊ

of

the prc*eat ettcmpû oaa bc

partly

¡ocountcd

for

by tbo

fast tbat lt

¹⁰

the prollnot

of

only thosc Ëparü hsurs ^v,hf oh tha

srtter

^has

b¡on abla

to

ücvotc

to tte

prcparetion

after hla ilatly

routf nc tlutf.el.

t'ba

attmpt to

^proilaea

tbln

^{cßea,Ir çoulil heYe bcsa}

f,nttlr

^þadl

lt

not ^been

thnt

tbs

çrttsr

^hrra bren prfvllogtd

to ræk

on thc

nat*riaL ln

^ccverirL

instltutionr, åd

^hon-

or¡ô wfth tha

faitbfnl

¡sCIlstnnçc

of

a nr¡abrr

of

^pårron*l

frlenôs.

8fs

tl:auks

src

iluc

to

the

follorlng:

to

lhe Oovsrnlng iloaril

of

tbo llotrtb $rrstr¡114[ Iusürtr

for ps'lfsslou to

work on tbc çoailcrfir!,

sollretton

^of

åustråltau amLlô

tn that Jnetttutlon. fo Ir

Äilg;er

ffettl,

ühc

Dfrcstor, for hfe tvör

^courtsouß

tr¡afucnt, ad

^aleo

to

nenbcrs

of thc

^l[ussuü

stâff.

to

.Prof,staor d€rry

for

pmrnfealon

to

g¿.nlns elul,la

la ths

,qcLbournc Unlvrrelty ¿nato;lçaL fiasom ^{antl uso} of lnetrrucnta.

lo i{r J.

Kerehar, 0urator

ol tht

$atfonal Husru,

MeLbournr,

for hle ktnil

traatnsnt

fn faollftøtin6

^on

æaninatton

of

spcolnone

tn tbtt Instltutlon.

Ío

Srofcsror ^il'-ooô Jone¡,

of

the ¿netony Dapa,rtnont,

¿ðalalds

tlaivorefty,

autt ilon. $urator

of

,'utùropology ta the Ëoutb ¿nstrÐIlan ltl¡s€run, çbose Snrfilnnoo ani!

lo*a of

}lücrature have Uca4óf lntstXnablc

vnluc, lt

^seæs

f,uttlr to

attaapt ¿ rocord

of liy üpprtületlon. !o all

^{uho knor}

;...- '

T

bln.

hc

ü

^our

sf ttrr tfpr

uf,

trur

^gcntLrnra

of

Sctmür t6

rrhoa tho

ssalrtirg of

_¡ourç

rætæ la c ¡eorrt

^{ilnftr, aut}

the Barfornatroi

of

*'hloh

lt ta tta

^{a ploaeura aad!}

rer¡rt l¡ tt¡rlf.

!o Þ å.$. nãüãll for

^{tùe l,se¡ of,} rüarlgfuat

*Ltllr.

¡nÅ apt

lrest of all to tbç

f,ottaçtng trlon¡le

f,c

tbcfr

kl¡O

oooprrattü

1ü ttra

prq*ratfm of illnslrltlon:.

mtbmtfcnl rraultrn ûr*t cnt tfftn6 emrì & l. hfr IttËrt

Å.

rllllüto[ ðrI,S.a..

E" Ë. $çðcn

ü.8(t., IÍtg !r

ð.

Tout¡,

[raert P, s. üru¡frtl, [. ll. &å*rool

^{anü O.}

I¡rrbsllù

åi¡rlalüe, ilunt,

1996.

It¿ t¡¿ ll¡, lø lx

H

T¡T

lIoltr.

xrtnlmtt.r

tre.

åTflT.tfrr

r¡blrtú*rd[

tÐunæ

¡f l¡tcrûe*

8.o1.

of ürtl DrrllrlrrrJ lrtcr

eqt.1eS

Dmrrtrlttm rf lrcth Ir¡r¡rumtr rf ltrth

thr

^Pu,ll

Crvttt tlc Dot¡l

^IEåcx

Yirlatlenr

t'hr

Prlrtr

fb¡.:Þ¡Et¿l ^ârehæ Occlu¡lm

Xrt}ûtm rf thr

lmûh

lbc

^Olootrû

tlrar fbr lhqûfhl¡r trtll

fbç

0nat'bft

laûr¡

Drvçl,rtno tc,l. ltna*rel ^trt

lm

Sorr

Ímctlonrl

^G¡aültlonr

üon¡

htb¡loficrl 6c¡lltlmr

Ëbort

ll!'m or tbælÍtnsl foot

tla

0urßsn

of lertü

Rm¡ra!, fÞotbrcbr

: Forc

Abort;lnrl

trilrsr on

trctb

îæüh

rf for¡itr I¡a ln Ânrtr¡li¡

Gsnültlon¡

ralating to Soclll I!n.

Brnrry

tnlc¡ to

^åuthorq

j

Rrfcræsæ

P.f.

&

&,

9^

Ii+

Ió

a2

{.

1?

la

,1

?6

xrt

I¡E

mt

r88

rtt

rt?

IÕ!

r,6l

rn

eo8

?ot

219,

26'- 265

27r

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., /t_,)

4 ,t, ^I

l

I ,l

I

\

i 'ii

I

286 28'l

b

I

rflrfrüÐüçr¡u^ü

-ffiæ

In tùt Brtfetory

^rmarks

xt res st*trt thct

^tl¡a

atnity

of tbat

raglon

of

^tha ornnfun

iltrootly

^as*oslatcü

rrlth

thö toôth ^hoe Brobnbly ^aoü attÐlnoil tbc poaltlon

sf

lnportaner

ln

^pbynloal *ntbropolotfy

that tt

^{shou}ü, anil}

no itoubt *111

attoln.

It ls

^{nor propoeoô}

to a¡pltfy tbie stðttücnt to sotl ortont,

^ôail

to

potnt out

that a dot*f!{ô

^etnlly

of

tho

tcatlr enil adlJaoent etruotures gvcr a lar6o ^{aorlos of} ohulle

ts

üot onty ono

of

lnportenoo

froü

tba aepcate

of

PhySlOt,)- AntlrropOloffi ^{rnð rut'ë }eUtrL ^:,OlenOg, but slt'O

It

^{provfdee ôuta Ê¡¡rdt lcsggne}

cf

no n6'rtl Y¿¡lul

to

^{tt¡C p¡.6-}

tl

^ems

cf *pplleo

^{r.rental Ï gf 6noo ¡}

ïn

^{t?¡o etudy}

of

gotupar¿ltiVc ¡r$ato6¡f' tbs

tlçatftlo¡

rstrhs ^Bs

a

eubJrot

of

blgh luportanor, ^{ancl aurong tho} ilannalla nar¡r slaentflçÊtlons ^haYe

roetld Bûlrly

^{on tbc}

aorphology

of

a

frt tceth¡,

aleo"

lt

^{nJght bø}

n6ntlanÍll

asr

þof¡o$or

^{'ùooil Jonrs hns pofntod}

out Ín

a r6aent ^pgb-

lJoatlon f 1 ),

^{tË-S t¡ultc n nrubor}

of fosellr

^{fornß oÍ}

Prln*.tcs ^{bave bcan nånd¡} snå deÉOrtbri! þtr pela¡ostslo-

gt$to,

eolcLy on the ûYlilcnçt

of

etngle teeth ^aad snall fr*.gucuts

of Jal|rr.

^{u,osçYQrr tbça tbe euhJact}

ls rl-

etrfotcd to

e _Srou¡r

lfho

the Primatoe, the illfftronses

.hretwcon

the ^dsntf tf ^{onç ar€}

raetrlotcû'

^{flnû thue the et|åy}

beoonog ß !n$ro

uprelallttü

^onc.

rha çvolutf on

of

^{thc hrmen}

tloatltlon l8 s

^subJect'

r.'hlch hsrs lnealroð ^oopfoua srf ttn6g erd lengttry tlsbptr'

ânü one $hfob oÊa on!.y he

çle¡rlflsû

^{and na'de} ProgroÊnfvt by ,fotall,cil ^e

tudtle*

on 1r'r8e ^a¡¡r¡unts

of naterlgl.

^¡r

,:,f

"

rð0ünt $ork

of

oragcry

le a ctrthfrç

^{crtnplâ of, eush e}

t

lgbor.