Palmerston North : a study of suburban shops and services : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography at Massey University

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Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for

a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and

private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without

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PALMERSTON NORTH1

A S'i.1Jt)'y Of SUBURBAN' SHOPS AND SERV1CES

A Thesis Pi-esented in Partial Ful.f'ilment oi

the ~,cquirements for the Degree of

Master of Arts in

Geography at Massey University

By

CHRISTINE ROSEMARY WORTHINGTON Hassey University

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PR!FACB

-

Aim The aim o!' ^ti\ethesis ia to try to establish, through a study o£

suburb411 shops and services in Palmerston Horth, some ol the past and present trends and patterns which llli9ht assist in the future planning of 1~b"1Tban lacilitie$.

Chapter I describes the general patterns of suburban shops and services. In Chapters II, III and lV shopping centres of £our or-

more shops and services are examined in greater detail, while Chapter V is a ca.se stu.dy 0£ snops, services and shopping patterns in Milson suburb.

Method

Direct observation and classification 0£ 1\.lbul'ban shops and services vu followed b-y interviews with shopkeepers in some suburban shopping centres, and finally a random sample of Milson shoppers vas interviewed in their home.s.

The firs~ La~k vas to order and define s~b\U'ban shops and services so that they co-..Utl be atudied. Th.e Palmerston North City CoWlCil Tovn Planning I>epartw~nt¹s definition of the central business district (or city centre) vas used, and shops ~ithin its boundaries excl~ded. All other shops listed iD the Town Planning Department's booklet "Suburban Shoppingi List c.f Activities& March 1968" vere marked on large-scale rnaps o..f the city ami checked in the fields nev shops were added and de.f\.Lnct ones deleted.. All the dil'f erent tunctions found in sW>wban shopping centres were listed (Table III) and groups of •hoP• vere classi!ied ac:cording to the l.Nlllber of shops lUlc1 services situated toge- ther (Table I).

The location ot shops and services and the association 0£ functions were •apped, and the l.vger groups of shops vith low- or

more

luncti:ons.

termed sboppin,g ecnttes, were at\&died in detail. All tbe owners or managers ot shops, as well as b.airdl-eesers aJM1 barber• in all the .ajor shopping cent.-cs (10 - 16 l\mctiona) and aou ol the ainor centres (4 -

a

f\metions) nre inteJ'Viwed. Only three people ref\aaecl to answer th•

questionnaire (Appendix A), and ill tvo 0£ these c:uea some of the 1nfor- aation vu obtained ll'Oll tbe .lira' aanqera.

In order tc ol>t.ain detailed into....tiOD on aboppiag pattvu, and to coap&re the ^QI ¢1 lllburban shops with visit• to the city centre

an«

other sbopa, a r-a.udom suple ^{ol ' '}Kilson •hoppen vu intemfte4 in their holae• (At>})'lndix

a).

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ACDIOWLEDG£MENTS

~Y thanks go to .U.l those p~blic servants and private individu.ala vno have ansvcred questions, provided information, or revealed their

snopplng ^n~bit, W\d especially to tae a®ur'billl sho;>keepera and Hilson people who answered q~estionn.11irc11 to l'ir 1. ~airn ~d ~r P. Crawford oI the Palmerston North City CowtCil Tovn Planning Department. Hr O.M. 'lilson of ttc ~.lty n~ineer•s O.lfice, the Transport Department, the

Ministry of \iior.k:-., f>!.i· f ••• Parkinson, Mr

r.• .J .

Coleinan, Hiss L.R. Currie .md the office sita££ o.1' Queen Elizabeth College, Mrs W.A. Currie, and ray s~per~isor~, :~ ~.r.i. Saunders and Mr R.G. Heerdeg~n of the

Dep•rtir.ent 01· Geography ₁ ~usey University. ~lso to r.~.•. nnd

J . s . w .

Ior enthusiastic cnlculations, to D.B.V. for "undue cr1tici1•" and to

T.N.~. for not compl.:Lining.

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PREFACE CHAPTER I

com

IOPPIVG AND SERVICE FACILITIES I PALMERSTON NORTH

tntrcxhlcti - - - 1

Classificati - - - 1

History - - - 6

Geography - - - 12

Aasociati ol t tiona - - - 15

Swuiary - - ~ - ~ ~ ~ • - - - - - - - - - 23

CHAPTER II UBUR SHOPPING CENTRES a SOME GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS Classification - - - 26

Location - - - 2d catch:i:nents - - - 30

eus

^{to:ners -} ^- ^- ^- ^- ^{- -} - - - 39

Summary - - - - - - i.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42

CHAPTER I I I - .:)

rau

^BAN SHOPPING CENTRES. SOHI: PLA.NllBG ASPECTS Tr&lfic - ~ - - - 44

Parking- - - 45

Servic lar.es - - - 50

Safety - - - 52

Pedestrian ls - - - 53

Planni - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56

Layou.t - - - 57

Exter·nal l ut - - - 57

Internal layo t - - - 60

Or-der o 60 Grouping oi E il i • - - - 63

S\llmlAl"y - ~ - ~ ~ - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - 66

CHAPTER IV - HOPPI G C TR£ a MISCELLABEOU

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Appear ll\liaances 0Wnenhi9

JNildin • _~

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^- ^- ^{- -} - ^- ^- ^- ^- ^{- -} ^{- -} ^- ^-

I>eli vttry .. .. - .. .. - .. ... - .. - ... - ... - - - ~ - - ..

~y - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ~ ~ - - ~ - - - ~

au.ma v

tUnsr - SettleMDt

The tnopp

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6 6 73 76 77 7

19

79 3

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Population - - - ~ ~ - - - - Shopping patt~l'US - - - - Swnaary - ~ - - - ~ - - - - COlfCLUSlOll - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

APPENDIX A - - - -

APP'":;:;NDI X B - - - - .. - - .. - - - .. - BIBLIOGRAPHY

91 92 101 104 106 108 110

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PI GU RES

1. The &.oc:ation ot Palmerston North

2. ?aliaerston f.oad Patterns ?iorth1 _______________ _ Suburban Shops, Services and

3. ^~volut_(a₎^1~n_Manavatuo£ ~uburban _Street$hopping ~entres

- - - - - - - - - - -

( b) ~wapuni

4. The Location ot ^~i.UNJ-b&n Shoppil'JQ' Centres

3 20

29 5. City L&tct.:ncnts ol ~ight ~uburban Shopping Centres_ _ _ 32 6. Relationshi;> 0£ Major £lW>urban Shopping c;entre

r \tch~ient$ aad Main Road Patternsc an Example_ _ _ _ _ 33 7. Typical ';atc:1.i:ents ol Individual Business Typc5'

in iajor bu.?Nrban Shopping Centres _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37

9.

1 J.

Layo\lt 0£ Suburl>an Shopping Centres (a) w•tu ~treet

(b) 11.~apuni

Layout of ub-;J.rba.n Shopping Centres (a) aighbury

( b) i<;~OWhi tu

- ^- - ^- - - - - - - - -

JO:ilsont Laud Lsf: __

- - - - - - - - - - - - ^- - - - - - -

4f:

47

11 • L•yol.lt oi .~dsor. ., lopping Centre_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87

Sources:

1. Sa\.lJlders, B.G.R., and ~nderson, A.G., 1964

~. 4, 5, 6, 'i, ~a, Jb, 9a, Jb, 10 and 11. Base mApa a~pplied by the Town Planning Jcpartrr.ent, Palmerston Horth City Council.

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I.

TABLES

Classi!ic -ion o! Jubarban ~hopping Gro~ps in

Palr.: N>ton ortb - - - - - - - - - 2 II. t{oada, .. x..u.tic Volumes and functions, 196d - - - - - - - 13 III. .O:ange oi F\UlCtiom in ~uburb.:m Shopping Ce11tre1 - - - 15

IV.

v .

VI.

VII.

VIII.

Associatio:i 0£ Subt.U"ban FWlCtions

Associaticn o! Sub\U'ban Fwi.ct1ons1

SUJnl".\~ry of ·rable IV - - - - - -

Assocl. -:.1 .... .1u oi ou.bwban Functions s

Ge~ ' l D..l. \i.":..:nary - - - - -

A Clannillcltion 0£ Sub~rban Shopping Centres - - - -

Relationsnip or Pop\llation and Nwaber oi Shops

vit: ... u uhurban Shopping Centre Catch11enu - - - - -

16

18

18 27

36

IX. Nuis'l..tl.C~s ~n .-1.lburban ho?pin;J Centics

(a, l:..1 1.opping Centre - - - 6~

J{. lluisancc..s in 1u.burb&n :,hopping Centres

(b) oy unction - - - ⁶⁹

Xl. Owner& .. i ... . ih~ : •. ploy11ent in Suburban ~iioppirq

Centres - - - 74

XII. Ownership :md E plo,.ent in Suburban fl\lsineases - - - - 75

XIlI. Hilnon: ^~pl^cPopulation 92

XIV. ~O\.lr"CC!> o.f \.tooda and Service1 for Hilton Ho\lSehold.a 93

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PLATES

1. Pioneer hignw~, a. special shopping centre _____ • _ _ 5 2. A small !Jf'O\l.l> ol sh.ops in l\\&saell Street _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 3. BlaclcVell's Food.market, a typical d~iry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

8 4. Hanawatu ... t~e"t.t a m.inor shopping centre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ₂₁ 5. Takaro, a ~jor shopping centre - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 6. Hignbury, a major• planned shopping centre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 7. Hckowhi tu, a r ·'tjor shopping centre_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54

d. Awapwn, :.. . ...-'l.JOr shopping centre - - - 55

9. College 1.;ourt., part of the Awapuni major shopping

cent~~ ~ _ __ ^~___ - ^~___ _

10. The chilQ.ren•s playgroW'ld adjacent to the HighblATy

shor;iiui.• ccn.1.re _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 11. The Airpo1t are , Milson _________________ 61

1~. The Railw~y ~~a, Milson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 1 3. The ^Fa.irt~..u·ea, Milson_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cl-4 14.

Mils • a ~in.or shopping centre ₈₈

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Feilding e

PALME RS TON NOR TH

~ ^lo;1d ^obo,,e ^1000'

0 10 20

FIG. 1 LOCATION OF PALMERSTON NOR TH