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Experimental Summaries - Plant Research Agriculture
1987
Disease and insect resistance; Murex medic evaluation; Legume Disease and insect resistance; Murex medic evaluation; Legume species phasic development
species phasic development
D J. Gillespie
Follow this and additional works at: https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/rqmsplant
Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Fresh Water Studies Commons, Soil Science Commons, and the Weed Science Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation
Gillespie, D J. (1987), Disease and insect resistance; Murex medic evaluation; Legume species phasic development. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Perth.
Report.
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EXPERIMENTAL SUMMARY 1987 D . J . GILLESPIE
A . D i s e a s e a n d I n s e c t Resistance B . M u r e x m e d i c evaluation
C . L e g u m e s p e c i e s p h a s i c development
A . D I S E A S E AND I N S E C T R E S I S T A N C E SCREENING ( 1 ) R e d l e g g e d E a r t h Mite
T w o e x p e r i m e n t s w e r e c o n d u c t e d t o a s s e s s t h e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y o f a n u m b e r of l e g u m e c u l t i v a r s a n d s e l e c t i o n s t o r e d l e g g e d e a r t h m i t e ( R . L . E . M . ) a t t a c k in c o n t r o l l e d e n v i r o n m e n t g l a s s h o u s e c o n d i t i o n s u s i n g s e e d l i n g plants.
I n o n e e x p e r i m e n t 1 9 2 T . s u b t e r r a n e u m s e l e c t i o n s w e r e t e s t e d a n d i n t h e other 1 9 2 s e l e c t i o n s o f M e d i c a g o m u r e x , M. p o l y m o r p h a , M. t r u n c a t u l a , O r n i t h o p u s c o m p r e s s u s a n d s e v e r a l s m a l l s e e d e d T r i f o l i u m s p s . w e r e tested.
D a m a g e i s a s s e s s e d o n a s c a l e o f 1 - 1 0 w i t h 1 = n o d a m a g e , 5 = 50% o f leaf s u r f a c e d a m a g e d , 1 0 = a l l p l a n t s d e a d o r dying.
R e s u l t s f o r c o m m e r c i a l v a r i e t i e s o f t h e v a r i o u s s p e c i e s t e s t e d i n 1 9 8 7 are s h o w n i n T a b l e 1.
T a b l e 1 . T h e r e s i s t a n c e o f s o m e c o m m e r c i a l v a r i e t i e s o f a n n u a l l e g u m e s as s e e d l i n g s t o r e d l e g g e d e a r t h m i t e attack
Species Variety Damage
rating*
Species Variety Damage
rating*
T . subterraneum Clare 1.9 O . compressus Uniserra 5.5
M t Barker 4.2 Madeira 6.0
Rosedale 4.9 Tauro 6.4
Enfield 4.9 Eneabba 6.7
Larisa 5.3 Pitman 7.0
Geraldton 6.0 0 . pinnatus Jebala 6.7
Meteora 6.4 M. polymorpha Serena 5.7
T . resupinatum Maral 9.0 Santiago 5.2
Kyambro 9.0 C i r c l e Valley 7.5
T . balansa Paradana 7.0 M. murex Zodiac 4.8
T . repens Haifa 7.0 M. truncatula Cyprus 6.0
T . fragiferum Palestine 3.7 Sephi 6.3
Paraggio 7.5
Jemalong 8.4
T h e s p e c i e s t e s t e d i n 1 9 8 7 a n d p r e v i o u s l y s h o w a w i d e r a n g e o f susceptibility t o R . L . E . M . b e t w e e n v a r i e t i e s b u t s o m e s p e c i e s a s a w h o l e a r e c l e a r l y more r e s i s t a n t t h a n o t h e r s ( s e e T a b l e 2).
T a b l e 2 . T h e r e s i s t a n c e o f M e d i c a g o a n d T r i f o l i u m s p e c i e s t o r e d l e g g e d earth m i t e i n g l a s s h o u s e experiments
Species N o . o f lines M e a n damage r a t i n g * Range
M. rugosa 3 3.0 2 . 7 - 3.3
M. murex 110 4.33 2 . 3 - 7.3
M. polvmorpha 37 6.04 4 . 0 - 8.7
M. truncatula 19 6.76 5 . 0 - 9.0
M. rotata 3 7.23 6 . 0 - 8.0
M. tornata 14 7.24 5 . 7 - 8.7
M. lupulina 3 9.80 9 . 7 - 10.0
T . subterraneum 750 4.42 1 . 3 - 7.7
T . balansa 29 6.58 3 . 7 - 10.0
T . resupinatum 17 8.32 6 . 3 - 10.0
T . cherleri 7 2.70 2 . 3 - 3.0
O t h e r T r i f . spp. 15 6.24 3 . 7 - 10.0
O r n i t h o p u s c o m p r e s s u s 9 6.21 4 . 3 - 7.7
D a m a g e r a t i n g : 0 = N o RLEM p r e s e n t ; n o damage
( 0 - 1 0 ) 5 = 4 0 - 6 0 % o f l e a f s u r f a c e s s i l v e r e d o r distorted 1 0 = A l l p l a n t s d e a d o r dying
T . c h e r l e r i , M. r u g o s a a n d M. m u r e x w e r e t h e m o s t r e s i s t a n t s p e c i e s while M . l u p u l i n a , T . r e s u p i n a t u m , M. t o r n a t a a n d M . r o t a t a w e r e t h e most susceptible.
( 2 ) C l o v e r Scorch
D u r i n g 1 9 8 7 a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 , 0 9 0 c l o v e r s w e r e t e s t e d f o r r e s i s t a n c e t o clover s c o r c h a t Denmark.
T h e l e v e l s o f c l o v e r s c o r c h w e r e h i g h e r t h a n l a s t y e a r w i t h o n l y 6% of i n t r o d u c t i o n s s c o r i n g 3 . 0 o r l e s s ( 8 % i n 1 9 8 6 ) , a n d 18% o f c r o s s b r e d clovers s c o r i n g 3 . 0 o r l e s s ( 2 9 % i n 1 9 8 6 ) . T h e r e a s o n m a y w e l l b e d u e t o t h e broad s p e c t r u m o f K a b a t i e l l a s t r a i n s u s e d f o r i n o c u l a t i n g t h e p l o t s t h i s year.
S e l e c t i o n s w h i c h c o u l d h a v e b e e n t o l e r a n t o r r e s i s t a n t t o p r e v i o u s l y used s t r a i n s m a y s h o w m r o e d i s e a s e w h e n a t t a c k e d b y m a n y strains.
A s u m m a r y o f t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c o n t r o l v a r i e t i e s ( f o u r r e p l i c a t i o n s ) is s h o w n i n T a b l e 3.
T a b l e 3 . V i g o u r a n d c l o v e r s c o r c h r e s i s t a n c e o f c o n t r o l v a r i e t i e s g r o w n at D e n m a r k i n 1987
V a r i e t y V i g o u r r a t i n g * V i g o u r rating*
A u g u s t 1 1 O c t o b e r 5
C l o v e r scorch+
O c t o b e r 5
M e t e o r a 3.0 7.5 4.4
L a r i s a 2.5 5.8 5.3
T r i k k a l a 5.8 4.3 6.3
Y a r l o o p 5.5 4.8 8.1
E s p e r a n c e 5.3 5.8 1.0
S e a t o n P a r k 5.8 4.8 7.5
D i n n i n u p 7.8 5.3 8.4
J u n e e 7.0 6.3 2.5
G r e e n R a n g e 8.3 6.8 3.9
W o o g e n e l l u p 8.8 6.8 6.8
K a r r i d a l e 8.5 8.0 5.0
M o u n t B a r k e r 7.5 6.8 6.0
* V i g o u r r a t i n g ( 1 - 1 0 ) 1 = W o r s t ; 10 = Best
+ C l o v e r s c o r c h r a t i n g ( 0 - 1 0 ) 0 = No disease; 1 0 = p l o t dead
E s p e r a n c e c o n t i n u e s t o s h o w e x c e l l e n t r e s i s t a n c e t o t h e d i s e a s e . O f t h e newer c u l t i v a r s , J u n e e i s a l s o s h o w i n g g o o d r e s i s t a n c e , b u t b o t h G r e e n R a n g e and K a r r i d a l e a r e b e i n g s l i g h t l y a f f e c t e d . K a r r i d a l e i s c o n t i n u i n g t o produce e x c e l l e n t g r o w t h i n s p i t e o f some d a m a g e f r o m c l o v e r scorch.
( 3 ) R o o t Rot
S i x t y s u b . c l o v e r v a r i e t i e s w e r e s c r e e n e d f o r r e s i s t a n c e t o t h e r o o t pathogens R h i z o c t o n i a s o l a n i a n d F u s a r i u m a v e n a c e u m d u r i n g 1 9 8 6 a n d e a r l y 1 9 8 7 . This c o m p l e t e s t h e s c r e e n i n g o f t h e s e 6 0 v a r i e t i e s a g a i n s t t h e m a j o r r o o t pathogens a s t h e y w e r e p r e v i o u s l y t e s t e d f o r r e s i s t a n c e t o P y t h i u m i r r e g u l a r e i n Western A u s t r a l i a i n 1 9 8 5 a n d a g a i n s t P h y t o p h t h o r a c l a n d e s t i n a i n V i c t o r i a i n 1986.
A s u m m a r y o f t h e r o o t r o t r a t i n g s f o r some v a r i e t i e s s h o w i n g a r a n g e o f root r o t s u s c e p t i b i l i t y t o a l l f o u r p a t h o g e n s i s g i v e n i n T a b l e 4.
-3-
T a b l e 4 . R o o t d i s e a s e l e v e l s o f s o m e s e l e c t e d s u b . c l o v e r s w h e n g r o w n i n soil i n f e c t e d w i t h e a c h o f f o u r r o o t pathogens
Pathogen
Variety Pythium Rhizoctonia Fusarium Phytophthora
irregulare solani avenaceum clandestina
(AVDI)* (AVDI) (AVDI) (TRR)+
Trikkala 29.4 73.8 42.9 4
Daliak 33.6 63.6 48.9 20
GF 126.7 35.8 67.7 40.0 13
89794A 35.8 52.6 51.0 26
Treeton 36.1 62.2 34.7 70
Karridale 36.2 63.4 52.9 15
M o u n t Barker 50.0 81.1 52.3 70
Woogenellup 57.3 81.1 70.4 69
Larisa 59.3 68.2 51.3 9
83960H 66.6 87.8 64.1 40
76Y52.7 91.7 71.8 54.4 20
65328G 95.8 75.9 59.2 76
* A V D I = A v e r a g e D i s e a s e I n d e x ( a y . o f t a p r o o t a n d l a t e r a l r o o t d i s e a s e ) - d i s e a s e i n d e x c a l c u l a t e d o n o v e r a l l r o o t d a m a g e a n d staining
+TRR = T a p r o o t r o t - o n a n i n c r e a s i n g d a m a g e s c a l e , TRR = % d a m a g e (Victorian assessment
T h e a b s o l u t e l e v e l s o f d i s e a s e b e t w e e n p a t h o g e n s a r e n o t i m p o r t a n t , a s t h a t is p a r t i a l l y d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s . A w i d e r a n g e of
s u s c e p t i b i l i t y t o P y t h i u m i r r e g u l a r e a n d P y t h o p h t h o r a c l a n d e s t i n a between
v a r i e t i e s w a s r e c o r d e d , b u t l e s s o f a r a n g e o c c u r r e d w i t h F u s a r i u m a v e n a c e u m a n d R h i z o c t o n i a s o l a n i . V a r i e t i e s v a r i e d w i d e l y i n t h e i r s u s c e p t i b i l i t y to d i f f e r e n t p a t h o g e n s . F o r e x a m p l e T r i k k a l a w a s l i t t l e a f f e c t e d b y P y t h i u m and P h y t o p h t h o r a b u t w a s v e r y s u s c e p t i b l e t o R h i z o c t o n i a . T r e e t o n w a s little
a f f e c t e d b y P h y t h i u m a n d F u s a r i u m b u t w a s v e r y s u s c e p t i b l e t o Phytophthora.
6 5 3 2 8 G w a s v e r y s u s c e p t i b l e t o a l l p a t h o g e n s . M a n y o f t h e commercial c u l t i v a r s w e r e s u s c e p t i b l e t o o n e o r m o r e o f t h e pathogens.
R o o t d i s e a s e a s s e s s m e n t s d o n o t a c c u r a t e l y r e f l e c t a v a r i e t i e s t o l e r a n c e of p a t h o g e n a t t a c k , o n l y i t s a b i l i t y t o r e s i s t a t t a c k . A m o r e a c c u r a t e measure t h a t i n c o r p o r a t e s b o t h t o l e r a n c e a n d r e s i s t a n c e t o p a t h o g e n a t t a c k i s plant growth.
P l a n t w e i g h t s w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r a l l v a r i e t i e s t e s t e d a g a i n s t t h e three
p a t h o g e n s i n t h e W e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a n e x p e r i m e n t s . R e s u l t s f o r 1 2 o f t h e 60 v a r i e t i e s a r e s h o w n i n T a b l e 5.
T a b l e 5 . W h o l e p l a n t w e i g h t s f o r some s e l e c t e d s u b . c l o v e r s w h e n g r o w n i n soil i n f e c t e d w i t h e a c h o f t h r e e r o o t pathogens
Variety Pythium
Pathogen
Rhizoctonia Fusarium
irregulare solani avenaceum
(mgrms) (mgrms) (mgrms)
Trikkala 38 15 38
Daliak 37 10 39
GF 126.7 39 18 41
89794A 28 20 29
Treeton 40 12 39
Karridale 47 18 33
M o u n t Barker 30 16 33
Woogenellup 25 22 22
Larisa 21 19 28
83960H 21 15 18
76Y52.7 15 16 45
65328G 8 20 33
M e a n o f 6 0 v a r i e t i e s 2 6 . 2 1 8 . 1 34.2
R a n g e 7 . 6 - 4 7 . 1 8 . 2 - 3 4 . 0 14.6-52.4
% o f c o n t r o l s 5 3 . 5 3 7 . 1 70.0
A l l t h r e e p a t h o g e n s c a u s e d r e d u c t i o n s i n p l a n t g r o w t h c o m p a r e d t o the
c o n t r o l s . V a r i e t i e s d i f f e r e d w i d e l y i n t h e a m o u n t o f g r o w t h s u p p r e s s i o n they e x p e r i e n c e d w i t h d i f f e r e n t p a t h o g e n s . T h i s w a s p a r t i c u l a r l y n o t i c e a b l e i n the c a s e o f P h y t h i u m i r r e g u l a r e w h e r e a s i x f o l d d i f f e r e n c e i n p l a n t w e i g h t was r e c o r d e d w i t h K a r r i d a l e h a v i n g t h e l a r g e s t p l a n t s a n d 65328G t h e smallest.
T h e e f f e c t o f e a c h p a t h o g e n o n p r e - e m e r g e n c e d a m p i n g o f f a n d p l a n t ,survival a l s o v a r i e d w i d e l y . F u s a r i u m a v e n a c e u m h a d n o e f f e c t ( m e a n s u r v i v a l o f 60 v a r i e t i e s - 103%) w h i l e R h i z o c t o n i a s o l a n i h a d a s m a l l e f f e c t (73% survival), a n d P y t h i u m i r r e g u l a r e h a d a m a j o r e f f e c t ( 3 4 . 5 % s u r v i v a l ) . T h e r a n g e in s u r v i v a l o f v a r i e t i e s i n t h e p r e s e n e o f P y t h i u m i r r e g u l a r e w a s 7% t o 97%.
T h e r e s u l t s o f a l a r g e n u m b e r o f e x p e r i m e n t s c o n d u c t e d i n b o t h t h e f i e l d and g l a s s h o u s e i n W e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s e screening e x p e r i m e n t s s u g g e s t s t h a t n o s i n g l e p a t h o g e n i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r r o o t rot d i s e a s e i n W e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a . I t a p p e a r s t h a t P y t h i u m i r r e g u l a r e and
P h y t o p h t h o r a c l a n d e s t i n e a r e t h e m a j o r r o o t p a t h o g e n s w i t h R h i z o c t o n i a s o l a n i a l s o c a p a b l e o f c a u s i n g s e r i o u s r e d u c t i o n s i n p l a n t p e r f o r m a n c e . F u s a r i u m a v e n a c e u m h a s n o t c a u s e d s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n s i n p l a n t p e r f o r m a n c e a n d can b e c o n s i d e r e d a s a l e s s i m p o r t a n t pathogen.
B . MUREX MEDIC EVALUATION
( 1 ) R e g e n e r a t i n g V a r i e t y Trials
S i t e s : 86MT56 ( M o u n t B a r k e r ) G r a v e l l y l o a m pH 5 . 2 (water)
86NA46 ( D a r k e n ) Loamy s a n d pH 5.4
86M037 ( R e g a n s F o r d ) F i n e r e d s a n d pH 5.8
-5-
A l l s i t e s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 8 6 a n d c r o p p e d i n 1 9 8 7 . E s t a b l i s h m e n t counts t a k e n p r i o r t o c r o p p i n g a r e s h o w n i n Table
T a b l e 6 . R e g e n e r a t i o n d e n s i t y (Plants/sq.
6.
m e t r e ) i n a u t u m n 1987
Species V a r i e t y M o u n t Barker Darkan R e g a n s Ford
T . subterraneum Daliak - - 301
Dalkeith - 313 198
S e a t o n Park 1,388 266 209
Trikkala 2,457 - -
Junee 1,285 138 246
G r e e n Range 1,060 222 -
T . balansa Paradana 688 - -
M. rugosa Paraponto - 0 79
M . polymorpha Santiago 116 7 372
N4980 - 16 -
C i r c l e Valley 138 7 213
M . murex Zodiac 460 13 71
5320 25 0 25
5655 110 0 0
CD26 144 13 4
CD38.2.1 175 7 13
CD53.1 356 60 32
CD64.4.1 310 0 11
CD67.7.1 276 50 2
CD67.10 269 22 19
CD71.3 329 22 21
CD80.10 341 0 40
CD99.10 - 35 9
CD133.3.2 235 16 25
CD146.1 63 0 23
SAD4113 322 0 15
SAD10069 347 0 32
SAD10571 - 7 -
SAR3458.1 75 0 4
3466.1 60 - -
3471.1 44 - -
3474 653 10 28
3478.1 101 0 4
3479.1 310 - -
3479.2 241 - -
3492.1 319 - -
3496.1 76 7 34
3496.2 44 - 25
3505.1 66 28 -
3507.1 416 - -
DZA3179.5.2 360 0 15
3180.4 232 7 19
3181.1.1 47 7 11
3182.3.4 75 22 34
3184.4.1 187 0 17
3186.3.2 57 0 4
3172 - - 23
E x t r e m e l y d r y s p r i n g c o n d i t i o n s a t D a r k a n a n d R e g a n s F o r d c o n s i d e r a b l y reduced s e e d y i e l d s , e s p e c i a l l y o f l a t e r m a t u r i n g m u r e x varieties.
( 2 ) G r a z i n g Trials
( a ) 851'TA36 ( A r t h u r River)
T h i s l a r g e g r a z i n g t r i a l w a s r e s o w n i n 1 9 8 7 a f t e r t h e 1 9 8 6 d r o u g h t . T h e r e was g o o d e s t a b l i s h m e n t f r o m e a r l y M a y r a i n s b u t n o f u r t h e r r a i n f o r 5 w e e k s and d r o u g h t c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e y e a r r e s u l t i n g i n t o t a l failure.
T h e t r i a l w i l l a g a i n b e r e s o w n i n 1988.
( b ) 8 7 A 2 0 ( A v o n d a l e R e s e a r c h Station) R e d , a v o n v a l l e y l o a m , c r o p p e d 1986.
P l o t s s o w n a t 1 4 k g / h a o f s u b . c l o v e r o r 1 0 k g / h a o f m e d i c . G r a z e d a t 6 DSE/ha f r o m 6 w e e k s a f t e r seeding.
S e e d y i e l d s i n D e c e m b e r were:
S u b . c l o v e r ( S e a t o n P a r k / D a l k e i t h ) - 4 7 6 kg/ha M . A p o l y m o r p h a ( C i r c l e V a l l e y / S a n t i a g o ) - 5 8 6 kg/ha M. m u r e x ( Z o d i a c l o o k a l i k e s ) - 3 0 0 kg/ha
S e e d y i e l d s w e r e g o o d c o n s i d e r i n g t h e d r y f i n i s h t o t h e y e a r . T h e later m a t u r i n g m u r e x m e d i c s e t l e s s s e e d t h a n t h e o t h e r t w o s p e c i e s a s w a s expected i n t h i s k i n d o f season.
( c ) 8 7 N 0 8 3 ( W e s t D a l e - M r R . Cooke)
G r e y s a n d o v e r g r a v e l l y s a n d . P o o r p a s t u r e ( n o l e g u m e ) i n 1 9 8 6 . S o w n in e a r l y M a y b u t f a i l e d d u e t o d r o u g h t . R e s o w n o n J u n e 1 2 . S e e d r a t e of
s u b c l o v e r 1 4 k g / h a , m e d i c 1 0 k g / h a a n d s e r r a d e l l a 5 k g / h a . U n g r a z e d f o r most o f g r o w i n g s e a s o n . V e r y w e e d y . P o o r s p r i n g c o n d i t i o n s , l a t e s o w i n g a n d weeds r e d u c e d s e e d y i e l d s . S e e d y i e l d s i n D e c e m b e r were:
S u b . c l o v e r ( J u n e e / S e a t o n P a r k / D a l k e i t h ) - 2 6 4 kg/ha M . m u r e x ( Z o d i a c l o o k a l i k e s ) - 6 0 kg/ha S e r r a d e l l a ( T a u r o / M a d e i r a ) - 2 8 6 kg/ha ( 3 ) P o t e n t i a l production
8 7 N 0 8 2 ( W e s t T o o d y a y ) B r o w n s a n d y l o a m , w e l l d r a i n e d , d e e p . Whitegum/redgum.
W h e a t i n 1 9 8 6 . S o w n M a y 6 , @ 1 0 0 k g / h a . G e r m i n a t i o n o n M a y 8.
Varieties:
Treatments:
S u b . c l o v e r - S e a t o n Park M u r e x m e d i c - Zodiac
B u r r m e d i c - C i r c l e Valley ( a ) U n d e f o l i a t e d t h r o u g h o u t year
( b ) Mown e v e r y t w o w e e k s i n w i n t e r a n d w e e k l y i n spring M e a s u r e m e n t s : T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n t h r o u g h o u t season.
T o t a l p r o d u c t i o n w a s m e a s u r e d m o n t h l y ( e v e r y t w o w e e k s i n s p r i n g ) f o r both u n d e f o l i a t e d a n d d e f o l i a t e d s w a r d s a n d t h e r e s u l t s a r e s h o w n i n F i g u r e 1.
-7-
F i g u r e 1 . S e a s o n a l p r o d u c t i o n o f t h r e e l e g u m e s p e c i e s g r o w n a t T o o d y a y i n 1987
- 2 ,
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D r y s p r i n g c o n d i t i o n s r e s t r i c t e d t h e p o t e n t i a l o f Z o d i a c a n d S e a t o n P a r k to p r o d u c e w e l l l a t e i n t h e s e a s o n . E a c h o f t h e s e v a r i e t i e s c o u l d h a v e produced s e v e r a l t h o u s a n d k i l o g r a m s m o r e i f n o r m a l s p r i n g r a i n s h a d o c c u r r e d . The e a r l i e r f l o w e r i n g C i r c l e - V a l l e y p r o b a b l y a c h i e v e d c l o s e t o maximum production.
R e g u l a r d e f o l i a t i o n r e d u c e d t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f a l l v a r i e t i e s c o m p a r e d t o the u n d e f o l i a t e d t r e a t m e n t s . H o w e v e r , Z o d i a c w a s l e a s t a f f e c t e d a n d C i r c l e Valley m o s t a f f e c t e d b y d e f o l i a t i o n . T h e d e f o l i a t e d Z o d i a c y i e l d a v e r a g e d a b o u t 80%
o f t h e u n d e f o l i a t e d y i e l d u n t i l m i d s p r i n g , w h i l e S e a t o n P a r k w a s a b o u t 75% of t h e u n d e f o l i a t e d a n d C i r c l e V a l l e y a b o u t 60%.
P o d a n d s e e d y i e l d s w e r e a l s o m e a s u r e d i n D e c e m b e r a n d a r e s h o w n i n T a b l e 7.
T a b l e 7 . P o d a n d s e e d y i e l d o f l e g u m e s w a r d s d e f o l i a t e d r e g u l a r l y throughout t h e y e a r o r l e f t undefoliated
S p e c i e s T . s u b t e r r a n e u m M. m u r e x M. polymorpha
V a r i e t y S e a t o n P a r k Z o d i a c C i r c l e Valley
P o d y i e l d (kg/ha)
- undefoliated 768 1,528 2,142
- defoliated 668 1,134 915
S e e d y i e l d (kg/ha)
- undefoliated 296 373 780
- defoliated 253 265 345
S e e d / p o d ratio
- undefoliated 0.39 0.24 0.36
- defoliated 0.38 0.23 0.38
C i r c l e V a l l e y s e t t h e m o s t p o d a n d s e e d w h e n u n d e f o l i a t e d , b u t i t s s e e d yield w a s r e d u c e d b y 56% w h e n r e g u l a r l y d e f o l i a t e d . Z o d i a c s e t a l o t o f p o d s both w h e n d e f o l i a t e d a n d u n d e f o l i a t e d , b u t a l o w s e e d / p o d r a t i o ( 0 . 2 4 ) possibly e x a g g e r a t e d b y t h e d r y f i n i s h , m e a n t t h a t s e e d y i e l d s w e r e o n l y average.
D e f o l i a t i o n o n l y r e d u c e d s e e d y i e l d s o f Z o d i a c b y 29% r e f l e c t i n g t h e tolerance o f t h i s v a r i e t y t o s e v e r e defoliation.
T h e s e e d y i e l d o f S e a t o n P a r k w a s s l i g h t l y l e s s t h a n t h a t o f Z o d i a c , b u t like Z o d i a c i t w a s o n l y s l i g h t l y a f f e c t e d b y d e f o l i a t i o n s u f f e r i n g a 15% d r o p in s e e d yield.
T h e s e r e s u l t s g i v e some c l e a r g u i d e l i n e s a s t o how t h e m u r e x s p e c i e s s h o u l d be m a n a g e d r e l a t i v e t o b o t h t h e b u r r m e d i c s a n d s u b . c l o v e r . C l e a r l y i t s reponse t o d e f o l i a t i o n i s s i m i l a r t o s u b . c l o v e r w h e r e a s t h a t o f t h e b u r r m e d i c s are not.
C . PHASIC DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
T h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n c o m m e n c e m e n t o f f l o w e r i n g a n d p r o d u c t i o n o f viable s e e d w a s s t u d i e d f o r a n u m b e r o f l e g u m e s p e c i e s a n d v a r i e t i e s a t f o u r widely s e p a r a t e d s i t e s d u r i n g 1 9 8 7 . T h e w o r k i s i n c o m p l e t e a s s e e d v i a b i l i t y i s yet t o b e d e t e r m i n e d , h o w e v e r some d a t a o n f l o w e r i n g d a t e a n d p o d a n d s e e d yields a r e available.
-9-
T h e t r i a l s a n d s i t e s were:
8 7 B A 2 8 - B a d g i n g a r r a R e s e a r c h Station 8 7 N 0 8 1 - W e s t Toodyay
8 7 K A 3 8 - N o r t h F r a n k l a n d ( S . W . Kojonup) - S h e n t o n P a r k F i e l d Station
A l l s i t e s g e r m i n a t e d o n M a y 8 f r o m a w i d e s p r e a d g e n e r a l r a i n . C o m m e n c e m e n t of f l o w e r i n g o f e a c h d o u b l e r o w w a s d e t e r m i n e d w h e n 50% o f t h e p l a n t s h a d at l e a s t o n e f u l l y o p e n e d f l o w e r . C o m m e n c e m e n t o f f l o w e r i n g v a r i e d widely b e t w e e n s i t e s a n d b e t w e e n v a r i e t i e s w i t h i n s i t e s a s s h o w n i n T a b l e 8.
T a b l e 8 . D a y s t o c o m m e n c e m e n t o f f l o w e r i n g o f s o m e l e g u m e v a r i e t i e s s o w n at f o u r s i t e s i n W e s t e r n Australia
V a r i e t y S p e c i e s B a d g i n g a r r a S h e n t o n W e s t South-west P a r k T o o d y a y Kojonup
Northam T . subterraneum 73 79 74 89
Dalkeith T . subterraneum 79 97 100 110
S e a t o n Park T . subterraneum 108 114 122 123
Tr.ikkala T . subterraneum 117 114 121 127
Junee T . subterraneum 123 136 129 131
G r e e n Range T . subterraneum 121 136 129 133
Karridale T . subterraneum 127 141 140 149
GRC5658.2 M. murex 78 93 100 92
CD146.1 M. murex 109 126 123 121
Zodiac M . murex 124 124 126 128
CD67.7.1 M . murex 127 132 131 131
Santiago M . polvmorpha 77 86 78 79
C i r c l e Valley M. polvmorpha 95 94 102 101
Cyprus M. trunculata 79 90 85 92
DP6 0 . compressus 95 101 101 102
Madeira 0 . compressus 96 109 106 108
Tauro 0 . compressus 115 122 124 129
Beenong T . cherleri 114 107 118 121
Paradana T . balansa 124 131 135 132
Kyambro T . r e s u p i n a t u m 135 141 152 147
N o r t h a m s u b . c l o v e r f o l l o w e d b y S a n t i a g o b u r r m e d i c w e r e t h e e a r l i e s t flowering v a r i e t i e s a t a l l s i t e s , b u t a t S . W . K o j o n u p t h e i r o r d e r w a s reversed.
T . r e s u p i n a t u m , K y a m b r o w a s t h e l a t e s t f l o w e r i n g v a r i e t y f o l l o w e d b y Karridale s u b . c l o v e r . A g a i n a t S . W . K o j o n u p t h e o r d e r w a s r e v e r s e d w i t h K a r r i d a l e two d a y s later.
T h e m o s t v a r i a b l e v a r i e t y w a s D a l k e i t h w i t h c o m m e n c e m e n t o f f l o w e r i n g varying f r o m 7 9 d a y s a t B a d g i n g a r r a t o 1 1 0 d a y s a t S . W . K o j o n u p . T h i s m a y partly e x p l a i n t h e e x c e l l e n t a d a p t a t i o n o f t h i s v a r i e t y t o a w i d e r a n g e of
e n v i r o n m e n t s . T h e m u r e x v a r i e t y G R C 5 6 5 8 . 2 w a s a l s o v a r i a b l e ( 7 8 - 1 0 0 days), w h i l e Z o d i a c m u r e x w a s t h e l e a s t v a r i a b l e o f a l l s p e c i e s a n d varieties
( 1 2 4 - 1 2 8 days).
S e e d y i e l d a n d t h e c o m p o n e n t s o f s e e d y i e l d w e r e a s s e s s e d i n D e c e m b e r by s a m p l i n g o n e m e t r e o f t h e d o u b l e r o w o f e a c h v a r i e t y . F r o m t h i s sampling w e i g h t p e r p o d , s e e d p o d r a t i o s , s e e d n u m b e r a n d s e e d w e i g h t p e r p o d were d e t e r m i n e d . T h e d a t a f r o m t h e S . W . K o j o n u p a n d S h e n t o n P a r k s i t e s i s n o t yet a v a i l a b l e , b u t t h e r e s u l t s f r o m B a d g i n g a r r a a n d T o o d y a y a r e s h o w n i n T a b l e 9.
T a b l e 9 . S e e d y i e l d c o m p o n e n t s o f a n u m b e r o f l e g u m e s p e c i e s a n d varieties g r o w n a t t w o s i t e s i n 1987
Variety Species S e e d yield
(gins/metre) B . * T.*
N o . seeds /pod
B . T.
Wt /pod
B.
seed (mgrms)
T.
Seed/pod ratio
B . T.
Northam T. sub. 21.0 36.1 2.5 2.9 17.8 14.6 .26 .24
Dalkeith T. sub. 39.4 76.0 2.6 3.0 22.3 24.6 .29 .27
S e a t o n Park T. sub. 33.2 45.2 2.5 2.8 15.1 16.0 .28 .31
Trikkala T. sub. 23.2 46.2 2.4 2.5 19.0 22.0 .36 .37
Junee T. sub. 24.4 31.6 2.5 2.3 15.4 12.9 .21 .25
G r e e n Range T. sub. 29.4 47.3 2.7 2.8 18.5 17.9 .35 .39
Karridale T. sub. 22.4 26.4 2.0 2.1 12.1 9.7 .26 .28
GRC5658.2 M. murex 39.4 118.1 5.3 7.2 36.2 49.3 .17 .21
CD146.1 M. murex 31.3 46.9 4.9 6.6 23.6 30.3 .19 .24
Zodiac M. murex 26.6 79.5 4.3 5.7 17.2 23.6 .19 .28
CD67.7.1 M. murex 27.7 40.3 4.0 6.3 16.2 25.9 .16 .24
Santiago M. poly. 26.6 125.5 2.6 4.2 8.9 15.2 .27 .39
C i r c l e Valley M. poly. 30.9 106.0 2.7 4.3 9.7 15.2 .24 .38
Cyprus M. trunc. 35.2 57.6 5.5 6.0 22.7 22.8 .22 .24
DP6 0. comp. 29.5 56.4
Madeira 0. comp. 28.3 32.8
Tauro 0. comp. 30.1 25.2
Beenong T. cherl. 22.5 66.9 4.0 9.6 26.0 42.4 .31 .39
Paradana T. bal. 11.9 - 42.5 - 28.2 - .39 -
Kyambro T. resuP. 9.4 - 27.3 - 11.9 - .36
* B = Badgingarra T = Toodyay
S e e d y i e l d s o f t h e B a d g i n g a r r a s i t e w e r e m u c h l o w e r t h a n t h o s e a t T o o d y a y for n e a r l y a l l v a r i e t i e s . A t B a d g i n g a r r a t h e h i g h e s t y i e l d i n g v a r i e t i e s were D a l k e i t h s u b . c l o v e r a n d G R C 5 6 5 8 . 2 m u r e x f o l l o w e d b y C y p r u s b a r r e l m e d i c . At T o o d y a y S a n t i a g o a n d C i r c l e V a l l e y b u r r m e d i c a n d G R C 5 6 5 8 . 2 m u r e x m e d i c were e a s i l y t h e b e s t v a r i e t i e s . A t t h i s s i t e t h e g e n e r a l l y h i g h e r y i e l d s o f most v a r i e t i e s w e r e r e f l e c t e d i n b o t h g r e a t e r s e e d n u m b e r p e r p o d a n d s e e d weight p e r p o d . S e e d / p o d r a t i o s w e r e a l m o s t u n c h a n g e d b e t w e e n s i t e s f o r the
s u b . c l o v e r s b u t i n c r e a s e d c o n s i d e r a b l y f o r m a n y o f t h e m e d i c varieties.
F u r t h e r r e s u l t s f r o m t h e s e s t u d i e s w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e w i t h i n a f e w months.
-11-
