It is an independent, self-constituted organization of technical workers and others directly interested in the technical aspect of the South African sugar industry. The rapid development of the use of sugar as a raw material must be constantly monitored.
THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL LABORATORY REPORTS
REGARDING THE MILLING TRAINS The average performance of all tandems in recent
Due to the difficulties encountered last season, Umfolozi's improvement has stalled. The degree of mixing is therefore related to the percentage of cells that are opened by the crushing action of the mill units.
REGARDING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE BOILING HOUSE
Rault said: (a) that sugar cane flowering could not be blamed for this season's low sucrose levels. Boyes said the quality of the final sugar and the purity of the final molasses were related.
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURAL DATA FOR THE SUGARCANE CROP, 1955-56
The 1955-56 Census records N:Co.339 as a separate variety for the first time and gave an excellent average yield of 43.9 tonnes of cane per hectare, but the area under this variety was small and most of the crop had a high yielding plant cane. The following table gives the total area and yield per hectare of the major varieties for 1955-56.
YIELDS OF CANE HARVESTED BY DISTRICTS (EUROPEAN PLANTERS ONLY) Compiled from Union Department of Census Returns
YIELD OF cane sugar harvested by districts (EUROPEAN FARMS ONLY) Compiled from Union Department of Census Returns.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATIONS OF SOME NON-SUGARS AND PARTIAL REMOVAL OF ONE IN PARTICULAR-
STARCH
Boyes said he had never been able to reduce the starch content of the syrup at the factory long enough to study the effect on the process. Based on previous tests, they were unable to find any difference in the starch content of sulfitation compared to simple stool.
DETERMINATION OF JUICE STORAGE CELLS BROKEN IN THE MILLING TRAIN
Also, it can be seen from Table I I I A t h a t bagasse fiber content has very little effect on the calculated broken cells. They will appear as variations in the lift of the upper roller, but they can then be adequately compensated for by adjusting n. Usually the default position of the top roller is t h a t where its lift is 30 percent of the total possible lift.
2 The possibility of the fiber moving faster at the peripheral speed of the upper roller has already been demonstrated in Technical Report No. The overall performance of an individual grinder also depends on the placement of the feed opening and the position of the waste plate. If we had based the position of the litter plate on either the top roller being in its lowest position, set, or.
AUTOMATIC CANE CARRIERS
69 carrier until the speed of the blades increases when the lid opens and the carrier crawls forward. By further restoring the speed of the reed knives, the large steam valve opens and the reed carrier now runs normally at full speed again. When the crusher is running at full speed, it is clear that far too much is being delivered to the crusher entrance.
In practice, the carrier crawls 70 percent of the time, provided there is good power supply on the loading side of the carrier. When ordering this slipping clutch from the manufacturers, a condition of the order was that an additional control circuit had to be built in so that the carrier could be controlled fully automatically. Munro asked whether it would not be an improvement to have two carriers, as described, with the levelers on one and the blades on the second or angled part of the carrier.
AUTOMATION IN THE SUGAR INDUSTRY
It follows that any liquid or slurry that can be piped is also metered, subject only to the limitations of the flexible connections. The instruments were all good, but due to the high temperature of the milk of lime and the content of sugar and fine sand, much attention was required for the system that was in contact with the liquid. Between the entry point of the fresh water and the sample branch to the density meter there was a circulation pump which served to mix the two components thoroughly, as well as to effect transfer from the tank receiving heavy lime to the tank storing correctly. lime
The automatic control valve was close to the dilution water inlet point to prevent spurious discharges of water between and hence erratic control. It is necessary to properly size the control valve from the valve d a t a in accordance with the dimensions of the plant and the average rate of lime production. Here he found that the average sugar technician welcomes the use of instruments, but management is not afraid to apply instruments in his factory because of the lack of the right kind of labor to maintain and service the automatic control.
THE PART OIL PLAYS IN INDUSTRY
The increasing desire of the designer to get more from less has caused problems in the design of turbines, especially in those of marine installations. That thereby shortening the useful life of the oil was apparently of no concern. However, it was part of the oil company's job to perform these routine analyses.
Collins said the development of plastics was only made possible by the chemical side of the oil industry. For example, polyethylenes are derivatives of petroleum oil, so plastic bearings could also be considered attributes of the petroleum industry. Neutralization of the surface by treatment with acids, zinc sulfate, etc. is rarely satisfactory.
PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION BY PAINT
The wood near the center of the tree (heart) is less permeable to colored oils than the sapwood and is usually more durable. These groups and the water associated with them increase the electrical conductivity of the film and the electrochemical corrosion current increases. Despite the limited lifespan of color films, in most cases they are the only possible means of protection.
It may not be redundant to point out that each specification establishes a minimum standard, which is likely to be satisfactory to the user of the material. At the same time, the required standard can easily be adjusted up or down by changing the comparison standard. There is no doubt that the effect can be achieved, but the longevity of the film still needs to be properly evaluated.
PRACTICAL PAINTING AND COLOUR IN INDUSTRY
Successful results when painting surfaces depends almost entirely on the condition of the surfaces to which the paint is applied. Another very important function of a primer for ferrous surfaces is the passivation of the surface. The detergent must be applied to the bottom of the work and the process is carried out from bottom to top.
This is to prevent the wood from absorbing the binders from the fillers or plugs used. With the introduction of this modern enamel, the association in the minds of the public for the word. This depends on the development of crystals of the insecticide on the surface of the paint.
SPACE PLANTING OF SUGARCANE SN RELATION TO SOIL MOISTURE
When these results were first recorded, the gain was thought to be in favor of the 3 ft. However, regular inspections are carried out throughout the duration of the experiment and the number of infected feces of each variety is recorded. Red rot is a disease that has proven to be serious in the past, especially in the high altitude areas of the sugar cane belt.
In the case of raton stunted growth, we have no evidence of natural spread of the disease. Thomson is to be congratulated for summarizing the current situation in his paper. This variety would not be discarded in the rest of the industry just because of its behavior in one area.
PLANT NUTRIENT DERIVATION FROM SOIL MINERALS
Potassium occurs in the soil in one or more of the following forms: (a) as a constituent of primary minerals such as feldspar and mica; (b) associated with clay minerals such as exchangeable potassium; (c) within a clay mineral lattice as non-exchangeable potassium; and (d) as water-soluble potassium salts (Wiklander, 1954). The only readily available form of potassium in the soil is that held as soluble potassium. In general, magnesium in the soil follows the behavior of calcium and potassium under similar conditions.
Sodium occurs in exchangeable form in soil, but as it is the most loosely held of the metallic ions, it is easily lost to leachate. Little is known about the occurrence of this element in coastal soils. He hoped that a study of fossil pollen stocks might provide a guide to the age of the soil type in the Nebula belt area.
RANDOM BLOCK AND QUASI-LATIN SQUARE DESIGNS USED TO DETERMINE FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS OF
Subsequently, there has been a great leap forward in the production of sugarcane and sugar per hectare in this country in recent years and this is entirely due to the careful and efficient research carried out and the practical adoption of the findings by this industry. In recent years, until today, according to an article contributed to the South African Sugar Journal. This paper is part summary of some work done and part exposition of work in progress, being a small contribution to the elucidation of the effects of fertilizers on sugarcane in Natal, with special reference to the use of the Quasi Latin design Square for this purpose.
There is a slight slope to the south although it is so small that it is practically unnoticeable. The soil is a red clay which at that time had been under cultivation for .15 years or more and was under wattles before the planting of cane. Just prior to the establishment of the experiment, the field was under a green crop of Vignia Sinensis (Cownut) sown in January 1932 and plowed under in June 1932.
SUGARCANE
F o r the A section, the whole batch of fertilizer was applied at the bottom of the furrow and the cane planted in full lengths double in the row and cut into sets. In the case of total shot length per feces, N and K effects were significant at P = 0.001, the variety effect and a NV interaction were significant at P -= 0.01. Varieties that had shown no differences in the plant stand showed highly significant differences in the first ratoon.
The Quasi Latin Square B confirmed the N and K effects obtained from experiment A, and furthermore, the NV interaction that was only significant in A for total shoot length became almost significant in sugarcane crop yield in B. No more fertilizer was given in the furrow, but the first top dressing was applied as agreed. He pointed out that in the experiment where abnormally large amounts of nitrogen and potash were applied, these amounts actually reduced sucrose.
MONOCULTURE OF SUGAR CANE
FOLLOWING CANE AFTER CANE IN A ROTATION
As for planting green manure between the cane rows, he had been discouraged by the results of such a practice in the p a s t . From the paper it could be seen t h a t the first crops were cut in May, while the A m e n t treatment, in the case of plant cane, passed in the same period. Many people in the industry still consider t h a t use; of a Sunn hemp crop on a sandy soil was more desirable.
The trend seems to be to get away from green manure crops, and sugarcane as a perennial crop actually increases the amount of humus in the soil. In the old days when green manure crops were introduced, there were difficulties in preparing the seed bed, but these difficulties have now been overcome. It will be seen that only in treatment 'B' of the table there is a decrease in the first ratoon.
