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DAN 171C(mowDAN174C)
CanC Project Number:
I^^ Due30-September
Annual Report:
. Due31-January
Progress Report:
. Due30-September
Final Report:(orwithin 3 months of completion of project)
Project Title:
Armual, Progress and Final Reports REPORTS
Project Commencement Date:
Research Program:
PCrt2 - Co"toetDet"its
Managing problem weeds of irrigated cotton production
Administrator:
Organisation:
Postal Address:
Ph: 02 6931 3219
Principal Researcher:
Organisation:
Postal Address:
Fh: 02 6799 1524
I Oct2002 ProjectCompletiom Date:
3 Crop Protection
Mr. Ginham Demiey, Manager External Funding NSW Agriculture
Locked Bag21, Oranga2800
Fax:0263913327 E-mail: eraham. denney@agric. nsw. gov. au
Supervisor:
Organisation:
Postal Address:
Fh: 02 6799 1547
Mr. Grailam Charles, Research Agonomist(Weedsin Cotton) NSW Agriculture
Locked Bag 1000, Nanabri2390
E-mail: ginham. charles@ag. ic. nsw. gov. au Fax: 02 6799 1503
Researcher 2
Organisation:
Postal Address:
Ph:
Mr. Dallas Gibb, Program Leader Plant Fibres NSW Agriculture
Locked Bag 1000, Nanabri2390
E-mails dallas. gibb@agric. nsw, gov. au
Fax: 02 6799 1503
Signature of Research Provider Representative:
30 Inn2006
(Name & position of additional researcher orsupervisor).
Fax: E-mail:
PCrt 3.2 -/tm",,"IRC;ports (d, ,e e"d qfS, ^ptembe, ;I
I. What were your major project objectives, milestones and performance indicators for the past year? (Please listthese and any project res"Its).
. Provide extension and technical support for WEEDpak. Promote WEEDpak at grower meetings, field days etc.
. Complete study of nutgrass controlin co, Iu, ,ercialcotton.
. Commence herbicide susceptibility studies for dwarf amaranth, David's spurge and red
pigweed.
. Coriumence gemiination, gowni and seedbank studies on dwarf amaranth, David's spurge
and redpigweed.
o Examine temperature and photoperiod effects on peachvine and bell vine and initiate seed
donnancy experiment.
. Collui, ence field evaluation of herbicides for dwarf amaranth, David's spurge and red pigweed management in penmanent beds with retained stubble.
. MonitorwGed density and diversity in colluiiercialcottOn.
Additional researchwork has beenundertaken to answer arange of questionsraised concerning various aspects of WEEDpak.
2. Which of these havebeen achieved?
All objectives were largely achieved, all-be-it at a reduced level, as the project was not colluiienced untilOctober and the input into the thansation of WEEDpak was far greater than was anticipated.
3. Which were not achieved and why? (Please provide detailofa"y problems you have had d"ring the year and how you plan to addressthese problems).
The assessment of nutgi'ass management in coriumercial cotton on AUScott was undertaken, but the trial was not completed, as all the monitored fields were in fallow in spring 2002. Assessment this spring and autumn (2003-2004) willshow a clearer picture as the fields rentiito cotton.
4. Do you eruvisage having problems with any aspects of your research project in the conin"g year and whatis your contingency plan?
The drought and lack of irrigation water has made it impossible to continue work on some field sites.
Two new sites for bellvine research have been established at Musgon (Qld), and four herbicide trials
are being established at ACRl. irrigation water is available at both these sites this season. Some trials were planmed to be sown into cerealstubble. The cereal was not planted last winter due to the lack of
available water. These trials will be conducted without stubble this season, with cereals to be planted into the sites next winter. This should not dimimsh the final outcomes of these trials.
5. What are your specific project objectives, milestones and performance indicators for the coining financial year? Have any of these changed?
2003 - 2004 objectives are:
. Provide extension and techntcal support for WEEDpak. Develop a new set of weed identification material and additional weed management infonnation.
. Complete studyofnutg'ass controlin cornmercialcotton.
. Undertake herbicide susceptibility studies for bellvine, dwarf amaranth, Dayid's spurge and
red pigweed.
. Evaluate the tolerance of Roundup Ready cotton to residual herbicides.
. Monitorweeddensity and diversity in fanning systems and coriumercialcotton.
These objectives have not changed.
6. Are changes to the Intellectual Property Register required? ryou may also submit a separate confidential report of information, which should be included in the report
but which you reasonably consider is confidential information).No.
7. How do you plan to demonstrate that your research is addressing the Corporation's
three outputs- Economic, Environmental and Social?The weeds team is working towards reducing the use of herbicides in cotton, particularly residual herbicides, and improving the management of problem weeds, enhancing sustainability. The impact of this work can best be demonstrated by examining the trends in herbicide use for the industry over time, by assessing the sustainability of production and importance of problem weeds, and by monitoring pesticide levels in the river systems. Much of this data is available from independent sources such anthe CCA surveys, DIPNR, chenitcalresellers and chipping contractors.
While analysis of this data was not an objective of this project, such analysis would be a useful component of a review of weedsresearch planned to occur prior to new funding in 2006.
research results to date been dissent"ated to other 8. To what extent have your
researchers, growers or the ind"shy? Please provide details and list any
publications.futile past year, the output of material from this and previousresearch has been exceptional, including WEEDpak, scientific publications, conferences, meetings and face-to-face discussions with gowers.
The majormeans of dissemination forthe weedsteam in the lastyearhas been the release and promotion of WEEDpak. WEEDpakis a comprehensive guide to integrated weed management in cotton. Of the muterial in WEEDpak, Iwasthe primary author of the following sections:
. The weed identification and infonnationguide . Managing weeds tricotton
. Managing herbicideresistance in cotton . Research results with Roundup ReadyO cotton . Managing weeds on roads, channels and waterstorages . Managing cowineincotton
. Managing nutgrassincotton
. Managing polymeria(take-all) tricotton . Herbicides for usewithpigeonpeatrap crops, ind the secondary author of:
. The integrated weedmanagementguidelines . Managing RoundupReady@cotton
As part of promotion and support of WEEDpak, I have made numerous presentations to growers and grower groups. Major promotions were undertaken at the 11 Australian Cotton Conference and the Moree Trade Show. To date 610 WEEDpaks have been distributed to the industry, as well as 382 COTTONpaks that include WEEDpak. This has been one of the fastest uptakes of any of the cotton pats.
filthe past year Ihave been the primary or secondary author on the following scientific publications:
Charles G. W. and Taylorl. N. (2003) Managing herbicide resistance and species shift in cotton using an integi'ated weed management(IWM) approach. 3rd World Cotton Research Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
Taylorl. N. , Charles G. W. and Ichbold B. (2003) Reducing residual pre-emergent or pre-plant herbicide use in cotton through the development of weed tiresholds. 3rd World Cotton Research Conference, Cape Toam, South Africa.
Johnson S. B. , Charles G. W. , MacKinnon L. , Roberts G. N. and Taylorl. N. (2003)'Cutting- edge' weed science WEEDpak-A weed identification and management guide for the Australian cotton industry. 3rd World Cotton Research Conference, Cape Tomi, South
Africa.
Johnson S. B. , Charles G. W. , Christiansen I. H. , Hazlewood S. M. , KGrlin S. E. , Keny D. G. , Roberts G. N. , Spora A. C. , Taylorl. N. and Watson I. (2002). Getting the message out.
WEEDpak - A developing weed identification andmanagement guide forthe Australian Cotton industry. Australian Weeds Conference, Perth.
Johnson S. B. , StridelB. M. and Charles G. W. (2002). The problem ofMalvaceae weeds in cotton farming systems. Australian Weeds Conference, Perth.
Iwas also a secondary authoron conference 3 papers:
Taylorl. and Charles G. (2002). integrated weedmanagement for Australian cottonproduction systems. Proceedings of the Eleventh Australian Cotton Conference, Brisbane, Qld, pp.
133-145.
Taylorl. , Charles G. and inchbold B. (2002). Improved weed management in inigated cotton production systems;reducing dependence on residual pre-plant andpre-emergent herbicides. Proceedings of the Eleventh Australian Cotton Conference, Brisbane, Qld, pp. 149-162.
Johnson S. B. , Taylorl. N. , SindelB. M. , Charles G. W. and MOOKinnon L. (2002). The distribution, spread and management of bladderkeima, anoda weed and velvetleafin Australian cotton farming systems. Proceedings of the EleventhAustralian Cotton Conference, Brisbane, Qld, pp. 169-176.
Ialso made presentations at grower meetings, field days, industry meetings, research reviews and
conferences, including the 3" World CottonResearch Conference, and undertook3 herbicide efficacy
reviews fortheNRA.
9. How do you intend to communicate the results or findings of your research to other
researchers/growers/industry in the nextyear? What assistance win you need?
Presentations will be made at field days, workshops and conferences as OPPortruiities arise. Articles will be subinttted to the Australian Cotton Grower and new units prepared for WEEDpak. Scientific
papers will also be produced from this work. Financial support will be needed when the next units of
WEEDpak are ready for publication.
10. Were there major highlights i" your work over the last nine months? Please give a
briefoutline.
. The release of WEEDpak was the major litglilight of this project, as has already been discussed. All responses to WEEDpak have been positive, with a number of new areas
identified that warrant additional attention.
. The nutgi'ass infestations on cornmercialfields at Nanabri had risen from around 0.1%
infeststion of the surveyed areas in 1995 to an average of 24% infeststion in 2001, as shorni
below.
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
%nutgrass infestation
To examine the effectofRoundup Ready cotton and in-crop glyphosate formanaging nutgrass, fields 6, 9, 10, 12 and 13 were divided in half, with one halftreated with glyphosate, and the other halfsown to conventional cotton and treated with MSNIA. Surveys in spring and autunnn showed an increase in infestation on the conventional areas from 16.4% to 23.1%, but a decrease in infestation on the Roundup Ready areas from 33.2% to 23.2%. This result confimis other reports of good control of nutgrass using Roundup Ready cotton.
Herbicide susceptibility experiments have been ittitiated fordwarfamaranth, pig weed and David's spurge, but only Iinitted results are available to date.
David's spurge seedlings have shown some susceptibility to post-emergence applications of
prometryn, while pigweed seedlings were easily controlled using post-emergence applications
ofdiuron, prometryn and fluometuron, asshown below.% survival of seedlings post appmcation
David'ss ur e
kg ai. /ha
2 modes 100%
100%
100%
100%
50%
63%
63%
100%
100%
O%
Field 4 Feb5
Pi eed
4cm diam 2cm diam
100%
nil 100%
O% O%
0.9 diuron
O%
1.8 O%
di"ron
O%
1.13 O%
pronetryn
O% O%
prometryn 2.25
O%
0.44 + 0.44 O%
pronetryn +fluometuron
O%
0.88 + 0.88 O%
prometryn + fluonet"ron
O%
1.4 O%
fluometuron
O% O%
2.8 fluometuron
100%
1.12 50%
MsMA
100% 100%
2.24 MsMA
100% 100%
Staple 0.1
25%
Staple 0.2 50%
25%
0,011 O%
Envoke
O%
0,023 25%
Envoke
. No results are yet available forthe weed ecology studies with dwarfamaranth, pig weed and David's spurge.
Feb6
Herbicide
a 29-Apr-96 . 7-May-97 n 8-Apr-98 u3. Mar99 . 26-Apr-00 . 11-Apr-01
Feb7 Feb8
. Allanalysis offield resultsindicates that the susceptibilities of dwarfamaranth and pigweed
are:
Dwarfamaranth
glyphosate glufosinate-alumonium
bromoxyiiil
innuralin prometryii
S 16
Discrepancies between this and the earlier results may relate to weed size at the time of application.
Further research will clarify this.
pigveed
Controlled b
bromoxyiiil
fluometuron Zoliar
metolachlor charon Zoliar
Noteomtro"co b
glufosinate-alumonium
innuralin diuron
rome
