This report presents quarterly statistics for all sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs) in the Northern Territory (NT) during the periods July to September 2002 and October to December 2002. Data for this report is sourced from the Northern Territory Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NTNDSS), the centralised database of NT wide notifications and the AIDS/STD Program’s HIV and AIDS databases.
1. Aims of the report
The aim of the report is to provide up to date information that can be used by service providers to assess the current level of infection within their district. Regular reports seek to raise the awareness of all service providers about the high rates of preventable and largely, readily curable infections and assist clinicians to plan targeted interventions.
2. Format
The report is divided into bacterial sexually transmissible infections (gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas). The format for this report differs slightly to previous reports in that donovanosis is presented separately purely due to the small numbers. The blood borne viruses hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus are presented independent of the bacterial STIs. For the first time this report contains data on rates of bacterial STI according to Urban or Rural classification for Darwin and Alice Springs districts.
3. Trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) notification in the NT 19912002 Human immunodeficiency virus is a notifiable condition in all states and territories of Australia. Since the first case of HIV was diagnosed in the Northern Territory in 1985, there have been 130 cases reported in NT residents. A further 14 cases have been diagnosed in foreign nationals transiting Darwin for periods of three months or less. Whilst information is collected on all newly diagnosed HIV in individuals tested in the NT, as they potentially impact on local epidemiology of the disease, analysis is exclusively on cases classified as residents (resident for >3 months).
The AIDS/STD Program maintains a restricted access database dedicated to HIV notifications and the enhanced data fields relevant to the disease. In 2002 the data was cleaned and
additional fields were included to align with national surveillance. In the interest of reporting high quality information, analysis of data is from 1991 inclusive. Prior to that, incomplete fields compromise data integrity.
Overall, rates of infection in the NT are lower than the national average and numbers are small. Prior to 1997 the profile of transmission in the NT mirrored that of the wider Australian population in that the vast majority of diagnoses were made in non Indigenous males who reported male to male sexual exposure. More recently, females and Aboriginal people have become increasingly represented in Territory cases. Definite trends are difficult to identify with such small case numbers, however monitoring modes of transmission and characteristics of individuals being diagnosed with HIV is essential in developing appropriate and timely public health responses.
Northern Territory AIDS/STD Program Surveillance Update
Department of Health and Community Services, Vol. 3 No 2, JulSep 2002 & OctDec 2002
Results
The majority of HIV cases diagnosed in NT residents occur in males (84%, n=65) (fig.1) and are most likely to be diagnosed in Darwin (84%, n=65). Diagnoses among females account for 26% (range 0 to 50%) of all HIV cases in NT residents notified in the period 1997 to 2002. This compares to a national proportion of 11.5% for HIV cases among females in the period 1997 to 2001 (most recent national data) 1 .
Figure 1. HIV cases in NT residents by gender and year 19912002
Of all the cases recorded between 1991 and 2002, ninety two percent of cases (n=11) in females resulted from heterosexual exposure. This compares with 33% (n=22) for all male cases. Table one summarises the percentage of HIV cases acquired heterosexually and those aged less than 30 at diagnosis, for different time periods over the past decade.
Table 1. Summary of trend for age at diagnosis and exposure category since 1991
Men who have sex with men (MSM) +/ bisexual sexual activity remains the most frequent mode of transmission (47%), with heterosexual exposure accounting for 43% of all cases (fig.2). Other risk factors including mothertochild transmission, injecting drug use, MSM + IDU and other/not known comprise the remaining 10% of exposures. Nationally, figures are reported at 10.6% and 77.6% for heterosexual and homosexual exposure respectively 1 .
Over half (54%, n=18) of the cases in NT residents due to heterosexual exposure in the period 1991 to 2002, resulted from sexual contact with a person from a high HIV prevalence
country. Of the cases where male to male sexual exposure was the reported risk, 38% (n=14) included bisexual behaviour.
Further analysis by indigenous status reveals over half (55%, n=11) of all indigenous cases of HIV have resulted from MSM/bisexual behaviour and 35% (n=7) from reported heterosexual
0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2
1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2
N o . o f c a s e s
F e m a l e M a l e
Year or Period
Cases acquired heterosexually (%)
Cases aged under 30 years (%)
2002 7(88) 4(50)
2001 1(25) 1(25)
2000 2(66) 1(33)
1999 2(40) 1(20)
19912002 33(43) 17(22)
19962002 23(47) 14(28)
19911995 10(36) 3(10)
activity. These proportions are comparable with national surveillance of newly diagnosed HIV among Indigenous people (44% homosexual and 34% heterosexual transmission).
Among nonIndigenous NT cases, MSM / bisexual and heterosexual contact each account for 45% (n=26) of all reported exposure to HIV.
Figure 2. HIV cases in NT residents 1991 2002 by exposure category
HIV was first reported in an Aboriginal person in the NT in 1991 (fig.3). Cases among Indigenous people now account for 26% (n=20) of all notifications. The majority of HIV cases among Indigenous people in the NT occur in males (75%). The first HIV case in an Aboriginal woman was reported in 1997. In the period 1997 to 2002, there have been 13 cases of HIV notified in Aboriginal people in the NT, 5 (38%) of those have been in women.
Figure 3. HIV cases in NT residents by Indigenous status 1991 2002
Discussion
The small number of HIV diagnoses in the NT mean it is difficult to draw conclusions about likely trends in disease transmission. Balanced against this is the need to respond in an appropriate and timely manner to address the emergence of likely new transmission patterns or disease increases in a particular group. The data presented here raises some interesting questions and how we use it to inform public health programs may be crucial in influencing the progression of this infection in the NT.
The first case of HIV in an Aboriginal person in the Territory occurred in 1991 and although initially the numbers of diagnoses made in Aboriginal people was low, over the last 10 years the proportion of HIV cases occurring in Aboriginal people has steadily increased. Now it reflects the proportion of Aboriginal people in the NT. Any increase in HIV cases is a concern regardless of population group however, as the remainder of this surveillance report
Male homosexual / bisexual contact H eterosexual contact 47%
43%
O ther 3%
M othertochild 1%
Male homosexual / bisexual contact and IDU
3%
IDU 3%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2
N o . o f c a s e s
n o n I n d i g e n o u s I n d i g e n o u s
details, Aboriginal people in the NT already bear an extremely high disease burden for treatable bacterial STIs. There is good evidence 2 to suggest that high rates of STIs in a population predispose them to HIV acquisition if they are exposed. In this situation of
inability to curb the spread of treatable infections, the likelihood of successfully controlling an incurable infection should it spread, does not foster optimism. The approach has to be about prevention.
Historically, the NT has differed from the national HIV exposure profile with higher proportions of reported transmission from heterosexual exposure. This proportion has increased in the period 1996 to 2002 when compared with 1991 to 1995. The characteristics of non NT residents diagnosed with HIV while in the NT are not analysed in detail despite their likely impact on local epidemiology of disease. However, we do record likely source of HIV infection for individuals reporting heterosexual sex with a person from a high HIV prevalence country. Analysis of this 12 years of data demonstrates that almost half of all heterosexual transmission of the disease (46%) occurred as a result of sex with a person NOT from a high HIV prevalence country. This is a significant consideration in devising
community awareness campaigns and educating heterosexual people about their risk of disease.
Almost 40% of new HIV diagnoses among males reporting sexual activity with males also report bisexual activity. This means these cases are classified as MSM / bisexual exposure and the assumption is that transmission is more likely to have occurred as a result of male to male activity. Whilst there is no dispute about MSM carrying a higher risk for acquisition of HIV, it is interesting to consider how this population essentially ‘bridge’ two usually distinct risk groups (opposite and same sex).
Nationally, figures on reported bisexual activity as a risk for HIV are not reported separately to MSM sexual exposure because again, the assumption is that male to male activity was the likely mode of transmission. In terms of defining how an individual acquired HIV the MSM classification is most likely a true reflection of what is occurring. In terms of using data to be proactive in educating health care providers and the community about risk of disease, and in light of the recent survey of Australians’ sexual practices 3 reporting 'heterosexually and bisexually identified men reported similar mean numbers of female partners (for lifetime, last 5 years and last year)’, can bisexual behaviour be ignored?
In the NT there are a reasonably small number of HIV cases annually however
proportionately, these figures are reflective of what is occurring nationally. We are facing a huge public health challenge with some of the highest rates of curable STIs in the country.
Historically, this mix of characteristics in a population group has shown to be disastrous and the window of opportunity to circumvent an epidemic will presumably not last indefinitely.
References
1. HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2002. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW. 2002.
2. Laga M, Alary M, Nzila N, Manoka AT, Tuliza M, Behets F et al. Condom promotion, sexually transmitted diseases treatment, and declining incidence of HIV1 infection in female Zairian sex workers. Lancet 1994;344:24648.
3. De Visser R, Smith A, Rissel C, Richters J, Grulich A, Heterosexual experience and recent heterosexual encounters among a representative sample of adults. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 2003:27:2
4. Quarterly Notifications
The comments below relate specifically to the cases and rates of infections for the quarters covered by this report in comparison to the same period in the last or previous years.
Currently we do not analyse what may be affecting these statistics. In future reports, we hope to present summary testing data which may over time, help to give changes in disease rates a context.
4.1 Genital Chlamydia Infection
There was a total of 767 cases of chlamydia recorded on the NTNDSS in the last two quarters of 2002, representing a 19% increase on the 642 notifications in the same period in 2001. The greatest burden of disease remains with the 15 to 19 year old group, who represent almost one third (32%) of all chlamydia notifications NT wide. Gender distribution is consistent with previous trends where females account for over 60% of notifications.
Almost half (42%) of the chlamydia notifications in these two quarters were among non
Indigenous Territorians. This is close to double the percentage recorded in the same period last year (23%). Darwin district accounted for the highest proportion of notifications (43%), and Alice Springs had the highest rate of 1380 per 100 000 population.
4.2 Gonorrhoea infections
The final six months of 2002 resulted in 730 notifications of genital gonorrhoea which was slightly less (2%) than totals for the same period in the previous year. The majority of notifications were in females (55%) and as with chlamydia, those aged 15 to 19 were over
represented (31%). There was a higher proportion of gonorrhoea notifications in non
Aboriginal people (15%) for the two quarters reported here, than for the same period in 2001 (10%).
Darwin, Katherine and East Arnhem recorded increases of gonorrhoea notifications between 33 and 116% higher than those of the same period in 2001. This is in contrast to Alice Springs where gonorrhoea cases were 35% less than last year’s figures.
4.3 Syphilis
There were 204 notifications of noncongenital syphilis on the NTNDSS for July to September 2002. This figure represents a 10% decrease on notifications for the same period in 2001 and the first two quarters of 2002. Males continue to account for the majority of diagnoses (87%).
4.4 Trichomonas
Trichomonas notifications have declined by 34% for the July to December period as compared to the same timeframe in 2001. This decreasing trend has been demonstrated in the later half of each year since trichomonas was added to the list of notifiable diseases in 1999.
Trichomonas notifications are almost exclusively among females (98%) and Aboriginal people (92%).
4.5 Donovanosis
There were two cases of donovanosis reported to the NTNDSS for the later half of 2002, compared with 9 reported for the same period last year. The first nonAboriginal case since 1997 was reported in a young male.
4.6 Hepatitis C
As has been the trend in previous years, the majority of the 115 HCV notifications for this period were among males (68%) with cases most frequently diagnosed in Darwin (75%). The median age of those notified was 37 years (range 1361) with notifications peaking in the 40
44 year age group. Historically, the peak of HCV notifications in the NT fluctuates between the 3539 and 4044 year age groups.
There continues to be no distinction between likely incident and prevalent HCV infections due to difficulty obtaining the information required to classify them as such.
4.7 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
There were 3 cases of newly diagnosed HIV infection in the period of this report. Two of these notifications were in young, Aboriginal women reporting heterosexual sex as their only possible exposure. This is consistent with notifications for the first six months of this year, where all cases were heterosexually acquired.
4.8 Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
There were no new AIDS diagnoses in NT residents for the period of this report.
5. Limitations to the report
This update does not provide data on:
· complications of sexually transmitted infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease, epididimoorchitis or infertility. These are not notifiable.
· cases diagnosed as a proportion of the number of tests performed. It cannot be determined whether the epidemiology reported here reflects testing patterns or patterns of infection.
6. Consumer response
The NT AIDS/STD Program is very interested in readers’ responses to this report. Please forward any comments or suggestions to:
Jan Savage or Deidre Ballinger AIDS/STD Program
Department of Health and Community Services PO Box 40596, Casuarina
Northern Territory
Phone: (08) 8922 8606 or (08) 89227737 Fax: (08) 8922 8809
Email: [email protected] [email protected]
All data in this report are provisional and subject to future revision.
This report is downloadable in PDF format from the Department of Health and Community Services website: http://www.health.nt.gov.au/
Suggested citation: NT AIDS/STD Program Surveillance Update 2003, Department of Health and Community Services: 3(2)
1. Sexually transmissible infections (STIs)
Table 1.1 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory, JulySeptember 2002 and OctoberDecember 2002
Figure 1.1 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory, JulyDecember 2002
NT Total Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1
Quarter
JulSep 2002 408 808 383 758 131 259 156 309
OctDec 2002 322 638 384 760 73 145 140 377
JulDec 2002 730 723 767 759 204 202 296 293
1 Cases per 100,000 population
Trichomonas
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomonas
Cases per 100 000 population
Table 1.2 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by gender, JulySeptember 2002 and OctoberDecember 2002
Figure 1.2 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by gender, JulyDecember 2002
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomonas
Cases per 100 000 population
Males Females
Gender Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1
Males
JulSep 2002 185 699 139 525 63 238 4 15
OctDec 2002 145 548 143 540 44 166 2 8
Total 330 623 282 532 107 202 6 11
Females
JulSep 2002 222 924 244 1016 68 283 152 633
OctDec 2002 177 737 241 1003 29 121 138 575
Total 399 831 485 1009 97 202 290 604
Unknown
JulSep 2002 1 1 Cases per 100,000 population
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomonas
Table 1.3 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by Indigenous status, JulySeptember 2002 and OctoberDecember 2002
Figure 1.3 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by Indigenous status, JulyDecember 2002
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomonas
Cases per 100 000 population
Aboriginal nonAboriginal
Indigenous Status Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Aboriginal
JulSep 2002 307 2146 228 1593 116 811 143 999
OctDec 2002 252 1761 216 1510 62 433 129 902
Total 559 1953 444 1551 178 622 272 950
nonAboriginal
JulSep 2002 63 174 117 323 3 8 8 22
OctDec 2002 45 124 107 296 5 14 5 14
Total 108 149 224 309 8 11 13 18
Unknown I/S
JulSep 2002 38 38 12 5
OctDec 2002 25 61 6 6
Total 63 99 18 11
1 Cases per 100,000 population
Trichomonas
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis
Table 1.4 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by district, JulySeptember 2002 and OctoberDecember 2002
Figure 1.4 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by district, JulyDecember 2002
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomonas
District Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1
Darwin
JulSep 2002 112 369 174 573 36 118 48 158
OctDec 2002 114 375 163 536 27 89 41 135
Total 226 371 337 554 63 103 89 146
Katherine
JulSep 2002 65 1379 34 721 32 679 26 551
OctDec 2002 31 658 22 467 17 361 10 212
Total 96 1018 56 593 49 519 36 381
East Arnhem
JulSep 2002 45 1283 41 1169 5 143 26 741
OctDec 2002 35 998 47 1340 2 57 19 542
Total 80 1139 88 1253 7 99 45 641
Barkly
JulSep 2002 5 275 4 220 1 55 2 110
OctDec 2002 8 441 4 220 0 0 4 220
Total 13 358 8 220 1 27 6 358
Alice Springs
JulSep 2002 181 1798 130 1291 57 566 54 536
OctDec 2002 134 1331 148 1470 27 268 66 656
Total 315 1564 278 1380 84 417 120 595
1 Cases per 100,000 population
0 2 00 4 00 6 00 8 00 10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00
A lice sprin gs B arkly D arw in E a st Arnh em
C ase s p er 10 0 0 00 po p ula tion
G on orrh o ea C h lam yd ia Sy ph ilis T richo m o n as
Table 1.5 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by fiveyear age group, JulyDecember 2002
Figure 1.5 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by fiveyear age group, JulyDecember 2002
Age group Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 JulDec 2002
0004 2 23 1 11 0 0 0 0
0509 1 12 0 0 1 12 0 0
1014 44 536 26 317 10 122 12 146
15–19 233 3094 242 3214 45 598 62 823
20–24 152 1800 223 2641 45 533 52 616
25–29 101 1019 129 1302 28 283 36 363
30–34 65 665 62 634 20 205 33 338
35–39 53 609 30 345 16 184 40 459
40–44 42 529 20 252 17 214 25 315
45–49 15 219 18 262 3 44 17 248
50–54 11 187 6 102 8 136 12 203
55–59 3 70 4 93 4 93 5 116
60–64 1 40 1 40 4 160 1 40
65+ 3 86 2 57 3 86 1
Unknown 4 3
Total 730 723 767 759 204 202 296 293
1 Cases per 100,000 population
Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Syphilis Trichomonas
0 5 00 10 00 15 00 20 00 25 00 30 00 35 00
0 00 4 0 50 9 1 01 4 1 51 9 20 24 2 52 9 30 34 3 53 9 40 44 4 54 9 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 + C as e s p er 1 00 0 00 po pu la tio n
G o no rrho ea C h la m y dia Sy ph ilis T ric ho m o na s
2. Urban and Rural Burden of Disease
Figure 2.1 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by Urban and Rural split by district, JulySeptember and OctoberDecember 2002
Figure 2.2 Gonorrhoea, chlamydia syphilis and trichomonas rates in the Northern Territory by Urban and Rural split by district, JulyDecember 2002
Chlam ydia G onorrhoea Syphilis Trich om onas
D istrict Cases Rate 1 C ases R ate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1
D arwin U rban
JulSep 2002 135 495 60 220 9 33 13 48
O ctD ec 2002 135 495 73 268 9 33 17 62
T otal 270 495 133 244 18 33 30 55
D arwin R ural
JulSep 2002 35 1104 44 1388 27 852 29 915
O ctD ec 2002 24 757 37 1168 16 505 18 568
T otal 59 930 81 1277 43 678 47 741
A lice Springs U rban
JulSep 2002 56 784 52 728 17 237 21 293
O ctD ec 2002 64 895 47 657 11 154 21 293
T otal 120 839 99 693 28 195 42 293
A lice Springs R ural #
JulSep 2002 69 2361 119 4071 34 1163 30 1026
O ctD ec 2002 76 2600 76 2600 14 479 32 1095
T otal 145 2480 195 3335 48 821 62 1060
1 C ases per 1 00,000 population # Excludes SA com munities w hich m ay be notified under Alice Springs D istrict
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Darwin Urban Darwin Rural Alice Springs Urban Alice Springs Rural
Cases per 100 000 population
Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Syphilis Trichomonas
3. Donovanosis
Table 3.1 Number of cases of donovanosis diagnosed during the last two quarters of 2002 by gender, indigenous status, age and district.
Figure 3.1 Donovanosis cases in the NT by year and indigenous status
Quarter Gender Ind igenous status Age group
JulSep Fem ale A boriginal 2529
OctDec M ale non A boriginal 1519
JulDec 2002 Total = 2 cases
District notified K atherine
Darwin
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5
1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 C a s e s
A b o rig in a l n o n A b o r ig in a l n o t s ta te d
3. Hepatitis C
Figure 3.1 Percentage of hepatitis C cases in the Northern Territory by gender, JulyDecember 2002
Figure 3.2 Percentage of hepatitis C cases in the Northern Territory by indigenous status, JulyDecember 2002
Aboriginal 9%
nonAboriginal 65%
Not stated 26%
M a le 6 8 % Fe m a le
3 2 %
Table 3.1 Hepatitis C in the Northern Territory by district, JulySeptember 2002 and OctoberDecember 2002
Figure 3.3 Hepatitis C in the Northern Territory by district, JulyDecember 2002
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Darwin Katherine East Arnhem Barkly Alice Springs
Cases per 100 000 population
Gender Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 Cases Rate 1 JulSep 2002
Male 29 181 3 117 1 54 0 0 3 59
Female 12 83 2 93 0 0 1 117 0 0
OctDec 2002
Male 26 163 3 117 0 0 0 0 13 254
Female 19 132 1 47 0 0 0 0 2 40
JulDec 2002 86 141 9 95 1 14 1 27 18 89
1 Cases per 100,000 population
Alice Springs
Darwin Katherine East Arnhem Barkly
Table 3.2 Hepatitis C rates in the Northern Territory by fiveyear age group, JulyDecember 2002
Figure 3.4 Hepatitis C rates in the Northern Territory by fiveyear age group, JulyDecember 2002
H ep atitis C
A g e G ro u p C ases R ate 1 Ju lD ec 2002
0004 0 0
0509 0 0
1014 1 12
1519 1 13
2024 15 178
2529 17 172
3034 17 174
3539 16 184
4044 24 302
4549 16 233
5054 3 51
5559 3 70
60+ 1 40
U n kn o w n 1
T o tal 115 114
1 C as e s pe r 1 00 ,00 0 po pu la tion
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0004 0509 1014 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 5559 60+
Cases per 100 000 population
4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Table 4.1 Number of cases of HIV* during the last two quarters of 2002 by gender, indigenous status, age group and mode of transmission
* Cases in NT residents
Table 4.2 Annual number of cases of HIV by age group and gender, 1991–2002
Quarter Gender Indigenous status Age group
JulSep 2002 Female Aboriginal 2530
Female Aboriginal 2530
Male non Aboriginal 6065
JulDec2002 Total = 3 cases
Homosexual/Bisexual transmission Mode of transmission
Heterosexual transmission Heterosexual transmission
A g e G ro u p F e m a le M a le T o ta l
0 0 1 2 0 1 1
1 3 1 9 0 0 0
2 0 2 9 6 1 0 1 6
3 0 3 9 2 2 8 3 0
4 0 4 9 3 1 5 1 8
5 0 5 9 1 9 1 0
6 0 + 0 2 2
T o ta l 1 2 6 5 7 7
