General Instructions
• Reading time – 5 minutes
• Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black or blue pen
• Board-approved calculators may be used
• A Stimulus Booklet is provided with this paper
• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 13, 15, 17 and 19
Total marks – 100
Pages 2–6 15 marks
• Attempt Questions 1–15
• Allow about 25 minutes for this section Pages 9–19
25 marks
• Attempt Questions 16–20
• Allow about 45 minutes for this section Page 21
60 marks
• Attempt Questions 21–23
• Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section Section III
Section II Section I
Geography
161
2003
H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C A T E E X A M I N A T I O N
– 2 –
Section I
15 marks
Attempt Questions 1–15
Allow about 25 minutes for this section Refer to the Stimulus Booklet
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet.
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.
Sample: 2 +4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9
A B C D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.
A B C D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word
correct
and drawing an arrow as follows.correct
A B C D
Refer to Source A to answer Questions 1 and 2.
1 What was the value of Australian wool exported to China in 2000–2001?
(A) $A 750 million (B) $A 870 million (C) $A 1360 million (D) $A 2250 million
2 To which countries did Australia export more wool by value in 2000–2001 than in 1995–1996?
(A) Japan and China (B) Italy and China (C) Taiwan and Italy
(D) Italy and Republic of Korea
Refer to Source B to answer Questions 3 and 4.
3 Which concepts are illustrated by Photos 1 and 3 respectively?
(A) Culture of place and urban decay (B) Culture of place and urban renewal (C) Urban renewal and spatial exclusion (D) Urban decay and spatial exclusion 4 Which photo has the smallest scale?
(A) Photo 1 (B) Photo 2 (C) Photo 3 (D) Photo 4
– 3 –
Refer to Sources B and C to answer Question 5.
5 In which Area Reference would Photo 2 most likely have been taken?
(A) AR 2944
(B) AR 2945
(C) AR 3041
(D) AR 3541
Refer to Source C to answer Questions 6–8.
6 What is the bearing of the caravan site GR 349419 from the Fish Pond GR 310442?
(A) 110°
(B) 120°
(C) 290°
(D) 300°
7 What is the ratio of the area of the Fish Pond centred on GR 310442 to the area of Eccup Reservoir centred on GR 300416?
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 7 (C) 1 : 12 (D) 1 : 17
8 How long would it take for a boat to travel along the River Wharfe from GR 280461 to GR 335465 at a speed of 14 km per hour?
(A) 30 minutes (B) 60 minutes (C) 90 minutes (D) 120 minutes
– 4 –
Refer to Source D to answer Questions 9 and 10.
9 What is the percentage change in crime in Halton (M9) from 2000 to 2001?
(A) 33% decrease (B) 16.5% decrease (C) 16.5% increase (D) 33% increase
10 Which statement is correct for both Richmond Hill (L 9) and Cookridge (I 6) from 2000 to 2001?
(A) The actual percentage of crime increased.
(B) The public perception of crime remained the same.
(C) The public perception of crime did not match the actual percentage change in crime.
(D) The public perception of crime has increased but the actual percentage of crime has not increased.
Refer to Source E to answer Questions 11 and 12.
11 What was the absolute decrease in the number of vehicle crimes between 1998/1999 and 2000/2001?
(A) 1000 (B) 2000 (C) 4000 (D) 7000
12 What is the percentage change in the number of robberies from 1998/1999 to 2000/2001?
(A) 0%
(B) 50%
(C) 75%
(D) 100%
– 5 –
13 Which statement best defines the resilienceof an ecosystem?
(A) The ability of an ecosystem to meet the needs of future generations.
(B) An ecosystem in a state of equilibrium which can be easily disturbed.
(C) An ecosystem that has a variety of living organisms operating in equilibrium.
(D) The ability of an ecosystem to return to a state of equilibrium after a disturbance.
Refer to the Relief Map in Source F to answer Questions 14 and 15.
14 What is the direction of flow of the main river in AR 4566?
(A) South (B) South-east (C) South-west (D) North-east
15 What is the average gradient from the Point Lookout trig station to GR 460660?
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 1 : 6 (C) 1 : 9 (D) 1 : 14
– 6 –
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©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 8 –
Section II
25 marks
Attempt Questions 16–20
Allow about 45 minutes for this section
Use the Stimulus Booklet and your knowledge of geography to answer Questions 16–20 in the spaces provided.
Question 16(5 marks)
Please turn over
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E RT I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N
Geography
– 9 –
162a
Centre Number
Student Number
Question 16(5 marks) Refer to Source C.
Question 16 continues on page 11
GR 298479 GR 348459
120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Elevation
(metres)
40 30 20 10
Section A
Section B
Cross-section from GR 298479 to GR 348459 Transect from GR 298479 to GR 348459
Footpath
– 10 –
Question 16 (continued)
(a) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross-section shown.
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(b) State the purpose of the vertical exaggeration of a cross-section.
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...
(c) Suggest ONE reason why there are no footpaths evident in Section A of the transect.
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...
(d) On the transect, in each of Section A and Section B, mark in and label one transport feature other than a footpath.
End of Question 16
2 1 1 1
– 11 –
Marks
BLANK PAGE
©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 12 –
Section II (continued)
Question 17(5 marks) Marks
(a) Identify and describe ONE external linkage of an economic enterprise that you have studied operating at a local scale.
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(b) Study the ternary graph below.
Compare the workforce structures of Mauritius and Namibia in the primary and tertiary sectors.
...
...
...
...
0 0
20 40 60 80 100
20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Secondary (Manufacturing) (%)
Structure of the workforce of selected countries (2002)
Tertiary (Services) (%)
Primary (Agriculture) (%)
E D
C A B Key
A USA B UK C Mauritius D China E Namibia
2 3
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E RT I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N
Geography
– 13 –
162b
Centre Number
Student Number
BLANK PAGE
©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 14 –
Section II (continued)
Marks Question 18(8 marks)
Refer to Source F and Source G.
(a) State the relationship between relief and average annual temperature.
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...
(b) A ridge runs from GR 443660 to GR 446660. Identify a type of vegetation immediately north and immediately south of this ridge.
North ...
South ...
(c) Suggest ONE reason for the difference in vegetation types on either side of the ridge identified in part (b).
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...
Refer to Sources F, G and H.
(d) Explain TWO geographic factors that contribute to the distribution of the Antarctic Beech ecosystem.
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4 1 2 1
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E RT I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N
Geography
– 15 –
162c
Centre Number
Student Number
BLANK PAGE
©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 16 –
Section II (continued)
Marks Question 19(3 marks)
Internet subscription (1970–2002)
(a) Identify the four-year period that experienced the greatest rate of change in Core USA Internet subscribers.
...
(b) Compare the trends shown in Core USA Internet subscribers and Bitnet USA (Ltd) subscribers between 1982 and 2002.
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2 1
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 10
100 1000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000
Key
Core USA Internet subscribers Bitnet USA (Ltd) subscribers
Year
Number of subscribers
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E RT I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N
Geography
– 17 –
162d
Centre Number
Student Number
BLANK PAGE
©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 18 –
Section II (continued)
Marks Question 20(4 marks)
Refer to Source C.
Choose ONE vocation, requiring geographical understanding, that is applicable to a workplace likely to be found in the south-west quadrant of the map. Describe TWO DIFFERENT methods that could be employed in the collection of primary geographical data in such a workplace.
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Vocation: ...
4
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E RT I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N
Geography
– 19 –
162e
Centre Number
Student Number
BLANK PAGE
©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 20 –
Section III
60 marks
Attempt Questions 21–23
Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section
Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In your answers you will be assessed on how well you:
■ present a sustained, logical and well-structured answer to the question
■ communicate geographical information, ideas and issues
■ refer to appropriate case studies, illustrative examples and the Stimulus Booklet where appropriate
Question 21(20 marks)
Justify the importance of ecosystem management and protection.
Question 22(20 marks)
Describe the challenges of living in mega cities and evaluate the responses to these challenges.
Question 23(20 marks)
Examine the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of ONE economic activity in a global context.
End of paper
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E RT I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N
Geography
– 21 –
163
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©Board of Studies NSW 2003
– 22 –
Page 1
2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C A T E E X A M I N A T I O N
Geography
Stimulus Booklet
China
Taiwan
Japan
Germany France
Italy Republic
of Korea
$A500 million $A1000 million
1995–1996 2000–2001 KEY
Source A – The Value of Australia’s Wool Exports by Country of Destination
Source B – Images of Leeds and its Surroundings
1 2
3 4
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
Page 2
Source C – Topographic Map and Key
Dual carriageway
Main Road
Road generally less than 4m wide Bridge
Road generally more than 4m wide ROADS AND PATHS
RAILWAYS
Track multiple or single Tunnel
Station Embankment Cutting
1:50 000
BOUNDARIES
County, Unitary Authority, Metropolitan District or London Borough
Administrative boundaries as at July 1997
HEIGHTS 50 144
Contours are at 10 metres vertical interval Heights are to the nearest metre above mean sea level A 855 B 885 Narrow road with
passing places Main road under construction
PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY
OTHER PUBLIC ACCESS
ABBREVIATIONS CH Clubhouse MS Milestone TH Town Hall P Post Office MP Milepost PH Public house
Footpath Bridleway
National Trail, Long Distance Route, selected Recreational Paths LAND FEATURES
ruin Buildings Public building (selected) Quarry Spoil heap, refuse tip or dump
Mixed wood Non-coniferous wood
Place of Worship
with tower with spire, minaret or dome without such additions
Park or ornamental ground
WATER FEATURES Lake TOURIST INFORMATION
Parking Selected places of tourist interest Telephone Golf course
Caravan site Selected cycle route/trail Camp site N
E S W
KEY for Source C
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Edinburgh
Leeds
Dover Liverpool
Stratford-upon-Avon Plymouth
London
Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown Copyright. 100042481
Page 3
1998/1999 1999/2000 2000/2001
30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0
Violent Crime Sexual Offences Robbery Burglary Dwelling Burglary Other Vehicle Crime Fraud and Forgery Criminal Damage Drugs Others
Other Theft and Handling
Number of crimes
Type of crime
KEY
Source E – Level of Crime in Leeds 1998–2001
University
Morley South Morley North
Wortley
Garforth and Swillington Halton
Seacroft Pudsey North
Actual percentage increase in crime
Public perception of change in crime
Increase Remain the same
33 16.5
3.3 –3.3 –16.5 –33 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11
12 13
14A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S
1:210 000
N E S W
KEY
Barwick and Kippax
Richmond Hill
Middleton Rothwell Pudsey South
Bramley
Weetwood Horsforth
Aireborough
Cookridge Otley and Wharfedale
Wetherby
North
Roundhay
Source D – Percentage Change in Crime and Public Perception of Change in Crime in Suburbs of Leeds 2000–2001
http://www.leeds.gov.uk/downloads/2002912-61520022.pdf
Page 4
47 45
44 46
66 67
kilometres
0 2 4
N E S W
Location in NSW
New England National Park
New England National Park Border
66 67
66 67 Average Annual
Temperature (°C)
Source G – Vegetation Types
1 Plateau Dry Shrub
2 Plateau Eucalypt Woodland 3 Plateau Grassland 4 Cool Temperate Rainforest
8 Information unavailable 6 Dry Shrub Forest 7 Sub-tropical Rainforest 5 Temperate Rainforest Vegetation
6 Dry Shrub Forest 7 Sub-tropical Rainforest 2 Plateau Eucalypt Woodland
eg Snow Gums
4 Cool Temperate Rainforest eg Antarctic Beech
Bellinger R
(1560 m) (1520 m)
New England National Park is located between 30° 22' S and 30° 44' S and has unique biophysical features. Within its area it has the geographic boundaries of both tropical and cool temperate rainforest species. It also has one of the steepest gradients along the east coast of Australia. Cool Temperate Rainforest (4) occurs in sheltered valleys of the escarpment. Antarctic Beech is the dominant species in (4) and today it is more commonly found in Tasmania. It is very sensitive to bushfires. Thus contemporary management practices, such as fire hazard reduction, have resulted in it now invading the Eucalypt Woodland (2).
Relief map
Point Lookout
kilometres
0 2 4
N E S W
kilometres
0 2 4
N E S W
Less than 10 10 to 14 15 to 20 Greater than 20
Majors Point
(420 m)
(300 m)
(203 m)
Trig station
Spot height
Source H – Fact file
Source F – A New England National Park Geographic Information System (GIS)
©Board of Studies NSW 2003 Reproduced by permission of the Department of Conservation NSW and the University of New England.
