It is measured against a combination of the consequences of an event and their probability (AS/NZS. The project has documented a simple risk assessment process "Using Risk Assessment for Transboundary Movements of Aquatic Animals" that can be used to assess the likelihood and consequences of any translocation, including ecological and genetic aspects. The workshop process proved successful in developing a consensus view on the level of perceived risk.
Exceptions include a qualitative risk assessment of the effects of shellfish farming in Tasmania (Crawford 2003) and qualitative risk analyzes carried out for specific high-risk activities in Queensland, including exotic fish farming, baitfish farming and barramundi aquaculture (DPIF 2004). The risk assessment will include an assessment of the likelihood and consequences of the input as well as a risk management and mitigation mechanism. For example, the relevant types and extent of movements to be considered in the assessment should be defined.
Interpretation of descriptors should reflect the purpose or context of the risk assessment. As with other tables, the number of levels and effect descriptors may vary. The overall level of risk is calculated as the mathematical product of the levels of likelihood and consequence (Risk = Likelihood X Consequence) and is called the "risk value".
The amount of risk they will tolerate (ie the 'expected loss' if things go wrong) is known by a variety of terms, including 'acceptable level of risk' (SPS agreement), 'acceptable risk' (HB or the 'appropriate level of protection (ALOP)' (Biosecurity Australia). This can be done either by reducing the likelihood of the event occurring (preventive measures), or by reducing the consequences if the event were to occur (mitigating measures). The New - Zealand document makes the point that consideration of the ALOP should only be introduced at the risk management stage and not during the risk assessment stage.
The product of the consequence score and the probability score produced the risk ranking (from Table 3). However, concerns were raised at the workshop about the open-ended nature of the definition of translocation. Reviewers have raised some criticisms that the risk management table does not indicate the impact of each measure on "acceptable risk" or whether a combination of measures may be necessary.
Parasites and diseases associated with shrimp in Western Australia have been identified through an FRDC project “Determining the Disease Status of Western Australia. However, concern was raised at the workshop about the open nature of displacement. Qualitative risk assessment of the effects of shellfish farming on the environment in Tasmania, Australia.
New Zealand Government comments on the draft import risk assessment relating to the import of apples from New Zealand.
PRAWN VIRUSES AND OTHER PARASITES REPORTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES AND FISHERIES,
Permission to import live prawns from outside Queensland East Coast waters into Queensland hatcheries must be obtained in writing from DPI&F prior to arrival of the prawns on the Queensland East Coast mainland (Section 80 Fisheries Regulations 1995 of the Fisheries Act 1994). Premises should be inspected by a designated DPI&F official, usually the Regional Fish Veterinary Officer, to meet the criteria of this protocol. An annual inspection of the premises will be required to ensure that the grower adheres to the set conditions.
A copy of the "Application to authorize the translocation of live aquatic animals into and within Queensland" form is in Appendix Two. Every importer must have a valid import permit and must inform DPI&F's Aquatic Animal Health manager 2 weeks before the arrival of each shipment of shrimp of the address of the approved premises where the shrimp will be kept in quarantine. The certificate or report must state that the shrimp are free from any of the diseases on Queensland's Declared Disease List.
The hatchery will ensure that no imported shrimp leaves the premises under any circumstances without the approval of the nominated DPI&F officer. No shrimp, especially the imported hatchery, may be disposed of without the authorization of the DPI&F officer in charge of the movement. Detection of an exotic virus infection will result in destruction of the affected shrimp under DPI&F supervision.
It is recommended that the imported shrimp dams are clearly identified with regard to the origin of the stock. Testing of the post-larval progeny of imported shrimp by DPI&F Veterinary Laboratories to determine health status prior to transfer from hatchery to the grow-out ponds. Please note that failure to provide any of the requested information and/or insufficient details may result in the application being refused.
Prior inspection and approval by departmental officer may be required depending on the details of the proposed translocation). Special Topic Review: The Story of the Emergence of Viruses in the Australian Shrimp Industry. Owens L and McElnea C (2000) Natural infection of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus with putative spawn-isolated lethality virus.
HEALTH AND QUARANTINE MEASURES FOR THE
- INTRODUCTION
- DISEASES OF CONCERN FOR PRAWNS
- APPLICATION TO IMPORT
- HATCHERY QUARANTINE
- FARM GROW-OUT
- SUMMARY OF THE SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR PERMITTING THE
- APPENDIX
- REFERENCES
- REVIEW OF THE PROTOCOL
The consignment must be accompanied by any required certificate(s) including those described in 1.1, 2.1 and 2.2 above to enable inspection at the point of entry to proceed. The animals ordered into quarantine must be transferred directly to the approved quarantine facility and remain in quarantine until the prescribed or additional requirements have been met, and any imported packaging material and water must be disinfected or destroyed or disposed of as directed by Fisheries WA officers . Right to inspect, sample, seize, remove from the facility and send to health testing or other laboratories or facilities or order them without compensation any or all aquatic animals alive or dead.
Right to destroy or have destroyed any or all aquatic animals, or to order one or more aquatic animals. Right to disinfect or have animals, other materials or components in the facility disinfected in a designated manner, at the owner's expense. To be built on a site approved by the municipal authorities, if required, and in any case not to be located in an area classified as a flood-prone area by any state or municipal authority.
May be used only as a quarantine facility and may not contain other fish or animals, unless these are never to be removed from the facility, and not form part of another aquatic animal holding facility or an access route to any other facility regardless of whether it is not approved. All tanks, troughs or other holding devices must be permanently numbered and provided with a registration form which must be kept up to date and indicate the total number of animals, loss by death and any signs of disease in the same. Any unusually high mortality or other signs of disease must be reported to the Norwegian Fisheries Agency within 24 hours.
A facility that contains or has in an adjacent approved location a freezer capable of holding all quarantined animals at minus 8°C or less, into which all animals that die or are removed at the point of death from the containment facility must be placed. clean, new plastic bags, including a label in pencil or other indelible ink with the date and tank number. Containment facilities must be constructed so that the aquatic animals can be easily accessed and inspected and sufficient light is available or supplied as directed by the inspector. Waste water should only be discharged into a sewer or a drain that discharges directly or via a treatment plant into a marine estuary.
Sewage shall be transferred from the facility without discharge to a tank, or to a tank at the facility, which can be removed without discharge, for disinfection and disposal as follows. The tank should be made of a non-metallic material such as plastic or fiberglass that will resist the corrosive action of disinfectants where chemical disinfectants will be used. Chlorination: Chlorine should be added as a fresh batch of sodium hypochlorite (available from pool or farm suppliers) or equivalent to produce an active chlorine level nominally above 100 ppm (= mg/litre or gram/cubic meter of water) and allowed to stay for at least an hour.
