PORT WAKEFIELD

(1)

District Council of

PORT WAKEFIELD

(Part)

HERITAGE SURVEY OF THE LOWER NORTH

Y Department of Environment and Planning \

(2)

HERITAGE INVESTIGATIONS

HERI TAGE SURVEY OF THE LOWER NORTH

(REGION 8 - SOUTH AUSTRALIA)

PART TWO

13. D.C. PORT WAKEFI ELD

ITEM I D ENTIFICA TION SHEETS

Prepared for the Heritage Conservation Branch of the Department of Environment and Planning by John Dallwitz and Susan Marsden of Heritage Investigations, assisted by Penny Baker, Pam Carlton and Paul Stark.

Adelaide, 1983.

Funded by the South Australian Heritage Committee and the Australian Heritage Commission (National Estate Programme, 1981/2).

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HERITAGE SURVEY

ITEM IDENTIFICATION SHEET

South Australian Heri tage Act

1978-80 ^I^TEM ^NAME: Brick lined well and tank Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

This was a watering spot for teams hauling ore along the gulf route from Burra to Port Wakefield. This was located near the "Two Mile" Rest House two miles from the end of the road. (See separate sheet - Rest house ruin) .

A depression in the ground fenced on either side marks the track from the "Two Mile" and the main road to this well, which provided a reliable water supply on the dry coastal plain. The well l ies in the bed of the River Wakefield.

The well and tank also served most of the Inkerman district during dry years.

REFERENCES

Moyle, The Wakefield . . . . ,

Verbal Ted Korreng, 1982 Archival otographs

p.l77

PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 295 Direction of view to N

Negative No. ⁷

PROJECT

HERITAGE SURVEY REGION 8 Item Ref. No. 2

Office Use ITEM No. DOCKET No.

LOCATION Address Town Postcode Section Hundred County

2115 Inkerman

L.G.A. Pt. Wakefield S.U.P. Region 8

A.M.G. Ref. 6529-IV 54 23930 621560

SUBJECT 4.9

PERIOD State

Study Area 1837-54

TYPE OF ITEM

LAND Natural feature Historical site Historical Gdn.

BUILDING STRUCTURE

PHYSICAL CONDITION Fair

STATUS

D D D D

OCl

Reg. of State IIer. Items Reg.

0

^Interim^I..

D

Nominated

D

National Estate

Reg.

D

^Proposed^L

0

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

CJ

^F^{i l e D}

Other

LocalO BY

HERITAGE INVESTIGATIONS 1982

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South Australian Heritage Act

1978-80

HERITAGE SURVEY

ITEM NAME: "Two Mile" rest house ruin Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

The "Two Mile" was a horse changing station and Inn - the

first stop from Port Wakefield on the copper route or

"Gulf Road" to Burra. Only a few piles of limestone rubble

and an aged peppercorn tree remain at the site. Over the main road to the north, an eroded depression leads to a well on the River Wakefield where the bullocks were watered.

(See separate sheet - Brick lined well) .

REFERENCES

Moyle, The Wakefield .. .. , p.l77

Verbal Ted Korreng, 1982 Archival photographs

PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 295 Negative No. 6 Direction of view to w

\ \ I

PROJECT

HERITAGE SURVEY REGION 8 Item Ref. No.3

Office Use ITEM No.

DOCKET No.

LOCATION Address Town Postcode Section Hundred

2123 Inkerman County

L.G.A. Pt. Wakefield S.II.P. Region 8

A.M.G. Ref. 6529-IV 54 23930 621520

SUBJECT 4.6 4.7

PERIOD State Study Area 1837-54

TYPE OF ITEM

LAND Natural feature

c:J

Historical site

c:J

Historical Gdn.

c:J

BUILDING ~

STRUCTURE

c:J

PHYSICAL CONDITION Ruin of archaeological interest

STATUS

Reg. of State ller. Items Reg.

D

^Interim^I.

c:J

Nominated

0

National Estate

Reg.

D

^Proposed^I.

D

National Trust

CL

D

^RL ^(:]^FileD

LocalD INVESTIGATIONS 1982

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HERITAGE SURVEY

South Australian lleritage Act

1.978-80

ITEM NAME: "Pareora" Woolshed and Shearers' Former or other Quarters

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

These buildings are part of the extensive Pareora Station (see separate sheet) . The galvanised iron woolshed is a good example of its kind. Structurally i t appears virtually original, with interesting early fittings and equipment. The woolshed possibly dates from the 1860s.

The stone and brick shearers' quarters would appear to date from the late 1880s.

REFERENCES

Moyle, The Wakefield . . .. , pp 177-8

V~rbal

Archival photographs Donovan, Port Wakefield .19 PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 295 Negative No. 9 Direction of view to N

PROJECT

HERITAGE SURVEY REGION 8

I tern Ref. No. 4 Office Use ITEM No. DOCKET No. LOCATION Address Town Postcode Section Hundred County

2105 Goyder

L.G.A. Pt. Wakefield S.H.P. Region 8

A.M.G. Ref. 6529-IV 54 23980 621680

SUBJECT 4.1

PERIOD State

Study Area 1869-84

TYPE OF ITEM

c:J

Historical site

c:J

Historical Gdn.

D

BUILDING

[}0

STRUCTURE

c:J

PHYSICAL CONDITION

STATUS

Reg. of State Her. Items Reg. O Interim L

D

Nominated

D

National Estate

Reg.

D

^Proposed^L

c:J

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

0

^FileD

Other

INVESTIGATIONS

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HERITAGE SURVEY

South /\ustralian Heritage Act

1978-80 ITEM NAME: "Pareora" Homestead Complex Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

The Pareora Run was originally taken up by John and Edmund Bowman under occupat ion license during the 1840s, as part of their huge holdings.

The homestead was built during Edmund Bowman's ownership of the land (he bought the area later) , so that the house must have been built before 1865, when it was sold to Samuel Sleep. At least part of the substantial house may date from the 1850s.

"Pareora" during the era of ore-carting from Burra to Port Wakefield, was known as the "2 mile" as it was that distance from the end of the gulf road (see Rest House ruin - see separate sheet) .

REFERENCES

Moyle, The Wakefield ... , pp 177, 178; Donovan, Port Wakefield and District, p.l3; Balaklava ... , p.l3

Verbal Don Beare, 1981 Archival photographs PHOTOGRAPH

Direction of view to

w

5: ~· . . : .... :...-:

: ... · ^....

Film No. 282 Negative No. ₈

PROJECT

Office Use ITEM No.

DOCKET No. LOCATION

Address Port Wakefield Town

Postcode Section Hundred County

(vicinity)

2114 Inkerman

L.G.A. Pt. Wakefield

S.H.P. Region 8 A.M.G. Ref. 6529-IV 54 24000 621630 SUBJECT

2.2

PERIOD State Study Area 1837-54 TYPE OF ITEM

LAND Natural feature Historical site Historical Gdn. BUILDING

STRUCTURE

PHYSICAL CONDITION Very Good

STATUS

D D

D [!]

D

Reg. of State ller. Items Reg.O InterimLD Nominated

D

National Estate

Reg.

D

Proposed L

D

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

0

^Fi^l^e^D

RECOMMENDATION

LocalO INVESTIGATIONS 1982

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South Austral

ian

Heritage Act

1978-80

HERITAGE SURVEY ITEM IDENTIFICATION

ITEM

NAME:

Red Gum tree

Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

SHEET

This

large tree is a relic of one o

f the extensive

floods of the River Wakefield, which periodically inundates wide- spread areas of the surrounding low-l ying country

.

The tree was seeded

dur

ing a

flood in

1889, and indicates the extent of

th

e floodwaters.

REFERENCES

Verbal Ted Korreng, 1982 Archival phot og

raphs

PHOTOGRAPH

D

ir

ect

ion

o

f

view

Film N

o.

295 to N

Negative No

.

11

PROJECT

HERITAGE SURVEY REGION

8

Item

Ref

. No.

10

Office Use ITEM No.

DOCKET No

.

LOCATION Add

r

ess Town Postcode Section Hundred County

71

Inkerman L.

G.A.

Pt

.

Wakefield S.H.P.

Region

8

A.M.G. Ref. 6529

-

I 54 24720 621600

SUBJECT

1.5

TYPE OF ITEH

LAND Natural

fea

ture

CJU

Historical site D

H

i

s

t

orical Gdn. c:J

BUILDING c:J

STRUCTURE c:J

PHYSICAL CONDITION

STATUS

Reg. of State lle r. Items Reg. D Inter. im

^I..

D

Nomina

t

ed D

National Estate

Reg

.

D Proposed

^L

D

Nat

i

onal Tr

ust

CL 0 RL 0 FileD

Other

RECOMMENDATI ON

(A) StateD (B) Local

!j]

PREPARED BY

H

ERITAGE INVESTIGATIONS

Date: 1982

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South Australian lleritage Act 1978-80

HERITAGE SURVEY ITEM IDENTIFICATION

ITEM NAME: Railway houses Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

SHEET

Bowmans is one of several small centres in this district (such as Inkerman and Nantawarra) which developed to serve farming families in the vicinity and which received a boost from the railway. (See also Bowmans Railway Station -

separate sheet) .

The railway cottages, which form a substantial and attractive group, are the major part of the township. They probably date from the time Bowmans became the junction of the Port Wakefield - Blyth railway and the new broad gauge Salisbury - Snowtown line (1923), and as a group are a significant example of their type.

REFERENCES

Donovan, Port Wakefield and District, p.40; Moyle, The Wakefield ... , p.l77

Verbal

Archival photographs

PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 282 Negative No. 6 Direction of view to NW

PROJECT

LOCATION Address

Town Bowmans Postcode

Section

Hundred Inkerman County

L .G .A. Pt. Wakefield S.H.P. Region 8 A.M.G. Ref. 6529-I 54 24740 621680

SUBJECT

2.2

PERIOD State

Study Area 1905-28

TYPE OF ITEM

LAND Natural feature Historical site Historical Gdn. BUILDING

STRUCTURE

PHYSICAL CONDITION

STATUS

D D D D

[KJ

Reg. of State Iler. Items Reg.

D

^In^terim^I..

D

Nominated

0

National Estate

Reg.

D

^Proposed^L

D

National Trust

CL

0

^{RL [:]}^Fi^l^e^D

RECOMMENDATION

Local

DO

INVESTIGATIONS 1982

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HERITAGE SURVEY

South Australian Heritage Act

l978-80

ITEM NAME: Bowmans Railway Station Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

Bowrnans, like other townships in the region, owes its exist- ence largely to the railway. Bowmans (formerly North

Inkerman) developed as an important railway siding on the Balaklava to Port Wakefield line.

The Railway Station and refreshment rooms were added when Bowrnans' status was enhanced in 1923 as the junction of the old line with the new broad-gauge line from Salisbury to Snowtown. It has remained very much in original condition and is an excellent example of its construction type.

REFERENCES

Donovan, Port Wakefield and District, p.40;

Moyle, The Wakefield ... , pp 176-177

Verbal

Archival photographs PHOTOGRAPH

Direction of view

Film No. 282 to N

Negative No. 5

PROJECT

Office Use ITEt-1 No.

DOCKET No. LOCATION Address

Town Bowrnans Postcode

Section

Hundred Inkerman County

L.G.A. Pt. Wakefield S.H.P. Region 8 A.M.G. Ref. 6529-I 54 24750 621650

SUBJECT 4.7

TYPE OF ITEM

c:J

Historical site

c:J

Historical Gdn.

0 BUILDING ~

STRUCTURE

c:J

STATUS

Reg. of State Her. Items Reg.

D

^Inter.im^I..

c:J

Nominated

D

National Estate

Reg .

D

^Proposed^I..

D

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

0

^FileD

Other

RECOMMENDATION

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PREPARED BY

HERITAGE INVESTIGATIONS Date: 1982

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South Australian Heritage Act 1978-80

HERITAGE SURVEY

ITEM NAME: Proof Range

Former or other Proof and Experimental Establishment

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

During the 1920s the Australian Defence Department sought to test stocks of ammunition from the First World War, and

that which was produced at the munitions factory in Victoria.

In 1926 this site was selected for conducting proof firings.

Six hundred acres were bought by the Commonwealth Government and a range was established, the site being suitably flat, coastal and with a large expanse of sand exposed at low tide.

There are few ranges of this type in the world.

The first rounds were fired in 1928 (using a testing gun

Office Use ITEM No.

DOCKET No.

LOCATION Address Town Postcode

Sections 105,108,439 Hundred Inkerman County

A.M.G. Ref. 6529-IV 54 24050 620590

captured in France during the war) . Activity increased mark4---~

edly during the Second World War and the Range was permanent- ly staffed by the Army. It became the main range for the proving of munitions manufactured in Australia.

SUBJECT 3.4 The establishment of the Range (using local maintenancestaff , then its upgrading boosted Port Wakefield's economy, and on many occasions the resources of the Range have been used by the residents of the town.

A range museum houses many items of interest. Two 1886 English guns are displayed near the entrance to the Range.

REFERENCES

Donovan, Port Wakefield and District, pp 51-53;

Moyle, The Wakefield . . .. , pp 190-191

(There is also a history of the Range compiled by Maj. P.

Burns)

Verbal

Archival photographs Donovan (ref. above) , pp 52, 53.

PHOTOGRAPH

.

...t::'

PERIOD State Study Area 1929-present

TYPE OF ITEM

c:J

Historical site

C[J

Historical Gdn.

c:J

BUILDING

Ul)

STRUCTURE

C[J

PHYSICAL CONDITION

STATUS

Reg. of State Her. Items Reg.O Interim L

D

Nominated

0

National Estate

Reg.

D

^Proposed^L

D

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

0

FileD Other

RECOMMENDATION

(A) StateD[] (B) Loca l O PREPARED BY

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HERITAGE SURVEY

South Australian lleritage Act

l978-80

ITEM NAME: Former Malakhoff School Former or other

IIERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

Malakhoff School was one of a large number of tiny rural public schools whose fortunes wavered according to the n of pupils availabl e locally. The school opened in 1892, closed briefly several t imes and finally in 1944, when its pupils numbered 7.

REFERENCES

Donovan, Port Wakefield and District, p.40

Verbal

PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 282 Negative No. 9 Direction of view to

sw

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...• .!! : .... : ., : :~· ':' •• : ~-•

.

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.... .

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P.KUuJ.:.L'l'

LOCATION Address

Town Inkerman (vicinity) Postcode

Section 432 Hundred Inkerman County

L.G.A. Pt. Wakefield S.H.P. Region 8 A.M.G. Ref. 6529-IV 54 24450 620900 SUBJECT

2.6

PERIOD State Study Area 1885-1904 TYPE OF ITEr-1

c:J

Historical site

0

Historical Gdn.

c:J

BUILDING

C[J

STRUCTURE

c:J

PHYSICAL CONDITION Fair, disused

STATUS

Reg. of State Her. Items Reg.

D

Interim L

0

Nominated

D

National Estate

Reg .

D

Proposed L

D

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

0

^FileD

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HERITAGE SURVEY

South Aus

tralian

Heri

tage

Ac

t

1978-80

ITEM NAME:

Farm Ruin Former or other

HERITAGE

SIGNIFICANCE

These

ruined buildings form an

interesting

complex, illustrating the extensive use of lime stone in the vernacular construction of the area.

The underground cool room and

large

barrel vaulted bread oven are of parti cul

ar

interest

.

REFERENCES

Verbal Ted Korreng

,

1982 Archival photographs

PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 295 Direction of view to s

Negative No

.

12

.1:'1-{U..Jt.l-'l'

HERITAGE SURVEY REGION 8 Item

Ref.

No. 16

Office Use ITEM No.

DOCKET No.

LOCATION A

d

dress Town Postcode

Section 371 Hundred

Inkerman

County

A

.

M.G. Ref. 6529

-

IV 54 24520 620830

SUBJECT 2.2 4.1

PERIOD

State

Study Area 1869- 84

TYPE OF ITEM

LAND Natural feature c:J

Historical si

t

e D

H

istorical Gdn.

c:J

BUILDING (]U

STRUCTURE

c:J

PHYSICAL CONDITION Ruined

STATUS

Reg. of State Iler. Items Reg. D

^In

ter.im

^L

c:J

Nominated D

Nat

i

onal Estate

Reg . D Proposed

^L

D

National Trust

CL D RL [:] FileD

RECOMMENDAT

IO

N State

c:J (B)

Local

BY

INVESTIGATIONS

1982

(13)

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HERITAGE SURVEY

South Australian Heritage Act 1978-80

ITEM NAME: Inkerman Uniting Church Former or other

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

Inkerman is one of a number of small townships which barely grew beyond church and school, which provided the social focus for surrounding farming families.

The Inkerman Church was built in 1885.

REFERENCES

Donovan, Port Wakefield and District, p.40

Verbal

PHOTOGRAPH Film No. 282 Negative No. 10 Direction of view to sw

l:'t<Uv tA.T

LOCATION Address

Town Inkerman Postcode

Section 401 Hundred Inkerman County

A.M.G. Ref. 6529-III 54 24550 620360

SUBJECT 2.5

TYPE OF ITEM

c:J

Historical site

D

Historical Gdn.

0

BUILDING

(]g

STRUCTURE

c:J

STATUS

Reg. of State Iler. Items Reg.

D

^{Interim L}

D

Nominated

D

National Estate

Reg .

D

^Proposed^L.

D

National Trust

CL

D

^RL

0

^File^D

Other

RECOMMENDATION

(A) Statec:J (B) Local[]Q PREPARED BY