Social Relations in a Northland Maori Community

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SOCIAT REIATIONS IN A ^NORTHI,AND

IUAORI COMMUNITY

Thesi-s presented

for

^the

Degree

of

Doctor

of

^Philosophy

in

the

Unj-vers

ity of

Auckland

1 967

Departnent of

A

nthropolory

^{Annada Charan lhagabati}

j

00rsErrs

oEl!!!m,

I

T8,Ef,AOE

Irs,ouoll0x Sc

hobleu

Itclll ?orl

lEE ITOnI

IT

IO8lHI{TD

lrrall.tlonrl

Soottty rnd

Soohl

0bange

DrrotrelDlo Ortlt.n.

lhr

nnral

laort

Oontatty

ln

Xortbland Bural

htgrrttoa

CETPIT

rI

oxA!':m,

rrr lEr g8!!IIe

locetlon anil Oonrnloatlon

OETP!8 IY

Etttlenrnt Prttrra 8lrtor{.orl

Octl:tnr lEE ITOBI

IT r[E

^8ETIIIO

lnor6rno.

of r Ieorl BcrLicntld Oounlty loorltttr of

Odgttl Eoohl. Deotgroun0

(r)

Elnrhtp

(b)

IEt

^and ErrE Bdusatlond Erotgrtnu0

Bcllelmr l,ffttl,at

lsnr

Ilgrrtlon

end Oosutntloarl leolgronnd,

ElosrrDbtoal

rotcr

Pegr

1-19

1

1'

2A-r6

20

2'

27

,, J7-51 ,T

+o

1'

5g-m

,?

51 6+

6+

6+

58 69 70

7'

cf,^3,!ra, Y

OEAP|IEB, VI

OHADIM, WI

ourmra,

vrrr

lCI8fr tEE B,fglg Ol IEE

coutmrr

Ooorpattons

thr

Frcctlng f,orkr

(a) thr Industrlrl

Orgenkettou

(b)

Dornttoqf Brrldsnte

uO

0omrtGr!

(o)

rnoonr

(a) soohl Brletton!

at thg

lorkr

tm

^HoU8D80ID

fhc P\yrtoal

Srttlng Ibnogrenhlo

Strlotrrc

Aoorcttona

to

^Eouseboldr

Ilrr

Dallry Boutlas

Eouaohol0 leuagcnnt Eourchold Brlattonr

rIr8trl

Adoptlon

Irtre-looal

f,ln

ftnebtp

and lllgratlon Pettcrnr

of

looa1 ElnablB

Verlrtl.onr

tn

Tln Belrtlonrblpr

flp6trouDr

at !r

0ro

ktcadtd f,larblp lhr

!88

Il0BIg

^AS .r

oorHnrlf (r)

Sono

Oulfirrrl

ArDcota of

tbr Couralty

(a)

_Ethnto Dletlnotlon

(b) freilttonrl lrtel

Oraftr

^and

hrlo

Pagr

El-1 | 6 81 8?

8T 94

n

99

| 1?-159 119 122 127

1r1 1ra

149 150-201 162 155 1?1

1T'

179 1E8 197

202-211

20,

205 207

OEATd IT

(s) thc Irlnrtenoc of

Iaort

langaegr

(d)

Oustorer3r

Erl'1rfr

ead

trdttlona

fnferrd

ComntQr

Bdrttonr (e)

3oo1rl

lrerrnofr

(b)

rclglbqrhood Rcl'att'onr Sonr

Inrtlhrtlone.l Aotlvlthrr

@.,

^{rt0d1ng aDA !r'lld.}

"sE

IrG,Ig

r,6

a omrtlr (u)

Sr Gnltrral loot of th.

Counlty

Sc

^P1aor

of Brllglon

Etcnorl lrotorr of

Oornnlty

lfDr Or6en!,ratlonrl

lrmrorte of thr leorl 0onnltU

(a) fta lrlbrt

Genl,ttrc

(b)

_,!b.

Ilorl lorcatr

fal.?uc

Doa$c

(c) *:"f i":stH

(i) thr !o

Ore Eon

lfrllr

Eradcah:lp lhrong[

Ioerrl

Orgrnlretionr

(e) lbr f[crttrlf

(b) @sllty

rsn Goatrnt of

IhSr

209

21,

22,O

220 222

211

21r-tl8

2+'

2+9

2n

zrg zrg

257 270

2T'

27|r a?8

trerderrblD

^zEe

lnthortty

en{ Seolel

Coatrsl

²⁹⁴

Oontnlty Bffortr

lroag

llrr

Ertcranl Agruchr

rn[

tDr

Iaorl Oonulty

,OT

(a)

_flro

Dcprrtrrat

of

I8orl, lffalrr

tOE

(b) tbc lorer of htrrrrl

Ogl.nlon ,1,

_)

PrIr

IEE IAonIg

il !E

^TIDEB

ommfr ,194E,

oElE[n,

r

ffiTl|t,IN,

II

lhr Pehbu rt !r

^ODo

Pcrroaal

Brlrtloathlpr

(e) Infonrl

Eoolal 0ontrott

and FH.endlhtP

(b) Intrrna,rlaF

Rclatlonrblpr 1n tbc lornrX.

Oontutr

(a) fork

(b)

Drralanrr Bclattoub1pr

(o)

_{Otbrr Eeror} of, Eoolal

Belrtil, oltt

(d)

Ethnlo-ourtural

Idcntlfioatlou tn

Folna1 Bolettonr

(c) IrJorlty

^end

ErorltY

Dlmnatronr

ln 8oolrl

Bclettont

oof,olugIor rPPEIDIT EISITOCB.IIEI

,20

,2'

,26

t-

,,,

i

,,7 ,,8

,1'

,+9

,r1

,6'

t84-,+09

(r)-(rr) (r)-(rv)

--gQgr..r-.r

rABrES

pett

1

I.rngthc

of

Rcsldcnce end

bployrrat

of

l,trort Hourchold Hcrdr

et

8o

Oro

_,1

2

Populetlon end Begldentlrl 0rorth

of fc Oro

_i9

,

f8o-Scr

Dlrtrlbutlong

l,leorl

Houroholdr

60

4

^Areea

of

0rlgln

I

Adulta

ln

the l{eorl

Hougoholdg

61

5 Loerltler of orlgln of

f,orthrend lleorls

rt !c

Oro on Gounty

Brelr

62

6

Rcletlvc Dlatanoc of, Entgmnt

Iroorlttlcr

(f,orthlend)

fron tc 0ro

_6,

T lrlbrl

^Aff

llletlong I

lrlrort Hourchold

Hredr rnd

Ulver

Od

I

Rcllgtonr

Afflllettonr of

l.trort

Houachold

Hcedr

?O

9

Agc-rtnreturf

of f,tort

tlouschotd

Hrrdr

?1

10

Oosuprtlonr

of

ltrougchold llceda et

te 0ro (tuty 196r)

^g,

1

1 f,ulbrrs of

Pelehe end

lleorl Blproyfrr

rn the Four Occuprtlonel Orrdcs

ln

tbc

Preczlng Uorks

(195r)

_9l

12

Inoone Conpulson

of tc

^Oro Hrorl

Hourchold Hcrdr (19e2-6rl

utth f,etlontl

Prrccntegot

of

l{eorl rnd

ron-lltorl

Household Herdr

(1956)

^ge

1,

Conperlron by Pcrcentrgcr

of thr

Elrc

of !c

0ro l,leorl Hougcholdr (n-l2l ₎

ulth rll-trcy

Srelrnd f,on-lhorl ^rnd

lleorl Houreholde

1Zt

1+

It

Qorgorltlon

et !l

Oro

troln

Eourboldr

fln Aocrltloar tn !r

Oro

f,rorl

Eoutrholdr

Brlrtloarhllrr of Arlsptttt/tostrr hnntr to Ghlldnn

^t

trlrn

la

I

_by

ud tglru

^out

I frol !r

^O$g

ltrort

Houmhsldr

Dirtrabutton

of

0rorn _Wr

Ghlldrlll

!r

^Oro

f,mrt

Eonroboldr

---gQg*-

Pr;r

,

,

]26

l8C:.,,

16

1T

-l 1, ^L' a'.'.

1

2

,

+

TICUBEE

Iorthlend

&wtng

T trorthrra Oountttr Dooettoa

of !r

Oro

tn Brlrtlon to

Eolr Bnral Xeorl. Ocntrcr

(cr

XndLortrlt by

t'hc

Dlrtrltnrtlon sf l$rug-hrtlng

Eourcr) anA

lora

Oentrcr

!c

0ro ^{(.ruly 1965)}

lgr

^and

8rr

Dlrtrd,button

(fet Ieorl

Eourcbol.b) 196,

Prlche anil

leorl

Bnploy.cr

la

Dlffcront Cetrgorlor

of

ilobr

ln

^tlne

lrocrlng f,orlr

(1e6r)

An

g'rDlc of Inter-relatlonrhtpr at !c

0ro

lnotlrrr

ErenDh

of

lreoreblo

Iltnlr

Bctrcrn turrcholOa looetod

gt !l

^Oro

f,la-ltntsr ln r trltrr1

Ald Oroup

Eln_lt''h ln

a *\rnd_r.algr_t

Ooutttm

Dol1or1ne

Drt

20

E8

1T'

1T'

190 19+

'E,9

50

I

9

PREFACE

ths

roscarch on uhloh

thlr tbralr tr

brscd

ytr

undcrteken rnd the

tnltlel dreft of thc thcrlr

conploted vhcn

I ylr r

^Ph, D. rtudcnt

ta thr

Daprrtncut

of

Anthropoloty; Unlveratty

of

Aucklrad, f,ru Zrrlend bctuccn

llry

1962 and Fcbnrery

1965. Ihr flnel

subntrglon

of thc thcrlg hle

bcsn aorcuhrt deltycd by

!y rcturn to Iadle ln

Fobrr.rary

1965. Gcrtrln

ohrngct

nuet heve

trha

^pleec

ln thc ovorrll lleort slturtten

rnd

ln thc

ooDEunlty dcgcrtbcd

ln thtr

rtudy durlng

tho

lert

^tuo

y.rn.

But

ln thc folloylng

chrptcrr _r

thc neteriel 1;

^prarcnted

relnly tn the

^I othnogrrpbto prcscnt _tcnlo

t. fhc nlre of tbc

_{Gotnunlty rnd}

tht

nlDG!

of pononr

_dcacrlbcd

ln tblg therlr

hrve bmn ohrngcd

to

^prororyr

thstr

srronynlty.

I

^hed

tbc

opportunlty

of dlrcutrlng !y mtcrlrl vlth ths

Auollrnd

rnthropologlrtr ln r totel of thnr

asrlnur

^(tuo

of

thcee durlng

thc

courss

of thc fbld

uorh) enil

thclr crlttclars

rnd luggGrtlonr hevc hrlprd

DG

l grcrt

dcel.

I

ovr a dccp aonac

of gntltudo to ry

thoslr superylsor Dr Ralph Plddlngton,

Profolror

of

Anthroporogy

et

thc unlveratty

of

Auarlrnd,

for htr

toechlDttr _6uldencc

ln fleld yorr,

suporvtrton ln

vrltlng

the

retcrlel

rnd

for hlr

tolcrent

undcratendtng

of

^EJr neny probleua rnd

dlfflcuLtler.

I lr

lndrbtcd

to

Dr Enrcc Elggr rnd Dr Rrrph Bulmr

of

tho Anthropology Depertncnt, luoLlrn0 Uatvcrrltyr

for thclr

krcn and constant

lntcnat ln !y uorl. I lr rlro

lndcbted

to

Dr Joen t'lctgo

for

hcr

uerful

rdvlet ,throughout

ry

^pcrlod

of

regerrch

tn f,ry

iorrend.

Irly tbenkg are duc

to

Dr llurrey orover end

Dr Jcreny Boorett

for thclr

ruggcrtloarr Hr pctcr

Ruuerr for blr

Drny

actr of

Go-opcretton rbd hrrp,

llr

Hethcu lrHeu

for

lntroduclng

lo to

tbc pcoplc tn

thc fleld

on

ry flrat vlclt

^end Hr

Eur prtrre for

proprrtng

ths flgurer.

r

eeknovrcdgc

vith thrnkr tbc

hcrp

fror

rrny

offtclrlr

of,

thc

Depertnoat

of lteorl Affrlrr.

r

thenr tho

unlvcratty Gnntr conlttco

of

Xar Serlrnd

for offcrlng

DG

I

@rnonutrl.th geholurhlp

end

reltng lt porslblc for

Dc

to uadcrtrrr thlr

^yort

ln

f,cu Zeeland.

In

Oeuhrti, Indtnr

EI

thenkr erc ^duc

to

ry colreegucr

Profs;ror

ll.

c.0orrul ,

^Dr

B.ll.Djl

^nnd

l{n

P.B. Dar

of thr

Depertrent

of

lnthropology, 0eubetl untvcrelty

r

^rnd

to llr

H.il.

Drttar

Dr ll. trhor,

Dr

tl'S.Prrbhrler

_rnd

l{r J.f,.Srrrtl for btlplng lr

ln

nny ulys ln thc flnrl proprntlon of thr

thrgla.

r

thanL

llr

B.E,trrth

for

typlng tho

rlnurcrlpt. It

1r

ncrdlerr to

rdd

thet I l! rlonc fully

nrrponrtble

for all

tha Ylcug crprGreed end

for thr

shsrtoortngr

thlr thorlr rlght

^poEBrsE.

lbovo

rll r I el

^{deoply lndcbtod}

to thr

^pcoph

tn thr flcl,d.

Ulthout

thelr

Go-opGretlon rnd

ulrltngnGsr

to rcedlly

eccept

la lnquleltlvc

etrrngm enongrt thsnr

lt

uould hevc brcn

trpotrtblc for lo

ts

corplete

thlr uork. It ts

^lndecd

lronlcrl tbrt rftrr

rnJoylng

thalr uer!

frlendahlp rnd

borpttrllty for

onG

ycer, f

^eD unrblo

to rcntlon rnt

^one

of tbrr

^by

nr!f. I feol thrt

_ryr reapcet rnd

gntttudc fsr thu 1r

rhovn

bottcr

by Brorcl{rlng

tholr

rnonlrnttt.

Dcpertrcnt

of

Aathropology r

0euhetl Unlvarslty, Aseel,

fndlr.

2,

itrenuuy ¹⁹⁶⁷

Annrdr Chrrm

Bhqrbrtl