A review of the Clean Air Journal content and presentation has been conducted by a subcommittee established following the strategic planning workshop. The next meeting of the Society Executive will be in Auckland on 27 March 1994. However, there are some differences, the most notable of which are in the area of "voluntary" audit.
Scrubbers capture 80% of the fine particles (not captured by settling tanks) along with SO2.
COMPANY PROFILE
Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating was one of the first to convert his car to ICI's ozone-friendly air conditioning gas KLEA 134a. ICI Australia's KLEA marketing manager John Bresnahan checks the conversion of greenhouse gas in the Prime Minister's car to KLEA 134a.
CONFERENCES AND COURSES
Resource Technology '94, International Symposium on Resource Technology in Natural Resource Management, Melbourne, Australia, 26-30 September 1994. Ian Bishop¢ mac.unimelb.edu.au 10th World Clean Air Congress and Exposition, Espoo Finland, 28 May - 2 June 1995. 4th International Conference on Atmospheric Sciences and Air Quality Applications (focusing on global air quality), Seoul Korea, 30 May - 2 June 1994.
Contact Frank Beaver, Center for Energy and Environmental Research, University of North Dakota, PO Box 9018, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
LEGAL WATCH
Storage, treatment, processing and disposal of certain types of industrial waste in the same way. The provisions of the Act are supplemented by the state's environmental protection policies and industrial waste management policies. Independently of the land-use planning process, the Historic Buildings Act 1981 establishes a register of historic buildings and no works of any significance can be carried out on a building on this register without special permission.
Environmental issues in the context of major projects in each country are regulated primarily through the environmental impact assessment process and planning legislation. The Act requires any person or body that has to make a decision that may have a significant effect on the environment to seek the advice and assistance of the Minister for Planning and must do so if the Minister so requests. The proponent may notify the Minister for Planning directly of the proposal (which may occur in circumstances where the proponent is unsure whether or not the proposal will be subject to legislation).
Independent of the environmental impact assessment process, planning legislation (which varies from state to state) generally requires environmental impacts to be taken into account when considering certain development approval applications. As a result, planning legislation can provide ample opportunities to consider the environmental impacts of proposals, even if no formal environmental assessment procedures are put in place. The group was founded several years ago and is one of the largest in Australia.
PERSPECTIVES ON POLLUTION
PUBLIC AWARENESS OF CHEMISTRY - CHEMICALS AND PUBUC POLICY *
Despite the complexities and uncertainties associated with these phenomena, they have become a standard topic of conversation throughout the community. In keeping with the culture of the industry, this activity was mostly directed within the factory. But to the public, chemicals are chemicals and the names associated with them are the names of big companies.
But how can practical public policy be developed if those with the expertise stay out of the debate. This is clearly linked to the state of the profession with the public as well as professional introversion. Since chemistry is about asking questions, this was further evidence of the traditional product-oriented mindset.
Due to the large number of responses, modeling requires some simplification and the inclusion of certain assumptions. At the national level, we see the development of additional measures, and in particular greater direct community participation in the policy process. Reports from the Water Board are also cited in the media calling for tightening of the commercial waste policy.
MERCURY
CONTROLLING AIR EMISSIONS - FROM POLICY
TO PRACTICALITY
"Practice Environmental Management" requires a very honest and open assessment of the organization and its performance and capabilities with a commitment by all management to the principles of Total Quality Management. After the final commissioning of Phase 1 of the Portland Smelter in June 1987, a number of complaints were received about air emissions from the smelter In response to concerns by these groups within the local community, Portland Aluminum engaged a consultant to conduct an external audit of the environmental effects of air and water discharges from the site in 1990.
Implementation of a monitoring program to determine the concentration of gaseous emissions into the air on the water surface near the smelter. Extensive source controls, well beyond the minimum requirements required by EPA, are implemented at each facility to ensure compliance with EPA discharge permit limitations. Alcoa Australia maintains the highest level of integrity in relation to self-monitoring and strongly advocates the view that self-monitoring is the most cost-effective monitoring system.
At Portland Smelter, due to its proximity to agricultural land, cattle grazing nearby are routinely bio-monitored for fluoride build-up. The risks and difficulties of managing these more dangerous alternative solvents were widely accepted in order to avoid the environmentally damaging effects of the CFC. Regular internal assessments must be performed to ensure the effectiveness of both the maintenance program and the operation of the emission control equipment and procedures.
ANODE BAKE FURNACE SCRUBBING
RAJ and F. KERNEBONE
This paper describes the steps taken to evaluate the health and environmental effects of the alternatives to CFCs and provides a summary of the results of the tests carried out so far. The objectives of the organizations are to carry out in-depth research on the potential effects of CFC alternatives on the environment. The main area of his work was the toxicity testing of the alternative chemicals (PAFT 1991, Harris 1993).
Studies addressing the toxicology of HFC-134a and HCFC-123 have been completed and some of the results are contained in Table 2. Studies conducted under the AFEAS program have identified the breakdown products of alternative fluorocarbons. Rusch G M, and Finegan C E, 1992; Status of Toxicology of Alternatives, Proceedings of the International Conference on CFCs and Halon Alternatives 1992, September 29 - October 1, Washington, USA, pp803-811.
Smithart E L, 1992; CFCs: Today There Are Answers, Proceedings of the 1992 International CFC and Halon Alternatives Conference, Washington, USA, September 29 - October 1, pages 251-260. Smithart E L, 1991; Use of HCFC-123 in coolers, Proceedings of the International CFC and Halon Alternatives Conference, 3.-5. December, Baltimore, USA, pp. 328-338. UNEP 1991; United Nations Environment Programme, Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, UNEP (ISBN.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ALBERTA
CANADA'S SUCCESS STORY
In order to determine the appropriate size of the Treatment Center, a waste inventory was compiled for Alberta in 1980, which showed that approximately 100,000 tons of special waste was generated annually. The waste reception area of the Special Waste Treatment Center is equipped for waste sampling, barrel processing, chemical storage and waste mixing. In the stationary secondary combustion chamber, temperatures are slightly higher to ensure adequate destruction and removal of the main hazardous organic components in the flue gases.
The gases from the rotary kiln pass into a secondary combustion chamber, where the combustion process is completed at elevated temperatures (greater than 1200°C) in an atmosphere of excess oxygen. The resulting flue gas is treated in a scrubber train which scrubs the acid gases (such as HCI and SO2) and particles from the gas stream. These cleaned gases are subsequently discharged to the atmosphere via a flue gas stack, which is continuously monitored and regularly tested to ensure acceptable performance of the unit. The environmental monitoring program began in 1985, a year after the location of the facility was completed.
The purpose of the external biological monitoring program is to measure any effects that the treatment center may have on the ecosystem. Safety and environmental protection have been given the highest priority in the design, construction and operation of the treatment center. However, it can be expected that the planned coordination of work with the WHO projects will open up the possibility of publishing reviews of aspects of human health in the same volume.
BOOK REVIEWS AND BOOKS
But what are or will be the best continuous emission monitoring systems in the 1990s. The papers in this volume discuss recent experiences with the application of RCRA regulations to boilers, industrial furnaces, and incinerators. With a particular focus on the Boiler and Industrial Furnace (BIF) regulations, the papers present reviews of the various impacts of these new regulations, as well as various technical reports addressing new compliance and testing approaches.
The role and need for field screening methods for the identification and quantification of contaminants in environmental media is growing rapidly. Field screening methods that generate real-time information on the nature and extent of contamination improve the cost-effectiveness of remediation. These proceedings of an international symposium sponsored by the EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab and the Air & Waste Management Association present papers on the latest science and technology of field screening.
The minutes of a specialized conference focused on the assessment and development of pollution control measures for MWC facilities, and on the role of MWC facilities in overall domestic wastewater management strategies. The documents address the planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, regulation and development of MWC facilities. The articles in this proceeding cover new technical developments and applications in the field of air pollution meteorology.
