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Frontiers of Biogeography
Title
Conference program and abstracts. International Biogeography Society 7th Biennial Meeting. 8–12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany. Frontiers of Biogeography Vol. 6, suppl.
1. International Biogeography Society, 246 pp.
Permalink
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kk8703h
Journal
Frontiers of Biogeography, 6(5)
ISSN 1948-6596
Authors Gavin, Daniel Beierkuhnlein, Carl Holzheu, Stefan et al.
Publication Date 2014-01-01
License CC BY 4.0
eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California
published as frontiers of biogeography vol. 6, suppl. 1 - december 2014 (ISSN 1948-6596 )
International Biogeography Society
7th Biennial Meeting ǀ 8–12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany
Conference Program
and Abstracts
Conference Program and Abstracts
International Biogeography Society 7th Biennial Meeting
8–12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany
Published in December 2014 as supplement 1 of volume 6 of frontiers of biogeography (ISSN 1948-6596). Suggested citations:
Gavin, D., Beierkuhnlein, C., Holzheu, S., Thies, B., Faller, K., Gillespie, R. & Hortal, J., eds.
(2014) Conference program and abstracts. International Biogeography Society 7th Bien- nial Meeting. 8—2 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany. Frontiers of Biogeography Vol. 6, suppl. 1. International Biogeography Society, 246 pp .
Rabosky, D. (2014) MacArthur & Wilson Award Lecture: Speciation, extinction, and the geo- graphy of species richness In Conference program and abstracts. International Biogeo- graphy Society 7th Biennial Meeting. 8–12 January 2015, Bayreuth, Germany. (ed. by D.
Gavin, C. Beierkuhnlein, S. Holzheu, B. Thies, K. Faller, R. Gillespie & J. Hortal), Frontiers of Biogeography Vol. 6, suppl. 1, p. 8. International Biogeography Society.
This abstract book is available online at http://escholarship.org/uc/fb and the IBS website:
http://www.biogeography.org/html/fb.html
Passing for press on December 14
th.
CT4 Historical and paleo-biogeography
4.1 Cenozoic palaeofloristic regionalization – dispersal barriers rather than global climates as drivers of global regionalization
Hans Peter Linder1, Yaowu Xing1
1 Systematic Botany, University of Zurich Contact: [email protected]
We reconstructed the global phytogeographical patterns for each epoch in the Cenozoic, using the largest occurrence angiosperm fossil database assembled to date. Patterns of similarity between the continents and epochs were calculated based on shared families and shared genera. Consistent with the hypothesis that the regionalization of the angiosperm flora dates to the Cretaceous, we found no increase in the divergence among the continental floras during the Cenozoic. The global patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that the regionalization reflects barriers to dispersal. The deepest division is linked to the Tethys, separating the Northern and Southern Hemisphere floras. Within the Northern Hemisphere, we detect the impact of the Turgai Sea and its final Oligocene closure in the shifting similarities between the North American, Asian and European floras. The Southern Hemisphere floras are, consistent with the age and size of the southern oceans, much less closely related than the Nothern Hemisphere flora. Two regions can be detected: and Afro-Indian flora, and a Gondwanan flora.
Keywords: Cenozoic Floristic Kingdoms Dispersal Fossil angiosperm flora global regionalization
4.2 Born in the mountains: dominance of geological processes in the diversification of bush frogs in the Western Ghats Escarpment
S P Vijayakumar1, Shanker Kartik2
1 National Centre for Biological Sciences
2 Indian Institute of Science Contact: [email protected]
The historical processes behind high diversity in tropical biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats of Peninsular India remain poorly understood. Using a large clade of bush frogs, we tested the relative importance of Quaternary glaciations, ecological gradients and geological processes on the spatial patterns of lineage and sub-cladal diversification in a mountain setting. Our analyses reveal that a majority of recently diverged bush frog sister - lineages were characterized by non-overlapping geographical ranges, and were isolated on adjacent massifs, suggesting allopatric speciation events. Ancestral reconstruction of the elevation supported an independent highland origin among the bush frog sister clades. Independent transitions along elevational gradients among sub-clades during the Miocene lend support for diversification mediated by the uplift of the escarpment. In-situ diversification in the montane zone of the two highest massifs shows the effect of past-climate mediated forest-grassland dynamics, but divergence times lend less support for the role of Quaternary glaciations.
Keywords: Non-adaptive radiation, ecological gradients, Quaternary glaciations, allopatric speciation
4.3 Bayesian stochastic mapping for estimating biogeographic history on phylogenies
Nicholas Matzke1
1 NIMBioS, Univ. of Tennessee Contact: [email protected]
Traditional likelihood methods in historical biogeography estimate the probability of each geographic range at each node. Usually the most-probable range at each node is plotted, and this is taken to be the approximate history. This is not technically accurate and might be badly misleading in some cases. A solution is stochastic mapping of possible histories on the phylogeny. This has been widely applied in phylogenetics for sequence data and discrete characters, but these character models are inappropriate in historical biogeography, where the state space is much more complex, and geographic range changes through both anagenetic and cladogenetic events. I present a novel algorithm that enables stochastic mapping on any biogeographic model available in BioGeoBEARS, as well as graphical display and statistical summary of the timing and frequency of dispersal and vicariance events. An animation of realizations of possible histories under the DEC and DEC+J models is demonstrated for Hawaiian Psychotria shrubs. R functions and
Contributed talks 4: Historical and paleo-biogeography Convener: Corinne Myers
37
© 2014 the authors; compilation © 2014 The International Biogeography Society – CC BY 4.0 license
an example script performing stochastic mapping are available at http://phylo.wikidot.com/biogeobears. The functions build upon on the R package BioGeoBEARS, available for all platforms at CRAN.
Keywords: BioGeoBEARS, historical biogeography, biogeographical stochastic mapping, ancestral state inference
4.4 Historical-biogeographical and evolutionary hypotheses for diversity- environment correlations among microbes
Jason Pither1
1 Biology, University of British Columbia Contact: [email protected]
Correlations between microbial diversity and pH are common, but their ultimate origins remain unclear. Evolutionary and historical-biogeographical hypotheses have shed new light on correlative biodiversity patterns among macroorganisms, but have rarely been applied to microorganisms. Here I consider freshwater diatom diversity and niche patterns along the pH gradient from a historical/evolutionary perspective. Acidic surface waters have been rare and unstable through evolutionary time, especially when compared to the alkaline surface waters of the ocean (the putative ancestral habitat of the diatoms), which have remained above pH 7.8 since the Mesozoic. These observations yield several testable predictions, including a decline in generic diversity from alkaline to acidic conditions, and a concomitant increase in pH niche breadth. I document empirical support for these predictions using regional and global datasets, and highlight some key implications my findings have for the use of diatoms in paleo-environmental research.
Keywords: niche evolution, historical biogeography, pH tolerance, diatoms, paleolimnology
4.5 Late Cenozoic climate change and the phylogenetic structure of conifer assemblages worldwide
Jens-Christian Svenning1, Wolf L. Eiserhardt2, Finn Borchsenius3, Brody Sandel1, W. Daniel Kissling4, Alejandro Ordonez1
1 Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University
2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3 Science Museums, Aarhus University
4 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam Contact: [email protected]
Forests have been dramatically impacted by the cooling and drying trends over the last 30 million years. It is, however, poorly understood if and how current tree assemblages are shaped by these long-term climate changes.
Using conifers as a model system, we combine data on current species distribution and past extinctions with a time- calibrated phylogeny and spatial climate data from different geological epochs to test if paleoclimate shapes phylogenetic assemblage structure. Current and past climate show similar relationships to conifer phylogenetic Net Relatedness Index (NRI) worldwide, suggesting that relations to current climate may reflect deep-time processes.
Beyond these relations, conifer NRI is also related to Quaternary climate oscillations and gradual late-Neogene climate trends. Furthermore, known late-Neogene extinctions have had major impacts on conifer NRI. Present-day conifer phylogenetic assemblages patterns are strongly shaped by the dynamic Cenozoic climate, with effects linked to climate-driven extinctions as well as adaptive radiation into the expanding dry environments.
Keywords: climate change paleoecology community phylogenetic structure plant diversity extinction
4.6 The red island and the seven dwarfs: body size reduction in Cheirogaleidae
Judith Masters1, Fabien Genin1, Adrian Lister2, Daniele Silvestro3, Massimiliano DelPero4
1 African Primate Initiative for Ecology & Speciation, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
2 Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
3 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
4 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy Contact: [email protected]
Madagascar’s dwarf and mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae) are often viewed as model primate ancestors or 'basal primates'. We investigated body size evolution in this family and in its sister-taxon, the Lepilemuridae, from