Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Suresh Palapati - Presenter,
Department of Computing, Electrical and Applied Technology
Unitec Institute of Technology
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Project outline
• Introduction
• Motivation
• Rationale
• Literature review
• Methodology
• Results
• Conclusion and future
• References
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Introduction
• In recent years, there is great push for Renewable energy, which include but is not limited to
Solar Wind Hydro
Geo-Thermal
• NZ is sitting on 4th place in OECD for Renewable energy in 2017[1].
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
What are renewable energy sources?
• These are resources found in nature that are self-regenerating.
• These sources are normally used to produce clean (or green) energy. This production does not lead to climate change and does not involve emission of pollutants.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
• NZ Renewable energy generation is sitting at 82% in 2017 with Hydro 55% and Geothermal 17% making most of it [1].
• Wind, solar, biogas, Biomass and liquid fuels making the up the remaining .
• Solar generation share is sitting around 1%[1].
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Motivation for renewable sources
• The necessity to avert irreversible climate damage.
• Depletion of non-renewable energy sources(i.e. coal resources).
• For the above reasons Governments around giving great incentives for renewable sources.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Why Solar ?
1. Free source of energy.
2. The abundance of Sun in New Zealand
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Motivation and rationale
1. In the design and study of solar energy, information on solar radiation and Sunshine at a given location is essential for designing and
installing solar systems.
2. Understanding the pattern and relationship will help, with planning, design, cost and efficiency calculations.
3. Helps with the estimation of long-term solar system performances.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Literature overview
The existing research in real-time pricing can be divided into three categories.
1. Related to researchers looking at finding the relationship between sunshine and radiation.
2. Related to estimating solar radiation from sunshine hours or brightness.
3. Related to getting the data from weather stations
.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Literature overview
The existing research in real-time pricing can be divided into three categories.
1. Related to researchers looking at finding the relationship between sunshine and radiation.
2. Related to estimating solar radiation from sunshine hours or brightness.
3. Related to getting the data from weather stations
.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Methodology
Data collection and processing
1. Data is sourced from the NIWA website for 43 weather stations across New Zealand.
2. The data sourced is for 12 months.
3. Sunshine data and radiation data are sourced separately.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Data collection and processing
1. The Data has sunshine and radiation for every hour from 43 weather stations across all regions of New Zealand.
2. Each Sunshine file contains data at about an hour interval for three months.
3. Each Radiation file contains data at about an hour interval for three months.
4. The data is processed to get 12-month data by combining three months of data.
5. The 12-month data for sunshine and radiation data is processed using Tableau to get data for each weather station.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Data analysis using Tableau
1. The 12-month data for sunshine and radiation data is processed using Tableau to get data for each weather station.
• The combined data file is product of Three different data files.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Data collection and processing
The sorted weather data will have
1. Station, weather station from which Radiation data is sourced, there are 43 weather stations.
2. The date on which the radiation data is sourced.
3. Time at which the radiation information is sourced 4. Radiation in MJ/m2
5. Station, weather station from which Sunshine data is sourced, there are 43 weather stations.
6. The date on which the Sunshine data is sourced.
7. Time at which the Sunshine information is sourced.
8. Sunshine amount in hours.
9. Region. New Zealand regional area names for which the data is considered
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
New Zealand regions
Auckland region Taranaki region
Bay of plenty region Wellington region
Waikato region Hawkesbay region
Manawatu region Gisborne region
Northland region Malbrough region
Westcoast region Otago region
Southland region Taranaki region
Auckland region Canterbury region
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Analysis of data: Sunshine and Radiation for 12 months
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Analysis of data: Sunshine and Radiation pattern over 24 hours (Day)
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Analysis of data: Sunshine and radiation per region
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Analysis of data: Sunshine for New Zealand regions over a year
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Analysis of data: Radiation for New Zealand regions over a year
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Analysis of data: Radiation and Sunshine for New Zealand regions 24 hours
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Conclusion
1. A strong correlation between sunshine and Radiation is confirmed.
2. Sunshine and Radiation pattern over 24 hours confirms the normal day pattern.
3. Sunshine and Radiation pattern over 12 months confirms that Sunshine and radiation are more during summer than winter.
4. Hawkes Bay region tops with .2855 hours of sunshine and.6377
MJ/m2 of radiation, and Southland has the least amount of sunshine hours and radiation with .210hours and .536 MJ/m2.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Benefits and challenges
1. This will help with the planning and installation of solar systems.
2. Maximise the returns from using renewable power systems, i.e. Solar.
3. Need more accurate data for accurate forecasting models.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
Future work
1. Larger data samples can be used to further analyse for a more accurate pattern.
2. Further study can be done to develop a forecasting method for sunshine and Radiation.
3. Efficient utilisation model for smart grid.
Study of sunshine and solar radiation relationship and patterns in New Zealand
References
NIWA webiste. www.niwa.co.nz
Suehrcke, H. (2000). On the relationship between duration of sunshine and solar radiation on the earth’s surface: Ångström’s equation
revisited. Solar Energy, 68(5), 417-425.
Driesse, A., & Thevenard, D. (2002). A test of Suehrcke’s sunshine–
radiation relationship using a global data set. Solar Energy, 72(2), 167- 175.
Akpabio, L. E., & Etuk, S. E. (2003). Relationship between global solar radiation and sunshine duration for Onne, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Physics, 27(2), 161-167.
Study of real-time electricity pricing pattern in NZ
References
Iqbal, M. (2012). An introduction to solar radiation. Elsevier.
Black, J. N., Bonython, C. W., & Prescott, J. A. (1954). Solar radiation and the duration of sunshine. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 80(344), 231-235
Ögelman, H., Ecevit, A., & Tasdemiroǧlu, E. (1984). A new method for
estimating solar radiation from bright sunshine data. Solar Energy, 33(6), 619-625
