Adelaide Research & Scholarship: A potential aeolian oil reservoir : the mid Devonian Tandalgoo formation, Canning Basin : depositional models and diagenesis

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A

POIEtrTIAI- AEOLIAI

OIL

RESERIIOIR:

Tf,E trrD DEVOllI^Il TÂf,DAr-G(n FORüArrOr, CAl:rrXe BâSIX.

Depositional llodels and Diagenesis-

by

IIAVID /À. I|IORXTOX B(App)Sc-

ïhis theei¡s is subritted in partial fulfihent of the requirerents for tl¡e lfaster of Science lle€Fee (X-C-P-G-C- )

at ühe University of Adeleide

OctoberI 199()-

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Contents

List of

Appendices

List of Plates List of Figures List of

Tebles

List of

Enclosures

Lisù of

Abbreviaùions Absbracù

Dec

Iarqtion

IìÎRODUGlIOT

SGOPE &

LIIIIÎATIOIS

OF STUDÏ FACIEIS âXALYSIS

Logfacies ^Â Logfacies ^B Logfacies ^C Logfacies ^D Logfacies ^E FAGIES I¡ODEL

Al

luvial

Fan t¡Jadis

Ergs (AeoIian

DeposiÈs)

Inùerdune

Deposits

Sabkha

Deposiùional. Syste¡r DIâGEXESIS

tdÌlC Interpretation of fecies - Clean ^Sandstone

Argil laceous Sandsbone

- Calcareous/Dolomitic Ssndstone Overvier.¡ of Diagenesis

Early Diagenesis

Inter¡nediate Diagenesis LaÈe Sbage Diagenesi.s Sunmary of Diagenesis

Diagenesis of Non-reservoir Facies Conperison wiÈh RoÈliegendes

SIRT'GÎI'RâL BISÎOBÏ coxct.usroxs

IIIPLICAÍIOf,S F]OR PEIROLET'II ETPIÍ)RAIIOX

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ÂGIOI(TLEIIGIETIETTS

BIBLIÍERâPHY

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LIST

OF APPEIIDICIEIS

TIIE GÂXIIIG BASIX Physiography

Geological History Hisùorical Perspective Tenure of Licence Previous Invesbigetions SÈraùigraphic Nonenclature Explorabion Potenbial

Ha I f -Greben ^l'lode^I

IIETHOIX¡L(ET

Full Hole

Cores

Transnitbed Light lficroscopy

Cabhodoluninescence

llicroscopy S.E.ll. Investigations

El.ectric

tr¡irel

ine

Logs

Seisnic Reflection

Surveys

Graviby & Magnetic

Surveys

GORE ABBREYIATTOXS GORE DEISCRIPTIOXS

Acacia

#1

Typha #1

Pretia fl.

Capparis

#1

Boab #1

5'

^{gFl f_}D^TA SUrntÀRY

Page

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xi ii xiii a

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6a 6b 7a 7b

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9a 9b

LOa

10blle 11b LZa 12b 13a 13b 14a 14b 15al5b 16o 16b L7a L7b 18a 18b 19a 19b 2Oa 20b 20c

2]l-.a

21b 22a

2?tr' 2Oa

23b 24a 24b 25a 25b 26a zAb 27a 27b 28a 28b

LIST

OF PLATES

Core photograph: facies ^l'1S11./llsIi./llsls.uÌlSw Core phoÈograph: facies S¡nr./Sxe/Sxe1/Sxe2 Core photograph: f acies SHnwi /S¡ne,¡Ìlds Core phobograph: facies SMne1,/SÌ1me2

Core phobograph: close ups 4,5 & 6

Thin section photograph: 782.7On, Boab *1 Thin section photograph: 449.85n, Pratia #1

Thin section phobograph: 423.91¡n, Cepparis *1 Thin section phobograph: 673.52m. Boab #1

Core photograph: close ups 1,2 & 3

Thin section photograph: 676. O6¡n, Boab ^#1 Thin section photograph: 676. O6¡n, Boab #1

Thin section phobograph: 676.O6n, Boab fl Thin section phoÈograph: a38.O4n, Boob *1 Thin section photograph: 776.41m. Boab #1.

Thin section photograph: 375.6On, Typha fL SElf ¡ricrogrsph: 671 . 46m, Boab #1

SEll rnicrograph: 42O.14n, Capparis #1

SEll micrograph: 363.83n, Typha #1 SEM nicrograph: 42O.L m, Capparis #1

Thin section photograph: 381.3O¡n, Capparis #t Thin sectíon phoùograph: 71O.24m, Boab *1 Thin section photograph: 52O.85¡n, Capparis +1

Thin section photograph: 888. Oln, Boab #1 SEM nicrograph: G62.ZOm, Boab #1

SEI'Í nicrograph: 4O3. O2m, Pratia #1

SEll micrograph: 662.ZOn, Boab #1

SEll micrograph: 349.77n. Capparis +1

SEll micrograph: 662.2¡n, Boab *1

SEll nierograph: 42O. L4m, Capparis #1

SEll ¡nicrograph: 8Ð7.86rn, Boab È1

SEI'I nicrograph: 67L.46¡n, Boab #1

Thin section photograph: 381.3O¡n, Capparis +1

e,/a, cross nicols

a./a. Cathodolu¡ninescence node

Thin section photograph: 42O.l-4m, Capparis #1

a./a. Cathodoluminescence ¡node

SEI{ nicrograph: 349.77m, Capparis +1

SEll nicrograph: 32O.36n, Capparis #1 SEÌ1 nicrograph: 423.91¡n, Capparis #1 SEI'Í micrograph: 4O3. OZ¡n. PraÈia S1

SEll nicrograph: 34O.76¡n, Typhe #1

SEll rnicrograph: 4O3. OZn . PraÈia ^#1 SElf nicrograph: 441. OO¡n, Capparis #I SEll ni.crograph: aO4. OOn, Boab *1 SEll micrograph: 361 . 6On, ,{cacia #1 SEM micrograph: 42O.L4n, Capparis S1 SEM nicrograph: aO4. OO¡n, Boab #1

SEll micrograph: 8O4. OO¡n, Boab #1

SEll nierograph I 52O. 85rn , Capparis ⁺¹ SEÌl ni-crograph: 859.8O¡n, Boab #1

/I¡age

10 IO IO 10

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10 10 10 10 10 2A 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23

?3 23 23 23 23 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35

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29a 29b

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LISÌ

OF

PIIÎES (cont-

D

SEll

nicrogreph:

368.78rn,

âcacia

+1

SElf

nÍcrograph:

772.3Om, Boeb *1

Thin section photoelrsph¡

42O.L4m, Cappsris

e/

a,

Cabhodolu¡ninescence node

SEll nricrograph showing

upturned

^plaÈes

SEM

nicrograph shor¡ing solution features

SEll

nicrograph

showing

inpacù

depression

*1

vl, I1 vl-I1

ix

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10 11e 11b L2 13 L4 15 16 L7 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26a 26b 27

2A 2S

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LIST OF FIGURE:S

Locstion map

Besin size comparison

General stratigraphic table SÈructural ele¡nents mep

Detai ^Ied tectonic e I ernents rnap

Seis¡nic Iine through Ca¡relEooda Èransfer zone Aeolian dune environments

t¡Jorld distribuÈion of nrodern deserts

Pernian deposits of the southern Norbh Sea

Fecies in fault controlled bssins Fsn lobes alonE a sÈeep fault scarp Penoche Creek al Iuviel fan

De¡>osibional frarnework in ùhe playa conplex WorraI palseogeography maps

Tsndalgoo isopach mep

Palaeogeography in Late Tandalgoo Time Hydrodynanic regimes

Mixing zones within hydrodynamic regines Tectonic evoluùion of .ùhe Canning Bssin Seismic line showing salt tecbonics

Seismic Iine showing convergenù wrench sbructures Hydrocarbon naturity ilapr ^(Ro%of 1.3)

Hydrocarbon nraburity Dap, ^(Ro%of O.8)

Geography of bhe Canning Basin i

Land usege nep i

Physiogrsphy of the Canning Basin i Lower Tandalgoo pelaeogeography nsp v

Upper Tandalgoo palaeogeography nap v

hIAPET pernit PE 3OH viii

Dri I I ing and seismic actj.viby, ⁽1920-82 ) ix Expl.oration density, ⁽1976-82 ) ix

Location of oil fields ix

Petroleum tenneneni map ix

Seis¡nic exploraÈion density Dåp, (1953-82) ix Ordovician palaeogeögraphy map xxii Seisnic line over Pillara Reef xxiii Lebe Devonian-Early Carboniferous feutbing xxiii

Si¡nple conÈinental exbension xxiv

Different sbyles of continentsl extension xxiv Basement involved tran.sfer and nor¡nal faults xxiv Reacbivation of brensfer and norrnal faulùs xxiv AIong strike vgriation in detachnent ¡nodeI xxiv Cartoons illusbratinEi syn-rift geonetri.es xxiv Source & reservoir facies wibhin the rift xxv Syn-rift structure; Southeast basins xxv

t¡JeI I location diãgran ii

Ganrna ray log signatures xi

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LIST

OF TABLEIS

List of deposiÈionaI

environrnenbs

StraÈigraphic tabIe,

^(Thornbon¹⁹⁸⁹⁾ Sunmary

of diaEeneùic history

Seisrnic

suntnary EP 143

&

225

Stratigraphic

nomenclature

conperison chart Early

^t¡JllC

stratigraphic

nomencleture

I'losb

recent

^tÀ¡MC

strabigraphic nonenclsture

EP ^:..2S

strabigraphic table

Core Summary

hrireline Iog

summary

xiii xÌ xÍv xiv xxiii

xii ii

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App. I

32

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YOLUIÍE 2

LIST

OF EXGL(EURES

N-S

Strucbural cross-secbion,

^(CanningBa

E-td

Sùrucbural cross-s;ecbion.

^(Canning^Be

Stratigraphic cross-secbion, (Perù

1)

SÈraùigraphic cros;s-section, (Part

2)

Palaeogeography

Lower TandelEoo

Palaeogeography

Upper Tandalgoo NE-Sh¡

Cross section,

(Sùudy erea)

NUJ-SE Gross

section,

^(SÈudy^grea) llagneùi,c base¡nenù msp

Landsaù Iineement mal¡

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APT ASA BHC BHP BMR BP BTF

cc con

CNL CRT CSIRO DLL DRF EP ERA ETEC GL

GR GSh'A H8 ]EDC

K KB KeV k¡n

LDL

l'1d

I'ISFL NP N8 nT o/G

pH

polv

SEI.I SP TOC

un USD]

t¡Jl\PET

h,llc xc

XRD

Ø

LIST OF ABBRWIATIOIS

American Petroleurr Instibube Anerican SÈandards Association Bore HoIe CornpensaÈed Sonic Broken HiIl Pty. LÈd.

Bureau of ^Ì1ineral Resources Before PresenÈ

Barbwire Transfer FauIb cubic centimefres

confornab ^I^e

Compensated Neutron Log Cathode Ray Tube

Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Resesrch Organiseùion

Dual Laberolog Dumrner Range Fault Exploration Permib

Energy Resources Australia

Subsidiary of Seinens Industries LÈd

Ground leveI Ganma Ray

Geologicel Survey [desbern Austral ia Diarnond drill pipe

InternaÈionaI EnerE:y Developnent Corporaùion Potassiu¡n

KeI Iy Bushing

Thousand electron volts ki I onetre

Litho Density Loe I'fiIlidarcy

l{icro Spherical ly Focused Log Not peneùrabed

Dia¡nond dri I1 pipe nano TesIa

quartz Overgrowth AcidiÈy

Poly¡ner nud sysÈern

Scsnning Electron Ìlicroscope Self PoÈential

Total organic carbon

¡n i cro¡nebre

United States Departnent of Inberior ldest Ausbra I ian Pebro I eun

9Jesùern llining Corporation Cross linked polyner

X-Ray Defraction Porosiby

After ^psge

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ABSÏRAGT

The gin of bhis bhesis is üo develop s depositionel and

diagenetic model for effecbive oiI exploration within bhe Tandalgoo Formabion, on the soubh-east flank of the Fiùzroy Trough.

The Tandalgoo Fornabion of the Canning Basin, in the norbh of W.4., is believed bo be llid Devonian in age. Ib is comprised of seolian sands, which for¡n ùhe besb clastic reservoir wifhin the entire sedinentary sequence of the canning Besin. However, petroleum exploration in ùhe eerly eighties, (in EP 143 and 225, on the southern flenk of the Fitzroy Trough, withín the Tandalgoo reservoir), has been unsuccessful. This resulb hss been influenced by poor quelity seis¡nic reflecùion profiles, Iack of good well-control and an

inabiliby to correlate Devonian facies. The inabiliùy bo correlate Devonian facies is due to the non-recognition of transfer faults wiùhin bhe licence area, e consequence of ùhe non-applicstion of the HaIf-Graben llodel of extension.

The sùudy has establ.ished the depositional snd diagenetic model for the various Tandalgoo facies, within the bectonic fra¡nework of the Half - Graben sbyle of rifbing, and has denonstraùed, contrary bo popular belief, thst the Upper Tandslgoo was deposited in an active, faulb-controlled rift, and not a sùable, inùra-crstonic downwarp. The environnenù of deposition hss been reconstructed by bhe use of diagenebic,

( cemenù sbratigraphy ) , and stratigraphic technigues, and predicbions about bhe becbonic history of the area are made,

ss a conseguence of bhis reconstrucÈion. These findings have major inplications for hydrocarbon exploretion, 8s source, seal and reservoir distribubion wilI vsry elong the rift, nargin' fro¡n one transfer-fault block to anoÈher, in response to different subsidence rates. Obher i¡nplications include the pot'ential for structursl braps to occur at fault intersections, and thaÈ bransfer faulbs act as ¡najor conduits for nigrating hydrocarbons, The inbegration of eI I these paraneters indicate thab the most prospective areas for hydrocarbon exploration within explorabion permits 14a ând

225 lie on the flanks of the Gregory sub-basin and within bhe Ficus Low.

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DECI.ARÀTIOñ

I declsre

ùhaù

this ùhesis contains no naùeriel

wt¡iclh has

been accepùed

for

bhe eward

of eny other degree or diplo¡ne in sny universÍty, and to bhe best of

my knowledge

end belief contsins no neterial previously

publ

lshed or writùen

by

another person, except where due reference is nsde in

tt¡e

ùext of

ùhe

bhesis.

I give ny consent for this bhesis to be nede evaileble for photocopying and

loan.

zLnr ty of þ"'¡n{t

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