The pelleting of clovers and fertiliser : the effects of the localized placement of fertiliser at seeding (pelleting) on germination, morphology and herbage yield of Trifolium species : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science to the University of New Zealand [Massey Agricultural College]

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Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author.

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The effects of the looal1ze t e1nent of

r

^~t1llse~

a seeding ( eJl t1ng) o germination, orpholoSY nd

berbas

^{Yield of}

ir1tglll19

^{a ecie} ^•

p sent d !n p ti

r qu1r :ent 10 th

ult 1 ent Of' the gre

or

^a ^~^of

A~1oultt ._, 1 01 no to the Un1v r ity

Of fe, 'eal d₁

~

YY'l.c..t.S ⁵⁰"'(

J

by

O.A. 1th 1951

CA°NTERBURY AGRICULTURAL COLLE'G!.

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OHAPHR _

l

- IN'l'RODUCTIOB

rase;

Hill country ecology 1 Pelleting of seed

Organ 1eat ion ot ^pr sent t ion Time an4 place of experim nt

§EQT.Qlf A

!

2 8

The Pr limina~y Inveatigatio into the Method ot Pelleting an Germination Test$•

Pot Tri le

REVIEW OF LITERA'l.'Ulm 9

11 9

P lleting of •e d A t rt111s r Fertiliser injury

Aerial sowing 13

THE EXPERIDNT, OBJ'EOTIVESf MATERIALS l4 Am> METRO!> OF PELlBTIHG.

Objectives 14

teriala • a ed 14

tert1lue:i- 15

pellets 15

Pell ti~g 15

GERMINATION TESTS AND STUDIES OF 17 THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

Tl!E PELLETS.

Gei-min tion t t 17

Solubility studies 21

Stability te t6 22

-

Plaoe=ant ot Fert111ser

t seeding.

REVIEW OF LrtERA!URE

G neral

Plaoen1ent ot: fertiliser Band plao ment ~

Ooati g seed wi'h fertiliser Granule.t1on

Advant ges of placement Plant responeaa

26 26 27

~I

28 29

30

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OHAPTER !I•

Q!W'lER

VII·

'l'J!E EXPERIMENT, OBJECTIVES, LAYOUT, J4A!ERIALS AND METHOD.

1'he exp riment

Objectiv s Layout Materials

Method Potting

Sowing OUtting

W 1gb1ng

Routine oare and notes RESULTS - POT TRIALS

Oenere.l d v lop ent Compilation of result Analysis of result Su

rr or

^results

§§O'f IQN ,

g

ROO'g §TUDIES

,.Q&E'l ... I@ ...

VI.,.I..,l.

REVI OF LI'lERATUR

Root deV'elopment

E:tt ct

or

t'ert 111ser lacement No4ul tion

Ge 1 • developm ot at the nodule

In:t'luencre of plant ntltrieat ~el t1onsh1ps on l . Host plant ,.

2. gM.zobi spp.

lX. ROOT $1'UDIES - OBJEOTI 8 • LAYOUT~

JIATERI.ALS AND METHOD.

Objectives Layout

M tbod - Laying down tbe plots

L1t't1ng

Root stud.le

Routin oa~e and notes RESULTS - ROOT STUDIES

Ba~· lishmeut

H rbage YielcSa Root weights

Root/Shoot re.ti

Late~al root orpbolog7

oduJ.at1on -

Jfodul. nmnbers

odule distribution o"'1le oolour t1on

32

33 36 36 39

41

40

41

42

43 43 45 47 52

54 54 56 55

56

60 59 62

63 63 64 63 65 66

68

69 69 70 13 76 77 80

80 83 64

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LIS!L , OF , TABLE§

Table I Resttl ts from germtnat ion tests Tabl II Solubility te ta' r ult

Table III Stability te t

Tabl IV Establ1 ment a $essment • Pot trial

Table V lean ylel of in erfeo~s - Pot tria Table Vl Ane11s1s or Vari nee ~ Pot ^t~1a1

Tabl VII Tabl of variete1 mean

~abl VIII Analysis !'£ vai-1anc oc A let out

!able IX Anal1s1 of var1 no

or

M lst out Tabl X Table of ans of . lat oui

Table XI Eatablis eut a ~aa nt - Root studi T ble XII Analysis of "tarianoe ~t he~bage yields -

lY!

18 21 23 44 43

46

48 49 50 51

51 ~

69

loot tudies

71

Table XIII Tabl of difference between me ns of

herbage yields • Root studies 71

Ta le XIV Analyaia of' var1anoe of root weights 73 Tabl

XV.

able of differ noes between an ot l'OOt

w igh a 74

Table XVI Late·ral root numbers ot plants o..r qual root

weigbta 78

'rabl · XVII 'l'tt a.t nt er.feet on l teral root number 79

Ta le XVIII Analysis o:f' var1anoe ~ nodule numbers 81 '?a le XlX Table of differences bet een means Of

nodul number 81

fabl XX Peroen\~g of tap root nodules 'l'abl XXI P roentage of ~ed ooul

84 84

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FIGURE l

FIGt.JRB 2

FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5

FI<JlJRE '

FIGURE 1

FIGURE

kl

^S!£ ^OF ^..^1Q:GYgS

D1strwib\ltion of ortb Island hill oountr7 Illustration of s1ze of pellets comi;ared

with •~z. threep

ony

^{pi e}

Equipment need in ak1ng pellets Graph of germination tests

Fert1liser g rm1nat1on injUPJ

Pelleted pho$l>hate germination 1njury Layout t v tability t t

Layout of the P t 'l'ri l FIGURES 9t 10; ll nd 12

FIGURE 1.'5

FIGURE

14

FIGURE 15

FIGURE 16 FIGURE

17

FIGURE 18

FIGURE 19 FIGURE 20

FIGURE 21 FIGURE 22

FIGURE 23

Pellet d ry graasj H1P1 a r1e

Vi w of pellet

o

plot 1n ~oot study

se~ies. abowins thod of xtra tin th root yatems.

Oontr t bet• eft poll ted and control

·e dlings 1 . the ame plot

Gr ph of' berb

se

^{1ields -} Root tudi s

'l'r at nt ettect on tol> 81'0 h nd root yields, 21 weeks t'I'om ao 11'1g

G apb o~ average root w 1ght

O r1ng treat nts at 2 week - Root stu ie

Pollet d seedlings at 2 weeks Graph of root/shoot weights

Treatment efteot at 10 weeks • Root atud1

Gr ph of treetm nt ffecta on nodul umbers

Correl t1on betwe n nodul. number and root we1 t

15A

l6A 19A

20A 20B 22A

38A 4SA 45B

70A 72.A 74.A

14B

75A 75B 76A

11A

80.A 82A

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~IGURB 24 Ooaapariso

or

pelleted and broadcast plants

at 4 W ks 82B

FIGURB 2, Ttteatment ft'ects on nooule/root weight

relationship 820